View source for Jingdezhen

{{about|the city in Jiangxi|the town in Guangxi|Jingde, Guangxi}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2020}}{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                   = Jingdezhen
|official_name          = 
|other_name             = Kingtechen; Kingtehchen; Chingtechen
|native_name            = 景德镇市
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 |image2              = 陶溪川 1.jpg
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Province (China)|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Jiangxi]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|seat_type              = Municipal seat
|seat                   = [[Changjiang District]]
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<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =[[CPC Party Secretary]]
|leader_name            =Hu Xuemei
|leader_title1          = Mayor <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1           =Chen Kelong<br>''Acting''
|leader_title2          =
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<!-- Area    --------------------->
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|area_blank1_title        =
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<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            = 35
|elevation_ft           =114
|elevation_max_m            =
|elevation_max_ft           =
|elevation_min_m            =
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               =2018
|population_footnotes           =<ref name="Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook"/>
|population_note                =
|population_total               =1669057
|population_density_km2         =auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
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| demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=江西省统计局、国家统计局江西调查总队 |title=《江西统计年鉴－2016》 |date=August 2016 |publisher=[[China Statistics Press]] |isbn=978-7-5037-7809-4 |url=http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2016CD/indexch.htm |access-date=2017-06-05 |archive-date=2018-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511215556/http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2016CD/indexch.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[Renminbi|CN¥]] 77.2&nbsp;billion<br />[[US$]] 12.4&nbsp;billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 47,217<br />US$ 7,581
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset             = +8
|coor_pinpoint = Jingdezhen [[National People's Congress|NPC]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|29.2917|N|117.1986|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-36_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =333000
|area_code              =0798
|blank_name             =<!-- [[GDP]] -->
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|blank1_info            =
|blank2_name            =[[Licence plates of the People's Republic of China|Licence plate prefixes]]
|blank2_info            ={{lang|zh-cn|赣H}}
|blank3_name            =[[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] 
|blank3_info            =360200
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-JX-02]]
|website                = {{URL|www.jdz.gov.cn}}
|footnotes              =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Jingdezhen (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Jingdezhen" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| picsize = 155px
| s = 景德镇
| t = 景德鎮
| p = Jǐngdézhèn
| w = Ching<sup>3</sup>-te<sup>2</sup>-chen<sup>4</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|j|ing|3|.|d|e|2|.|zh|en|4}}
| psp = Fowliang
| j = Ging<sup>2</sup>-dak<sup>1</sup>-zan<sup>3</sup>
| poj = Kíng-tik-tìn
| y = Gíng-dāk-jan
| order = st
| c = 
| ci = 
| altname = 
}}

'''Jingdezhen''' is a [[prefecture-level city]] in eastern [[Jiangxi]] province with a total population of 1,669,057 (2018),<ref name="Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook">{{Cite web|date=2020-03-04|title=Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook|url=http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2019CD/zk/indexch.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719160002/http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2019CD/zk/indexch.htm|archive-date=2020-07-19|access-date=2020-07-19|publisher=Statistic Bureau of Jiangxi}}</ref> bordering [[Anhui]] to the north. It is known as the "[[Porcelain]] Capital" because it has been producing [[Chinese ceramics]] for at least 1,000 years, and for much of that period [[Jingdezhen porcelain]] was the most important and finest quality in China.  The city has a well-documented history that stretches back over 2,000 years.

== History ==
Throughout both the [[Spring and Autumn period]] and the [[Warring States period]], the area of present-day Jingdezhen belonged to the [[Chu (state)|Chu State]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-04-10 |script-title=zh:景德镇市情|url=http://xxgk.jdz.gov.cn/jdzfrontpage/jdznewxxgk/detailPage.html?infoid=dbf5e5cb-82b0-48ee-8431-956e776d4ef0&categorynum=003001001&deptcode=&informationtype=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719160835/http://xxgk.jdz.gov.cn/jdzfrontpage/jdznewxxgk/detailPage.html?infoid=dbf5e5cb-82b0-48ee-8431-956e776d4ef0&categorynum=003001001&deptcode=&informationtype=1|archive-date=2020-07-19|access-date=2020-07-19|publisher=Jingdezhen City People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> After the fall of the Chu, the area was incorporated into the [[Qin dynasty]] as part of Fan County ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=番县|t=|p=}}) in {{Interlanguage link|Jiujiang Commandery|lt=|zh|九江郡|WD=}}.<ref name=":0" /> Under the [[Han dynasty]], the area belonged to Poyang County ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=鄱阳县|t=|p=}}) in {{Interlanguage link|Yuzhang Commandery|lt=|zh|豫章郡|WD=}}.<ref name=":0" /> Under the Han dynasty, the particular area of future Jingdezhen was known as Xinping ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=新平|t=|p=}}).<ref name=":0" /> Historical records show that it was during this time that it began to make porcelain.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Jiang|first=Wanjuan|date=2014-11-19|title=Peeking into the world's oldest porcelain production line|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2014-11/19/content_18941084.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174003/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2014-11/19/content_18941084.htm|archive-date=2020-03-02|access-date=2020-07-20|website=[[China Daily]]}}</ref>

