View source for Joanna of Bourbon

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{{Short description|Queen of France from 1364 to 1378}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes
| succession = [[Queen consort of France]]
| image = Jeanne de Bourbon - Parement de Narbonne.jpg
| caption = Joanna in the ''[[Master of the Parement|Parement de Narbonne]]'', {{circa|1375}}
| reign = 8 April 1364 – 6 February 1378
| coronation = 1 June 1364 
| birth_date = 3 February 1338
| birth_place = [[Vincennes]], France
| death_date = {{dda|6 February 1378|3 February 1338|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], France
| burial_place = [[Basilique Saint-Denis]]
| house = [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Charles V of France]]|1350}}
| issue = {{Plainlist|
* [[Charles VI, King of France]]
* [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans]]
* [[Catherine of Valois (1378–1388)|Catherine, Countess of Montpensier]]
}}
| father = [[Peter I, Duke of Bourbon]]
| mother = [[Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon|Isabella of Valois]]
}}
'''Joanna of Bourbon''' (''Jeanne de Bourbon''; 3 February 1338 &ndash; 6 February 1378) was [[Queen of France]] by marriage to [[Charles V of France|King Charles V]]. She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential [[regent]] in case of a minor regency.

==Life==

===Early life===
Born in the [[Château de Vincennes]], Joanna was a daughter of [[Peter I, Duke of Bourbon]], and [[Isabella of Valois (1313–1388)|Isabella of Valois]],{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=16}} a half-sister of [[Philip VI of France]].

From October 1340 through at least 1343, negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry [[Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy]].{{sfn|Cox|1967|p=57}} The goal was to bring [[Savoy]] more closely under French influence.{{sfn|Cox|1967|p=57}} Following this, her betrothal to Humbert, Dauphin of Viennois, also fell through.{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=46}}

===Queen===
[[File:Coat of Arms of Joan of Bourbon.svg|thumb|Arms of Joanna as queen consort of France]]
On 8 April 1350, Joanna married her cousin, the future [[Charles V of France]], at [[Tain-l'Hermitage]].{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=16}} Since they were first cousins once removed, their marriage required a papal dispensation.{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=16}}  Born thirteen days apart, they both were 12 years old. When Charles ascended the throne in 1364, Joanna became [[List of French consorts|queen of France]]. Charles sometimes confided in Joanna on political and cultural issues and relied on her advice. 

Joanna was described as mentally fragile, and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373, she suffered a complete mental breakdown.{{sfn|Tuchman|2011|p=297}} This deeply worried Charles V, who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery.{{sfn|Tuchman|2011|p=297}} When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373, Charles V appointed her legal guardian of the heir to the throne should he die when his son and heir was still a minor.{{sfn|Tuchman|2011|p=297}}

===Death and burial===
Joanna died at the royal residence [[Hôtel Saint-Pol]] in Paris, on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday, and two days after the birth of her youngest child, [[Catherine of Valois (1378–1388)|Catherine]].{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=16}} [[Jean Froissart|Froissart]]<ref>J. A. Buchon, ''Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises écrites en langue vulgaire du treizième au seizième siècle, Chroniques de Froissart'', Tome VII, Verdière, Libraire, Paris, 1824, p. 61</ref> recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians' advice. Soon after, she went into labour and died two days after giving birth. The king was devastated. Her heart was buried in the [[Cordeliers Convent]] and her entrails in the [[Couvent des Célestins]]. The Couvent des Célestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the [[Basilica of St Denis]]. The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint-Denis.

