View source for John Henry (horse)

{{Short description|American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse}}
{{Other uses|John Henry (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox racehorse
| horsename = John Henry
| image_name = Image:John Henry 02.jpg
| caption = John Henry at the [[Kentucky Horse Park]] in 2006
| sire = Ole Bob Bowers
| grandsire = [[Prince Blessed]]
| dam = Once Double
| damsire = [[Double Jay (horse)|Double Jay]]
| sex = [[Gelding]]
| foaled = March 9, 1975<ref name="equineline1975">{{cite web|url=http://www.equineline.com/Free-5X-Pedigree.cfm?page_state=ORDER_AND_CONFIRM&reference_number=635131&registry=T&horse_name=John%20Henry&dam_name=Once%20Double&foaling_year=1975&nicking_stats_indicator=Y |title=John Henry pedigree |publisher=equineline.com |date=2012-05-08 |access-date=2014-01-05}}</ref>
| country = United States
| color = Brown
| breeder = [[Golden Chance Farm]]
| owner = [[Dotsam Stable]]. Colors: Brown, powder blue hoop and bar on sleeves, brown and blue cap.
| trainer = [[Robert Donato]]<br />[[Victor J. Nickerson|Lefty Nickerson]]<br />[[Ron McAnally]]
| record = 83: 39-15-9
| earnings = $6,591,860
| race = [[Round Table Handicap]] (1978)<br />[[Hialeah Turf Cup Handicap]] (1980)<br />[[San Gabriel Handicap]] (1980)<br />[[Clement L. Hirsch Memorial Turf Championship Stakes|Oak Tree Turf Championship]]<br />(1980, 1981, 1982)<br />[[Charles Whittingham Stakes|Hollywood Invitational Handicap]]<br />(1980, 1981, 1984) <br />[[San Luis Rey Handicap]] (1980, 1981)<br />[[Santa Anita Handicap]] (1981, 1982)<br />[[Arlington Million]] (1981, 1984)<br />[[Jockey Club Gold Cup]] (1981)<br />[[Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Invitational Handicap|Turf Classic Invitational]] (1984)<br />[[Sunset Handicap]] (1984)
| awards= [[American Champion Older Male Horse|U.S. Champion Older Male Horse]] (1981)<br /> 4× [[American Champion Male Turf Horse|U.S. Champion Turf Horse]]<br />(1980, 1981, 1983, 1984)<br /> 2× [[American Horse of the Year|United States Horse of the Year]]<br />(1981, 1984)
| honors = [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame|U.S. Racing Hall of Fame]] (1990)<br />[[Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century|#23 - Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century]]<br />[[Statue]] at [[Arlington Park]]<br />[[Statue]] at [[Santa Anita Park]]
|updated= September 17, 2006
}}

'''John Henry''' (March 9, 1975 &ndash; October 8, 2007) was an American champion [[Thoroughbred]] [[racehorse]]. He was sired by Ole Bob Bowers (by [[Prince Blessed]]) out of Once Double (by [[Double Jay (horse)|Double Jay]]). John Henry had 39 wins with $6,591,860 in earnings, was twice voted the [[Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year]], and was listed as #23 on ''Blood Horse'' magazine's [[Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century|Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century]].

==Background==
The horse was named after the [[folk hero]] [[John Henry (folklore)|John Henry]]. As a colt, John Henry had a habit of tearing steel water and feed buckets off stall walls and stomping them flat. This reminded his owners of the legendary John Henry, who was known as a "steel-drivin' man".{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/johnhenry/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712012224/http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/johnhenry/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-12|title=NPR : John Henry, Present at the Creation|website=[[NPR]] |date=2012-07-12|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> He was [[Gelding|gelded]] both for his temperament as well as his lack of good breeding, which meant that he would have been unlikely to be in much demand as a breeding stallion. John Henry was a [[Golden Chance Farm]] foal. His sire, Ole Bob Bowers, was sired by [[Prince Blessed]] and his dam, Once Double, was sired by [[Double Jay (horse)|Double Jay]], a [[graded stakes race]] winner.

John Henry was back at the knee (a flaw in [[Equine conformation|conformation]] that generally makes a long racing career unlikely), undersized, and plainly bred. He was sold as a yearling for $1,100 at the [[Keeneland Sales|Keeneland January Mixed sale]] to John Callaway who is credited with giving John Henry his name.

==Racing record==
John Henry had a series of trainers, and earned money in minor stakes, allowance races, and mid-level claiming races. In 1978, [[New York City]] businessman Sam Rubin and his wife Dorothy paid $25,000 sight-unseen for the three-year-old John Henry. Racing under the Rubins' [[Dotsam Stable]] banner, he was first conditioned by [[Horse trainer|trainer]] [[Robert Donato]]. Under him, John Henry won 6 of 19 starts and $120,000, starting the year as a cheap claimer and getting his first [[Graded stakes race|graded stakes]] win in the [[Round Table Handicap]] at [[Arlington Park]].

