View source for Jimmie Davis

{{short description|American singer, songwriter, and 47th Governor of Louisiana (1899–2000)}}
{{Other people|James Davis}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Jimmie Davis
| image               = Jimmie Davis 1962.jpg
| caption             = Davis in 1962
| order               = 47th [[List of governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]]
| term_start          = May 10, 1960
| term_end            = May 12, 1964
| lieutenant          = [[Taddy Aycock]]
| predecessor         = [[Earl Long]]
| successor           = [[John McKeithen]]
| term_start1         = May 9, 1944
| term_end1           = May 11, 1948
| lieutenant1         = [[J. Emile Verret]]
| predecessor1        = [[Sam H. Jones]]
| successor1          = Earl Long
| birth_name          = James Houston Davis
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1899|9|11}}
| birth_place         = [[Quitman, Louisiana]], U.S.
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2000|11|5|1899|9|11}}
| death_place         = [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], U.S.
| resting_place       = Jimmie Davis Tabernacle Cemetery, Quitman, Louisiana
| spouse              = Alvern Adams (died 1967)<br/>{{marriage|Anna Gordon|Dec. 9, 1968}}
| children            = 1
| profession          = Singer, songwriter, former educator, politician
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| footnotes           = 
| education           = [[Louisiana Christian University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[Louisiana State University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
}}

[[Image:Jimmie Davis homestead c. 1900 in Jackson Parish, LA IMG 5816.JPG|right|thumb|Davis homestead in [[Jackson Parish, Louisiana|Jackson Parish]]]]

'''James Houston Davis''' (September 11, 1899 – November 5, 2000) was an American singer, songwriter, and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. After achieving fame for releasing both sacred and popular songs, Davis served as the 47th [[governor of Louisiana]] from 1944 to 1948 and again from 1960 to 1964. 

Davis was a nationally popular [[country music]] and [[gospel singer]] from the 1930s into the 1960s, helping country music gain appeal beyond the rural southern U.S. and occasionally recording and performing as late as the early 1990s. His most popular song, a cover of "[[You Are My Sunshine]]", was released in 1940 and would become Louisiana's official state song. He appeared as himself in a number of Hollywood movies. He was inducted into six halls of fame, including the [[Country Music Hall of Fame]], the [[Southern Gospel Music Association]] Hall of Fame, and the [[Louisiana Music Hall of Fame]]. 

First elected in [[1944 Louisiana gubernatorial election|1944]], Davis served two non-consecutive terms as governor of Louisiana, during which he implemented the first driver's licensing, public employee pension, and civil service systems in Louisiana and opposed [[Racial segregation in the United States|desegregation]]. At the time of his death in 2000, he was the oldest living former governor as well as the last living governor to have been born in the 19th century.

==Early life and career==

=== Childhood and birth date confusion ===
Davis was born in [[Quitman, Louisiana]], as one of 11 children to sharecropper parents.<ref name="singing governor"/> He was not sure of his date of birth; according to ''[[The New York Times]]'', "Various newspaper and magazine articles over the last 70 years said he was born in 1899, 1901, 1902 or 1903. He told The New York Times several years ago that his sharecropper parents could never recall just when he was born – he was, after all, one of 11 children – and that he had not had the slightest idea when it really was."<ref name="singing governor">{{cite news|last=Severo|first=Richard|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2000/11/06/national/06DAVI.html|title=Jimmie Davis, Louisiana's Singing Governor, Is Dead|date=November 6, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Oliver 2000">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-07-me-48244-story.html|title=Jimmie Davis; 'Singing Governor' Spread Sunshine|first=Myrna|last=Oliver|date=November 7, 2000|access-date=July 26, 2025|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320154400/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-07-me-48244-story.html|archive-date=March 20, 2023}}</ref> The birth date listed on his Country Music Hall of Fame plaque is September 11, 1904.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/awards/jimmie-davis-country-music-hall-of-fame-plaque-presented-to-country-gospel-singer-songwriter-former-louisiana-governor-jim/a/622-21201.s|title=Jimmie Davis Country Music Hall of Fame Plaque. Presented - Lot #21201 - Heritage Auctions|access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref>

