View source for Jeremiah Chase

{{Short description|American judge (1748–1828)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
 | name               = Jeremiah Townley Chase
 | image              = Jeremiah chase.jpg
 | alt                = 
 | caption            = Portrait of Jeremiah Townley Chase by [[Robert Edge Pine]]. The portrait is located in the entrance hall of the [[Hammond-Harwood House]] in Annapolis, Maryland
 | order              = 
 | office             = [[Maryland Court of Appeals|Chief Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals]]
 | term_start         = 1806
 | term_end           = 1824
 | predecessor        = [[Benjamin Rumsey]]
 | successor          = [[John Buchanan (Maryland judge)|John Buchanan]]
 | birth_name         = 
 | birth_date         = {{birth date|1748|5|23}}
 | birth_place        = [[Baltimore, Maryland]], U.S.
 | death_date         = {{death date and age|1828|5|11|1748|5|23}}
 | death_place        = [[Annapolis, Maryland]], U.S.
 | resting_place      = St. Anne's Cemetery<br />Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.
 | party              = [[Anti-Federalist]]
 | spouse             = {{marriage|Hester Baldwin|1779|1823|reason=died}}
 | children           = 5
 | relatives          = [[Samuel Chase]] (cousin)<br />[[John Francis Mercer]] (cousin)
 | education          = 
 | alma_mater         = 
 | occupation         = 
 | signature          = 
}}

'''Jeremiah Townley Chase''' (May 23, 1748 &ndash; May 11, 1828) was an American lawyer, jurist, and land speculator from [[Annapolis, Maryland]]. He served as a delegate for [[Maryland]] in the [[Continental Congress]] of 1783 and 1784, and for many years was chief justice of the state’s [[Maryland Court of Appeals|court of appeals]].

==Early life ==
Chase was born in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], to Richard and Catherine Chase. When both his parents died in 1757 he was adopted by his uncle Reverend Thomas Chase, who was the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] rector of St. Paul's parish in Annapolis. (St. Paul's later became part of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|American Episcopal Church]].) His uncle also took over his education as he had done earlier for his own son, [[Samuel Chase]].<ref name="JL Wakelyn" /><ref name="OM Taylor">Owen M. Taylor, 2009. The History of Annapolis. Applewood Books. pp. 48–50. {{ISBN|978-1-4290-2048-0}}.</ref>

When Jeremiah Chase was a young man, he followed his second cousin Samuel Chase to Annapolis. He [[read law]] in Samuel's office and was admitted to the bar of [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]] in 1771. Chase established a practice in both Annapolis and Baltimore, which he continued in Annapolis until 1791 with interruptions for public service. He never went into practice with his cousin but they made several appearances in court for the same clients, and a few as opponents. There were several young men who studied law with both cousins, especially when one was out of town. This list of men included [[Roger B. Taney]] who was later [[Chief Justice of the United States]].<ref name="JL Wakelyn" /><ref name="OM Taylor" />

He married Hester Baldwin on June 24, 1779.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" />

==Political career ==
In 1773 Chase was elected to the Colonial House of Delegates. In 1774 he joined the prerevolutionary [[Maryland]] ''[[Committee of Correspondence]]'' for Baltimore and was elected to the revolutionary [[Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)|Annapolis Convention]] that created the state constitution of Maryland. In 1776 he attended the state's Constitutional Convention for Anne Arundel County. Under the new constitution he was elected to the House of Deputies in Baltimore from 1775 to 1777.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" />

Chase's adopted father, Rev. Chase, died in 1779 and after that Jeremiah moved fully to Annapolis. That same year he was named a member of Maryland's Executive Council, which functioned as the upper house of the legislature, and he would serve there until 1783, and later from 1785 to 1788. Chase was also Mayor of Annapolis in 1783 and 1784. Those same years he served as a delegate to the [[Continental Congress]], which held sessions for those years in Annapolis. It was there he became a friend of [[David Howell (jurist)|David Howell]] of [[Rhode Island]].<ref name="JL Wakelyn" /><ref name="OM Taylor" />

