View source for Johann Nepomuk Hummel

{{Short description|Austrian composer and pianist (1778–1837)}}
{{Redirect|Johann Hummel|the German painter|Johann Erdmann Hummel}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Johann Nepomuk Hummel
| image              = JNHummel 2.jpg
| alt                = <!-- alt should not be same as caption, see WP:ALT for details-->
| caption            = 1820 portrait
| birth_date         = 14 November 1778
| birth_place        = [[Pressburg]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]]
| death_date         = 17 October 1837 (aged 58)
| death_place        = [[Weimar]], [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]], [[German Confederation]]
| occupation         = {{hlist|Composer|pianist}}
| works              = [[List of compositions by Johann Nepomuk Hummel|List of compositions]]
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Elisabeth Röckel]]|1813}}
| children           = {{ill|Eduard Hummel|de|lt=Eduard}}, [[Carl Hummel|Carl]]
}}

'''Johann Nepomuk Hummel''' (14 November 1778{{spaced ndash}}17 October 1837) was an Austrian composer and pianist. His music reflects the [[Transition from Classical to Romantic music|transition]] from the [[Classical period (music)|Classical]] to the [[Romantic music|Romantic]] musical era. He was a pupil of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Antonio Salieri]], and [[Joseph Haydn]]. Hummel significantly influenced later piano music of the nineteenth century, particularly in the works of [[Frédéric Chopin]], [[Franz Liszt]], and [[Felix Mendelssohn]].

== Life ==
=== Early life ===
[[File:Memorial house for Johann Nepomuk Hummel.jpg|thumb|left|Hummel's birthplace in Klobučnícka St., Bratislava]]
Hummel was born in [[Pressburg]], Kingdom of Hungary (now Bratislava, [[Slovakia]]). Unusually for that period, he was an only child. He was named after the Czech patron saint [[John of Nepomuk]]. His father, Johannes Hummel,<ref>Hust, Christoph. 2003. "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk." In: ''[[Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart]]''. 2nd ed. [[Ludwig Finscher]] (ed.). Kassel: Bärenreiter, pp. 503–511.</ref> was the director of the Imperial School of Military Music in [[Vienna]]; his mother, Margarethe Sommer Hummel, was the widow of the wigmaker Josef Ludwig. The couple married just four months before his birth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jnhummel.info/en/lifeearlylife.php|title=The Hummel Project – Hummel's Life – His Early Life and Mozart|access-date=28 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324212713/http://www.jnhummel.info/en/lifeearlylife.php|archive-date=24 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Hummel was a child prodigy. At the age of eight, he was offered music lessons by the classical composer [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], who was impressed with his ability. Hummel was taught and housed by Mozart for two years free of charge. He made his first concert appearance at the age of nine, at one of Mozart's concerts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroll |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScgwbDvyYvUC&q=hummel+composer+biography |title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8108-5920-3 |language=en}}</ref>

Hummel's father then took him on a European tour, arriving in [[London]] in 1790, where he received lessons from [[Muzio Clementi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Badura-Skoda |first=Eva |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ui48DwAAQBAJ&dq=hummel+london+clementi&pg=PA461 |title=The Eighteenth-Century Fortepiano Grand and Its Patrons: From Scarlatti to Beethoven |date=2017-11-20 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02264-6 |language=en}}</ref> He played to much acclaim at the [[Hanover Square Rooms]], performing a Mozart piano concerto and a sonata of his own.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murray |first=Christopher John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GS8DWMLRYEC&dq=hummel+haydn+piano+sonata+london&pg=PA537 |title=Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850 |date=2013-05-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-45579-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 1791, at the same venue, the thirteen-year-old Hummel premiered a piano trio by Haydn.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siek |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXQ1DQAAQBAJ&dq=hummel+mozart+hanover+rooms&pg=PA77 |title=A Dictionary for the Modern Pianist |date=2016-11-10 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8108-8880-7 |language=en}}</ref>