=== Education ===
Davis graduated from Beech Springs High School and [[Soule Business College]], before completing a bachelor's degree at Louisiana College (now [[Louisiana Christian University]]) in 1924.<ref>Patrick Kavanaugh and Barbara Kavanaugh, ''Devotions from the World of Music'' (2000), p. 326.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lcuniversity.edu/mann-presents-lcu-with-copy-of-gov-jimmie-davis-book/|title= Mann presents LCU with copy of Gov. Jimmie Davis book  |publisher=Louisiana Christian University|date=January 29, 2025|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref> He graduated from [[Louisiana State University]] in 1927 with a [[Master of Arts]] in psychology; his thesis, which examines the intelligence levels of different races, is titled ''Comparative Intelligence of Whites, Blacks and Mulattoes.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lsu.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/lsu/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_LSU$002f0$002fSD_LSU:1955955/one|title=Comparative intelligence of whites, blacks and mulattoes|website=Louisiana State University Library Catalog|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref>

=== Career beginnings ===
During the late 1920s, Davis taught history and social studies for a year at the former [[Dodd College|Dodd College for Girls]] in [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]. The college president, Monroe E. Dodd, who was also the pastor of First Baptist Church of Shreveport and a radio preacher, invited Davis to serve on the faculty.<ref name="Beacham">{{cite web |title=Jimmie Davis, country singer and former two-term governor of Louisiana, was born 123 years ago today |url=https://www.beachamjournal.com/journal/2022/09/jimmie-davis-country-singer-and-former-two-term-governor-of-louisiana-was-born-123-years-ago-today.html |website=Frank Beacham's Journal |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=October 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024224234/https://www.beachamjournal.com/journal/2022/09/jimmie-davis-country-singer-and-former-two-term-governor-of-louisiana-was-born-123-years-ago-today.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> During his teaching career, Davis also performed music on Friday nights for Shreveport radio station [[KWKH]].<ref name="Times Picayune"/><ref name="Gray 2000"/>

==Musical career==
Davis became a commercially successful singer of rural music before he entered politics. His "smooth vocal style...helped popularize country music far beyond its original rural southern audience," wrote Michael Gray for [[Country Music Television|Country.com]] in 2000.<ref name="Gray 2000"/> Davis signed his first recording contract with [[Victor Talking Machine Company]] in 1929.<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|last=Bush|first=John|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jimmie-davis-mn0000778332#biography|title=Jimmie Davis|publisher=allmusic|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref><ref name="country.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.country.com/gen/music/artist/jimmie-h-davis.html|title=Jimmie H. Davis|publisher=Country.com|year=2000|access-date=July 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001206134400/http://www.country.com/gen/music/artist/jimmie-h-davis.html|archive-date=December 6, 2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> His early work was in the style of country music singer [[Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmie Rodgers]].<ref name=allmusic /><ref name="Gray 2000"/> Davis was also known for recording energetic and raunchy [[blues]] tunes, such as "Red Nightgown Blues" and "Tom Cat and Pussy Blues", which political opponents such as [[Huey Long]] would cite in negative campaigning.<ref name="Gray 2000"/><ref name="country.com"/> Some of these records included slide guitar accompaniment by black bluesman [[Oscar "Buddy" Woods]].<ref name="LarkinCountry">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Who's Who of Country Music]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|date=1993|edition=First|isbn=0-85112-726-6|pages=108/9}}</ref>

In 1934, Davis signed with [[Decca Records]] and achieved his first major hit, "Nobody's Darlin' But Mine".<ref name=allmusic /><ref name="Gray 2000"/><ref name="Oliver 2000"/>

Davis would record his most successful song, a rendition of the traditional "[[You Are My Sunshine]]", in 1940.<ref name=allmusic /> There would be over 300 covers, including in 1941 by [[Gene Autry]] and [[Bing Crosby]].<ref name="Gray 2000"/> In 1977, Louisiana Governor [[Edwin Edwards]] signed a bill designating "You Are My Sunshine" as Louisiana's official state song.<ref name="Oliver 2000"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/louisiana/state-song/you-are-my-sunshine|title=You Are My Sunshine|publisher=State Symbols USA|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref> In 1999, the song was honored with a [[Grammy Hall of Fame Award]], and the [[Recording Industry Association of America]] named it one of the [[Songs of the Century]]. "You Are My Sunshine" was ranked in 2003 as No. 73 on ''CMT's 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music''. 