The town was established during the [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin dynasty]] under the name Changnan ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=昌南|t=|p=}}),<ref name=":0" /> due to its location on the south bank of the Chang river.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=2017-01-31|title=Ancient Porcelain Arts Thrive Again in a Chinese River Town|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/world/asia/china-ancient-porcelain-arts-jingdezhen.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214023051/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/world/asia/china-ancient-porcelain-arts-jingdezhen.html|archive-date=2019-12-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The town's name would be changed twice, first in 742 CE to Fuliang ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=浮梁|t=|p=}}), and then in 1004 to Jingdezhen, its current name,<ref name=":0" /> after the [[era name]] of the [[Emperor Zhenzong]] of [[Song dynasty|Song]] during whose reign its porcelain production first rose to fame.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Huang |first=Sha |last2=Li |first2=Jinrui |date=2022-03-03 |title=China Dreams |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1009783/china-dreams |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501103939/https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1009783 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Sixth Tone |language=en}}</ref> The town was placed under the jurisdiction of Fuliang County.<ref name=":0" />

In the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties, Jingdezhen was considered one of China's four great [[Towns of the People's Republic of China|towns]] in terms of commercial and industrial importance. The others were [[Foshan]] in [[Guangdong]], [[Hankou]] in [[Hubei]], and [[Zhuxian, Henan|Zhuxian]] in [[Henan]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2009-03-21 |script-title=zh:明清四大名镇在近代的舛变|trans-title=Great change of Four Famous Town In Ming and Qing Dynasty|url=http://www.gmw.cn/content/2009-03/21/content_889111.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017172112/http://www.gmw.cn/content/2009-03/21/content_889111.htm|archive-date=2015-10-17|access-date=2009-08-29|publisher=[[Guangming Daily (China)|Guangming Daily]]|language=zh}}</ref>

In 1855 during the [[Taiping Rebellion]], Taiping forces destroyed all 9,000 kilns in Jingdezhen. They would be rebuilt after the war in 1866.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

In the 19th century, Jingdezhen became a [[Counties of the People's Republic of China#History|county]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

On April 29, 1949, [[People's Liberation Army|Communist forces]] took the city.<ref name=":0" />

On May 4, 1949, it was upgraded to a prefecture city. However, to honor its history, Jingdezhen retained it the word ''zhen'' meaning ''[[Towns of China|town]]'' in its name. Usually when a town is upgraded to a city, the designation of ''shi'' meaning ''city'' replaces that of ''zhen''.<ref name="江西瓷都景德镇市是镇还是市？历史上曾经短暂叫过景德市">{{cite web |title=四大名镇之江西景德镇，如今成为地级市 |trans-title=Jingdezhen, one of the four famous towns in Jiangxi, has now become a prefecture-level city. |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/DQK01G5N0525O719.html |access-date=2018-09-30 |website=Wangyi|date=September 2018 }}</ref>

In June 1953, Jingdezhen was upgraded into a provincial level city.<ref name="江西瓷都景德镇市是镇还是市？历史上曾经短暂叫过景德市"/>

In 1960, [[Fuliang County]] was merged into the city.<ref name=":0" />

Jingdezhen was named one of top 24 national historical and cultural cities of the People's Republic of China on February 28, 1982.<ref>{{cite web| publisher =Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage| title =List Of The First National historical and cultural city| url =http://www.bjww.gov.cn/2009/1-6/1231217145718.html| access-date =2009-08-30| archive-date =2009-12-07| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091207113247/http://www.bjww.gov.cn/2009/1-6/1231217145718.html| url-status =dead}}</ref>

In July 1983, Leping County was also merged into the city.<ref name=":0" /> In October 1988, Fuliang County was re-established, and in September 1992, Leping County was re-established as a [[county-level city]].<ref name=":0" />

In 2004, Jingdezhen celebrated the millennium of its becoming the porcelain capital and it is assuming its present name.

