View source for Jerez de la Frontera

{{Redirect2|Jerez|Xeres|the wine|Sherry|the wine grape|Graciano|other uses|Jerez (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Short description|City in the Cádiz province of Spain}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Jerez de la Frontera
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| native_name             = <!-- if different from name -->
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = (Jerez de la Frontera) DSC 0560 (6271831479) (cropped).jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Flag of Jerez de la Frontera.svg
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of Jerez de la Frontera.svg
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Jerez de la Frontera|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Jerez de la Frontera.}}
|map_caption              = Location of Jerez de la Frontera
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Andalusia]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province of Cádiz|Cádiz]]
| subdivision_name5       = Municipios de la Bahía de Cádiz
| seat_type               = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|36|40|54|N|06|08|16|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 56
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 1188.23
| established_title       = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date        =
| population_as_of        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_rank         = [[List of cities in Spain|25th, Spain]]
| population_demonym      = Jerezanos
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 11401 – 11409
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Area code]]
| area_code               =
| leader_title            = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[María José García-Pelayo]]
| leader_party            = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.jerez.es}}
| module                  =
| footnotes               =
}}

'''Jerez de la Frontera''' ({{IPA|es|xeˈɾeθ ðe la fɾonˈteɾa}}) or simply '''Jerez''', also cited in old English-language sources as '''{{lang|en|Xeres}}''', is a city and [[Municipalities of Spain|municipality]] in the [[province of Cádiz]] in the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Andalusia]], [[Spain]]. Located in southwestern [[Iberia]], it lies on the [[Campiña de Jerez]], an inland low-land plain crossed by the [[Guadalete river]], midway between the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the [[Guadalquivir]] river and the western reaches of the [[Subbaetic System]].

{{as of|2020}}, with 213,105 inhabitants, Jerez is the most-populated municipality in the province of Cádiz. Its municipality covers an area of {{convert|1188.14|km2|abbr=on}} and includes [[Los Alcornocales Natural Park]].

[[Winegrowing]] has long been, particularly upon the transition to modern [[Agribusiness|agro-extractivism]] in the mid 18th century, the main drive of the economy of Jerez.<ref>{{Cite book|pages=23−26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOTUrT5SiuwC&pg=PA4|title=La formación del capitalismo en el marco del Jerez: de la vitivinicultura tradicional a la agroindustria vinatera moderna (siglos XVIII y XIX)|first=Javier|last=Maldonado Rosso|publisher=Huerga y Fierro Editores|location=Madrid|isbn=84-8374-086-9|year=1999}}</ref> During the 19th century, the local wine [[Sherry]] was overwhelmingly produced for foreign export, catering to the British market in the first place.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Douro. Estudos & Documentos|volume=7|issue=13|year=2002|first=James|last=Simpson|title=Adapting to international markets: Sherry, 1820-1900|publisher=[[University of Porto|Universidade do Porto]]|location=Porto|pages=207−209}}</ref> Throughout this century the city earned a reputation as a paradigm for large landowners, high [[social inequality]], and the winery-related identity.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/4243187|chapter=Jerez, paradigma latifundista, burgués y obrero : relato de un siglo XIX clave|year=2015|last=Lozano Salado|first=Lola|title=Movimiento obrero en la historia de Jerez y su entorno (siglos XIX y XX)|location=Cádiz|publisher=[[University of Cádiz|Servicio de PUblicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz]]|page=47}}</ref>

Since 1987, [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] has been held at the [[Circuito de Jerez]] in early May. The circuit has also hosted several [[Formula One]] Grands Prix, including the [[1997 European Grand Prix]], which decided the [[1997 Formula One World Championship]]. Other festivals in the city include the [[Feria de Jerez]] and the [[Holy Week]].

==Etymology==
[[File:Rotonda Venencia Catavino Jerez Simo Riva02.JPG|thumb|Venencia Roundabout, also known as Catavino Roundabout]]
The classical Latin name of ''Asta Regia'', unrelated to the present name, referred to an ancient city now found within Mesas de Asta, a rural district approximately {{convert|11|km|2|abbr=on}} from the center of Jerez.

The current Spanish-language name came by way of the Arabic-language name {{lang|ar|شريش}} ''Sharīsh'',<ref>Deroy Louis, & Mulon Marianne (1992) Dictionnaire des noms de lieux, París: Le Robert</ref> used during the [[Al-Andalus|Muslim period in Iberia]]. The placename was rendered as ''Xerez'' or ''Xerés'' ({{IPA|osp|ʃeˈɾet͡s̻, ʃeˈɾes̺}}) in old Romance sources; hence the name of the famous fortified wine, [[sherry]]. {{lang|es|Frontera}} ('[[frontier]]') referred to its location on the border between the [[Moors|Moorish]] and [[Christians|Christian]] regions on the [[Iberian Peninsula]] during the 13th century.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Upon the Modern-era readjustment and simplification of Spanish-language sibilant phonemes (including {{IPAslink|ʃ}} changed into {{IPAslink|x}}) the spelling of the place name ended up being changed accordingly.

The old spelling ''Xerez'' survived in several foreign languages and led to the name given to [[sherry]]: [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] {{lang|pt|Xerez}} {{IPA|pt-PT|ʃɨˈɾɛʃ|}}, [[Catalan language|Catalan]] {{lang|ca|Xerès}} {{IPA|ca|ʃəˈɾɛs|}}, English ''sherry'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ɛr|i}}, French {{lang|fr|xérès}} {{IPA|fr|ɡzeʁɛs|}}. [[Xerez Deportivo FC|The city's main football team]] continues to use the old spelling, ''Xerez''.

==History==
{{For timeline}}

===Prehistory and ancient history===
Traces of human presence in the area date from the upper Neolithic, and humans have inhabited Jerez de la Frontera since at least the [[Copper Age|Copper]] or [[Neolithic Age]], but the identity of the first natives remains unclear.  The first major protohistoric settlement in the area (around the third millennium BC) is attributed to the [[Tartessos|Tartessians]].<ref name="Gimpera1995">{{cite book|author=Pedro Bosch Gimpera|title=El poblamiento antiguo y la formación de los pueblos de España|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJOdVsdy_IAC&pg=PA210|year=1995|publisher=UNAM|isbn=978-968-36-4439-8|page=210}}</ref> Jerez later became a Roman city under the name of ''Asta Regia'' (located 8&nbsp;km further north at Cortijo el Rosario).

===Middle Ages===
After the [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire|collapse of the Western Roman Empire]], the [[Vandals]] and the [[Visigoths]] ruled the area until the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]] in the early 8th century. In the 11th century it briefly became the seat of an independent [[taifa of Jerez|taifa]]. Some years later [['Abdun ibn Muhammad]] united it with [[Arcos de la Frontera]] and ruled both (ca. 1040–1053). In 1053 it was annexed to [[Seville]]. From 1145 to 1147 the region of Arcos and Jerez briefly operated as an emirate under the dependency of [[Granada]], led by [[Abu'l-Qasim Ahyal]]. Later the [[Almohads]] conquered the city. In the 12th and 13th centuries Jerez underwent a period of great development, building its defense system and setting the current street layout of the old town.