Davis often performed during his campaign stops when running for governor of Louisiana. After being elected in 1944, he became known as the "singing governor." While governor, he had a No. 1 hit single in 1945 with "[[There's a New Moon Over My Shoulder]]".<ref name="LarkinCountry"/>

On September 15, 1951, Davis performed for the first time at the [[Grand Ole Opry]].<ref name="Times Picayune"/>

A long-time [[Southern Baptist]], Davis recorded a number of [[Southern gospel]] albums.<ref name="LarkinCountry"/> In 1967 he served as president of the [[Gospel Music Association]]. He was a close friend of the [[North Dakota]]-born band leader [[Lawrence Welk]], who frequently reminded viewers of his television program of his association with Davis.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

A number of his songs were used as part of motion picture soundtracks. Davis appeared in half a dozen films, including one starring [[Ozzie and Harriet]], who had a TV series under their names. Members of Davis's last band included Allen "Puddler" Harris of [[Lake Charles, Louisiana|Lake Charles]]. He had served as pianist for singer [[Ricky Nelson]] early in his career.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Davis was also a close acquaintance of the country singer-songwriter [[Hank Williams]], with whom he co-wrote the top-10 hit<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hpcisp.com/~turp/egbbcharts.html|title=Articles|website=Hpcisp.com|access-date=December 31, 2019|archive-date=March 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328153346/http://hpcisp.com/~turp/egbbcharts.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> "[[(I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle]]" in 1951, supposedly on a fishing day they spent together. They also performed together on KWKH's ''[[Louisiana Hayride]]''.<ref name="Times Picayune"/>

===Singles===
[[File:Jimmie Davis Hall of Fame plaque, 2003 IMG 6904.JPG|thumb|Davis was [[Posthumous recognition|posthumously]] inducted in 2003 into the [[Delta Music Museum]] Hall of Fame in [[Ferriday, Louisiana]]]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Single
! style="width:45px;"| <small>[[Hot Country Songs|US Country]]</small>
|-
| 1934
| "Nobody's Darling but Mine"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
|-
| 1937
| "Nobody's Darling but Mine"           Jimmie Davis With Charles Mitchell And His Texan
| style="text-align:center;"| —
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1938
| "Meet Me Tonight in Dreamland"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
|-
| "There's a Gold Mine in the Sky"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.45worlds.com/78rpm/record/5473|title=78 Record: Jimmie Davis - There's A Gold Mine In The Sky (1938)|website=45worlds.com|access-date=December 31, 2019}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| —
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1939
| "Two More Years (and I’ll Be Free)"<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 30, 1939|title=The Billboard December 30, 1939 p146|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| "It Makes No Difference Now"<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 26, 1939|title=The Billboard August 26, 1939 p129|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>	
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| "The Last Trip of the Old Ship"<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 25, 1939|title=The Billboard November 25, 1939 p68|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| "Memories"<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 27, 1939|title=The Billboard May 27, 1939 p69|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 25, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>	
| style="text-align:center;"| 5
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1940
| "I’d Love to Call You My Sweetheart"<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 30, 1940|title=The Billboard March 30, 1940 p69|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| "Baby Your Mother"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| "You're as Welcome as the Flowers in May"<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 28, 1940|title=The Billboard September 28, 1940 p70|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
| "[[You Are My Sunshine]]"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
|-
| 1941
| "I'm Sorry Now"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holder|first=Sara H.|date=March 2004|title=The Internet Hockey Database2004107Ralph Slate. The Internet Hockey Database. Springfield, MA, August 1998 to date. Gratis URL: www.hockeydb.com. Last visited November 2003|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410521268|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=18|issue=2|pages=59–60|doi=10.1108/09504120410521268|issn=0950-4125|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| rowspan="8"| 1942
| "I've Got My Heart on My Sleeve"
| style="text-align:center;"| 3	
|-
| "You'll Be Sorry"
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| "Sweethearts or Strangers"<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 28, 1942|title=The Billboard February 28, 1942 p60|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard-Magazine.htm|access-date=August 24, 2021|website=worldradiohistory.com}}</ref>	
| style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
| "I Loved You Once"
| style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
| "Don't You Cry Over Me"
| style="text-align:center;"| 6
|-
| "The End of the World"
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
|-
| "What More Can I Say"
| style="text-align:center;"| 8
|-
| "I'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes"
| style="text-align:center;"| 10
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1943
| "Columbus Stockade Blues"
| style="text-align:center;"| 2
|-
| "Where Is My Boy Tonight"
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
|-
| "I'm Knocking at Your Door Again"
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
|-
| "I Dreamed of an Old Love Affair"
| style="text-align:center;"| 8
|-
| "A Sinner's Prayer"
| style="text-align:center;"| 13
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1944
| "Is It Too Late Now"
| style="text-align:center;"| 3
|-
| "There's a Chill on the Hill Tonight"
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| 1945
| "[[There's a New Moon Over My Shoulder]]"
| style="text-align:center;"| 1
|-
| 1946
| "Grievin' My Heart Out for You"
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| 1947
| "Bang Bang"
| style="text-align:center;"| 4
|-
| 1951
| "[[(I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle]]"
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
|-
| 1962
| "Where the Old Red River Flows"
| style="text-align:center;"| 15
|}