He returned to Vienna in 1793, giving concerts along his route.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pereira |first=Artur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uYLEAAAQBAJ&dq=Johann+Nepomuk+hummel+return+to+vienna+1793&pg=PT208 |title=Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind the Tributes |date=2020-12-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-99787-7 |language=en}}</ref> Upon his return, he was taught by [[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]], [[Joseph Haydn]], and [[Antonio Salieri]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shrock |first=Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpScEAAAQBAJ&dq=Johann+Georg+Albrechtsberger%2C+Joseph+Haydn%2C+and+Antonio+Salieri+hummel&pg=PA432 |title=Choral Repertoire |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-762240-7 |language=en}}</ref> At about this time, young [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] arrived in Vienna and also took lessons from Haydn and Albrechtsberger. The two men became friends, and Hummel took part in several performances of Beethoven's orchestral work ''[[Wellington's Victory|Wellingtons Sieg]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pereira |first=Artur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uYLEAAAQBAJ&dq=hummel+friendship+beethoven&pg=PT208 |title=Beethoven's Dedications: Stories Behind the Tributes |date=2020-12-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-99787-7 |language=en}}</ref>

On 16 May 1813, he married the opera singer [[Elisabeth Röckel]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clive |first=H. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0597Beh43EC&dq=16th+of+May+1813+Elisabeth+R%C3%B6ckel&pg=PA173 |title=Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-816672-6 |language=en}}</ref> The following year, at her request, was spent touring Russia and the rest of Europe. The couple had two sons.<ref name=AM1>{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0002137067|label=Johann Nepomuk Hummel|first=Robert|last=Cummins|access-date=27 September 2012}}</ref> The younger, [[Carl Hummel|Carl]] (1821–1907), became a well-known landscape painter. The older, {{ill|Eduard Hummel|de|lt=Eduard}}, worked as pianist, conductor, and composer; he moved to the U.S. and died in [[Troy, New York]].

Hummel visited Beethoven in Vienna on several occasions with his wife Elisabeth and his pupil [[Ferdinand Hiller]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Breuning |first=Gerhard von |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnqbARD_8BYC&dq=Hummel+visited+Beethoven+in+Vienna+on+several+occasions+with+his+wife+Elisabeth+and+pupil+Ferdinand+Hiller&pg=PA139 |title=Memories of Beethoven: From the House of the Black-Robed Spaniards |date=1995-03-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-48489-3 |language=en}}</ref> Hummel would later perform at Beethoven's memorial concert.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tommasini |first=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LhMDwAAQBAJ&dq=beethoven%27s+memorial+concert+hummel&pg=PA7 |title=The Indispensable Composers: A Personal Guide |date=2018-11-06 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-698-15013-3 |language=en}}</ref>

Hummel had made friends with [[Franz Schubert]], who dedicated his [[Schubert's last sonatas|last three piano sonatas]] to Hummel. However, both men had died by the time of the first publication of the sonatas, and the publishers changed the dedication to [[Robert Schumann]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murray |first=Lucy Miller |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8D59CAAAQBAJ&dq=schubert+dedicated+last%C2%A0three+piano+sonatas+to+hummel&pg=PA228 |title=Chamber Music: An Extensive Guide for Listeners |date=2015-04-09 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4343-9 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Career ===
[[File:Johann-nepomuk-hummel.jpg|thumb|upright|Hummel, portrait by [[Joseph Willibrord Mähler]], c. 1814, Goethe-Museum, Düsseldorf]]
In 1804, Hummel became ''[[Konzertmeister]]'' to [[Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy]]'s estate at [[Schloss Esterházy|Eisenstadt]]. Although he had taken over many of the duties of ''[[Kapellmeister]]'' because Haydn's health did not permit him to perform them himself, he continued to be known simply as the ''Konzertmeister'' out of respect to Haydn, receiving the title of ''Kapellmeister'', or music director, to the Eisenstadt court only after the older composer died in May 1809. He remained in the service of Prince Esterházy for seven years altogether before being dismissed in May 1811 for neglecting his duties.<ref>{{AllMusic|class=composition|id=mc0002365511|label=Piano Sonata No. 3 in F minor, Op. 20|first=Robert|last=Cummins|access-date=27 September 2012}}</ref>

Hummel later held the positions of ''Kapellmeister'' in Stuttgart from 1816 to 1818 and in [[Weimar]] from 1819 to 1837, where he formed a friendship with [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]. Hummel brought one of the first musicians' pension schemes into existence, giving [[benefit concert]] tours to help raise funds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroll |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4METfBc0IMC&dq=johann+hummel+pension+fund&pg=PA238 |title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World |date=2007-10-15 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-1-4616-6008-8 |language=en}}</ref> In his fight against unethical music publishers, Hummel also was a key figure in establishing the principles of intellectual property and copyright law.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroll |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScgwbDvyYvUC&dq=johann+hummel+copyright+law&pg=PA337 |title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8108-5920-3 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1825, the Parisian music-publishing firm of [[Aristide Farrenc]] announced that it had acquired the French publishing rights for all future works by Hummel. In 1830, Hummel gave three concerts in Paris; at one of them, a rondo by Hummel was performed by Aristide Farrenc's wife, the composer [[Louise Farrenc]], who also "sought Hummel's comments on her keyboard technique".<ref>Bea Friedland, ''Louise Farrenc, 1804–1875: Composer, Performer, Scholar'', 1980, Ann Arbor, UMI Press, pp. 15–16, ISN=0-8357-1111-0</ref>