In 1231 the [[Battle of Jerez]] took place within Jerez. Christian troops under the command of [[Álvaro Pérez de Castro]], lord of the House of Castro and grandson of Alfonso VII, king of Castile and León, defeated the troops of the Emir [[Ibn Hud]], despite the numerical superiority of the latter. After [[Siege of Jerez (1261)|a month-long siege in 1261]], the city surrendered to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], but its Muslim population remained. It rebelled and was finally defeated in 1264.

Due to its agriculture-based economy and demographics, Jerez was already a major city of the Lower Andalusia towards the end of the Middle Ages.{{Sfn|Izco Reina|2003|p=391}}
[[File:Calle Juderia Jerez.JPG|thumb|Juderia street in Jerez.]]
Historically, a [[Jewish community]] existed in Jerez until the 1492 [[Expulsion of the Jews from Spain|expulsion of the Jews]]. Today the street "Juderia", meaning Jewish quarter in Spanish, in Jerez marks where the old Jewish quarter once existed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jerez de la Frontera |url=https://jguideeurope.org/en/region/spain/andalusia/jerez-de-la-frontera/ |website=JGuide Europe |access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>

===Early modern period===
[[File:Wjerezdelafrontera.jpg|thumb|center|upright=3|Jerez in the 1560s, by [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]], as seen from the North–East.{{Sfn|Aladro Prieto|Mosquera Adell|2018|p=255}}]]
The [[discovery of the Americas]] and the [[conquest of Granada]], in 1492, made Jerez one of the most prosperous cities of Andalusia through trade and through its proximity to the ports of [[Port of Seville|Seville]] and [[Port of Cádiz|Cádiz]]. Attracted by the economic possibilities offered by the winemaking business, a substantial foreign European population (English, Flemish, Portuguese and, most notably, Genoese) installed in the city.{{Sfn|Izco Reina|2003|pp=393; 397}} Together with the local wealthy class, they participated in [[slave ownership]].{{Sfn|Izco Reina|2003|pp=392–393}}

Despite the social, economic and political decadence that occurred in the seventeenth century, towards the end of the [[Habsburg Spain|Habsburg]] rule, the city managed to maintain a reasonable{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} pace of development, becoming world-famous for its [[sherry|wine]] industry.

===Late modern period===
In January 1892, a [[Jerez uprising|peasant uprising]] took place in Jerez and its violent repression lead to a series of protests and revenge bombings in the next decade.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yeoman |first=James Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12SzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP81 |title=Print Culture and the Formation of the Anarchist Movement in Spain, 1890-1915 |date=2019-10-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-71215-5 |pages=81–85 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Jerez monks c1835.jpg|right|thumb|Jerez in 1835]]

==Government==
[[File:Escaños Jerez 2015.png|thumb|Allocation of seats, 2015]]
{{See also|List of mayors of Jerez de la Frontera}}
The city of Jerez is governed by the ''[[Ayuntamiento (Spain)|ayuntamiento]]'' (municipality) of Jerez, whose representatives, as in other towns in Spain, are elected every four years by universal suffrage for all citizens older than 18 years of age. The body is chaired by the mayor of Jerez.

==Economy==
[[File:Garvey 002.jpg|thumb|Bodegas Garvey]]
The economy of Jerez has traditionally been centred on the wine industry, with exports of [[sherry]] worldwide. Because it lacks the civil service that other cities enjoy, Jerez has based its economy on industry. The cultivation of fruits, grains, and vegetables and horse and cattle [[animal husbandry|husbandry]] has also been important to the local economy.  It is the home base for the Spanish Military Stud farm, the [[Yeguada Militar de Jerez de la Frontera]].

After the wine crisis in the 1990s, the city is now seeking to expand its industrial base. Tourism has been successfully promoted. The city's strong identity as a center for wine, flamenco, and horses, its popular festivals, [[MotoGP]] hosting and its historical heritage have contributed to this success.

The city is the home of [[Jerez Airport]] and has also been positioning itself as a logistics hub for western Andalusia, through the integration between the airport, the rail system and nearby ports.

==Geography==
=== Location ===
[[File:(Jerez) Seville, Spain (49104522676) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|Jerez as seen by the [[European Space Agency]]'s [[Sentinel-2]] on 21 June 2019.]]
Jerez de la Frontera is located in the region of [[Campiña de Jerez]], which includes the municipalities of Jerez de la Frontera and [[San José del Valle]]. The territory of the region corresponds to the previous municipality of the city of Jerez, before the disintegration of San José del Valle in 1995. The municipality of Jerez is the largest in the province of [[Cádiz|Cadiz]] and the sixth in Spain with 1188 square kilometers.

The region of the Campiña de Jerez is crossed by the [[Guadalete]] River. There are several wetlands in its territory, such as the lagoons of Medina and [[Torrox]]. There are also the Montes de Propio de Jerez, included in the [[Los Alcornocales Natural Park|Natural Park of Los Alcornocales]]. Its agriculture is known for the designation of origin of its wine, [[sherry]], grown in the triangle formed between Jerez de la Frontera, [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] and [[El Puerto de Santa María]].

Jerez de la Frontera is located {{cvt|6|km}} from El Puerto de Santa Maria, {{cvt|12|km}} from the Atlantic Ocean and {{cvt|85|km}} from the Strait of [[Gibraltar]]. The city is one of the six municipalities that make up the Metropolitan Area of the Bay of Cadiz-Jerez, a polynuclear urban agglomeration formed by the municipalities of Cadiz, Chiclana de la Frontera, Jerez de la Frontera, Puerto Real, El Puerto de Santa Maria and San Fernando located in the [[Bay of Cádiz|Bay of Cadiz]].