==Political career==
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2018}}
[[File:Cork oak tree planted and dedicated by the Honorable Jimmie H. Davis.jpg|thumbnail|left|Cork oak tree planted and dedicated by Davis]]
In 1938, Davis became public safety commissioner for Shreveport's [[city commission]] government and was promoted to the [[Louisiana Public Service Commission]] in 1942.<ref name="Gray 2000"/> 

===First term as governor (1944–1948)===
{{See also|Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1944}}
Davis was elected governor as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] in 1944. Among those eliminated in the primary were [[Louisiana State Legislature|State Senator]] [[Ernest S. Clements]] of [[Oberlin, Louisiana|Oberlin]] in [[Allen Parish, Louisiana|Allen Parish]], freshman [[U.S. Representative]] [[James H. Morrison]] of [[Hammond, Louisiana|Hammond]] in [[Tangipahoa Parish]], and [[Sam Caldwell]], the [[List of mayors of Shreveport, Louisiana|mayor of Shreveport]]. Davis and Caldwell had served together earlier in Shreveport municipal government.

In the [[runoff election|runoff]], Davis defeated [[Lewis L. Morgan]], an elderly attorney and former [[U.S. representative]] from [[Covington, Louisiana|Covington]], the seat of [[St. Tammany Parish]], who had been backed by former Governor [[Earl Kemp Long]] and [[mayor of New Orleans|New Orleans Mayor]] [[Robert Maestri]]. In the runoff, Davis received 251,228 (53.6 percent) to Morgan's 217,915 (46.4 percent).

Louisiana established its first civil service system under Davis,<ref name="singing governor"/> who appointed two of the leaders of the [[Impeachment in the United States|impeachment]] effort against [[Huey Long]]. He named [[Cecil Morgan]] of Shreveport to the Louisiana Civil Service Commission. Morgan was succeeded in the Louisiana House by [[Rupert Peyton]] of Shreveport, who also served as an aide to Davis. In addition, Davis retained the anti-Long [[Ralph Norman Bauer]] of [[St. Mary Parish, Louisiana|St. Mary Parish]] as House speaker, a selection made originally in 1940 by Sam Jones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lahistory.org/site36.php|title=Smith, James Monroe|work=A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography ([[Louisiana Historical Association]])|access-date=March 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716204559/http://www.lahistory.org/site36.php|archive-date=July 16, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Earl Long was seeking the [[Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana|lieutenant governorship]] on the Lewis Morgan "ticket" and led in the first primary in 1944, but he lost the runoff to [[J. Emile Verret]] of [[New Iberia, Louisiana|New Iberia]], then the president of the [[Iberia Parish School Board]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