In 1832, at the age of 54 and in failing health, Hummel began to devote less energy to his duties as music director at Weimar. In addition, after Goethe's death in March 1832 he had less contact with local theatrical circles and as a result was in partial retirement from 1832 until his death in 1837.<ref name=AM1 />

=== Last years and legacy ===
[[File:Hummel-Grab Weimar.jpg|thumb|Hummel's grave in the Historical Cemetery, Weimar]]
At the end of his life, Hummel saw the rise of a new school of young composers and virtuosi, and found his own music slowly going out of fashion. His disciplined and clean [[Muzio Clementi|Clementi]]-style technique, and his balanced classicism, opposed him to the rising school of tempestuous bravura displayed by the likes of Liszt. Composing less and less, but still highly respected and admired, Hummel died peacefully in Weimar on 17 October 1837.{{cn|date=May 2025}} As with Haydn, Mozart, and some other notable composers of the time, Hummel was a [[Freemasonry|freemason]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goodall |first=Howard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=by4QTHmBORwC&dq=johann+hummel+freemason&pg=PA128 |title=The Story of Music |date=2013-01-10 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4481-3086-3 |language=en}}</ref> Hummel bequeathed a considerable portion of his famous garden behind his Weimar residence to his masonic lodge. His grave is in the [[Historical Cemetery, Weimar]].

Although Hummel died famous, with a lasting posthumous reputation apparently secure, he and his music were quickly forgotten at the onrush of the [[Romantic period]], perhaps because his classical ideas were seen as old-fashioned. Later, during the classical revival of the early twentieth century, Hummel was passed over. As with [[Joseph Haydn|Franz Joseph Haydn]], whose musical revival had to wait until the second half of the twentieth century, Hummel was overshadowed by Mozart and especially, Beethoven. Due to an increasing number of recordings and live performances, his music has become reestablished in the classical repertoire.

Notable students include [[Ferdinand Hiller]] and [[Alexander Müller (composer)|Alexander Müller]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Newman |first=Ernest |authorlink=Ernest Newman |year=1937 |title=The Life of Richard Wagner: 1848–1860 |volume=2 |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |location=New York |oclc=928752154 |page=114 }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{See also|List of compositions by Johann Nepomuk Hummel}}
[[File:Johann Nepomuk Hummel - Il viaggiator ridicolo. (BL Add MS 32197 f. 1v).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A surviving manuscript of Hummel's work, probably in his own hand]]
Hummel's music took a different direction from that of Beethoven. Looking forward, Hummel stepped into modernity through pieces such as his [[Piano Sonata No. 5 (Hummel)|Piano Sonata in F-sharp minor, Op. 81]], cherished by [[Robert Schumann]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Edler |first=Arnfried |title=Robert Schumann |publisher=C. H. Beck |year=2009 |location=Munich |pages=75}}</ref> and his Fantasy, Op. 18, which would have a major influence for [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]]'s ''[[Wanderer Fantasy]]'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sichrovsky |first1=Heinz |url=https://www.naxos.com/MainSite/BlurbsReviews/?itemcode=8.557836&catnum=557836&filetype=AboutThisRecording&language=English|title=About this Recording: Hummel: Fantasies|website=[[Naxos Records]]}}</ref> for piano. These pieces are examples where Hummel may be seen to both challenge the classical harmonic structures and to stretch the [[sonata form]].

His main [[wikt:oeuvre|oeuvre]] is for the piano, on which instrument he was one of the great virtuosi of his day. He wrote eight [[piano concerto]]s, a [[double concerto]] for violin and piano, ten [[piano sonata]]s, eight [[piano trio]]s, a [[piano quartet]], two piano septets, a [[piano quintet]], and [[four hand piano]] music. Of his eight piano concertos the first two are early compositions (S. 4/[[WoO]] 24 and S. 5) and the later six were numbered and published with opus numbers (Opp. 36, 85 (number 2 in A minor), 89, 110, 113, and posth), his often performed Piano Concerto No. 5 in Ab Op 113.