=== Climate ===
Jerez de la Frontera and the rest of the [[Cádiz]] metropolitan area have a [[Subtropical]]–[[Mediterranean climate]]. For its situation being inland (specially the airport which is further inland than the city), the Atlantic influences are small. Jerez is characterized by mild, short winters with occasional cool nights and hot, long summers with occasional very hot temperatures; unlike the surrounding coastal areas which are characterized by very mild winters and long warm summers. Most of the rain falls from October to January, while the summers are very dry but not rainless. For its situation being inland, the daytime temperatures are higher than in the coast and the lows are cooler, with a difference of at least 10&nbsp;°C between the highs and the low temperatures of each month. The average annual temperature is {{convert|24.4|°C|0|abbr=on}} during the day and {{convert|11.9|°C|0|abbr=on}} at night. The average annual precipitation is {{convert|570|mm|1|abbr=on}} [[Rain#Measurement|per year]], concentrated in the months of October through April. December is the wettest month with {{convert|109|mm|1|abbr=on}}. The city averages 53 rainy days, 137 clear days and 2,965 hours of sunshine a year. Snow is extremely rare, and it is even more infrequent than in most of the southern European islands. The last snowfall recorded in the city happened on February 2, 1954. Since then, no snowfall has been recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmira.es/07/01/2021/el-domingo-nieva-en-jerez-segun-recoge-eltiempo-es//|title=La última vez que nevó en Jerez - elMira Jerez|first=Eduardo|last=Velo|date=2 February 2018|website=elmira.es|access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107191959/https://elmira.es/07/01/2021/el-domingo-nieva-en-jerez-segun-recoge-eltiempo-es/|archive-date=7 January 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Jerez de la Frontera ([[Jerez Airport]]) (1991–2020), Extremes (1921–)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 25.3
|Feb record high C = 29.0
|Mar record high C = 30.6
|Apr record high C = 33.6
|May record high C = 39.4
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 44.7
|Aug record high C = 45.8
|Sep record high C = 44.6
|Oct record high C = 36.5
|Nov record high C = 30.8
|Dec record high C = 26.8
|year record high C = 45.8
|Jan high C = 16.5
|Feb high C = 18.1
|Mar high C = 20.8
|Apr high C = 22.9
|May high C = 26.7
|Jun high C = 30.7
|Jul high C = 34.0
|Aug high C = 34.3
|Sep high C = 30.4
|Oct high C = 26.0
|Nov high C = 20.4
|Dec high C = 17.4
|year high C = 24.9
|Jan mean C = 10.9
|Feb mean C = 12.1
|Mar mean C = 14.6
|Apr mean C = 16.6
|May mean C = 19.8
|Jun mean C = 23.3
|Jul mean C = 26.0
|Aug mean C = 26.5
|Sep mean C = 23.5
|Oct mean C = 19.9
|Nov mean C = 14.9
|Dec mean C = 12.1
|year mean C = 18.4
|Jan low C = 5.3
|Feb low C = 6.1
|Mar low C = 8.3
|Apr low C = 10.2
|May low C = 13.0
|Jun low C = 15.9
|Jul low C = 18.0
|Aug low C = 18.6
|Sep low C = 16.6
|Oct low C = 13.6
|Nov low C = 9.3
|Dec low C = 6.8
|year low C = 11.8
|Jan record low C = −5.4
|Feb record low C = −5.0
|Mar record low C = −2.4
|Apr record low C = −2.0
|May record low C = 5.0
|Jun record low C = 7.0
|Jul record low C = 9.8
|Aug record low C = 10.5
|Sep record low C = 7.0
|Oct record low C = 2.8
|Nov record low C = −1.0
|Dec record low C = −5.4
|year record low C = −5.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 67.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 51.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 53.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 50.4
|May precipitation mm = 34.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 9.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 2.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 33.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 84.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 85.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 87.1
|year precipitation mm = 
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 6.3
|Feb precipitation days = 6.0
|Mar precipitation days = 6.4
|Apr precipitation days = 6.1
|May precipitation days = 3.8
|Jun precipitation days = 1.2
|Jul precipitation days = 0.2
|Aug precipitation days = 0.4
|Sep precipitation days = 2.9
|Oct precipitation days = 6.6
|Nov precipitation days = 7.0
|Dec precipitation days = 7.4
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan sun = 194
|Feb sun = 200
|Mar sun = 228
|Apr sun = 259
|May sun = 309
|Jun sun = 334
|Jul sun = 365
|Aug sun = 342
|Sep sun = 260
|Oct sun = 234
|Nov sun = 197
|Dec sun = 179
|year sun = 
|source 1 = Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1991-2020-2-p62.php
 |title=Météo climat stats Moyennes 1991/2020 Espagne (page 2)
 |language=fr
 |access-date = 8 June 2022}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08451&ano=2025&mes=8&day=18&hora=3&min=0&ndays=30 |title= 08451:   Jerez De La Frontera / Aeropuerto (Spain)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 17 August 2025|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 18 August 2025|quote=}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Jerez de la Frontera ([[Jerez Airport]]) (1981-2010), Extremes (1921–present)
|collapsed = yes
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 25.3
|Feb record high C = 29.0
|Mar record high C = 30.6
|Apr record high C = 33.6
|May record high C = 38.2
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 44.7
|Aug record high C = 45.8
|Sep record high C = 44.6
|Oct record high C = 36.5
|Nov record high C = 30.8
|Dec record high C = 26.8
|year record high C = 45.8
|Jan high C = 16.2
|Feb high C = 17.8
|Mar high C = 20.8
|Apr high C = 22.2
|May high C = 25.5
|Jun high C = 29.9
|Jul high C = 33.6
|Aug high C = 33.5
|Sep high C = 30.4
|Oct high C = 25.5
|Nov high C = 20.2
|Dec high C = 16.9
|year high C = 24.4
|Jan mean C = 10.7
|Feb mean C = 12.1
|Mar mean C = 14.6
|Apr mean C = 16.0
|May mean C = 19.0
|Jun mean C = 22.9
|Jul mean C = 25.9
|Aug mean C = 26.1
|Sep mean C = 23.7
|Oct mean C = 19.6
|Nov mean C = 14.9
|Dec mean C = 12.0
|year mean C = 18.2
|Jan low C = 5.2
|Feb low C = 6.4
|Mar low C = 8.3
|Apr low C = 9.8
|May low C = 12.5
|Jun low C = 15.9
|Jul low C = 18.1
|Aug low C = 18.7
|Sep low C = 17.0
|Oct low C = 13.7
|Nov low C = 9.5
|Dec low C = 7.1
|year low C = 11.9
|Jan record low C = −5.4
|Feb record low C = −5.0
|Mar record low C = −2.4
|Apr record low C = −2.0
|May record low C = 5.0
|Jun record low C = 7.0
|Jul record low C = 9.8
|Aug record low C = 10.5
|Sep record low C = 7.0
|Oct record low C = 2.8
|Nov record low C = −1.0
|Dec record low C = −5.4
|year record low C = −5.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 78
|Feb precipitation mm = 56
|Mar precipitation mm = 37
|Apr precipitation mm = 49
|May precipitation mm = 30
|Jun precipitation mm = 9
|Jul precipitation mm = 1
|Aug precipitation mm = 2
|Sep precipitation mm = 27
|Oct precipitation mm = 72
|Nov precipitation mm = 96
|Dec precipitation mm = 109
|year precipitation mm = 570
|Jan precipitation days = 6
|Feb precipitation days = 6
|Mar precipitation days = 5
|Apr precipitation days = 6
|May precipitation days = 4
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 0
|Sep precipitation days = 2
|Oct precipitation days = 6
|Nov precipitation days = 7
|Dec precipitation days = 8
|year precipitation days = 53
|unit precipitation days = 1&nbsp;mm
|Jan humidity = 77
|Feb humidity = 73
|Mar humidity = 67
|Apr humidity = 64
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 56
|Jul humidity = 52
|Aug humidity = 55
|Sep humidity = 61
|Oct humidity = 69
|Nov humidity = 75
|Dec humidity = 79
|year humidity = 66
|Jan sun = 184
|Feb sun = 187
|Mar sun = 224
|Apr sun = 251
|May sun = 300
|Jun sun = 318
|Jul sun = 354
|Aug sun = 334
|Sep sun = 250
|Oct sun = 225
|Nov sun = 184
|Dec sun = 158
|year sun = 2965
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 
 |title=Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010) 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526104145/http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 
 |archive-date=2013-05-26 
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5960&datos=det&x=5960&m=13&v=todos|title=Jerez de la Frontera Aeropuerto: Jerez de la Frontera Aeropuerto - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España|first=Agencia Estatal de|last=Meteorología|website=www.aemet.es|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08451&ano=2025&mes=8&day=18&hora=3&min=0&ndays=30 |title= 08451:   Jerez De La Frontera / Aeropuerto (Spain)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 17 August 2025|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 18 August 2025|quote=}}</ref>
|date=October 2016}}