Davis kept his hand in show business, and set a record for absenteeism during his first term. He made numerous trips to [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] to make Western "[[horse operas]]."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mathur |first=Monika |date=June 23, 2009|title=A look at odd behavior by US governors|journal=Associated Press|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jQ7_25-eKs8eU2rs504vDLRpD6dAD990JHEG0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713195429/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jQ7_25-eKs8eU2rs504vDLRpD6dAD990JHEG0|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2009|access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>

Under the [[term limit]] provision of the state constitution then in effect, Davis was limited to a single non-consecutive term in office.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

During Davis’s first term as governor, a number of progressive measures were carried out including increased welfare benefits, new tuberculosis hospitals, and a near-doubling of a per-pupil appropriation for education. This latter measure gave education “the biggest boost in the state’s history,” according to one observer.<ref>The Story of Louisiana: Biographical Volume 2 of The Story of Louisiana, by Edwin Adams Davis, 1960, P.100</ref> Additionally, Davis signed legislation creating a driver's licensing system, even going as far as to be the first licensed driver under this system.<ref name="singing governor"/><ref name="Advocate 2000">{{cite news|last=Redman|first=Carl|last2=Dunne|first2=Mike|url=http://www.theadvocate.com/news/story.asp?StoryID=17356|title=Jimmie Davis dies|work=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]|place=Baton Rouge|date=November 6, 2000|page=1A|access-date=July 26, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010630172340/http://www.theadvocate.com/news/story.asp?StoryID=17356|archive-date=June 30, 2001|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other legislation signed by Davis funded the construction of new hospitals and roads, raised teachers' salaries, and created the state employee pension fund, the Louisiana State Employees’ Retirement System (LASERS).<ref name="singing governor"/><ref name=LASERS>{{cite web|url=https://lasersonline.org/2021/02/jimmie-davis/|title= Governor James “Jimmie” Houston Davis|publisher=Louisiana State Employees' Retirement System|date=2021|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Advocate 2000"/>

===The election of 1959–1960===
{{See also|Louisiana gubernatorial election, 1959-60}}
When he became a candidate for a second term in 1959–60, Davis had been out of office for nearly a dozen years. In a later study of this election, three Louisiana State University [[political science|political scientist]]s described him by the following:

<blockquote>Davis has all the external attributes of a "man of the people", but his serious political connections seem to be with the [parish-seat] elite and its allies, particularly the major industrial combinations of the state. He is in many respects a toned-down version of the old-style southern politician who could spellbound the mass of voters into supporting him regardless of the effects of his programs on their welfare. ... Davis creates the perfect image of a man to be trusted and one whose intense calm is calculated to bring rational balance into the political life of the state.<ref>William C. Havard, Rudolf Heberle, and [[Perry H. Howard]], ''The Louisiana Elections of 1960'', [[Baton Rouge]]: [[Louisiana State University]] Studies, 1963, pg. 40</ref></blockquote>

Pledging to fight for continued [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] in public education in the wake of such court decisions as ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', Davis won the Democratic gubernatorial nomination over [[William M. Rainach]] and [[deLesseps Story Morrison|deLesseps Morrison]].<ref name="singing governor"/><ref name="Gray 2000"/>

Davis ran second in the primary to Morrison, considered an anti-Long liberal by Louisiana standards. He defeated Morrison in the party runoff held on January 9, 1960. As African Americans (who had supported the Republican Party after the Civil War) were still largely [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disenfranchised]] in Louisiana, the Democratic primary was the only competitive race for office in the one-party state.

