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{{short description|Hungarian American jeweler and socialite (1896–1997)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox noble
|name        = Jolie Gabor
|title       = Countess de Szigethy
|image       = Jolie Gabor.jpg
|birth_name  = Janka Tilleman
|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1896|9|30|mf=yes}}<ref name="nickmgombash">Date of birth was September 30, 1896, although most sources cite September 29; September 30 date and her name at birth as "Janka" not "Jansci" are supported by her birth certificate (see image){{cite web|url=http://nickmgombash.blogspot.ro/2012/04/hungarian-jewish-family-tree-of-zsa-zsa.html|title=The Hungarian-Jewish Family Tree of Zsa Zsa Gabor|publisher=nickmgombash.blogspot.ro|date=April 2012}}</ref><ref>Some sources have incorrectly indicated 1894, such as ''Dictionary of Women Worldwide. 25,000 women through the ages'' (3 volumes; edited by [[Anne Commire]]). Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications, 2007.{{ISBN?}}</ref>
|birth_place = [[Budapest]], Austria-Hungary
|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1997|4|1|1896|09|30|mf=yes}}
|death_place = [[Palm Springs, California]], U.S.
|burial_place = [[Desert Memorial Park]]
|occupation  = Jeweler, businesswoman, socialite, writer
|spouse      = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Vilmos Gábor|1914|1939|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Howard Peter Christman|1947|1948|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Count Odon Szigethy|1957|1989|end=died}}
}}
|issue = [[Magda Gabor|Magda]], [[Zsa Zsa Gabor|Zsa Zsa]] and [[Eva Gabor]]
}}

{{eastern name order|Tilleman Janka}}
'''Jolie Gabor, Countess de Szigethy'''<!-- Gravestone at https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/3219/jolie-gabor (Find-a-Grave) does not include the name "Christman"; apparently her second marriage was not particularly notable. --> (born '''Janka Tilleman'''; September 30, 1896 – April 1, 1997) was a Hungarian-born American jeweler and [[socialite]], known as the mother of actresses and fellow socialites [[Magda Gabor|Magda]], [[Zsa Zsa Gabor|Zsa Zsa]] and [[Eva Gabor]].

==Family==

[[File:Birth Record for Jolie Gabor (born Jancsi Tilleman).jpg|thumb|left|Birth Record for Janka Tilleman]]

Gabor was born Janka Tilleman<ref>Also spelled '''Tillemann''' by other branches of the family, i.e. [[Annette Lantos|Annette Tillemann Lantos]].</ref> on September 30, 1896, in [[Budapest]], [[Austria-Hungary]]. Her parents were Jona (or Jónás) Hersch Tilleman (son of Schie Tilleman and Scheindel Grossman) and Chawe Feige (later  Franceska) Tilleman (née Reinharz, Reinharcz, or Reinhartz; daughter of Eiseg Reinharz and Dorottya Stein); both of Jolie's parents were of [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galician]] [[Jewish]] ancestry (Galicia was then part of the [[Austrian Empire]], present-day in [[Poland]] and in [[Ukraine]]). The Tillemans were jewelers who owned a jewellery shop known as "The Diamond House". Her father changed his forenames to József. The Tilleman family's Jewish descent was also cited by a surgeon, Dr. Laszlo Tauber,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/31/us/laszlo-tauber-dies-at-87-a-patron-in-war-and-peace.html | title=Laszlo Tauber Dies at 87; A Patron in War and Peace | work=The New York Times | date=July 31, 2002 | last1=Lewis | first1=Paul }}</ref> also Jewish and a friend and neighbor of the Gabors in Budapest.<ref> ''Forbes Magazine'', volume 134, October 1984, p. 40.</ref>

The Reinharz family of Gabor's mother had established jewelry shops in Vienna; her mother's uncle helped the Tillemans open their jewelry business, "The Diamond House", located at Rákóczi utca 54. in Budapest.<ref>''Jolie Gabor'', by Jolie Gabor as told to Cindy Adams, Mason Charter, 1975, p. 4</ref><ref name="San Antonio Light 1950, p. 16"/><ref>In her own memoirs, Zsa Zsa Gabor used the spelling ''Franceska''.</ref> Franceska (Josef Tilleman's widow), briefly married a medical doctor and general physician, Dr. Miksa Kende (né Kohn), son of Mór Lipót Kohn and Resi Kohn.<ref>Dr Kende (Jolie's stepfather)'s name and the correct spelling of his surname cited in ''Em lékkönyv a Királyi magyar természettudományi társulat'' (''Magyar Természettudományi Társulat'', 1892), p. 792. {{ISBN?}}</ref>

