View source for Jim Harris (politician)

{{Short description|Canadian politician}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Update|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jim Harris
| image = Jim Harris of the Green Party - 2008 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Harris in 2008
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1961|2|12}}
| birth_place = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada
| residence =
| office = [[List of leaders of the Green Party of Canada|Leader of the Green Party of Canada]]
| term_start = 14 February 2003
| term_end = 26 August 2006
| predecessor = [[Chris Bradshaw]]
| successor = [[Elizabeth May]]
| office2 = President of the [[Green Party of Ontario]]
| term_start2 = 2001
| term_end2 = 2003
| party = [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
| otherparty = [[Green Party of Ontario|Ontario Green]]
| website =
| alma_mater = [[Lakefield College School]]
| occupation = Author, [[management consultant]]
| cabinet =
}}

'''James R. M. Harris''' (born 12 February 1961{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}) is a Canadian author, environmentalist, and politician. He was leader of the [[Green Party of Canada]] from 2003 to 2006, when he was succeeded by [[Elizabeth May]].

==Early life and Green activism==
Harris was born in [[Toronto]], attended [[Lakefield College School]], and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History from [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] in the 1980s.<ref>"A sketch of Jim Harris, leader of the Green Party", ''Canadian Press NewsWire'', 25 November 2005.</ref> Initially a [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]],<ref>Tim Naumetz, "Greens enjoy upsurge in polls", ''CanWest News'', 13 April 2004, p. 1.</ref> he was converted to [[green politics]] in 1985 after reading ''Green Politics'' by [[Fritjof Capra]] and [[Charlene Spretnak]], which highlights the rise of the [[German Greens]]. Harris worked as the national press officer of the [[British Green Party]] in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/elections/fed2004/candidates/generated/35094_GRN.html |title=Jim Harris profile, ''Globe and Mail'', 2004 federal election. |website=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906214806/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/elections/fed2004/candidates/generated/35094_GRN.html |archive-date=6 September 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He helped organize the [[Green Party of Ontario|Ontario Green Party]]'s campaign in the [[1990 Ontario general election|1990 provincial election]], and was himself a candidate in the [[Toronto]] division of [[St. Andrew—St. Patrick]].<ref>Bruce DeMara, "Greens joins the race – quirks and all", ''Toronto Star'', 21 August 1990, A9.</ref> In this election, he spoke against a provincial government decision to build more nuclear reactors in the province.<ref>"St. Andrew-St. Patrick", ''Toronto Star'', 3 September 1990, A7.</ref> The Green Party fielded 40 candidates and received 33,000 votes, a significant increase from seven candidates and 3,000 votes in the previous [[1987 Ontario general election|1987 election]]. Harris finished fourth in his constituency.

Harris campaigned for [[Mayor of Toronto]] in the [[1991 Toronto municipal election|1991 municipal election]], as an independent candidate supporting green policies. He called for water conservation and a ban on city pesticide spraying, and supported stricter gun control.<ref>"City of Toronto Mayor, Councillors", ''Toronto Star'', 7 November 1991, G1.</ref> Considered a fringe candidate, he finished well behind frontrunners [[June Rowlands]] and [[Jack Layton]].

In 1993, Harris and other Ontario Greens sought and won a change in the party's constitution allowing for the election of a full-time leader. The party had been nominally led by Katherine Mathewson in the 1990 election, but she held little influence over the campaign or policy. Harris and others argued that electing a full-time leader would allow the Green Party to organize professionally, and present a united message in future elections. Harris stood for the leadership, and lost to [[Frank de Jong]]. De Jong later supported Harris in his bid to become federal leader, while Harris endorsed de Jong's bid for re-election as provincial leader in 2001.<ref>"Re-elect Frank de Jong as Leader of the Green Party of Ontario", web document, 2001. Harris's endorsement reads as follows: "I have only the greatest admiration for Frank de Jong. He is committed to Green Politics, he helps and nurtures people in the movement and has been tireless in building the party to a point where we will run candidates in all 103 ridings in Ontario. I can't think of anyone better qualified to lead the Ontario Greens into the 21st century."</ref>

Harris was a Toronto organizer for the federal Green Party for the [[1993 Canadian federal election|1993 election]], recruiting seventeen candidates in the area. New legislation brought in before the election required a party to run 50 candidate or suffer de-registration and lose its assets. By fielding seventeen candidates in the Toronto region (which then had roughly twenty-two ridings) the Toronto team presented over one-third of the national requirement. Harris stood for election in [[St. Paul's (electoral district)|St. Paul's]], and finished sixth.