It has been reported that had General [[Curtis LeMay]] turned down [[George C. Wallace]]'s offer to be his candidate for vice president in 1968 on the [[American Independent Party]] ticket, that Wallace was ready to announce Davis as his selection for vice president. Other sources say Wallace's second choice was the former [[governor of Arkansas]] [[Orval Faubus]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902367,00.html|title=The Campaign: George's General|date=October 11, 1968|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=December 31, 2019}}</ref>

===Second term (1960–1964)===
As part of his support of segregation, Davis initiated passage of state legislation to create the [[Louisiana State Sovereignty Commission]], which operated from 1960 to 1967. It "espoused states rights, anti-communist and segregationist ideas, with a particular focus on maintaining the status quo in race relations. It was closely allied with the Louisiana Joint Legislative Committee on Un-American Activities."<ref name="amistad">[http://amistadresearchcenter.tulane.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=1129 "Louisiana State Sovereignty Commission"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205053649/http://amistadresearchcenter.tulane.edu/archon/?p=creators%2Fcreator&id=1129 |date=December 5, 2019 }}, Amistad Research Center, Tulane University; Sources: Adam Fairclough. ''Race and Democracy: The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972''. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1995.</ref> It was modeled after Mississippi's commission, established in 1956 to resist integration. Davis tapped [[Frank Voelker Jr.]], City Attorney of [[Lake Providence, Louisiana|Lake Providence]], to chair the newly established Commission. It was given unusual {{clarify|date=January 2018}} powers to investigate state citizens, and used its authority to exert economic pressure to suppress civil rights activists. Voelker left the commission in 1963 to run for governor but placed poorly in the primary; he withdrew and supported other candidates.<ref>Havard, Heberle, and Howard, ''The Louisiana Election of 1960'', pg. 99<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed, if any --></ref>

===Political legacy===
Davis established a State Retirement System and funding of more than $100&nbsp;million in public improvements, while leaving the state with a $38&nbsp;million surplus after his first term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.state.la.us/67.htm|title=Louisiana Secretary of State<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=July 17, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812153046/http://www.sec.state.la.us/67.htm|archive-date=August 12, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref> During his time as governor, Davis raised expenditure on health, education and highways while extending several social welfare programs. New charity hospitals and trade schools were also built, while educational programs for developmentally disabled children were launched.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://64parishes.org/jimmie-davis|title=Jimmie Davis: The Sunshine Governor|website=64parishes.org|date=December 1, 2015|access-date=October 18, 2025}}</ref> Furthermore, taxes did not increase during his administrations.<ref name="Advocate 2000"/><ref name="Times Picayune"/>

Earl Long once remarked that Davis was so relaxed and low-key that one could not "wake up Jimmie Davis with an earthquake".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/08/opinion/carville-democrats-could-lose/index.html|title=Carville: Wake up Democrats; you could lose |publisher=CNN|author=James Carville|date=May 8, 2012 |access-date=July 26, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120702120836/www.cnn.com/2012/05/08/opinion/carville-democrats-could-lose/index.html|archive-date=July 2, 2012|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref>

Public relations specialist [[Gus Weill]], who worked in the Davis campaign in 1959, wrote a biography of the former governor in 1977, entitled ''You Are My Sunshine,'' based on Davis' best-known song.<ref>''You Are My Sunshine: The Jimmie Davis Story, An Affectionate Biography'' ([[Baton Rouge]]: [[Pelican Publishing Company]], 1977); {{ISBN|0882896601}} (0-88289-660-1)</ref>

==Personal life==
[[Image:Eglin House in Shreveport IMG 1571.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Davis married the former Alvern Adams in this historic Shreveport house in the Highlands neighborhood. It was formerly owned by the Eglins, the maternal grandparents of [[John McKeithen|John J. McKeithen]].<ref>Source: Historic marker, Eglin House in Shreveport</ref>]]

Davis's first wife, the former Alvern Adams, the daughter of a physician in Shreveport, was the first lady while he was governor during both terms. A little over a year after Alvern's death in 1967, Davis married the widowed Anna Gordon (February 15, 1917 &ndash; March 5, 2004) in a small ceremony in Ringgold, Georgia on December 9, 1968 ([[The Tennessean]]).  Anna was born Effie Juanita Carter and had been a founding member of the gospel quartet [[The Chuck Wagon Gang]] along with her father, a sister and a brother.  She had been given the stage name "Anna" during the mid-1930s. Davis was a longtime fan of the group, who were gospel music pioneers with more than 36 million records sold in forty years of affiliation with [[Columbia Records]].