Gabor was the aunt of Annette Tilleman (b. 1931), daughter of Jolie's brother Sebestyén Tilleman, and wife of Hungarian-American U.S. Representative [[Tom Lantos]] (né Lantos Tamás Péter, in Budapest), the first, and to date only, Holocaust survivor to serve in either house of the United States Congress. Szebasztian Tilleman (or Tillemann as his branch of the family style themselves) and his mother, the Tilleman matriarch Franceska, were killed during an apparent Allied bombing raid on [[Budapest]] in 1944.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/01/01/MNGBDNB8MF1.DTL&type=printable|title=Lantos the master storyteller, communicator|first=Edward|last=Epstein|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=January 1, 2007}}</ref><ref>Kurt F. Stone. ''The Jews of Capitol Hill'' (Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 371){{ISBN?}} states that [[Annette Lantos|Annette Tillemann Lantos]] is a first cousin of the Gabor sisters, which would make her Jolie Gabor's niece. Annette Lantos's father, Sebestyén (or Sebastian), was Jolie's youngest and only male sibling. Annette's mother was Mary (née Seidner or Zeidner; 1908-1999).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westword.com/2008-07-10/news/denver-s-own-royal-tannenbaums/3|title=Denver's Own Royal Tenenbaums|page=3|first=Joel|last=Warner|publisher=Denver Westword|date=July 10, 2008}}</ref>

Addressing her birth forename, usually reserved for Hungarian males, Gabor stated, "My parents were so eager to have a son they named me Jancsi, which translated comes out Little John or Johnny".<ref>''Jolie Gabor'', by Jolie Gabor as told to [[Cindy Adams]], Mason Charter, 1975, p. 3{{ISBN?}}</ref> Her birth certificate, however, indicates her birth name was "[[Janka]]". Although born in 1896, Gabor claimed to have been born in 1900, once jokingly stating that she had lied so much about her age she did not remember her actual birth date.<ref>Jolie Gabor gives '''Tilleman''' as her maiden name in her autobiography, co-authored by Cindy Adams, using it as a chapter heading on page 23; she gives her mother's maiden name as Reinherz. And the review by ''Publishers Weekly'' of the memoirs enthused that "Jolie Gabor, née Jancsi Tilleman, fills every page of this zany life story with her Hungarian ebullience."</ref><ref>[http://ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/ssdi.cgi Social Security Death Index entry under the name JOLIE DESZIGETHY], ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com; accessed February 28, 2014.{{subscription required}}</ref> Her obituary in ''The New York Times'' gave a birth year of 1900.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/03/arts/jolie-gabor-eva-and-zsa-zsa-s-mother-97.html?scp=6&sq=eva%20gabor&st=cse|title=Jolie Gabor, Eva and Zsa Zsa's Mother, Dies|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 3, 1997|access-date=July 31, 2011}}</ref> On a ship's passenger manifest dated December 30, 1945, Gabor gave her age as 45 years and two months, which would make her year of birth 1900. Her birth certificate, however, confirms her birth year to be 1896.<ref>According to December 30, 1945 manifest, accessed on [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com (December 30, 2011)], a ''Johanna Gabor'' arrived in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] from [[Estoril, Portugal]] claiming to be 45 years old.</ref> Author [[Dominick Dunne]] stated, in 1995, that Gabor was believed to be 109, which would mean a birth year of approximately 1886.<ref>Dominick Dunne, "The Two Faces of O.J.", ''Vanity Fair'', November 1995, pp. 124-.</ref> A 1900 year of birth, however, would have made her 13 at the time of her first marriage. 