Aside from the piano, Hummel wrote a wind octet, a [[cello sonata]], a [[mandolin]] concerto, a mandolin sonata, a [[Trumpet Concerto (Hummel)|Trumpet Concerto]] in E major written for the [[keyed trumpet]] (usually heard now in E-flat major – better suited to modern trumpets), a "Grand [[Bassoon]] Concerto" in F, a quartet for [[clarinet]], [[violin]], [[viola]], and [[cello]], 22 [[opera]]s and [[Singspiel]]s, [[mass (music)|masses]], and more. He also wrote a [[Variation (music)|variation]] on a [[Theme (music)|theme]] supplied by [[Anton Diabelli]] for part 2 of ''[[Vaterländischer Künstlerverein]]''.

Hummel was very interested in the [[guitar]] and was talented with the instrument. He was prolific in his writing for it, beginning with opus 7 and finishing with opus 93. Other guitar works include Opp. 43, 53, 62, 63, 66, 71, and 91, which are written for a mixture of instruments.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/guitarmandolinbi00bone ''The Guitar and Mandolin, biographies of celebrated players and composers for these instruments''] by [[Philip J. Bone]], London: Schott and Co., 1914.</ref>

Hummel's output is marked by the conspicuous lack of a [[symphony]]. 

== Influence ==
[[File:JNHummel.jpg|thumb|upright|Bust of Hummel near the [[Deutsches Nationaltheater und Staatskapelle Weimar|Deutsches Nationaltheater]] in Weimar]]
While in Germany, Hummel published ''A Complete Theoretical and Practical Course of Instruction on the Art of Playing the Piano Forte'' (''Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel'', 1828). It sold thousands of copies within days of its publication and brought about a new style of fingering and of playing ornaments.

Later nineteenth-century pianistic technique was influenced by Hummel, through his instruction of [[Carl Czerny]] who later taught [[Franz Liszt]]. Czerny had transferred to Hummel after studying three years with Beethoven. Liszt knew and admired Hummel and often performed his works, a particular favourite being the Septet Op. 74.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroll |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScgwbDvyYvUC&dq=hummel+%C2%A0liszt&pg=PA299 |title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8108-5920-3 |language=en}}</ref>

Hummel's influence also can be seen in the early works of [[Felix Mendelssohn]], [[Frédéric Chopin]], and [[Robert Schumann]]. The shadow of Hummel's [[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Hummel)|Piano Concerto in B minor]] as well as his [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Hummel)|Piano Concerto in A minor]] may be particularly perceived in Chopin's concertos.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Walker (musicologist)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIibvgEACAAJ |title=Fryderyk Chopin: A Life and Times |date=2019-12-03 |publisher=Picador |isbn=978-1-250-23482-7}}</ref> This is unsurprising, considering that Chopin must have heard Hummel on one of the latter's concert tours to Poland and Russia, and that Chopin kept Hummel's piano concertos in his active repertoire. [[Harold C. Schonberg]], in ''The Great Pianists'', writes "...the openings of the Hummel A minor and the [[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Chopin)|Chopin E minor]] concertos are too close to be coincidental".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schonberg|first=Harold C.|author-link=Harold C. Schonberg|title=The Great Pianists|url=https://archive.org/details/greatpianists00scho|url-access=registration|via=[[Internet Archive]]|edition=rev. & updated|year=1987|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York City|isbn = 0-671-64200-6|page=110}}</ref> In relation to Chopin's [[Preludes (Chopin)|Preludes, Op. 28]], Schonberg says: "It also is hard to escape the notion that Chopin was very familiar with Hummel's now-forgotten Op. 67,<ref>[http://kern.ccarh.org/cgi-bin/ksbrowse?l=hummel/preludes Scans from Universal Edition c. 1900, and symbolic data for Op. 67 preludes]</ref> composed in 1815&nbsp;– a set of [[Music written in all 24 major and minor keys|twenty-four preludes in all major and minor keys]], starting with C major".