Harris campaigned for leader of the Green Party of Canada in 1997, and finished second against [[Joan Russow]].<ref>[https://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews1997-2.pdf ''Alberta Green'' newsletter, Summer '97] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308222105/http://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews1997-2.pdf |date= 8 March 2016 }}. Rachelle Small finished third.</ref> He was elected as the first president of the Green Party of Ontario in 2001, and served in that capacity until moving to the federal arena in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harris |first=Jim |title=A Green Sabbatical |url=https://greenparty.ca/node/8646 |publisher=Green Party of Canada |access-date=30 April 2012 |date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506020852/https://www.greenparty.ca/node/8646 |archive-date= 6 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former Green Party leader available for provincial election commentary|url=http://huffstrategy.com/MediaManager/release/Jim-Harris/31-12-69/Former-Green-Party-leader-available-for-provincial-election-comme/2335.html|publisher=ecostrategy.ca|access-date=30 April 2012|date=12 September 2011}}</ref>

==Author and speaker==
Harris has written six books, two of which have been national best-sellers in Canada. He also delivers speeches on change and leadership in the corporate sector, and was forced to miss at least one campaign appearance in 2004 to fulfill a prior speaking engagement.<ref>"Green leader's day job derails campaign stop", ''Windsor Star'', 11 June 2004, A11.</ref> Association Magazine has ranked him as one of Canada's top speakers. He spoke at about fifty international conferences a year before becoming GPC leader, and conducts strategic planning sessions with executive teams on leadership, change, CRM, eLearning, innovation and creating [[learning organization]]s.

His second book, ''The Learning Paradox'', was nominated for the National Business Book Award in Canada and appeared on several bestseller lists. In this work, Harris argues that Canadians should embrace new learning to gain usable skills for a business community grounded in rapid technological change.<ref>Michael Kane, "Embrace learning, author says", ''Calgary Herald'', 31 October 1998, H1.</ref> Books for Business ranked it as one of the top-10 business books in North America. Harris co-authored the second edition of ''The 100 Best Companies to Work for in Canada'', which sold over 50,000 copies in Canada. A more recent book, ''Blindsided!'', has been published in over 80 countries.<ref>Jim Harris profile, ''Globe and Mail''.</ref>

==National leader==
===2004 campaign===
Harris was elected leader of the [[Green Party of Canada]] on 14 February 2003, defeating Jason Crummey and John Grogan with over 81% of the votes cast by delegates.<ref>[https://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews2003-1.pdf "Jim Harris – New Leader of the Green Party of Canada", ''Alberta Green'', Spring 2003] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308232923/http://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews2003-1.pdf |date= 8 March 2016 }} (Volume 15 Number 1), p. 1. Harris received 437 votes, Grogan 76 and Crummey 24.</ref> He replaced interim leader [[Chris Bradshaw]], who led the party from 2001 to 2003. In his campaign for the leadership, Harris asked the membership to elect his preferred slate of council candidates. Other than leadership contestants, council candidates were not given the membership list to use in their campaign despite the green party constitution clearly offering them that right.

Harris attempted to shift the GPC away from an exclusively environmentalist message, and often described the party's ideology as socially progressive and fiscally conservative and as the only party committed to sustainability.<ref>"Greens not quite what the seem", ''Toronto Star'', 14 June 2004, A18.</ref> He has rejected the argument that voting for the Greens will elect Conservative candidates through vote-splitting, arguing that his party takes support from across the traditional political spectrum.<ref>"Green Party won't pull a Nader, says leader", ''Edmonton Journal'', 29 May 2004, A4.</ref>

The party conducted a high-profile campaign in the 2004 election under Harris's leadership, running candidates in all federal ridings for the first time in its history. The 2004 GPC platform, produced by wiki technology called [[LivingPlatform]]. As such the GPC was the first party worldwide to use a wiki—and an open process—to develop its platform. More than 60,000 people participated in the final selection of platform planks.