The 1987 edition of ''Biographical Dictionary'', cites Jolie Gabor's complete birthdate to be September 29, 1896, as does the 1959 ''International Celebrity Register''.<ref>''Biography Almanac'' (Gale Research, 1987), pg. 2366</ref><ref>Cleveland Amory, ''International Celebrity Register'' (Celebrity Register, 1959), p. 277</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://records.ancestry.com/fransiska_reinhartz_records.ashx?pid=189275688|title=Fransiska Reinhartz 1879 {sic} - 1944|publisher=ancestry.com|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>Jolie Gabor's name on a ship manifest in 1945 en route to the United States lists her as "Johanna Gabor".</ref><ref>Jolie's brother, Sebestyén (or Sebastian) Tilleman, was referenced in ''Zsa Zsa Gábor: my story, written for me by Gerold Frank'', World Publishing Co., 1960.{{ISBN?}}</ref>

==Career==

In the 1930s, Gabor opened ''Crystello'', a shop selling crystal and porcelain in Budapest, as well as ''Jolie's'', a handmade-costume-jewelry shop at 4 Kígyó utca in Budapest; she also established another branch of that shop in [[Győr]].<ref>''Zsa Zsa Gábor: my story, written for me by Gerold Frank'' (World Publishing Co., 1960), pp. 25, 126</ref> Eventually there were five such shops in the Budapest area.<ref name="Art Buchwald 1954 page 148">[[Art Buchwald]], ''Art Buchwald's Paris'' (Little, Brown, 1954), p. 148{{ISBN?}}</ref> The firm's jewels also incorporated semiprecious stones and were admired for their old-fashioned settings and workmanship.<ref>Sen Sahir Silan, ''I Do Not Regret'' (Vantage Press, 2005), p. 62{{ISBN?}}</ref>

"Just like Bulgari is known in Rome, that's how well-known I was in Budapest", Jolie once stated. "Jolie's did so well that at holiday time they were standing outside in line waiting until somebody goes out from the inside."<ref>''Jolie Gabor'' as told to Cindy Adams, Mason Charter, 1975, p. 126</ref> The rise of [[Nazism]] in Germany forced her to curtail her retail business, Gabor recalled, "Everybody told, 'Jolie is crazy to go now to Berlin and Leipzig for jewelry.' I never went again."<ref>''Jolie Gabor'', as told to Cindy Adams, Mason Charter, 1975, p. 216{{ISBN?}}</ref>

She was forced to close the stores when Hungary was occupied by the Germans, at which time she and other family members fled to Portugal.<ref>''Zsa Zsa Gábor: my story, written for me by Gerold Frank'' (World Publishing Co., 1960), p. 160{{ISBN?}}</ref> They were assisted by [[Carlos Sampaio Garrido]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/diplomats/list/dr-carlos-almeida-afonseca-de|title=Dr. Carlos Almeida Afonseca de Sampayo Garrido|publisher=raoulwallenberg.net|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref> Portuguese ambassador to Hungary — Gabor's daughter Magda reportedly was either his aide or his mistress — who provided safe passage to many Hungarian Jews in 1944.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/December-1996/The-Most-Wives-Club|title=The Most Wives Club|publisher=Palm Springs Life|date=December 1996|access-date=December 31, 2011|archive-date=May 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529222934/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/December-1996/The-Most-Wives-Club/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Magda, as aide, cited in ''Zsa Zsa Gabor: My story, written for me by Gerold Frank'' (World Publishing Co., 1960), p. 161{{ISBN?}}></ref> An article in ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' stated in 2001 that it was under Sampaio's guidance that the family "... had been spirited out of the country ..."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/society/features/2001/07/zsa-zsa-200107|title=Glamour and Goulash|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=July 2001}}</ref> Her brother, Sebestyén (or Sebastian), also a jeweler, spent part of the war in labor camps, beginning in 1942, until he and their widowed mother, Franceska, were later killed in a<!-- Allied or Axis? --> [[Budapest]] bombing raid.<ref>Information about Sebestyén/Sebastian Tilleman as cited by his daughter, Mrs. Annette Lantos, in Mark Seliger, Leora Kahn, and Rachel Hager's ''When They Came to Take My Father: Voices of the Holocaust'' (Arcade Publishing, 1996), p. 96 {{ISBN?}}</ref>