[[Image:Jimmie Davis grave marker IMG 5808.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Davis' grave located in a small cemetery behind the tabernacle]]

In January 2000, Davis was hospitalized in Baton Rouge after a fall.<ref name="Gray 2000"/> Davis died in his sleep on November 5, 2000.<ref name="Times Picayune">{{cite news|last=Wardlaw|first=Jack|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=0D10F2CADB4B24C0&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F968ED3B715B50A|title=Ex-Gov. Jimmie Davis is dead|work=The Times-Picayune|place=New Orleans|date=November 6, 2000|access-date=July 26, 2025|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He had suffered a fall in his home some ten months earlier and may have had a [[stroke]] in his last days. He is interred alongside his first wife at the Jimmie Davis Tabernacle Cemetery in his native Beech Springs community near Quitman.<ref name="Gray 2000">{{cite web|last=Gray|first=Michael|url=http://www.country.com/article/mus-news-new/jimmie-davis-death-1100.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001209031400/http://www.country.com:80/article/mus-news-new/jimmie-davis-death-1100.html|archive-date=December 9, 2000|url-status=dead|title='You Are My Sunshine' Singer Jimmie Davis Dead at 101|date=November 5, 2000|publisher=[[CMT (American TV channel)|Country.com]]|access-date=July 26, 2025}}</ref>

Davis was aged 101 years and 55 days, which made him the longest-lived of all U.S. state governors at the time of his death. Davis held this record until March 18, 2011, when [[Albert Rosellini]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington]] achieved a greater lifespan of 101 years, 262 days.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.adn.com/article/20111203/little-anchorage-history-anyone|title=A little Anchorage history, anyone?|last=Dunham|first=Mike|work=Alaska Dispatch News|date=December 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113225415/http://www.adn.com/article/20111203/little-anchorage-history-anyone|archive-date=January 13, 2015|access-date=July 26, 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historylink.org/file/5156|title=Rosellini, Albert Dean (1910-2011)|last=Crowley|first=Walt|publisher=History Link|date=October 11, 2011|access-date=July 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023091938/http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=5156|archive-date=October 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Honors==
[[Image:Jimmie Davis Bridge, Shreveport, LA IMG 1555.JPG|200px|thumb|The Jimmie Davis Bridge over the [[Red River of the South|Red River]] on Louisiana State Highway 511, connecting [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]] and [[Bossier City, Louisiana|Bossier City]]]]
[[Image:Jimmie Davis Tabernacle, LA IMG 5817.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Jimmie Davis Tabernacle west of [[Quitman, Louisiana|Quitman]]]]

The Jimmie Davis Tabernacle is located near Weston in Jackson Parish. The tabernacle hosts occasional gospel singing. At the site is a replica of the Davis homestead (c. 1900) and of the Peckerwood Hill Store, an old [[general store]] that served the community.

Davis was inducted into the [[Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame]] in 1971, the [[Country Music Hall of Fame]] in 1972, the [[Southern Gospel Music Association]] Hall of Fame in 1997 and The [[Louisiana Music Hall of Fame]] in 2008. In 1993, Davis was among the first thirteen inductees of the [[Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame]] in [[Winnfield, Louisiana|Winnfield]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofwinnfield.com/museum.html|title=Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame|website=Cityofwinnfield.com|access-date=August 22, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703054258/http://cityofwinnfield.com/museum.html|archive-date=July 3, 2009}}</ref>
 
The Davis archives of papers and photographs is housed in the "You Are My Sunshine" Collection of the Linus A. Sims Memorial Library at [[Southeastern Louisiana University]] in Hammond.<ref>[http://www.selu.edu/acad_research/programs/csls/historical_collections/photo_collections/c_d_photos/davis_jimmie.html Davis Collection at Southeastern], Selu.edu, (retrieved 2012-05-06).</ref>

==Filmography==
Davis had several appearances in movies (usually or always as himself), including:
*1942: ''[[Strictly in the Groove]]'' 
*1942: ''[[Riding Through Nevada]]'' 
*1943: ''[[Frontier Fury (1943 film)|Frontier Fury]]'' 
*1944: ''[[Cyclone Prairie Rangers]]'' 
*1947: ''[[Louisiana (1947 film)|Louisiana]]'' 
*1949: ''[[Mississippi Rhythm]]'' 
*1950: ''[[Square Dance Katy]]''