Due to the relatively low cost of living and the heritage of the porcelain industry, Jingdezhen has become a haven for young artists from all over China, who are often referred to known as Jingpiao (景漂).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=景德镇，竟然有3万多名"景漂"？_媒体_澎湃新闻-The Paper |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9652140 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=www.thepaper.cn}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Jdzmap3.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Topographic Map of Jingdezhen]]
Jingdezhen is situated in the north-east of [[Jiangxi]] and borders on [[Anhui]]; the city center area is located in the north-east of the [[Poyang Lake]] Plain. Its area is {{convert|5256|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tea1">{{cite web|title=Household and Population by Region (end of 2007)|url=http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2008cd/indexch.htm|access-date=2009-08-29|publisher=Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook|archive-date=2010-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502233807/http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2008cd/indexch.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The highest point is {{convert|1618|m|abbr=on}}, with plains on the southern part having an average altitude of {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}}.

There are some cities and counties between Jiangxi and Anhui Province around Jingdezhen. To its north, northwest and northeast are [[Dongzhi County|Dongzhi]], [[Xiuning]], and [[Qimen]] County of Anhui province. To its south are [[Wannian County]] and [[Yiyang County, Jiangxi|Yiyang County]]. To its west is [[Boyang County]]. Lastly, to its southeast are [[Wuyuan County, Jiangxi|Wuyuan County]] and [[Dexing, Jiangxi|Dexing City]].

The prefecture's natural resources include [[kaolinite|kaolin]], coal, [[manganese]], and [[calcium oxide|lime]]. Although various forms of kaolin has since been found around the world, it was the [[Jingdezhen porcelain|Jingdezhen kilns]] who first perfected its use in combination with [[petuntse]] to create world-class [[hard-paste porcelain]]. The name "kaolin" itself derives from the [[Kingdom of France|French]] [[Jesuit China Mission|Jesuit]] [[François Xavier d'Entrecolles|d'Entrecolles]]'s [[romanization of Chinese|transcription]] of the local term {{translit|zh|gāolǐngtǔ}} ({{lang|zh|高嶺土}}), taken from Gaoling ({{lang|zh|高嶺}}, {{translit|zh|Gāolǐng}}), a village in Ehu Town in [[Fuliang County]] that provided most of the city's kaolin during the early and mid-Qing dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |title =by Language Institute of [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]]|author =Modern Chinese Dictionary|year =1996|publisher =China [[Commercial Press]]|page = 417|isbn=7-100-01777-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title =by Lu Gusun|author =The English-Chinese Dictionary (compact edition)|year =1993|publisher =Shanghai Translation Publishing House|page = 961|isbn=7-5327-1321-0 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Needham |first=Joseph |author2=Rose Kerr |author3=Nigel Wood |author4=Ts'ai Mei-fen |author5=Zhang Fukang |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Needham & al.|2004}} |date=2004 |author-link=Joseph Needham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mabcHwmAD5oC |title=Science and Civilisation in China, ''Vol. 5:'' Chemistry and Chemical Technology, ''Part XII:'' Ceramic Technology |editor=Rose Kerr |editor2=Christopher Cullen |display-editors=0 |location=[[Cambridge, England|Cambridge]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-83833-9 |contribution=Chinese Porcelain and the City of Ching-te-chen |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mabcHwmAD5oC&pg=PA184 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mabcHwmAD5oC&pg=PA225 225] }}.</ref>