In 1979, John Henry was given to a new trainer, Lefty Nickerson. Under him, John Henry won 4 of 11 races in 1979. When the grass season was over in New York, Rubin decided to send the horse to California under trainer [[Ron McAnally]]. Under McAnally, John Henry won six stakes races in a row.

Racing through the age of nine, John Henry won the 1981 [[Santa Anita Handicap]] and repeated in 1982 after [[Perrault (horse)|Perrault]] was disqualified. He is one of only three horses with back-to-back victories in the race's 72-year history. He also won the [[Arlington Million|Arlington Million Stakes]] twice and won three renewals of both the [[Hollywood Invitational Handicap]] and the [[Oak Tree Invitational Stakes]], two Grade I turf stakes in Southern California. He won one of America's most important races for older horses, the 1981 [[Jockey Club Gold Cup]] at [[Belmont Park]], at {{convert|1+1/2|mi}} on the dirt. This victory clinched his first Horse of the Year title, and as noted on the CBS telecast of that race (October 10, 1981, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHexkk8Xhl0), becoming the sport's all-time leading money earner.

A bronze statue called ''Against All Odds'', created by Edwin Bogucki, stands on a balcony overlooking the paddock at [[Arlington Park]]. It commemorates one of John Henry's most famous finishes; in 1981, at the inaugural [[Arlington Million]], John Henry won over 5-year-old The Bart in a photo finish.

On December 11, 1983, John Henry became the first racehorse to surpass $4 million in career earnings when he won the [[Hollywood Turf Cup Stakes]] with jockey [[Chris McCarron]] at [[Hollywood Park Racetrack]].

John Henry's last race was the 1984 Ballantine Scotch Classic at the [[Meadowlands Racetrack|Meadowlands]]. As he took the lead in the stretch, Meadowlands track announcer [[Dave Johnson (announcer)|Dave Johnson]] exclaimed, "And down the stretch they come! The old man, John Henry, takes command!" He pulled away to his 39th career victory and his second Horse of the Year title. The final time of 2:13 equaled the track record for {{convert|1+3/8|mi}}.

John Henry was a late entry into the Inaugural Breeders Cup in 1984 but a strained ligament in his left foreleg caused him to be withdrawn from the race and retired.

John Henry's final race record stood at 83 starts, 39 wins, 15 seconds, and 9 thirds with $6,591,860 in earnings. He was twice voted the [[Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year]] in 1981 and 1984; 1981 being the first unanimous election of the winner. That feat was not repeated until 2015 when Triple Crown winner [[American Pharoah]] was also elected unanimously.<ref name="Eclipse2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.ntra.com/american-pharoah-is-unanimous-2015-horse-of-the-year/|title=American Pharoah is Unanimous 2015 Horse of the Year|work=NTRA|date=January 16, 2016|access-date=January 18, 2016}}</ref>

==Retirement==
[[Image:JH nameplate.JPG|thumb|200px|left|John Henry's brass nameplate]]
After retirement, Rubin sent John Henry to the Hall of Champions at [[Kentucky Horse Park]] in [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]]. He joined three time Horse of the Year Forego, as well as Standardbred Rambling Willie, and Throroughbreds Rossi Gold and A Letter To Harry. The Hall Of Champions would in time become home to retired Thoroughbred champions [[Cigar (horse)|Cigar]], [[Da Hoss]] and [[Funny Cide]].<ref name="Herald-Leader obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.kentucky.com/302/story/197536.html |title=The champion is now the legend |first=Maryjean |last=Wall |newspaper=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=2007-10-08 |access-date=2007-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014070804/http://kentucky.com/302/story/197536.html |archive-date=2007-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Regular rider [[Chris McCarron]] often described John Henry as very smart, commenting: "I'm just along for the ride." John Henry, in the view of many followers of thoroughbred racing, was one of the best come-from-behind horses (or "closers") in recent history. In ''[[The Blood-Horse magazine|The Blood-Horse]]'' ranking of the [[Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century|top 100 U.S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century]], he was ranked #23. John Henry was inducted into the [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]] in [[Saratoga Springs, New York]] in 1990.<ref>John Henry Memorial Fund</ref>