The Living Platform emphasized [[full cost accounting]], the "[[triple bottom line]]" (social, financial, environmental) and the [[green tax shift]].<ref>[http://lp.greenparty.ca/tiki-index.php Green Party of Canada, Living Platform (online document)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828035346/http://lp.greenparty.ca/tiki-index.php |date=28 August 2005 }}.

The "green tax shift" is explained [http://lp.greenparty.ca/tiki-index.php?page=Green%20Tax%20Shift here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929132028/http://lp.greenparty.ca/tiki-index.php?page=Green%20Tax%20Shift |date=29 September 2007 }}.</ref> The party's fiscal policy proposed taxing polluting activities and non-renewable resources more and incomes less on a revenue-neutral basis. The plan also proposed selective tax cuts on corporate income, which alienated some left-of-centre Greens.

Despite their increased profile, Greens were not invited to the leadership debates. Harris complained of a double standard, as the [[Bloc Québécois]] had been included despite not fielding candidates in all ridings. The CRTC defended the right of the broadcasters' consortium to decide on participants and refused to overturn the party's exclusion.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050306215803/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/mini/CTVNews/1087326450459_82735650?s_name=election2004&no_ads= "Green's Harris protests debate exclusion again", CTV news, 15 July 2004, 16:32 report.]</ref>

On the eve of the 2004 election, Harris argued that as the NDP won nine seats with 6.9% of the vote in 1993, if the Greens would elect MPs if they could match or surpass that threshold.<ref>Jonathan Woodward, "Green Party leader hopes to score nine seats today", ''The Province'', 28 June 2004, A6.</ref> The party received 582,247 votes (4.3%), but failed to elect any candidates. Harris campaigned in [[Toronto—Danforth (federal electoral district)|Toronto—Danforth]] and finished fourth against [[New Democratic Party of Canada|New Democratic Party]] leader [[Jack Layton]] with 2,575 votes (5.4%) – 400 votes behind the Conservative candidate.

===Criticism and 2004 leadership challenge===
Harris's leadership of the Green Party was controversial. He described himself as an ecological conservative and [[eco-capitalist]], and attempted to shift the party to the right on some issues.<ref>Doug Ward, "Fiscal conservative now ecological conservative", ''Vancouver Sun'', 11 June 2004, A5.</ref> Some party members criticized Harris in August 2004 for hiring [[David Scrymgeour]], a former national director of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and aide to [[Jim Flaherty]], as an advisor.<ref>Bill Curry, "Controversial Tory joins Greens", ''Vancouver Sun'', 20 August 2004, A6.</ref> His opponents also accused him of shifting too much authority to the party leadership, while reducing the power of local associations.

Following the 2004 election, Harris was challenged for the leadership by Tom Manley, a prominent party activist from eastern Ontario. Manley argued that Harris was shifting the GPC too far to the right, and was abandoning the party's traditional emphasis on local production in favour of greater accommodation with corporate interests.<ref>Curry, "Controversial Tory"</ref> Harris won re-election as GPC leader in August 2004 on the first ballot count, though by a narrower margin than before.<ref>[http://web.greenparty.ca/gm29aug05.html Draft Minutes, Ninth General Convention of the Green Party of Canada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206132149/http://web.greenparty.ca/gm29aug05.html |date=6 February 2006 }}, 29 August 2004. Harris received 524 votes, against 352 for Manley and 74 for Grogan.</ref> Manley was later appointed deputy leader, but left the GPC in 2005 to join the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]].

A number of prominent Greens tendered their resignations during Harris's tenure as leader, with many accusing him of mismanaging the party.<ref>See for instance [http://openpolitics.ca/Hayley+Easto+resigns+GPC+nomination,+2005-06-29 Hayley Easto, resignation letter, 2005], [http://openpolitics.ca/Lise+Racicot+resigns+GPC+Council,+2005-06-10 Lise Racicot resigns GPC Council, 2005-06-10], [http://openpolitics.ca/Andy+Shadrack+resigns+GPC+Committee,+2005-06-15 Andy Shadrack resigns GPC Committee, 2005-06-15], [http://openpolitics.ca/Kate+Holloway+resigns+GPC+Council,+Committees+and+nomination,+2005-06-08 Kathryn Holloway resigns GPC Council, committees and nomination, 2005-06-08] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013317/http://openpolitics.ca/Kate+Holloway+resigns+GPC+Council,+Committees+and+nomination,+2005-06-08 |date=27 September 2007 }}, [http://openpolitics.ca/Michael+Oddy+resigns+GPC+Shadow+Cabinet,+2005-10-24 Michael Oddy resigns GPC Shadow Cabinet, 2005-10-24] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218030203/http://openpolitics.ca/Michael+Oddy+resigns+GPC+Shadow+Cabinet%2C+2005-10-24 |date=18 February 2011 }}. Some described the resignations as provoking a "crisis" in the Green Party. See for instance [http://openpolitics.ca/GPC+Council+Crisis this] site, produced by Wiki technology, which is critical of Harris's leadership. Former leader Joan Russow accused Harris of acting like a "dictator" in his management of the party. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203074030/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050519/jim_harris_bio_050518/20051129?s_name=election2006&no_ads= Mary Nersessian, "Jim Harris: Jump on the Green train", CTV news, Election 2006 report.]</ref>