==Climate==
Jingdezhen has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') affected by the East Asian [[monsoon]], with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|5.6|°C}} in January to {{convert|29.1|°C|1}} in July, with an annual average of {{convert|17.81|°C|1}}. The average annual precipitation is {{convert|1805|mm|in|abbr=on}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 25% in March to 56% in August, the city receives 1,798 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to July each of the months averages more than {{convert|190|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall. Summer is the sunniest season here, while autumn remains warm to mild and relatively dry. Extreme maximum temperatures of above {{convert|40|°C}} have been recorded, as have extreme minimums below {{convert|−10|°C}}.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = Y
| location = Jingdezhen, elevation {{convert|62|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1952–present)
| Jan record high C = 27.2
| Feb record high C = 28.8
| Mar record high C = 34.0
| Apr record high C = 35.0
| May record high C = 36.3
| Jun record high C = 37.9
| Jul record high C = 40.5
| Aug record high C = 41.8
| Sep record high C = 39.7
| Oct record high C = 38.2
| Nov record high C = 32.3
| Dec record high C = 26.3
| Jan high C = 10.4
| Feb high C = 13.5
| Mar high C = 17.4
| Apr high C = 23.7
| May high C = 28.0
| Jun high C = 30.2
| Jul high C = 33.9
| Aug high C = 33.9
| Sep high C = 30.7
| Oct high C = 25.7
| Nov high C = 19.5
| Dec high C = 13.2
| Jan mean C = 6.0
| Feb mean C = 8.5
| Mar mean C = 12.3
| Apr mean C = 18.2
| May mean C = 22.9
| Jun mean C = 25.9
| Jul mean C = 29.3
| Aug mean C = 28.9
| Sep mean C = 25.4
| Oct mean C = 20.0
| Nov mean C = 13.9
| Dec mean C = 8.0
| Jan low C = 3.0
| Feb low C = 5.1
| Mar low C = 8.7
| Apr low C = 14.1
| May low C = 18.9
| Jun low C = 22.6
| Jul low C = 25.6
| Aug low C = 25.2
| Sep low C = 21.6
| Oct low C = 16.0
| Nov low C = 10.0
| Dec low C = 4.5
| Jan record low C = −10.9
| Feb record low C = −9.2
| Mar record low C = −4.5
| Apr record low C = 0.2
| May record low C = 6.2
| Jun record low C = 13.8
| Jul record low C = 18.4
| Aug record low C = 16.8
| Sep record low C = 8.9
| Oct record low C = 0.0
| Nov record low C = −7.2
| Dec record low C = −9.6
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 95.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 116.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 194.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 229.2
| May precipitation mm = 243.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 353.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 241.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 160.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 59.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 56.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 78.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 58.7
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 76
| Mar humidity = 77
| Apr humidity = 76
| May humidity = 76
| Jun humidity = 80
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 73
| Oct humidity = 71
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 74
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 13.4
| Feb precipitation days = 13.4
| Mar precipitation days = 17.0
| Apr precipitation days = 15.9
| May precipitation days = 15.2
| Jun precipitation days = 16.7
| Jul precipitation days = 12.1
| Aug precipitation days = 10.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.2
| Oct precipitation days = 6.9
| Nov precipitation days = 9.5
| Dec precipitation days = 9.6
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 89.5
| Feb sun = 90.4
| Mar sun = 102.8
| Apr sun = 127.7
| May sun = 150.1
| Jun sun = 124.6
| Jul sun = 208.0
| Aug sun = 205.8
| Sep sun = 177.0
| Oct sun = 169.1
| Nov sun = 136.3
| Dec sun = 126.8
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 27
| Feb percentsun = 29
| Mar percentsun = 28
| Apr percentsun = 33
| May percentsun = 36
| Jun percentsun = 30
| Jul percentsun = 49
| Aug percentsun = 51
| Sep percentsun = 48
| Oct percentsun = 48
| Nov percentsun = 43
| Dec percentsun = 40
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 2.4
| Feb snow days = 1.4
| Mar snow days = 0.3
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.9
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 June 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref>[[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/JINGDEZHEN_58527.csv
|title = Jingdezhen Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[NOAA]]
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.roostweather.com/worldclimate/graphs.php?code=CHM00058527
|title=  Jingdezhen Climate: 1991–2020
|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather
|access-date= 
}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

== Administrative divisions ==
The city of Jingdezhen is divided into 4 [[county-level division]]s: [[Zhushan District]], [[Changjiang District]], [[Fuliang County]], and the [[county-level city]] of [[Leping]].<ref name=":0" /> These 4 county-level divisions administer 52 [[township-level divisions]], and 687 [[village-level division]]s.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+County-level divisions of Jingdezhen
!English name
!Hanzi<ref name=":0" />
!Division Type<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2007)
|-
|[[Zhushan District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|珠山区}}
|[[District (China)|District]]
|279,357
|-
|[[Changjiang District]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|昌江区}}
|District
|170,229
|-
|[[Fuliang County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|浮梁县}}
|[[Counties of China|County]]
|280,029
|-
|[[Leping]] City
|{{lang|zh-Hans|乐平市}}
|County-level city
|832,142
|}
{|class="wikitable"
! Map
|-
| <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Jingdezhen.png|width=350|link=}}
{{Image label|x=440|y=1370|scale=350/1400|text=[[Zhushan District|'''Zhushan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=160|y=1510|scale=350/1400|text=[[Changjiang District|'''Changjiang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=860 |scale=350/1400|text=[[Fuliang County|'''Fuliang<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=500|y=2020|scale=350/1400|text=[[Leping|'''Leping<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|}

==Porcelain==
{{Main|Jingdezhen porcelain}}
[[File:Porcelain Workshop, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen]]
Jingdezhen may have produced [[pottery]] as early as the sixth century CE, though it is named after the reign name of [[Emperor Zhenzong]], in whose reign it became a major kiln site, around 1004. By the 14th century it had become the largest centre of production of Chinese porcelain, which it has remained, increasing its dominance in subsequent centuries.  For several centuries, almost all top quality Chinese porcelain has come from the town.<ref>Vainker, 176, 216; Rawson, 238–239, 242</ref>  From the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] period onwards, official kilns in Jingdezhen were controlled by the emperor, making "imperial porcelain" in large quantity for the court and the emperor to give as gifts.