==Main sights==

===Religious sites===
[[File:Andalucía Jerez de la Frontera Catedral1 tango7174.jpg|thumb|Jerez Cathedral]]
[[File:Santiago en obras (Jerez) 20150904 101234.jpg|thumb|Church of Santiago]]
[[File:Cartuja iglesia.jpg|thumb|Charterhouse of Jerez]]
[[File:Elcarmen tejado2.JPG|thumb|Basílica del Carmen de Jerez]]
[[File:Andalucía Jerez de la Frontera Alcázar1 tango7174.jpg|thumb|Alcazar of Jerez]]
[[File:Plaza de la Asunción. Jerez de la Frontera.jpg|thumb|Asunción Square and Church of San Dionisio]]

* [[Jerez de la Frontera Cathedral|The Cathedral]]
* [[Church of San Miguel (Jerez de la Frontera)|Church of San Miguel]] (15th century), in [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]–[[Baroque]] style
* Church of San Mateo, in Gothic style, the oldest in the city
* The [[Charterhouse of Jerez de la Frontera|Charterhouse]]
* Church of Santiago, dating to the time of [[Alfonso X of Castile]] (reigned 1252–1284)
* Church of San Juan de los Caballeros, created after Alfonso X's conquest of the city in 1264
* [[Church of San Marcos, Jerez de la Frontera|Church of San Marcos]] (13th century)
* [[Iglesia de San Dionisio, Jerez de la Frontera|Church of San Dionisio]] (13th century), built around 1457
* Church of San Lucas, built over an old mosque
* Church of San Francisco, containing the grave of Queen [[Blanche of Bourbon|Blanca de Borbón]] (died 1361)
* Church of San Pedro
* Chapel of San Juan de Letrán
* Calvary Chapel
* Chapel of Los Desamparados
* [[Convento de San José (Jerez de la Frontera)|Convent of San José]]
* Convent of Santa María de Gracia
* Convento of Espíritu Santo
* Hermitage of San Isidro Labrador
* Hermitage of San Telmo
* Church of Santo Domingo
* Church of Los Descalzos
* Convent of Las Reparadoras
* Church of La Victoria
* Hermitage of La Ina
* Basílica del Carmen de Jerez

===Palaces and manors===

* ''[[Palace of Viceroy Laserna]]''
* ''Casa-palacio de la calle Lealas'', número 20
* ''Casa-palacio de los Ponce de León''
* ''Casa de los Basurto''
* ''Casa Petra de la Riva''
* ''[[Palace of Marqués de Montana]]''
* ''Palacio Dávila''
* ''Palacio de Bertemati''
* ''[[Palacio de Campo Real]]''
* ''Palacio de Riquelme''
* ''Palacio de los Condes de Montegil''
* ''Palacio de los Condes de Puerto Hermoso''
* ''Palacio de los Morla y Melgarejo''
* ''Palacio de Luna''
* ''Palacio de Mirabal''
* ''Palacio de Villapanés''
* ''Palacio de Villavicencio''
* ''Palacio del Barón de Algar del Campo''
* ''Palacio del Conde de los Andes''
* ''Palacio del Marqués de Villamarta''
* ''Palacio Duque de Abrantes''
* ''Palacio Pemartín''
* ''Palacio San Blas''

===Museums===
[[File:Andalucía Jerez de la Frontera1 tango7174.jpg|thumb|Arenal Square]]

* [[Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera|Archaeological Museum]]
* Bullfighting Museum
* Nativity scene Museum
* Museos de la Atalaya
* Pinacoteca Rivero
* Museo del Traje Andaluz
* Museo de Tecnología Agraria Antonio Cabral
* Museo del Enganche

===Other monuments===
[[File:Jerez Spain El-Gallo-Azul-01.jpg|thumb|150px|Building ''Gallo Azul'' in Jerez de la Frontera]]
[[File:Cabildo Viejo Plaza Asuncion Panoramica Jerez.jpg|thumb|Old City Hall of Jerez de la Frontera]]

* [[Old City Hall of Jerez de la Frontera]], built in 1575
* [[Alcazar of Jerez de la Frontera]], a Moorish fortress, dating to the 11th century
* Zoo and Botanical Garden of Jerez.
* Villamarta Theatre
* ''Gallo Azul'', built in 1927
* Walls of Jerez de la Frontera

===Main factories===
* [[González Byass]]
* [[Allied Domecq|Domecq]]
* [[Grupo Estévez]]
* [[Grupo Garvey]]
* [[Williams & Humbert]]
* [[Bodegas de Pilar Plá]]
* [[Bodegas Tradición]]
* [[Sánchez Romate]]
* [[Bodegas Lustau]]

===Other infrastructure===
[[File:Plaza mamelon jerez frontera 01.JPG|thumb|Mamelón Square]]
[[File:Rotonda minotauro jerez frontera 01.JPG|thumb|roundabout of Minotaur]]

* Crocodile Farm Kariba, unique in Spain.
* [[Circuito de Jerez|Circuit of Jerez]]
* [[Jerez Airport]]
* Fair Institution of Cádiz
* [[Estadio Municipal de Chapín|Chapín Stadium]]
* Walk of Fame Jerez de la Frontera
* [[Yeguada Militar de Jerez de la Frontera|Military Stud of de Jerez de la Frontera]]
* Jerez Bullring
* Roundabout of Minotaur
* Playground "Children's City"
* Water Tower of Jerez
* Old fish market
* Sala Compañía
* Centro Andaluz de Flamenco 
* Zoco de Artesanía de Jerez
* Children's Traffic Park

==Culture==

===Wine===
[[File:CatavinoEnMano.jpg|thumb|Sherry wine]]

Jerez is the world capital of [[sherry]], a fortified wine made from white grapes grown near the city of Jerez. Jerez has been a centre of viniculture since the [[Phoenicia]]ns introduced winemaking to Spain in 1100 BC.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] continued the practice after they took control of [[Hispania|Iberia]] around 200 BC. The [[Moors]] conquered the region in AD 711 and introduced [[distillation]], which led to the development of brandy and fortified wine. Because sherry was a major wine export to the United Kingdom, British families founded many of the Jerez cellars. The city has many ''bodegas'' ([[Winery|wineries]]), many of which are of British origin. The most important include:
* [[González Byass]]: Manuel María González Angel founded this bodega in 1835, and his English agent, Robert Blake Byass subsequently joined in. The firm produces the [[fino]] sherry [[Tío Pepe]].
* Williams & Humbert: This is a winery located in Jerez de la Frontera dedicated to the production of sherry wines and [[Brandy|brandies]] and other liqueurs. Sir Alexander Williams and Arthur Humbert founded it in 1877.
* Grupo Garvey: founded in 1780 by William Garvey Power.
* Grupo Estévez: owns the Marqués del Real Tesoro and [[Valdespin]] bodegas. With origins dating from 1430, Valdespino is one of the oldest bodegas in the area.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}
* Domecq: is a winemaking company founded by [[Álvaro Domecq y Díez|Álvaro Domecq Díez]]'s father.