Late in 2005, columnist Murray Dobbin wrote two articles accusing Harris of betraying the Green Party's progressive principles and using authoritarian methods to consolidate power. The second article, published in December 2005, noted that four of the party's eleven officers either resigned in protest or were suspended in the previous year, while a number of key positions were allowed to remain vacant. Dobbin also asserted that Harris's opponents believe he was responsible for undermining the "Living Platform", ignoring fundraising and policy development, and reducing party democracy.<ref>Murray Dobbin, "Green Party Blues", ''The Walrus'', July/August 2005 and [https://thetyee.ca/Views/2005/12/16/GreensArentGreen/ Murray Dobbin, "Why the Greens aren't very Green", ''The Tyee'', 16 December 2005.]</ref>

Harris's supporters accused Dobbin of conducting a partisan smear campaign and of ignoring Harris's environmental credentials. Bill Hulet also defended Harris's efforts to reform the party structure, describing the existing system as an "absolute nightmare" because of consensus policy requirements that give small minorities the right to override majority decisions.<ref>[http://www.greenpartyreview.ca/articles/?p=10 Bill Hulet, review of "Green Party Blues", GreenPartyReview.ca, 18 July 2005.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060223055427/http://www.greenpartyreview.ca/articles/?p=10 |date=23 February 2006 }}</ref> Harris has defended his record as party leader, noting that membership increased significantly during his tenure rising from approximately 700 members in the summer of 2003 to over 10,000 on the eve of the 2006 Leadership Convention.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060203074030/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050519/jim_harris_bio_050518/20051129?s_name=election2006&no_ads= Mary Nersessian, "Jim Harris: Jump on the Green Train"], CTV.ca, 2006; See also Kate Jaimet, "The blossoming of the Green party", ''Ottawa Citizen'', 13 May 2006, B4.</ref>

===2006 campaign===
As in 2004, Harris unsuccessfully called for the Green Party to be included in the televised leadership debates for the [[2006 Canadian federal election|2006 election]].<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1133700724631&call_pageid=968332188492 "Greens seeing red over televised election debates", ''Toronto Star'', 4 December 2005, 04:50 report.]</ref> Three days before the election, he predicted that his party would win one million votes.<ref>Mike Sadava, "Greens expect a million votes", ''Edmonton Journal'', 21 January 2006, A5.</ref> The Greens increased their total to 665,940 votes (4.5%), but again failed to elect any candidates. Harris was a candidate in [[Beaches—East York (federal electoral district)|Beaches—East York]], and finished fourth against Liberal incumbent [[Maria Minna]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

The GPC's internal divisions were exposed during the election when former assistant national organizer Matthew Pollesel, who left the Green Party following a contract dispute, accused Harris of mismanaging the party's finances. Pollesel charged that money had been spent without proper reporting, and called for [[Elections Canada]] to investigate possible wrongdoing.<ref>Philip Jalsevac, "Greens believe in their leader", 20 December 2005, ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', A5.</ref> In addition, Dana Miller, a former party candidate who was not permitted to run in 2006, later called on Elections Canada to investigate Harris's expenses from the 2004 leadership contest.<ref>Dennis Bueckert, "New complaint aimed at Greens", ''Calgary Herald'', 29 December 2005, A4.</ref> Harris described the accusation as "false, groundless and scurrilous",<ref>Mary Agnes Welch, "Green Party leader to sue ex-worker", ''Winnipeg Free Press'', 20 December 2005, A6.</ref> and the party threatened a libel lawsuit in each case, though no suits were actually filed. On 24 April 2006, Jim Harris announced that he would not stand for re-election as party leader at the Green Party of Canada's [[Green Party of Canada leadership election, 2006|August 2006 National Convention]].<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060424.wxgreen24/BNStory/National/home "Harris to give up on Green leadership"] {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Globe and Mail'', 24 April 2006.</ref> On 26 August 2006, he was succeeded as leader by long-time environmental activist and former [[Sierra Club of Canada]] Executive Director [[Elizabeth May]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