Although apparently an unpromising location for potteries, being a remote town in a hilly region, Jingdezhen is close to the best quality deposits of [[petuntse]], more contemporarily called pottery stone,<ref>’Phase Composition And Morphology Of Pottery Stone Microcrystalline Powders Synthesized By Hydrothermal Method’ A. Larpkasemsuk, S. Chuayjuljit, D. Pongkao Kashima. Advanced Materials Research (Volume 664)</ref><ref>’Effects Of Analcime Zeolite Synthesized From Local Pottery Stone As Nucleating Agent On Crystallization Behaviors And Mechanical Properties Of Isotactic Polypropylene’
S. Chuayjuljit, A. Larpkasemsuk, P. Chaiwutthinan, D. Pongkao Kashima, A. Boonmahitthisud. Journal Of Vinyl And Additive Technology. Volume24, Issues. Special Issue: Additives And Fillers, May 2018. Pages E85-E95</ref><ref>‘State Of Flux - Feldspar Developments Continue Apace.’ ''Asian Ceramics''. September 2002, pp. 32–33, 35, 37.</ref><ref>‘Refinement Of The Low-Grade Pottery Stone By Hydrothermal Treatment.’ K.Kimura, H.Tateyama, K.Jinnai. ''Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft. Proc. Silicer '90 Nurnberg'', 26–28 September 1990, p. 103–110.</ref> in China, as well as being surrounded by forests, mostly of pine, providing wood for the kilns. It also has a river leading to river systems flowing north and south, facilitating transport of fragile wares.<ref>Vainker, 176</ref>  The imperial kilns were in the centre of the city at Zhushan (Pearl Hill), with many other kilns four kilometres away at Hutian.<ref>Krahl</ref>

It has produced a great variety of pottery and porcelain, for the Chinese market and as [[Chinese export porcelain]], but its best-known high quality porcelain wares have been successively [[Qingbai ware]] in the Song and [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] dynasties, [[blue and white porcelain]] from the 1330s, and the "[[famille rose]]" and other "famille" colours under the [[Qing dynasty]].  The town continues to produce cheaper tablewares in great quantity, as well as more expensive decorative pieces.  During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Jingdezhen produced a large number of porcelain [[Chairman Mao badge|Mao badges]] and statues of a seated [[Mao Zedong]].

Jingdezhen porcelain has fetched record prices at auctions, with a [[blue and white porcelain]] jar produced during the [[Yuan dynasty]] auctioning for $27.7 million in London in 2005,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Melikian|first=Souren|date=2005-07-13|title=Chinese jar sets record for Asian art|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/13/news/chinese-jar-sets-record-for-asian-art.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720164933/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/13/news/chinese-jar-sets-record-for-asian-art.html|archive-date=2020-07-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and a porcelain cup produced during the [[Ming dynasty]] auctioning for $36.3 million in 2014.<ref name=":1" />

<gallery class="left" widths="180px" heights="180px">
File:Jingdezhen soft paste porcelain flower holder Famille Rose 1736 1796 Qianlong period.jpg|Jingdezhen soft paste porcelain flower holder, "[[Famille Rose]]", 1736–1796, [[Qianlong Emperor|Qianlong period]]
File:Jingdezhen blue and white plate Yuan period mid 14th century.jpg|Jingdezhen blue and white plate, mid-14th century
File:Porcelain plate - Jingdezhen.jpg|Early Kangxi 17th century, Jingdezhen Ware, Nantoyōsō Collection, Japan
File:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi.jpg|Ming plate with grape design, 15th century, Jingdezhen kilns, [[Jiangxi]], [[British Museum]]
File:Chinese - Wine Jar with Carp among Water Weeds and Lotuses - Walters 491917 - View G.jpg|''Wine Jar with Carp among Water Weeds and Lotuses'', 16th century, [[The Walters Art Museum]]
</gallery>

==Economy==
Jingdezhen serves as an important industrial and commercial base in [[Jiangxi|Jiangxi Province]]. In 2018, Jingdezhen achieved a GDP of 92.611 billion yuan.<ref name=":0" /> Of this, 6.62% of the city's GDP came from its [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]], 44.22% came from its [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]], and the remaining 49.16% came from its [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]].<ref name=":0" />

As of 2018, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in the city is ¥37,183, which ranks third among [[prefecture-level division]]s in Jiangxi (behind [[Nanchang]] and [[Xinyu]]).<ref name=":0" /> Per capita disposable income for rural residents for 2018 is ¥16,510, which ranks fourth among prefecture-level divisions in Jiangxi (behind [[Pingxiang]], Xinyu, and Nanchang).<ref name=":0" />

For 2018, the city's public budget revenue was ¥8.98555 billion, and its public budget expenditure was ¥20.43550 billion.<ref name=":0" />