[[Brandy de Jerez]] is a brandy exclusively produced within the "Sherry Triangle" (which is bounded by Jerez de la Frontera, [[El Puerto de Santa María]] and [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]], all in the province of Cádiz). Brandy de Jerez is used in Spanish cuisine, especially with meats.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

===Carthusian breed of horses===
{{see also|Carthusian horse}}
[[File:Carthusian colts - Andalucia, Spain Private Tour - June 2007.jpg|thumb|Carthusian horses]]

Jerez is the original home of the Carthusian sub-strain of the [[Andalusian horse]] breed, known as the ''Caballo cartujano'' in Spain. In the latter 1400s, the Carthusian monks began breeding horses on lands donated by [[Álvaro Obertos de Valeto]] for construction of the [[Charterhouse of Jerez de la Frontera]] (''la Cartuja de Jerez de la Frontera''). When the Spanish Crown decreed that Spanish horse breeders should breed their Andalusian stock with Neapolitan and central European stock, the monks refused to comply,<ref name="Hendricks2007">{{cite book|author=Bonnie L. Hendricks|title=International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJg3qXssWYC&pg=PA111|year=2007|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3884-8|page=111}}</ref> and continued to select their best specimens to develop their own jealously guarded bloodline for almost four hundred years.

Jerez is the home of the [[Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art]], a riding school comparable to the famous [[Spanish Riding School]] of [[Vienna]].

Another famous equine institution headquartered in Jerez is the [[Yeguada Militar de Jerez de la Frontera]] (known outside Spain as the Yeguada Militar), the Spanish military stud farm dedicated to the breeding of purebred Andalusian and [[Arabian horse|Arabian]] horses. Founded in 1847, it became the official stud farm of the Spanish military in 1893.

The [[2002 FEI World Equestrian Games]] were held in Jerez at the [[Estadio Municipal de Chapín]], which was remodeled for the event, from September 10 to September 22, 2002. This was the 4th edition of the games, which are held every four years and run by the [[International Federation for Equestrian Sports|FEI]].

===Flamenco===
[[File:Monumento a Lola Flores, Calle Ramón de Cala, Jerez de la Frontera, España, 2015-12-07, DD 02.JPG|thumb|Monument to [[Lola Flores]] in Jerez de la Frontera]]

Jerez is proud of its [[Andalusian Centre of Flamenco]], which was founded in 1993 to safeguard and promote the values and standards of [[flamenco]]. It is devoted to the investigation, recovery, and collection of flamenco-related historical documents, whether they are in audio, visual, or journalistic form. It also has a collection of flamenco artifacts, including musical instruments, costumes, promotional posters, sheet music, and postcards. The centre operates a museum and library to help educate the public and serve as a resource for scholars. Many of the most famous personalities of the city are or were involved in the performance of flamenco, including [[La Paquera de Jerez]], [[Lola Flores]] and [[José Mercé]].

===Festivals===

====Grand Prix====
Since 1987 the [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] has been held at the [[Circuito de Jerez]] in early May. Thousands of motorbikers from around the world come to the city this week to watch the MotoGP race held in Jerez annually. The race is one of the most watched races in Europe.

====Feria del Caballo====
Another popular festival is the [[Feria de Jerez|Feria del Caballo]] (declared a festival of [[international tourist interest]]), one of the most famous Spanish fairs, and the most important fair in the [[province of Cádiz]]. It is celebrated annually in the Parque González Hontoria for one week in May, occurring always after the [[Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix]]. The a fair dedicated mainly to the horse. All booths (''casetas'') at the fair are open to the public, so that attendees may walk into any one of them and enjoy the food, drinks, and dancing. This is one of the main features that differentiates the Feria de Jerez from the rest of the [[Andalusia]]n Fairs, such as the [[Seville Fair]], where most of the ''casetas'' are private and only card-holding members are allowed in.

====Holy Week====
[[Holy Week]] in Jerez, as in other cities in Andalusia, commemorates the [[Passion of Jesus Christ]]. It is celebrated by Catholic religious brotherhoods and fraternities that perform penance processions on the streets during the last week of [[Lent]], the week immediately before [[Easter]]. The Holy Week of Jerez de la Frontera stands out for being one of the most important in Andalusia in terms of number of brotherhoods, quality in its carvings and iconographic sets. Holy Week in Jerez was declared of [[National Tourist Interest]] in 1993.

====Christmas====
During the Christmas season, from the end of November to the end of December, many ''peñas'' (religious and cultural clubs) celebrate the holidays with public festivals where anyone can go to drink, eat, dance and sing Christmas carols, accompanied by friction drums called ''[[zambomba]]s''.

====Other Festivals====
*[[Flamenco festival de Jerez]]
*[[Carnival of Jerez]]
*[[Fiestas de la Vendimia]] (Declared a festival of international tourist interest)

===Other institutions===

The old quarter of Jerez, dating from medieval times, has been named an "[[Artistic Historic Complex]]".  The Easter week celebrations in Jerez are of "[[National Touristic Interest]]", and its remarkable [[Feria de Jerez|Feria del Caballo]] in May is an event of "[[International Touristic Interest]]".

The Andalusian Flamenco Centre is located in the [[Pemartín Palace]] (''Palacio de Pemartín'') and offers a library, displays, video films and live demonstrations of the art of flamenco dancing.

==Sport==

===Circuito de Jerez===
{{See also|Circuito de Jerez}}
[[File:Dani Pedrosa leads the pack 2017 Jerez.jpg|thumb|The [[Circuito de Jerez]] during the [[2017 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix]].]]
The city of Jerez is the first motorcycling world capital.<ref>http://www.circuitodejerez.com/index.php?id=29&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=126&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=487&cHash=842ea3c1aaec9e93bd683d28958ca24b JEREZ SERÁ CAPITAL MUNDIAL DEL MOTOCICLISMO EN 2015</ref> It is the site of [[Circuito de Jerez]], formerly called the [[Circuito Permanente de Jerez]], where the annual [[MotoGP]] Motorcycle Grand Prix is contested.

The race course is also a prime destination for [[Formula One]] teams wishing to perform off-season testing. In the past it has hosted the F1 race itself, namely the [[Spanish Grand Prix]] between [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|1986]] and [[1990 Spanish Grand Prix|1990]], before the race moved permanently to the [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|Catalunya Circuit]] near Barcelona. Since then Jerez has hosted Formula One races a few times, with the designation of the [[European Grand Prix]] in [[1994 European Grand Prix|1994]] and the race in [[1997 European Grand Prix|1997]] which decided the [[1997 Formula One World Championship]].

===Complejo Municipal de Chapín===
[[File:Chapin-XerezCD-00472.jpg|thumb|Estadio Municipal de Chapín]]
[[File:Chapin-Jerez-p1020551.jpg|thumb|Palacio de Deportes de Chapín]]

The Complejo Municipal de Chapín is a complex of sports facilities that includes a football stadium and field, a baseball field, equestrian facilities and a Sports Hall, as well as a futsal field and basketball and volleyball courts.

The Estadio Municipal de Chapín, a multi-purpose stadium, was built in 1988 and seats 20,523 spectators. In 2002 the stadium was remodeled to hold the [[2002 FEI World Equestrian Games]]. The whole grandstand was covered with a roof, and a hotel and spa-gym were added. It was historically the home of [[Xerez CD]], the city's club founded in 1947 and known simply as Xerez, which played in the top division in the 2009–2010 season. Currently, the stadium is the home of [[Xerez Deportivo FC]], founded in 2013 to replace the old Xerez club.