Gabor arrived in the United States on December 30, 1945, aged 49.<ref name="San Antonio Light 1950, p.  16">"The Mother of the Gabor Girls", ''San Antonio Light'', February 26, 1950, p. 16</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://imageevent.com/queensjewels/joliegaborjewels|title=Jolie Gabor Jewels|publisher=imageevent.com|access-date=December 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>According to a ship manifest dated December 30, 1945, and accessed on ancestry.com (on December 30, 2011), Jolie Gabor (using a Portuguese passport with the name Johanna Gabor and giving her birthplace as Budapest), arrived in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] from [[Estoril, Portugal]]. Use of the name ''Johanna'' on a passenger manifest or passport does not indicate accuracy, necessarily, however. Given the turmoils of wartime Hungary and Portugal, another name might have been used for the sake of camouflage or expediency.</ref> She opened a successful costume jewelry business (called simply ''Jolie Gabor'') in New York City in 1946, with $7,200 borrowed from her daughters.<ref name="Art Buchwald 1954 page 148"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/04/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-jolie-gabor-mother-dahling.html|title=The Lives They Lived: Jolie Gabor; Mother Dahling|first=Alex|last=Witchel|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 4, 1998}}</ref><ref name="San Antonio Light 1950, p. 17">"The Mother of the Gabor Girls", ''San Antonio Light'', February 26, 1950, p. 17</ref> It later moved to 699 Madison Avenue.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Vilmos Gabor Dead", ''The New York Times'', July 11, 1962.</ref> Gabor also established a branch of the firm in [[Palm Springs, California]]. Among the company's designers were Elsa Beck and Stephen Kelen d'Oxylion, as well as her own daughter, Magda.<ref name="San Antonio Light 1950, p. 16"/><ref>Stephen Kelen d'Oxylion's name is properly spelled, per various published sources (including several books about [[Zora Neale Hurston]]), although Gabor spelled it as "d'Oxylian" in her autobiography.</ref> One of the saleswomen was Evangelia Callas, mother of future opera diva [[Maria Callas]].<ref>[[Gael Greene]], ''Don't Come Back Without It'' (Simon & Schuster, 1960), p. 15</ref> In 1953 the store introduced ornamental metal fingernails studded with [[rhinestone]]s.<ref>"Metal Fingernails Offered", ''The New York Times'', March 13, 1953.</ref> 

In 1975, almost 80 years old, Jolie signed with the Keene Lecture Bureau as an inspirational speaker. She toured the country speaking about the relationship between beauty and female empowerment.<ref>Marian Christy, "Mama Gabor: Ageless Mother of 3", ''Newport Daily News'', February 17, 1975.<!-- ISBN, pages needed --></ref>

==Publications==

Gabor lent her name to two books:
* ''Jolie Gabor'' (Mason Charton, 1975), an as-told-to memoir co-written by [[Cindy Adams]], a newspaper columnist and family friend. Gabor approached Adams to write the book in 1972, even though Gabor fretted that her daughters would dislike the publication. "I am sure it will be a Hungarian tragedy when they read what I have said", she told Adams. "My husband will throw me out and my daughters won't speak to me."<ref>[[Cindy Adams]], "My Jolie Gabor", ''The Lowell Sun'', October 5, 1975</ref> Regarding the book, Gabor told another reporter, "Always [a woman] can do something. She makes a new hairdo, she makes a new make-up. If the nose isn't good, she fixes it. That is why I write the book. It's never too late for a new look, a new business, a new husband or lover. When we think life is over, it's always ready to begin".<ref name="ReferenceB">Ellie Grossman, "Accent on People: Jolie Gabor", ''The Times-Standard'', March 11, 1976.</ref>
* ''Jolie Gabor's Family Cookbook'' (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962), which was written with Jean and Ted Kaufman, and contains more than 300 traditional Eastern European recipes.

She is also described, in league with her three very famous daughters and her influence upon them, by Darwin Porter in his award-winning biography, ''Those Glamorous Gabors, Bombshells from Budapest'' (Blood Moon Productions, 2013).<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->

==Television appearances==

In 1957, Jolie Gabor appeared as a mystery guest on the show ''[[What's My Line?]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUcC86P6uhk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/eUcC86P6uhk| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=What's My Line? - Jolie Gabor; Tony Perkins; Lloyd Nolan [panel] (December 29, 1957)|last=What's My Line?|date=January 26, 2014|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 1950, Gabor made a cameo as a jeweler in ''[[Black Jack (1950 film)|Black Jack]]''. In 1955, Gabor appeared in ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]''. In 1960, Gabor appeared in ''[[The Mike Wallace Interview]]''.<ref>{{IMDb name|0300132|Jolie Gabor}}</ref>

==Marriages==

Gabor was married three times:

:* '''Vilmos Gábor''' (b. {{birth based on age as of date|20|1896|noage=1}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|[[A&E Networks]]' April 2000 [[Biography (TV program)|''Biography'']] episode, entitled ''The Gabors'', stated Vilmos was "twenty years [Jolie's] senior."{{CN|date=August 2021}}}} – d. July 7, 1962), a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] army officer, who achieved the rank of colonel; they married on September 13, 1914, and divorced in 1939. He was the father of her three children: [[Magda Gabor|Magda]] (b. 1915), [[Zsa Zsa Gabor|Zsa Zsa]] (b. 1917), and [[Eva Gabor]] (b. 1919).
:* '''Howard Peter Christman''' (b. May 22, 1894 – d. March 1986; ''a.k.a.'' Peter Howard Christman{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Christman's 1917 WWI draft card gives his birth name as ''Howard Peter Christman''.{{CN|date=August 2021}}}}), a New York City restaurant manager; they married in 1947 and divorced in 1948.
:* '''Count Odon Szigethy''' (b. July 12, 1912 – d. September 30, 1989; ''a.k.a.'' Odon Szigethi, Edmond de Szigethy{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Szigethy is sometimes referred to as ''Count Edmond de Szigethy'', but his title has not been established.{{CN|date=August 2021}}}}), a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] refugee; they married in New York City, New York, on March 3, 1957. She wore a gown by [[Romanians|Romanian]]-American fashion designer, Livia Sylva.<ref>"Mama Gabor Altar-Bound", ''The Miami Daily News'', February 27, 1957, p. 15A</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 February 1957|title=Mrs. Gabor To Rewed; She Will Be Married to Odon Szigethy Here on Sunday|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> "He's a moneymaker," Gabor said, in a 1976 interview, of Szigethy, "He takes care of me; he takes care of my business, my three homes in Florida, New York, and Connecticut. When I marry him, darling, he looks younger than me, but now, he looks older."<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

==Death==

Gabor was preceded in death by her youngest daughter, Eva, although she apparently was never told of Eva's death. She died less than two years later, in [[Palm Springs, California]],  of natural causes on April 1, 1997, at age 100. Two months after Jolie's death, her eldest daughter, Magda, died. Zsa Zsa died on December 18, 2016, aged 99. Jolie had one grandchild, [[Francesca Hilton]] (Zsa Zsa's daughter), who died in 2015. Zsa Zsa was reportedly never told about Hilton's death.<ref>{{cite news|last=Witchel|first=Alex|date=6 June 1998|title=The Lives They Lived: Jolie Gabor; Mother Dahling|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/04/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-jolie-gabor-mother-dahling.html|url-access=limited}}</ref>

Gabor de Szigethy is buried in [[Desert Memorial Park]], [[Cathedral City, California|Cathedral City]], California.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brooks|first1=Patricia|title=Laid to Rest in California: a guide to the cemeteries and grave sites of the rich and famous|chapter=Chapter 8: East L.A. and the Desert|page=238|year=2006|publisher=Globe Pequot Press|location=Guilford, CT|isbn=978-0762741014|last2=Brooks|first2=Jonathan|oclc=70284362}}</ref>

==Bibliography==

* ''Jolie Gabor'', by Jolie Gabor as told to [[Cindy Adams]], Mason Charter, 1975; {{ISBN|0-88405-125-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-88405-125-1}}
* ''Jolie Gabor's Family Cookbook'', by Jolie Gabor, with Ted & Jean Kaufman, Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1962.<!-- ISBN#? -->
* ''Gaborabilia'', by Anthony Turtu and Donald F. Reuter, Three Rivers Press, 2001; {{ISBN|0-609-80759-5}}

==Notes==

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Citations==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{IMDb name|0300132|Jolie Gabor}}
* {{Find a Grave|3219|Jolie Gabor|work=Folk Figure|date=July 19, 1998|accessdate=June 29, 2011}}<!-- only info of value at Find a Grave is the photo of her gravestone. Most of the rest of the info at her profile is inaccurate -->
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gabor, Jolie}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:Age controversies]]
[[Category:American women centenarians]]
[[Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American jewellers]]
[[Category:American socialites]]
[[Category:Jews from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Burials at Desert Memorial Park]]
[[Category:Gabor family|Jolie]]
[[Category:Hungarian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Hungarian women centenarians]]
[[Category:Hungarian countesses]]
[[Category:Hungarian Jews]]
[[Category:Hungarian socialites]]
[[Category:Hungarian women in business]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:Writers from Budapest]]
[[Category:Women jewellers]]
[[Category:Jewish centenarians]]