Schumann studied Hummel's ''Anweisung zum Pianofortespiel'', and considered becoming his pupil.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jensen |first=Eric Frederick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTS_OQxucPcC&dq=schumann+hummel&pg=PP66 |title=Schumann |date=2012-02-13 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-983195-1 |language=en}}</ref> Liszt's father [[Adam Liszt|Adam]] refused to pay the high tuition fee Hummel was used to charging (thus Liszt ended up studying with Czerny). Czerny, [[Friedrich Silcher]], [[Ferdinand Hiller]], [[Sigismond Thalberg]], and [[Adolf von Henselt]] were among Hummel's most prominent students. He also briefly gave some lessons to [[Felix Mendelssohn]].<ref>Joel Sachs, "Hummel, Johann Nepomuk", §6 'Performance and teaching', [[Oxford Music Online]] (subscription only), accessed 29 May 2011</ref>

According to Schubert's friend Albert Stadler, Schubert's [[Trout Quintet]] was modelled on an earlier Hummel work, the quintet version of his Septet in D minor for Flute, Oboe, Horn, Viola, Cello, Bass, and Piano, Op. 74.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kroll |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4METfBc0IMC&dq=trout+quintet+influenced+by+hummel&pg=PA83 |title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World |date=2007-10-15 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-1-4616-6008-8 |language=en}}</ref> It also may have been influenced by Hummel's Quintet in E-flat, Op. 87.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sdBkAwAAQBAJ&dq=schubert+trout+hummel&pg=PA145 |title=Schubert's Beethoven Project |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-65087-8 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* ''Johann Nepomuk Hummel: Der Mensch und Künstler''. Karl Benyovszky, Breslau: Eos-Verlag 1934.
* ''Zwischen Klassik und Klassizismus. Johann Nepomuk Hummel in Wien und Weimar''. [[Anselm Gerhard]], [[Laurenz Lütteken]] (editors), Kassel: Bärenreiter 2003.
* {{cite book|last=Kroll|first=Mark|title=Johann Nepomuk Hummel: A Musician's Life and World|year=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5920-3|ref=none}}
* [[Michael Lorenz (musicologist)|Lorenz, Michael]]: [http://michaelorenz.blogspot.co.at/2013/07/maria-eva-hummel-postscript.html "Maria Eva Hummel. A Postscript"], Vienna 2013
* ''Kapellmeister Hummel in England and France''. Joel Sachs, Detroit: Information Coordinators 1977.
* ''Johann Nepomuk Hummel und Weimar. Komponist, Klaviervirtuose, Kapellmeister 1778–1837''. Kurt Thomas, Weimar: Rat der Stadt 1987
* Dieter Zimmerschied. ''Die Kammermusik Johann Nepomuk Hummels''. Mainz 1966.
* Dieter Zimmerschied. ''Thematisches Verzeichnis der Werke von Johann Nepomuk Hummel''. Hofheim am Taunus: Hofmeister 1971.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Johann Nepomuk Hummel}}
{{EB1911 poster|Hummel, Johann Nepomuk}}
* {{IMSLP|id=Hummel, Johann Nepomuk|cname=Johann Nepomuk Hummel}}
* {{ChoralWiki}}
* {{OL author|2411281A}}
* Mikio Tao, ''Works Catalogue of Hummel'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080530163015/http://www.geocities.com/mbfleur/Works_Catalog_of_Hummel.pdf](pdf)
* [http://www.hummel-gesellschaft-weimar.de/ Hummel Gesellschaft Weimar], Hummel society in Weimar (in German)
* [http://www.hummelhaus-weimar.de/ Hummel's House in Marienstrasse 8, Weimar] Official website of the Hummel House, by the Lückhoff Institute
* [http://hummelnote.wix.com/hummelnote/ Hummel notes written in Japanese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115453/http://hummelnote.wix.com/hummelnote/ |date=4 March 2016 }} by Mikio Tao

{{Johann Nepomuk Hummel}}
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{{Romantic music}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hummel, Johann Nepomuk}}
[[Category:1778 births]]
[[Category:1837 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Austrian classical composers]]
[[Category:18th-century classical pianists]]
[[Category:18th-century keyboardists]]
[[Category:18th-century Austrian male musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Austrian classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century Austrian classical pianists]]
[[Category:19th-century keyboardists]]
[[Category:19th-century Austrian male musicians]]
[[Category:Austrian Classical-period composers]]
[[Category:Austrian Freemasons]]
[[Category:Austrian male classical composers]]
[[Category:Austrian Romantic composers]]
[[Category:Austrian string quartet composers]]
[[Category:Classical composers of church music]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:Composers for the classical guitar]]
[[Category:Composers from the Austrian Empire]]
[[Category:Austrian male classical pianists]]
[[Category:Pupils of Antonio Salieri]]
[[Category:Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]]
[[Category:Musicians from Bratislava]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society]]