The stadium, which has a running track, was designated as an [[Olympic Stadium]]. The most important [[Track and field athletics|track team]] training there is the [[Xerez Deportivo FC|Club Atletismo Xerez Deportivo FC]], which won the Spanish championships in 2001–2007.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}

[[CB Tartessos|Canasta Unibasket Jerez]] and [[DKV Jerez]] are the city's basketball teams; they play in ''Palacio Municipal de Deportes de Chapín''.

[[Venenciadores de Jerez]], the city's baseball team, is currently without a home field and awaits completion of one in the Complejo Municipal de Chapín.

The main [[futsal]] team in Jerez is [[Xerez Deportivo FC]] (also known as ''Xerez Toyota Nimauto'' for sponsorship reasons). It was founded in 2014 and currently plays in the ''Ruiz Mateos Sports Center'' and the ''Palacio Municipal de Deportes de Chapín'' in ''Segunda Andaluza''.

The most important rugby club is [[Xerez Deportivo FC|Club Rugby Xerez]], which trains at the ''Pradera Hípica'' in Chapín.

===Domecq Stadium===
The Domecq Stadium was the first football stadium in Jerez de la Frontera. It was the home of [[Xerez CD]] and [[Jerez Industrial CF]] before its demolition. The Stadium del Parque (Park Stadium) was built in 1923 and remodeled (with the name of Domecq Stadium) in 1932 by the architect Francisco Hernández Rubio. It held 20,523 and it was demolished in 1988.

=== Juventud Stadium ===
[[File:Campojuventud1.jpg|thumb|Juventud Stadium]]
Currently, the Juventud Stadium is the oldest stadium in the city. It holds 5,000 and is the home of [[Jerez Industrial CF]], founded in 1951, the main rival of [[Xerez CD|Xerez]].

Formerly, the football field belonged to the youth hostel which is located in the vicinity thereof, hence its name.

===Antonio Fernández Marchán Stadium===
It is the [[CD Guadalcacín]] stadium, which plays in the Tercera Division. It is placed in ''Guadalcacín'', a neighborhood northern Jerez.

===Other sports complexes===

* ''Complejo Deportivo de La Granja''
* ''Campo de fútbol de La Canaleja''
* ''Campo de Fútbol Manuel Millán''
* ''Campo de fútbol Juan Fernández Simón''
* ''Campo de fútbol de Picadueña''
* ''Polideportivo Ruiz-Mateos''

===Other sports===
The [[2014 Vuelta a España]] cycle race began in Jerez de la Frontera on 23 August, with a {{convert|12.6|km|1|abbr=on}} [[team time trial]]. The race followed a 21-stage route, finishing in [[Santiago de Compostela]] on 14 September.

[[Club Natación Jerez]], is the main Swimming Club in Jerez. It has won the "Campeonato de España Master" ("Championship of Spain Master") many times.

==Education==
There are 76 elementary schools, 41 secondary schools, 12 adult education centres and 10 public libraries in the city of Jerez.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}

===University of Cádiz===
The [[University of Cádiz]], the provincial university, has a campus in Jerez. It specializes in socio-political studies.

The city is also home to a member of the Official School of Languages (''Escuela Oficial de Idiomas'') and a centre of the National Distance Education University (''Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia'', UNED).

==Transportation==

===Airport===
[[Jerez Airport]], also known as ''Aeropuerto de La Parra'', is the main airport in the [[province of Cádiz]]. It is located {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=on}} north of the city centre and is connected to the city by train and bus.

It was built in 1937, during the [[Spanish Civil War]] by the Nationalists in order to transport soldiers from Africa to Spain. The airport was open to civil traffic in 1992. It is the third most important airport in Andalucia after Malaga and Seville.

===Train===

Jerez has had a railway line since 1854, which was one of the first in Spain, the [[Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway]]. The line went between Jerez and El Puerto de Santa María and transported wine barrels for export. [[Jerez de la Frontera railway station]] is used by more passengers than Cádiz and is the fourth busiest in Andalucia.

Next to the Aeropuerto de Jerez, there is a new train station which connects the airport through the [[Cercanías Cádiz]] line C-1 to nearby Jerez, and also to [[Cádiz]], [[Sevilla]], [[Lebrija]], [[Utrera]], [[El Puerto de Santa María]], and [[San Fernando, Cádiz|San Fernando]].

===Bus===
The city of Jerez has 16 bus lines:

* L 1 Esteve-San Telmo-Constitución
* L 2 Esteve-Picadueñas
* L 3 Esteve-La Plata-Mosto-San Juan de Dios
* L 4 Esteve-García Lorca-El Altillo
* L 5 Esteve-Campus-Guadalcacín
* L 6 Esteve-Campus-La Granja
* L 7 Angustias-La Pita-Estella del Marqués
* L 8 Circunvalación I
* L 9 Circunvalación II
* L 10 Canaleja-Atlántico-Esteve-Hacienda-Hospital
* L 12 Alcázar-C. Salud San Telmo-El Portal/Guadabajaque
* L 13 Alcázar-Blas Infante-Asisa
* L 14 Esteve-Villas Este-La Marquesa
* L 16 Casinos-Hipercor-Ortega Y Gasset
* L 19 Nueva Jarilla-Guadalcacín-Angustias
* L 20 Rotonda-García Lorca-Guadalcacín

===Intercity buses===
From Jerez are made regular trips to the following towns:

{|
| valign="top"|
* [[Alcalá del Valle]]
* [[Algeciras]]
* [[Barbate]]
* [[Cádiz]]
* [[Chiclana de la Frontera]]
* [[Chipiona]]
* [[El Puerto de Santa María]]
| valign="top"|
* [[Los Barrios]]
* [[Madrid]]
* [[Málaga]]
* [[Medina-Sidonia]]
* [[Ronda]]
* [[Rota, Cádiz|Rota]]
* [[San José del Valle]]
| valign="top"|
* [[San Fernando, Cádiz|San Fernando]]
* [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]]
* [[Sevilla]]
* [[Trebujena]]
* [[Zahara de los Atunes]]
|}

===Roads===

{| | class="wikitable" border="1"
! Identifier
! Itinerary
! Observations
|-
| align="center" | [[Autovía del Sur|<span style="background-color:blue; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''A-4'''</span> <span style="background-color:green; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''E-5'''</span>]]
| [[Madrid]] - [[Córdoba (Spain)|Córdoba]] - [[Seville]] - [[Dos Hermanas]] - '''Jerez''' - [[El Puerto de Santa María]] - [[Puerto Real]] - [[Cádiz]]
| Connects Jerez and the [[Province of Cádiz]] to [[Province of Seville]]
|-
| align="center" | [[Autopista del Sur|<span style="background-color:blue; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''AP-4'''</span> <span style="background-color:green; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''E-5'''</span>]]
| [[Seville]] - '''Jerez''' - [[Cádiz]]
| Connects Jerez and the [[Province of Cádiz]] to [[Province of Seville]]
|-
| align="center" | [[A-381|<span style="background-color:orange; color:#111;padding:2px">'''A-381'''</span>]]
| '''Jerez''' - [[Medina Sidonia]] - [[Alcalá de los Gazules]] - [[Los Barrios]]
| Connects Jerez to the [[La Janda|Janda]] and the [[Campo de Gibraltar]]
|-
| align="center" | [[A-382|<span style="background-color:green; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''A-382'''</span>]]
| '''Jerez''' - Jédula - [[Arcos de la Frontera]]
| Connects Jerez to the [[Sierra de Cádiz]]
|-
| align="center" | [[A-480|<span style="background-color:green; color:#FFFFFF;padding:2px">'''A-480'''</span>]]
| [[Chipiona]] - [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] - '''Jerez'''
| Connects [[Bajo Guadalquivir]] to Jerez
|}

===Bicycle===
Jerez has {{convert|41|km|0|abbr=on}} of bike lanes that follow the main avenues of the city.