=== Industry ===
[[File:Super Frelon 4.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The French [[SA 321 Super Frelon]], which Changhe produces under license as the [[Changhe Z-8|Z-8]]]]
There are some important industrial enterprises in Jingdezhen City, such as Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation; Jingdezhen Ceramics; Jingdezhen Refrigeration Compressor, etc.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation]], a subsidiary of the [[Aviation Industry Corporation of China]], is based in Jingdezhen.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|script-title=zh:公司简介|url=http://www.changhe.com/index.php?g=portal&m=aboutus&a=single&id=2|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720164006/http://www.changhe.com/index.php?g=portal&m=aboutus&a=single&id=2|archive-date=2020-07-20|website=China Aviation Industry Changhe Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd.|language=zh}}</ref> The firm, established in 1969, mainly sells helicopters to the [[People's Liberation Army]], but also does business with firms such as [[Boeing]], [[Sikorsky Aircraft|Sikorsky]], and [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo]].<ref name=":2" /> Changhe produces aircraft parts for the [[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300BCF]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Changhe|Jiangxi Changhe Automobile Co Ltd]], commonly known as Changhe, is an automotive firm owned by [[BAIC Group]] which is based in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CULTURE|url=https://www.changheauto.com/Home_en/About/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720164642/https://www.changheauto.com/Home_en/About/index.html/|archive-date=2020-07-20|website=Changhe Auto}}</ref> The firm is forecast to produce 53,400 vehicles in 2019.<ref name=":0" />

[[Jingdezhen Ceramics Co Ltd]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=景德镇陶瓷股份有限公司|t=|p=}}) is a joint venture with a French company and is most famous of Jingdezhen's ceramic companies.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In February 2002, then-[[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP General Secretary]] [[Jiang Zemin]] presented a porcelain set produced by the company under its Hongye ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=红叶|t=|p=}}) brand to U.S. President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-07-21 |script-title=zh:江泽民今秋访美将带景德镇瓷器作赠布什礼品|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2002-07-21/1107643570.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720164249/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2002-07-21/1107643570.html|archive-date=2020-07-20|access-date=2020-07-20|website=Sina News|language=zh}}</ref>

Jingdezhen Refrigeration Compressor Company is well known in China for its non-Eph refrigeration compressor.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} It holds a 20% share of its market in China.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Agriculture===
{| class="wikitable"  style="float:left; text-align:right; font-size:80%; margin:1em;"
|-
| colspan="5"  style="background:tan; text-align:center;"| '''Agricultural Economic Data of Jingdezhen (2007)'''
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#dedebb;"
| colspan="2"|'''Economic Item'''
| '''Unit'''
| colspan="2"|'''Data'''
|- style="background:#efefcc;"
| style="text-align:left;"|''Name of Items''||align="left"|''Statistics range''||
|-
|  style="background:lightskyblue; text-align:left;"| '''Agricultural GDP'''||city||RMB(yuan)||3.8 billion
|-
|  style="background:yellow; text-align:left;"| '''Sown area of grain '''||city||[[Mu (unit of area)|Mu]]||13.22 billion
|-
|  style="background:orange; text-align:left;"| '''Grain output'''||city||ton||515,000
|-
|  style="background:lightskyblue; text-align:left;"| '''Meat production'''||city||ton||47,000
|-
|  style="background:yellow; text-align:left;"| '''Forestry production'''||city||RMB(yuan)||2.41 million
|-
|  style="background:orange; text-align:left;"| '''Animal husbandry output value'''||city||RMB(yuan)||1.036 billion
|-
|  style="background:lightskyblue; text-align:left;"| '''Fishery production'''||city||RMB(yuan)||262 million
|-
|  style="background:yellow; text-align:left;"| '''Agricultural services industry'''||city||RMB(yuan)||161 million
|-
|  style="background:orange; text-align:left;"| '''Tea output'''||Fuliang County||RMB(yuan)||123 million
|-
|  style="background:lightskyblue; text-align:left;"| '''Aquaculture output'''||Changjiang District||RMB(yuan)||200 million
|-
| colspan="5"|Source: '''Jingdezhen People's Government'''<ref>{{cite web  | language =zh  | publisher =Walk into "Porcelain Capital"  | title =Agriculture Economy(2007)  | url =http://www.jdz.gov.cn/zjcd/jjjshshfz/200809/t20080919_21999.htm  | access-date =2009-09-08  | url-status =dead  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090503052059/http://www.jdz.gov.cn/zjcd/jjjshshfz/200809/t20080919_21999.htm  | archive-date =2009-05-03  }}</ref>
|}

Jingdezhen is a major agricultural center in Jiangxi, with extensive rice cultivation within its boundaries. The area is also an important producer of commodity grain, pigs, and cotton.