==Death==
John Henry was [[animal euthanasia|euthanized]] at 7:05 pm [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|EDT]] (2305 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on October 8, 2007, at the age of 32. He developed serious kidney problems and stopped responding to veterinary treatment, so the decision was made to put him down.<ref name="Herald-Leader obit"/> He was buried on the night of his death in front of the Hall of Champions at a spot in front of his paddock. A memorial service was held at the park on October 19.<ref name="KHP service">{{cite news|url=http://kentucky.com/181/story/197772.html |title=Memorial service set for John Henry |newspaper=Lexington Herald-Leader |date=2007-10-09 |access-date=2007-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012181937/http://kentucky.com/181/story/197772.html |archive-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==John Henry's accomplishments==
* Oldest horse to win [[Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year]] - at age 9
* Oldest horse to win a Grade 1 race - at age 9 (tied)
* Only horse to win the [[Arlington Million]] (G1) twice - 1981 & 1984
* One of only three horses to win the [[Santa Anita Handicap]] (G1) twice - 1981 & 1982
* Won more graded stakes than any other Thoroughbred - 25
* Retired as the world's richest thoroughbred - July 28, 1985
* Inducted into [[National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame]] in 1990
* Raced in 46 graded (G1, G2, G3) races
* Raced on 18 different North American race tracks
* Won inaugural running of the [[Arlington Million]] (1981)
* Oldest horse at age 9 to win the [[Arlington Million]] (1984)
* Won on 13 different North American Race Tracks

==Pedigree==
{{Pedigree
|name = John Henry (USA), brown gelding, 1975<ref name="equineline1975"/>
|f = Ole Bob Bowers <br /> 1963
|m = Once Double <br /> 1967
|ff = [[Prince Blessed]]<br /> 1957
|fm = Blue Jeans<br /> 1950
|mf = [[Double Jay (horse)|Double Jay]]<br /> 1944
|mm = Intent One <br /> 1955
|fff = [[Princequillo]]
|ffm = Dog Blessed
|fmf = [[Bull Lea]]
|fmm = Blue Grass
|mff = [[Balladier]]
|mfm = Broomshot
|mmf = Intent
|mmm = Dusty Legs
|ffff = [[Prince Rose]]
|fffm = Cosquilla
|ffmf = '''[[Bull Dog (horse)|Bull Dog]]*'''
|ffmm = '''Blessed Again*'''
|fmff = '''Bull Dog*'''
|fmfm = Rose Leaves
|fmmf = '''[[Blue Larkspur]]*'''
|fmmm = Camelot
|mfff = [[Black Toney]]
|mffm = Blue Warbler
|mfmf = [[Whisk Broom II|Whisk Broom]]
|mfmm = Centre Shot
|mmff = [[War Relic]]
|mmfm = Liz F.
|mmmf = [[Mahmoud (horse)|Mahmoud]]
|mmmm = Dustemall<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Families/Family8c.htm |title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines - Woodbine - Family 8-c |publisher=Bloodlines.net |access-date=2014-01-05 |archive-date=2013-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922010739/http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Families/Family8c.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}}

{{asterisk}} John Henry is [[inbreeding|inbred]] 4S x 4S to the stallion [[Bull Dog (horse)|Bull Dog]], meaning that he appears fourth generation twice on the sire side of his pedigree.

{{asterisk}} John Henry is inbred 5S x 4S to the stallion [[Blue Larkspur]], meaning that he appears fifth generation (via Blessed Again) and fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree.

==See also==
{{Portal|1980s}}
* [[List of racehorses]]
* [[List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses]]
* [[Repeat winners of horse races]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04E7DC1038F931A3575BC0A963948260 "Retirement Home" UPI August 2, 1985]
* [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50712FA3B590C728CDDAC0894DE484D81 "John Henry, at 11, is returning to races" New York Times May 1, 1986]
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE7DA1431F930A2575BC0A960948260 "No Comeback" New York Times August 13, 1986]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060508024459/http://www.racingmuseum.org/hall/horse.asp?ID=93 John Henry's page in the United States' Hall of Fame, with photo and videos]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070101062902/http://news.bloodhorse.com/viewstory.asp?id=27075 2005 Bloodhorse.com article ''Fans Celebrate John Henry's 30th Birthday'']
* [[Steve Haskin|Haskin, Steve]]. ''John Henry'' [[Blood-Horse Publications|Eclipse Press]] (2001) {{ISBN|978-1-58150-150-6}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928072755/http://www.kyhorsepark.com/blog2.php?pageid=1&sectionid=1 John Henry at the Kentucky Horse Park]

==External links==
* [https://johnhenryhorse.blogspot.com/ A blog site dedicated to John Henry with current information and updates]
* [http://www.johnhenrymovie.com/ Official website of the documentary film]

{{American Horse of the Year winners}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:John Henry (Horse)}}
[[Category:1975 racehorse births]]
[[Category:2007 racehorse deaths]]
[[Category:Racehorses bred in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Racehorses trained in the United States]]
[[Category:Horse racing track record setters]]
[[Category:American Grade 1 Stakes winners]]
[[Category:American Thoroughbred Horse of the Year]]
[[Category:United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Eclipse Award winners]]
[[Category:Horse monuments]]
[[Category:Thoroughbred family 8-c]]