==Demographics==
According to official population data from INE, the municipality of Jerez had 213,105<ref name="pop">{{cite web|url= https://www.ine.es/consul/serie.do?d=true&s=DPOP5380&c=2&|title=Population figures since 1996 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Spain's National Institute of Statistics]]|website=ine.es|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> inhabitants as of January 1, 2020. This makes Jerez the most populous city in the province, fifth in Andalusia, and 25th in Spain.

===Growth===

'''Growth of the population of Jerez de la Frontera from 1842'''

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  bar:1857 text:1857
  bar:1877 text:1877
  bar:1887 text:1887
  bar:1900 text:1900
  bar:1910 text:1910
  bar:1920 text:1920
  bar:1930 text:1930
  bar:1940 text:1940
  bar:1950 text:1950
  bar:1960 text:1960
  bar:1970 text:1970
  bar:1981 text:1981
  bar:1991 text:1991
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  bar:1842 from:0 till: 33104
  bar:1857 from:0 till: 51339
  bar:1877 from:0 till: 64535
  bar:1887 from:0 till: 61708
  bar:1900 from:0 till: 63473
  bar:1910 from:0 till: 62628
  bar:1920 from:0 till: 65012
  bar:1930 from:0 till: 72055
  bar:1940 from:0 till: 89525
  bar:1950 from:0 till: 107770
  bar:1960 from:0 till: 130900
  bar:1970 from:0 till: 149867
  bar:1981 from:0 till: 176238
  bar:1991 from:0 till: 184364
  bar:2001 from:0 till: 183273
  bar:2011 from:0 till: 212629
  bar:2020 from:0 till: 213105

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  bar:1857 at: 51339 fontsize:s text: 51,339 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1877 at: 64535 fontsize:s text: 64,535 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1887 at: 61708 fontsize:s text: 61,708 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1900 at: 63473 fontsize:s text: 63,473 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1910 at: 62628 fontsize:s text: 62,628 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1920 at: 65012 fontsize:s text: 65,012 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1930 at: 72055 fontsize:s text: 72,055 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1940 at: 89525 fontsize:s text: 89,525 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1950 at: 107770 fontsize:s text: 107,770 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1960 at: 130900 fontsize:s text: 130,900 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1970 at: 149867 fontsize:s text: 149,867 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1981 at: 176238 fontsize:s text: 176,238 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1991 at: 184364 fontsize:s text: 184,364 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2001 at: 183273 fontsize:s text: 183,273 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2011 at: 212629 fontsize:S text: 212,629 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2020 at: 213105 fontsize:s text: 213,105 shift:(-15,5)

</timeline>
{{clear|left}}
:<small>Fuente: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (España)|INE]]</small><ref>INEbase. Variaciones intercensales. En línea: http://www.ine.es/intercensal/ Consultado 23-07-2021. Cuando se dispone del dato de población de hecho y de derecho se ha tomado la cifra más alta.</ref>

===Population distribution===

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Population centre names
! Kind
! Population 2012
! Distance from city centre
|-
| '''Cuartillos''' || Rural neighbourhood || 1,300 inhabitants || {{cvt|11|km}} east
|-
| '''El Mojo-Baldío de Gallardo''' || Rural neighbourhood || 400 inhabitants || {{cvt|16|km}} southeast
|-
| '''El Portal''' || Rural neighbourhood || 700 inhabitants ||  {{cvt|6|km}} south
|-
| '''Estella del Marqués''' || Village || 1,650 inhabitants ||  {{cvt|5.5|km}} east
|-
| '''El Torno'''  || Village || 1,300 inhabitants || {{cvt|20|km}} east
|-
| '''Gibalbín''' || Rural neighbourhood || 550 inhabitants || {{cvt|30|km}} northeast
|-
| '''Guadalcacín''' || Village || 5,500 inhabitants || {{cvt|5|km}} northeast
|-
| '''Jerez de la Frontera (city)''' || City || 190,000 inhabitants ||
|-
| '''La Barca de la Florida''' || Village || 4,353 inhabitants || {{cvt|20|km}} east
|-
| '''La Corta''' || Rural neighbourhood || 550 inhabitants || {{cvt|3.8|km}} south
|-
| '''La Ina''' || Rural neighbourhood || 800 inhabitants || {{cvt|10|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Las Pachecas''' || Rural neighbourhood || 430 inhabitants || {{cvt|8|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Las Tablas, Polila y Añina''' || Rural neighbourhood || 400 inhabitants || {{cvt|6|km}} west
|-
| '''Lomopardo''' || Rural neighbourhood || 283 inhabitants || {{cvt|5|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Los Albarizones''' || Rural neighbourhood || 420 inhabitants || {{cvt|3.5|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Majarromaque''' || Rural neighbourhood || 500 inhabitants || {{cvt|26|km}} east
|-
| '''Mesas de Asta''' || Rural neighbourhood || 600 inhabitants || {{cvt|11|km}} east
|-
| '''Mesas de Santa Rosa''' || Rural neighbourhood || 300 inhabitants || {{cvt|5|km}} north
|-
| '''Nueva Jarilla''' || Village || 1,600 inhabitants || {{cvt|15|km}} northeast
|-
| '''Puente de la Guareña''' || Rural neighbourhood || 500 inhabitants || {{cvt|16|km}} east
|-
| '''Rajamancera''' || Rural neighbourhood  || 485 inhabitants || {{cvt|8|km}} southeast
|-
| '''San Isidro del Guadalete''' || Village || 650 inhabitants || {{cvt|15|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Torrecera''' || Village || 1,280 inhabitants || {{cvt|20|km}} southeast
|-
| '''Torremelgarejo''' || Rural neighbourhood || 730 inhabitants || {{cvt|10|km}} east
|}