In 1788 Chase was a delegate to the Maryland convention called to ratify the [[United States Constitution]]. He was among those opposed to its adoption, believing that a [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] should be included. When the Bill of Rights was formally adopted by Congress in 1789, Chase generally became a supporter of the [[Federalist Party]]. He drafted the [[Northwest Ordinance]] of 1784 as part of its drafting committee.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" />

Jeremiah Chase and his cousin, [[John Francis Mercer]] vehemently opposed the Federal Constitution's ratification. Being elected to the state convention, he became an [[Anti-Federalist]] leader. Chase feared the Federalists would abolish state laws protecting personal rights, and he called for a federal bill of rights at the convention.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" /><ref name="OM Taylor" />

Having owned 11 slaves, by mid-1780s Chase was of the opinion Maryland's slaves should be freed. At the 1788 state ratification convention he spoke against slavery being supported by a federal Constitution. He was one of 12 leaders who voted against the federal Constitution's ratification.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" />

==Judicial career ==
Chase returned to state politics after the constitutional crisis. Despite his opposition to the Constitution, Chase was named as a justice in the state's General Court in 1789, serving for six years. He held the tax commissioner office of [[Anne Arundel County]] in 1788. As tax commissioner, together with [[Charles Ridgely]] and his cousin Samuel, he speculated in ex-Tory lands in Annapolis and the port of Baltimore. He also served in the [[Maryland State Senate]] in 1796, where he became a strong Republican in a Federalist state. In 1806 he was appointed chief justice of the [[Maryland Court of Appeals]], for the third district, until 1826, retiring that year.<ref name="JL Wakelyn" /><ref name="OM Taylor" />

==Later life==
Jeremiah Chase remained married to Hester Baldwin until her death in 1823 and had five children: Richard, Frances, Hester, Matilda, and Catherine. He rented a wing of the Hammond House from Matthias Hammond as a law office. His residence was on nearby King George Street. In 1811 he purchased the Hammond-Harwood House for his eldest daughter Frances Lookcerman to live in with her husband Richard Loockerman. It was customary for the father-in-law to give the deed to his son-in-law. However, Judge Chase did not trust his son-in-law, and kept the deed in his name. When Chase died at home in Annapolis on May 11, 1828, he was buried in the ''City Cemetery'', or St. Anne's Cemetery in Annapolis. Some of his land was confiscated by the state from former [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Tories]].<ref name="JL Wakelyn">Jon L. Wakelyn, 2004. Birth of the Bill of Rights: Biographies. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 42–43. {{ISBN|978-0-313-33194-7}}.</ref><ref name="msa">{{cite web |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/000200/000234/html/234bio.html |title=Jeremiah Townley Chase (1748–1828) |website=Maryland Manual On-Line |publisher=[[Maryland State Archives]] |date=2008-10-24 |access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref>

The [[Hammond-Harwood House]] still stands on Maryland Avenue at King George Street in Annapolis. The home is operated as a museum and is open to visitors. The museum interprets the Loockerman family living in the house.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hammon - Harwood House Museum|url=http://www.ocallaghanhotels-us.com/blog/hammond-harwood-house-museum/|website=Callaghan Annapolis Hotel|accessdate=18 January 2018|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235000/http://www.ocallaghanhotels-us.com/blog/hammond-harwood-house-museum/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{Biographical Directory of Congress|C000329}}
* [https://archive.today/20130415024245/http://www.hammondharwoodhouse.org/index.htm Hammond House museum website]

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{{succession box | before = [[Benjamin Rumsey]] | title = [[Chief Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals]] | years = 1806&ndash;1824 | after = [[John Buchanan (Maryland judge)|John Buchanan]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chase, Jeremiah}}
[[Category:1748 births]]
[[Category:1828 deaths]]
[[Category:Continental Congressmen from Maryland]]
[[Category:Judges of the Supreme Court of Maryland]]
[[Category:Mayors of Annapolis, Maryland]]
[[Category:U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law]]
[[Category:18th-century mayors of places in Maryland]]