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|United States|Education|Music|Politics|Conservatism|Christianity}}
* [[List of governors of Louisiana]]
* [[Jim Flynn (songwriter)|Jim Flynn]], a writer encouraged when Davis signed his first song writing contract
* [[List of centenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Toru Mitsui (1998). "Jimmie Davis." In ''The Encyclopedia of Country Music.'' Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;136.
* Kevin S. Fontenot, "You Can't Fight a Song: Country Music in Jimmie Davis' Gubernatorial Campaigns," ''Journal of Country Music'' (2007).

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikisource|works=or}}
* {{IMDb name|204834|Jimmie Davis}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080110153727/http://www.sos.louisiana.gov/tabid/404/Default.aspx State of Louisiana Biography]
* [http://www.la-cemeteries.com/Governors/Davis,%20James%20Houston/Davis,%20James%20Houston.shtml Cemetery Memorial] by La-Cemeteries
* [https://archive.org/details/Jimmy_Davis-Shes_a_Real_Hum_Dinger Listen to Jimmie singing "She's a Real Hum Dinger"]
* [https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/105055 Jimmie Davis recordings] at the [[Discography of American Historical Recordings]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110418100814/http://countrymusichalloffame.org/full-list-of-inductees/view/jimmie-davis at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum]
* [http://www.selu.edu/acad_research/programs/csls/historical_collections/archival_collections/c_d/davis_jimmie.html Jimmie Davis Collection] and [http://www.selu.edu/acad_research/programs/csls/historical_collections/photo_collections/c_d_photos/davis_jimmie.html Jimmie Davis Photo Collection] at [[Southeastern Louisiana University]] in [[Hammond, Louisiana|Hammond]].
*[[Southern Gospel Music Association]] Hall of Fame and Museum

{{S-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sam H. Jones]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of Governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]]|years=[[1944 Louisiana gubernatorial election|1944]]}}
{{s-aft|after=Earl Long}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Earl Long]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of Governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]]|years=[[1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election|1960]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John McKeithen]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of Governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]] | before=[[Sam H. Jones]]| after=[[Earl Long|Earl K. Long]] | years=May 9, 1944–May 11, 1948}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of Governors of Louisiana|Governor of Louisiana]]
|before=Earl K. Long| after=[[John McKeithen]] | years=May 10, 1960–May 12, 1964}}
{{s-hon}}
{{succession box
|title=Oldest living United States governor
|before=[[J. Bracken Lee]]
|after=[[Strom Thurmond]]
|years=October 20, 1996 – November 5, 2000}}
{{succession box
|title=Oldest United States governor ever
|before=[[Nellie Tayloe Ross]]
|after=[[Albert Rosellini]]
|years=October 2, 2000 – March 17, 2011}}
{{S-end}}

{{1970s Country Music Hall of Fame}}
{{Governors of Louisiana}}
{{Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Jimmie}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Educators from Louisiana]]
[[Category:American male actors]]
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Baptists from Louisiana]]
[[Category:American men centenarians]]
[[Category:American country singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American gospel singers]]
[[Category:Country Music Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Democratic Party governors of Louisiana]]
[[Category:People from Jackson Parish, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Politicians from Shreveport, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Musicians from Baton Rouge, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Louisiana Christian University alumni]]
[[Category:Louisiana State University alumni]]
[[Category:Louisiana Democrats]]
[[Category:Members of the Louisiana Public Service Commission]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century American male composers]]
[[Category:20th-century American composers]]
[[Category:American performers of Christian music]]
[[Category:Southern gospel performers]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:Lawrence Welk]]
[[Category:Politicians from Baton Rouge, Louisiana]]
[[Category:Musicians from Shreveport, Louisiana]]
[[Category:20th-century American singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Louisiana politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American male singers]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Louisiana]]
[[Category:Dixiecrats]]
[[Category:National anthem writers]]
[[Category:American segregationists]]