==Issue==
Joanna and Charles had eight{{sfn|Hand|2013|p=16}} or nine{{sfn|Le Laboureur|1663|p=4}} children. Two of them reached adulthood:
# Joanna (end September 1357{{efn|News of "''l’accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie''" was brought to her husband on 30 September 1357.{{sfn|Petit|1905|p=88, vol. IX, footnote 2}}}} – 21 October 1360, Saint Antoine-des-Champs Abbey, Paris{{efn|An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death at the Abbey on 21 October 1360 of "''madame Jehanne aisnée fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...''"{{sfn|Raunié|1890|p=133, vol. I, 210}}}}), interred at [[Saint-Antoine-des-Champs Abbey]].
# Bonne (1358 – 7 November 1360, Palais Royal, Paris{{efn|An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death "''au palais''" on 7 November 1360 of "''madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...''".{{sfn|Raunié|1890|p=134, vol. I, 211}}}}), interred beside her older sister.{{efn|''The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V'' records the burial on 12 November 1360 of "''les deux filles du duc de Normandie''" at "''Saint-Anthoine près de Paris''".{{sfn|Delachenal|1910|p=330, vol. I}}}}
# Joanna ([[Château de Vincennes]], 6 June 1366{{efn|The ''Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V'' records that 7 June 1366 "''la royne de France...Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon''" gave birth to "''une fille au Bois de Vincennes...Jehanne''".{{sfn|Delachenal|1910|p=20, vol. II}}}} – 21 December 1366, Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris{{efn|The ''Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V'' records the death on 21 December 1366 of "''madame Jehanne fille du...roy de France Charles...en l’ostel de la Conciergerie de l’ostel du Roy...près de Saint-Pol''" and her burial "''en l’eglise Saint-Denis en France''".{{sfn|Delachenal|1910|p=25, vol. II}}}}), interred at [[Saint Denis Basilica]].
# [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] (3 December 1368 – 22 October 1422), King of France.{{sfn|Keane|2016|p=17}}
# Marie (Paris, 27 February 1370 – June 1377, Paris).
# [[Louis of Valois, Duke of Orleans|Louis]] (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407), Duke of Orléans.{{sfn|Keane|2016|p=17}}
# Isabella (Paris, 24 July 1373 – 23 February 1378, Paris).
# John (1374/76 – died young).{{efn|Le Laboureur records that Charles V had "''trois fils, dont le dernier nommé Jean estant mort en enfance''", adding that "''il n’en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires''" but without noting his own source on which he bases the information.{{sfn|Le Laboureur|1663|p=4}}}}
# [[Catherine of Valois (1378–1388)|Catherine]] (Paris, 4 February 1378 – November 1388, buried at Abbaye De Maubuisson, France), m. [[John de Valois, Count of Montpensier|John of Berry]], [[Montpensier|Count of Montpensier]] (son of [[John, Duke of Berry]]).{{sfn|Guicciardini|1969|p=136}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Joanna of Bourbon'''
|2= 2. [[Peter I, Duke of Bourbon]]
|3= 3. [[Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon|Isabella of Valois]]
|4= 4. [[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon]]
|5= 5. [[Mary of Avesnes]]
|6= 6. [[Charles, Count of Valois]]
|7= 7. [[Mahaut of Châtillon]]
|8= 8. [[Robert, Count of Clermont]]
|9= 9. [[Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon|Beatrice, Lady of Bourbon]]
|10= 10. [[John II, Count of Holland]]
|11= 11. [[Philippa of Luxembourg]]
|12= 12. [[Philip III of France]]
|13= 13. [[Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France|Isabella of Aragon]]
|14= 14. [[Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol]]
|15= 15. [[Marie of Brittany, Countess of Saint-Pol|Marie of Brittany]]
}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book | last=Cox | first=Eugene L. | title=The Green Count of Savoy | url=https://archive.org/details/greencountofsavo0000coxe | url-access=registration | location=Princeton, New Jersey | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=1967 | lccn=67-11030 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greencountofsavo0000coxe/page/57 57]}}
*{{cite book|last=Delachenal|first=Roland|title=Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V: 1364-1380|language=fr|publisher=H. Laurens|date=1910|location=Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2EcyxwEACAAJ}}
* {{cite book |title=The History of Italy |first=Francesco |last=Guicciardini |publisher=Princeton University Press |translator-first=Sidney |translator-last=Alexander |year=1969  }}
*{{cite book |title=Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350-1550 |first=Joni M. |last=Hand |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2013 }}
*{{cite book |title=Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398) |first=Marguerite |last=Keane |publisher=Brill |year=2016 }}
* {{cite book|last=Le Laboureur|first=Jean|title=Histoire De Charles VI. Roy de France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lG1XAAAAcAAJ|publisher=Billaine|place= Paris|language=fr|date=1663}}
*{{cite book|last=Petit|first=Ernest|authorlink=:fr:Ernest Petit (historien)|title=Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne|language=fr|publisher=Libraire Le Chevalier|date=1905|location=Paris|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1117242.texteImage}}
*{{cite book|last=Raunié|first=Émile|chapter=Épitaphier du vieux Paris|language=fr|publisher=Impr. nationale|date=1890|location=Paris|title=Histoire générale de Paris|oclc=910306761 }}
*{{cite book |title=A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century |first=Barbara W. |last=Tuchman |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2011 }}

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
{{commons category-inline}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Bourbon]]|3 February|1338|6 February|1378|[[Capetian dynasty]]}}
{{s-roy|fr}}
|-
{{S-vac|last=[[Joanna I of Auvergne]]}}
{{S-ttl | title = [[Queen consort of France]] | years=1364–1378}}
{{S-vac|next=[[Isabeau of Bavaria]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{French consorts}}
{{Dauphines of France}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joanna Of Bourbon}}
[[Category:Queens consort of France]]
[[Category:House of Valois]]
[[Category:House of Bourbon (France)]]
[[Category:Dauphines of Viennois]]
[[Category:Dauphines of France]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Normandy]]
[[Category:1338 births]]
[[Category:1378 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Vincennes]]
[[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:Deaths in childbirth]]
[[Category:14th-century French women]]
[[Category:14th-century French nobility]]
[[Category:Mothers of French monarchs]]