==Post-leadership==
Harris has remained active in the Green Party, maintaining blogs on the websites of both the federal Green Party and the Ontario Green Party. He continues to actively campaign for Green candidates.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://greenparty.ca/en/node/4716 |title=Green Party of Canada {{!}} Former PM Joe Clark a "political orphan" |work= greenparty.ca |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214154649/http://greenparty.ca/en/node/4716 |archive-date=14 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His Twitter profile is currently promoting [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite Twitter profile|JimHarris}}</ref>

==Electoral record==

=== Federal elections ===
{{2006 Canadian federal election/Beaches—East York}}
{{2004 Canadian federal election/Toronto—Danforth}}
{{1997 Canadian federal election/Toronto Centre—Rosedale}}
{{Canadian election result/top|CA|1993|St. Paul's (electoral district)|percent=yes|change=yes}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|[[Barry Campbell]]|27,878|54.4|+13.6}}
{{CANelec|CA|PC|[[Isabel Bassett]]|12,500|24.4|-23.1}}
{{CANelec|CA|Reform|Paul Chaplin|5,707|11.1|}}
{{CANelec|CA|NDP|David Jacobs|2,629|5.1|-4.9}}
{{CANelec|CA|National|Mario Godlewski|1,253|2.4|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Green|Jim Harris|491|1.0|+0.3}}
{{CANelec|CA|Natural Law|Rick C. Weberg|314|0.6|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Independent|Jim Conrad|262|0.5|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Libertarian|Rick Stenhouse|107|0.2|-0.4}}
{{CANelec|CA|Marxist-Leninist|David Gershuny|87|0.2|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Abolitionist|Marion Velma Joyce|19|0.0|}}
{{CANelec|CA|Commonwealth of Canada|Mike Twose|10|0.0|}}
{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes| 51,257|100.0}}
{{end}}

=== Provincial elections ===
{{1990 Ontario general election/St. Andrew—St. Patrick}}The federal and provincial electoral information is taken from [[Elections Canada]] and [[Elections Ontario]]. Italicized expenditures from elections after 1997 refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. Expenditures from 1997 refer to submitted totals.

=== Municipal elections ===
{{1991 Toronto municipal election/Mayor of Toronto}}

The above results are taken from the ''[[Toronto Star]]'' newspaper, November 14, 1991, E8.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.jimharris.com Jim Harris' business web site]
*[https://archive.today/20100825231702/http://www.nationalpost.com/opinion/columnists/jim-harris.html Jim Harris' National Post column (June 2009–present)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090720042041/http://www.backbonemag.com/Magazine/Jim_Harris/ Jim Harris' Column in Backbone Magazine (2003–present)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208140206/http://greenparty.ca/en/blog/358 Jim Harris' political blog (2003–2008)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061017011415/http://www.greenparty.ca/jimharris.html~%26MMN_position%3D122%3A13.html Green Party of Canada: Jim Harris]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070206043032/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20050519/jim_harris_bio_050518/20051129 CTV bio]
*[http://www.walrusmagazine.com/articles/2005.07-politics-canada-green-party/ Green Party Blues Walrus Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007170526/http://www.walrusmagazine.com/articles/2005.07-politics-canada-green-party/ |date=7 October 2008 }}

{{GPC Leaders}}
{{Canadian federal election, 2006A}}
{{Canadian federal election, 2004A}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Jim}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Green Party of Canada candidates in the 1993 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Green Party of Canada candidates in the 1997 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election]]
[[Category:Green Party of Canada leaders]]
[[Category:Queen's University at Kingston alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Toronto]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Green Party of Ontario]]
[[Category:Ontario municipal politicians]]
[[Category:Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament]]