In Fuliang County there are some large-scale tea plantations and processing facilities.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} The tea of Fuliang County is well known in China.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} [[Bai Juyi]], a famous poet of [[Tang dynasty]] China, wrote a poem that says "My merchant loved money more than family, he left me to go to Fuliang to buy tea last month".{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} This suggests that one thousand years ago Fuliang was already well known for its tea.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In 1915, Fuliang's "Fuhong" brand tea won a golden prize in [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Leping City, the "Vegetable Township of [[Northern and southern China|South China]]"{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}, is a major vegetable growing and processing area for Jiangxi Province even for China. Its vegetable output and sales are important to the agricultural economy of Jiangxi Province. In 2007, Leping had 1.7 million hectares under cultivation that produced a total output of 620,000 tons.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} The [[Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China|Agriculture Ministry of China]] also designated Leping as a demonstration zone for "pollution-free" vegetable production.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Transportation==
Jingdezhen is the most important transportation hub in the northeast region of Jiangxi province.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} Historically, Jingdezhen's main communication route was via the Chang River.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} It could ship its porcelain down the Chang to [[Poyang Lake]] and connected there with the [[Yangtze River]] in [[Hukou County]], Jiangxi Province.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} From there the porcelain could get to the coast for export. Today, the city is connected to the rest of China via road, rail, and air.

===Road===
*[[G35 Jinan–Guangzhou Expressway|<span style="background:green; color:white;">G35</span>]], running from [[Jinan]], [[Shandong]] to [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]],
*[[G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway|<span style="background:green; color:white;">G56</span>]] Hangzhou-Ruili Highway from [[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]] to [[Ruili]], [[Yunnan]],
*[[China National Highway 206|<span style="background:red; color:white; ">G206</span>]], running from [[Yantai]], Shandong to [[Shantou]], Guangdong.

===Rail===
The [[Anhui–Jiangxi Railway]] connects Jingdezhen to many key cities in China such as Shanghai, [[Nanjing]], [[Jinan]], [[Qingdao]], [[Hefei]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Fuzhou]], [[Xiamen]], [[Nanchang]], [[Kunming]] and [[Guiyang]], etc.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In addition, the [[Jiujiang]]- Jingdezhen-[[Quzhou]] Railway is under construction.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In the near future, the two rail lines will intersect in Jingdezhen, and make the city an important rail transportation hub in Jiangxi Province and East China.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} The Jingdezhen Railway Station is located in the city center and is under the control of the Nanchang Railway Bureau.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Air===
[[Jingdezhen Luojia Airport]] is located at Luojian Village, northwest of Jingdezhen city, and about {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} from the city's downtown.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Civil Aviation Administration of China|CAAC]] statistics show that in 2008 Jingdezhen Airport served 189,256 passengers, 81st among all Chinese airports.<ref name=":3" /> Annual cargo and mail traffic was 119.8 tons; annual landings were 2,424,  ranking 111st and 91st respectively in China.<ref name=":3">{{cite web  | language =zh  | publisher =Civil Aviation Administration of China  | title =The 2008 Statistics Bulletin of Civil Aviation Airport Production  | url =http://www.caac.gov.cn/I1/K3/200903/t20090316_23316.html  | access-date =2009-09-05  | url-status =dead  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090729050000/http://www.caac.gov.cn/I1/K3/200903/t20090316_23316.html  | archive-date =2009-07-29  }}</ref>

There are flights from Jingdezhen to Beijing([[Air China|CA]]), Shanghai([[Shenzhen Airlines|ZH]]), Guangzhou([[Shenzhen Airlines|ZH]]), Shenzhen([[Shenzhen Airlines|ZH]]), Chengdu([[Air China|CA]]), Hangzhou([[China Eastern Airlines|MU]]), Fuzhou([[Shenzhen Airlines|ZH]]), Kunming([[China Eastern Airlines|MU]]), Xiamen([[Air China|CA]]), Xi'an([[Shenzhen Airlines|ZH]]).{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} There are no international flights. Jingdezhen Airport is the second largest airport in Jiangxi Province.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} The largest is at [[Nanchang]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

===Local transit===
There was only one bus line in Jingdezhen before the 1980s, which was from Huang-ni-tou to Nan-men-tou with a total line distance of {{convert|7|km|abbr=off}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In that time, the city had no taxi service and the buses were channel-type bus, it could carry more than one hundred passengers at most at the same time.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} This kinds of buses were renewed when they were operated to the end of 1990s.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Currently, Jingdezhen public buses and taxis are the two main means of transportation within the city{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}. Nearly more than 20 [[public bus]] lines crisscross the city and its countryside.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} Taxis in Jingdezhen are plentiful; fares start at ¥8 for the first {{convert|2|km|abbr=off}}.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Education==
Jingdezhen has 4 [[higher education]] institutions, 110 [[secondary school]]s, 328 [[primary school]]s, and 4 [[special education]] schools.<ref name=":0" />