===Immigration===
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="7" | {{center|'''Immigrant Population in Jerez (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerez.es/fileadmin/Documentos/Estadistica-demografia/POBLACION_EN_JEREZ_DE_LA_FRONTERA_procedencia_2011.pdf|title=Población en Jerez de la Frontera, según procedencia|website=jerez.es|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref>'''}}

|-
| {{center|'''Country / Area'''}}
| {{center|'''Men'''}}
| {{center|'''Women'''}}
| {{center|'''Total'''}}
| {{center|'''% Pop.'''}}

|-
| '''{{EU}}'''
| {{center|929}}
| {{center|913}}
| {{center|1842}}
| {{center|0,87%}}

|-
| {{GER}}
| {{center|109}}
| {{center|107}}
| {{center|216}}
| {{center|0,10%}}

|-
| {{POR}}
| {{center|60}}
| {{center|61}}
| {{center|121}}
| {{center|0,06%}}

|-
| {{FRA}}
| {{center|103}}
| {{center|124}}
| {{center|227}}
| {{center|0,11%}}

|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{center|124}}
| {{center|95}}
| {{center|219}}
| {{center|0,10%}}

|-
| {{UK}}
| {{center|193}}
| {{center|135}}
| {{center|328}}
| {{center|0,15%}}

|-
| {{ROM}}
| {{center|196}}
| {{center|227}}
| {{center|423}}
| {{center|0,20%}}

|-
| '''Non-EU Countries'''
| {{center|71}}
| {{center|187}}
| {{center|258}}
| {{center|0,12%}}

|-
| {{RUS}}
| {{center|7}}
| {{center|61}}
| {{center|68}}
| {{center|0,03%}}

|-
| {{UKR}}
| {{center|29}}
| {{center|91}}
| {{center|120}}
| {{center|0,06%}}

|-
| '''AFRICA'''
| {{center|608}}
| {{center|380}}
| {{center|988}}
| {{center|0,46%}}

|-
| {{MAR}}
| {{center|335}}
| {{center|244}}
| {{center|579}}
| {{center|0,27%}}

|-
| '''AMERICAS'''
| {{center|841}}
| {{center|1344}}
| {{center|2185}}
| {{center|1,03%}}

|-
| {{ARG}}
| {{center|67}}
| {{center|92}}
| {{center|159}}
| {{center|0,07%}}

|-
| {{BOL}}
| {{center|225}}
| {{center|396}}
| {{center|621}}
| {{center|0,29%}}

|-
| {{COL}}
| {{center|116}}
| {{center|196}}
| {{center|312}}
| {{center|0,15%}}

|-
| {{ECU}}
| {{center|57}}
| {{center|73}}
| {{center|130}}
| {{center|0,06%}}

|-
| {{PER}}
| {{center|38}}
| {{center|49}}
| {{center|87}}
| {{center|0,04%}}

|-
| '''ASIA'''
| {{center|165}}
| {{center|160}}
| {{center|325}}
| {{center|0,15%}}

|-
| {{CHN}}
| {{center|126}}
| {{center|112}}
| {{center|238}}
| {{center|0,11%}}

|-
| '''OTHERS'''
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0}}
| {{center|2}}
| {{center|0,001%}}

|-
| '''TOTAL'''
| {{center|2606}}
| {{center|2975}}
| {{center|5581}}
| {{center|2,62%}}

|}

==People==
{{main category|People from Jerez de la Frontera}}
[[File:Estatua Lola Flores Jerez.jpg|thumb|Lola Flores monument]]

* [[Dolores Agujetas]]
* [[Manuel Alejandro]]
* [[Mercedes Chilla]]
* [[Daniel Güiza]]
* [[Kiko (footballer, born 1972)|Kiko]]
* [[Lola Flores]]
* [[José Mercé]]
* [[Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca]]
* [[Gerardo Núñez]]
* [[Juan José Palomino Jiménez]]
* [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]]
* [[Mala Rodriguez]]
* [[Luis Coloma]], creator of ''Ratoncito Pérez''
* [[José Manuel Caballero|José Manuel Caballero Bonald]]
* [[Juan José Padilla]]
* [[Rafael de Paula]]
* [[Pilar Paz Pasamar]]
* [[Carlos González Ragel]]

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}}

===Twin towns – Sister cities===
Jerez de la Frontera is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arles]], France (29 July 1980)<ref name=hermanamientos>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jerez.es/webs_municipales/voluntariado/cooperacion/hermanamientos/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303173850/http://www.jerez.es/webs_municipales/voluntariado/cooperacion/hermanamientos/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-03-03|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Jerez de la Frontera|title=Hermanamientos}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Tequila, Jalisco|Tequila]], Mexico (27 April 1982)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bristol]], United Kingdom (2 December 1986)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cognac, France|Cognac]], France (16 September 1989)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kiyosu]], Japan (19 January 1994)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Biarritz]], France (21 March 1997)<ref name=hermanamientos /><ref name="Biarritz twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.biarritz.fr/Website/site/fra_vivreabiarritz_ensavoirplus_relationsinternationales_jumelages.htm |title=Twin towns, Biarritz official website |publisher=Biarritz.fr |access-date=2013-05-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729224912/http://www.biarritz.fr/Website/site/fra_vivreabiarritz_ensavoirplus_relationsinternationales_jumelages.htm |archive-date=2013-07-29 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Ciudad Juárez]], Mexico (30 January 1998)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Foz do Iguaçu]], Brazil (30 January 1998)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Zacatecas City|Zacatecas]], Mexico (28 June 2005)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|PER}} [[Pisco, Peru|Pisco]], Peru (29 November 2005)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|PER}} [[Moquegua]], Peru (29 November 2005)<ref name=hermanamientos />
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]], United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpasotexas.gov/mayor/newsletter_march07.asp |title=Mayor's Newsletter |publisher=www.elpasotexas.gov |access-date=2012-02-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213205414/http://www.elpasotexas.gov/mayor/newsletter_march07.asp |archive-date=2012-02-13 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Spain}}
* [[List of mayors of Jerez de la Frontera]]
* [[Monument to Primo de Rivera (Jerez)]]
* [[List of municipalities in Cádiz]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Jerez de la Frontera#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Jerez de la Frontera}}
* {{Cite book|title=I Coloquio Internacional "Los Extranjeros en la España Moderna"|year=2003|volume=1|pages=391–399|isbn=84-688-2633-2|chapter=Las comunidades extranjeras y la posesión de esclavos en el Jerez de la Frontera del siglo XVI|first=Manuel Jesús|last=Izco Reina|publisher=Universidad de Málaga |chapter-url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/830652.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|title=La imagen industrial de la ciudad. Jerez de la Frontera siglo XIX|first1=José Manuel|last1=Aladro Prieto|first2=Eduardo|last2=Mosquera Adell|doi=10.4995/ega.2018.9815|url=https://m.riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/100007/9815-36099-1-PB.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|pages=254–261|journal= EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica|volume=23|issue=32|issn=1133-6137|publisher=[[Universitat Politècnica de València]]|location=Valencia|year=2018|doi-access=free}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
 {{in lang|es}}
* [https://archive.today/20121209062055/http://www.aena-aeropuertos.es/jerez/en Jerez de la Frontera airport]
* [http://www.jereznews.com Jerez News], social digital newspaper
* [http://www.fmschmitt.com/travels/spain/Cádiz_province/Jerez-de-la-Frontera/alcazar.html Jerez eGuide]
* [http://jerez.tv Jerez.TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223000714/http://jerez.tv/ |date=2018-12-23 }}, tourism and videos from Jerez de la Frontera
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180329172639/http://jerez.zitymap.com/ City guide for Jerez]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101226021628/http://www.andaluciaevents.eu/ Andalucia Events]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103642/https://atdspain.com/en/service/jerez-seville-private-excursion Jerez from Seville]

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