The city's 4 higher education institutions are the [[Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute|Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute (JCI)]], {{Interlanguage link|Jingdezhen College|lt=|zh|景德镇学院|WD=}}, Jiangxi Ceramic Arts and Crafts Vocational and Technical College ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=江西陶瓷工艺美术职业技术学院|t=|p=}}), and Jingdezhen Ceramic Vocational and Technical College ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=景德镇陶瓷职业技术学院|t=|p=}}).

Among the city's secondary schools is the [[No.1 Middle School]] of Jingdezhen, which was founded in 1940. It is famous for its success rate, relative to other schools in Jiangxi Province, in placing its students in Chinese colleges.<ref>{{cite web  | publisher =Statistical Bureau of Jaingxi  | title =Social and Economic Date by Region (2007)  | url =http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2008cd/indexch.htm  | access-date =2009-09-08  | archive-date =2010-05-02  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20100502233807/http://www.jxstj.gov.cn/resource/nj/2008cd/indexch.htm  | url-status =dead  }}</ref>

==Public health==
Jingdezhen has more than 20 medical service institutions with a total 2182 beds.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} Doctors and nurses number 2,672. It has the largest hospital system in the north-east of Jiangxi Province. The No.1, No.2 and No.3 People's Hospital of Jingdezhen are the most important hospitals in the city; the No.4 People's Hospital is a [[psychiatric hospital]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Tourism==

[[File:YAOLIA.JPG|thumb|right|500px|'''[[Huizhou (region)|Huizhou]] architecture (Anhui Province) in [[Yaoli, Fuliang County|Yaoli]] town, Fuliang county''']]

===Travel Overview===

Jingdezhen is a major tourism destination within [[Jiangxi|Jiangxi Province]], receiving 85.063 million tourists in 2018.<ref name=":0" /> Many of the city's tourist attractions are related to the city's famous ceramics, including the {{Interlanguage link|Ancient Kiln Folk Customs Museum|lt=|zh|景德镇古窑民俗博览区|WD=}}, a [[Tourist Attraction Rating Categories of China|5A tourist attraction]].<ref name=":0" /> Jingdezhen also has 8 4A tourist attractions, and 14 3A tourist attractions.<ref name=":0" /> The city also provides access to nearby popular tourist areas such as [[Lushan District|Lushan]], [[Huangshan District|Huangshan]], and [[Wuyuan County, Jiangxi|Wuyuan]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

At present, Jingdezhen has the most tourist hotels of any city in Jiangxi Province.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}} In the city there is one quasi-five-star hotel, two four-star hotels, and many three-star and other common grade hotels.{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
* {{flagicon|MAR}}: [[:fr:Safi|Safi]], Maroc 
* {{flagicon|JPN}}: [[Arita, Saga]], Japan
* {{flagicon|JPN}}: [[Seto, Aichi]], Japan<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=23&n=Aichi%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|access-date=21 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052656/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=23&n=Aichi%20Prefecture|archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|KOR}}: [[Icheon]], [[Gyeonggi-do]], [[South Korea]]
* {{flagicon|UK}}: [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], [[London, UK]]
* {{flagicon|NED}}: [[Delft]], [[South Holland]], Netherlands
* {{flagicon|US}}: [[Door County, Wisconsin]], US

===Domestic===
* [[Chaoyang District, Beijing]]
* [[Dongcheng District, Beijing]]
* [[Shenzhen, Guangdong]]

==References==
* Curtis, Julia B., Stephen Little & Mary Ann Rogers, ''Trade taste and transformation, Jingdezhen porcelain for Japan, 1620–1645'', New York, China Institute Gallery, 2006. {{ISBN|0-9774054-0-0}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jdz.gov.cn Official site of the Jingdezhen Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029225818/http://www.jdz.gov.cn/ |date=2015-10-29 }} (Languages: English, Chinese)

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
*Krahl, Regina, "Jingdezhen" ''[[Grove Art Online]]'', Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T044872 subscription required]
*[[Jessica Rawson|Rawson, Jessica]], ''Chinese Ornament: The Lotus and the Dragon'', 1984, British Museum Publications, {{ISBN|0714114316}}
*Vainker, S.J., ''Chinese Pottery and Porcelain'', 1991, British Museum Press, {{ISBN|9780714114705}}

{{Jiangxi topics}}
{{Jiangxi}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Jiangxi]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Jiangxi]]
[[Category:National Civilized City]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]