View source for Jon Kyl

{{Short description|American politician and lobbyist (born 1942)}}
{{for-multi|his father|John Henry Kyl|other people|John Kyle (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jon Kyl
| image = Jon Kyl, official portrait, 115th Congress.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2018
| jr/sr = United States Senator
| state = [[Arizona]]
| appointer = [[Doug Ducey]]
| term_start = September 4, 2018
| term_end = December 31, 2018
| predecessor = [[John McCain]]
| successor = [[Martha McSally]]
| term_start1 = January 3, 1995
| term_end1 = January 3, 2013
| predecessor1 = [[Dennis DeConcini]]
| successor1 = [[Jeff Flake]]
| office2 = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]]
| leader2 = [[Mitch McConnell]]
| term_start2 = December 19, 2007
| term_end2 = January 3, 2013
| predecessor2 = [[Trent Lott]]
| successor2 = [[John Cornyn]]
| state3 = [[Arizona]]
| district3 = {{ushr|AZ|4|4th}}
| term_start3 = January 3, 1987
| term_end3 = January 3, 1995
| predecessor3 = [[Eldon Rudd]]
| successor3 = [[John Shadegg]]
| birth_name = Jon Llewellyn Kyl
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|4|25}}
| birth_place = [[Oakland, Nebraska]], U.S.
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Caryll Collins|1964}}
| children = 2
| father = [[John Henry Kyl]]
| education = [[University of Arizona]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Senate Minority Whip Jon Kyl on his Service with Sen. John McCain.ogg |title=Kyl's voice |type=speech |description=Kyl before his first retirement from the Senate reflecting on his service with [[John McCain]].<br>Recorded December 18, 2012}}
}}
'''Jon Llewellyn Kyl''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aɪ|l}} {{Respell|KYLE}}; born April 25, 1942)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://congress.org/congressorg/bio/id/203|title=Sen. Jon Kyl (R-AZ)|website=congress.org|access-date=March 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208090300/http://congress.org/congressorg/bio/id/203|archive-date=December 8, 2008}}</ref> is an American politician and lobbyist who served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] for [[Arizona]] from 1995 to 2013. Following the death of [[John McCain]] in 2018, Kyl briefly returned to the Senate; his resignation led to the appointment of [[Martha McSally]] in 2019. A [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], he held both of Arizona's Senate seats at different times, serving alongside McCain during his first stint.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/congress/jon-kyl-sworn-into-office-giving-senate-gop-51-votes|title=Jon Kyl sworn into office, giving Senate GOP 51 votes|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> Kyl was [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]] from 2007 until 2013. He first joined the lobbying firm [[Covington & Burling]] after retiring in 2013, then rejoined in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dayen |first1=David |title=Revolving Door on Steroids: Lobbyist Jon Kyl, Who Served Four Months in the Senate, Won't Disclose Some Clients |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/01/08/jon-kyl-lobbyist-financial-disclosures/ |website=The Intercept|date=January 8, 2019 }}</ref>
<!--'''Jon Llewellyn Kyl''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aɪ|l}}; born April 25, 1942)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://congress.org/congressorg/bio/id/203|title=Sen. John Kyl (R-AZ)|website=congress.org|access-date=March 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208090300/http://congress.org/congressorg/bio/id/203|archive-date=December 8, 2008}}</ref> is an American politician who served as a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] from Arizona from 1995 until 2013, and again since 2018. A [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], Kyl was [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]] from 2007 until 2013. Kyl was appointed to the Senate on September 5, 2018, succeeding the late [[John McCain]]. A member of the Republican Party, he previously held Arizona's other seat in the U.S. Senate from January 1995 to January 2013, serving alongside McCain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/congress/jon-kyl-sworn-into-office-giving-senate-gop-51-votes|title=Jon Kyl sworn into office, giving Senate GOP 51 votes|date=September 5, 2018|access-date=September 15, 2018}}</ref> Kyl was [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]] from 2007 until 2013.-->

The son of U.S. Representative [[John Henry Kyl]] and Arlene (née Griffith) Kyl, Kyl was born and raised in [[Nebraska]] and lived for some time in [[Iowa]]. He received his bachelor's degree and law degree from the [[University of Arizona]]. He worked in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] as an attorney and lobbyist before winning election to the [[United States House of Representatives]], where he served from 1987 to 1995. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1994 and continued to be re-elected by comfortable margins until his retirement in January 2013. In 2006, he was recognized by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as one of America's Ten Best Senators.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1183960,00.html|title=Jon Kyl: The Operator|magazine=Time|date=April 14, 2006 |access-date=March 23, 2018|via=content.time.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727060059/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1183960,00.html|archive-date=July 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Kyl was ranked by ''[[National Journal]]'' in 2007 as the fourth-most conservative U.S. Senator.<ref name="politicalarithmetik.blogspot.com">{{cite web|url=https://politicalarithmetik.blogspot.com/2007/03/national-journal-2006.html |title=Political Arithmetik: National Journal 2006 Liberal/Conservative Scores|date=March 5, 2007|access-date=March 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806160346/http://politicalarithmetik.blogspot.com/2007/03/national-journal-2006.html|archive-date=August 6, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> He has been a fixture of Republican policy leadership posts, chairing the [[Republican Policy Committee Chairman of the United States Senate|Republican Policy Committee]] (2003–2006) and the [[Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate|Republican Conference]] (2006–2007) before becoming [[Senate Minority Whip]] until his retirement in 2013. He was named one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2010 for his persuasive role in the Senate.<ref>{{cite news|author-link=Mitch McConnell|first=Mitch|last=McConnell|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=The 2010 Time 100|access-date=May 7, 2010|date=April 29, 2010|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984864_1984901,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509223817/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984864_1984901,00.html|archive-date=May 9, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After leaving the Senate in 2013, Kyl worked as an attorney and lobbyist<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-business/post/former-sen-jon-kyl-joins-lobby-shop-at-covington/2013/03/05/36df6a94-85e5-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394_blog.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Catherine|last=Ho|title=Sen. Jon Kyl joins lobby shop at Covington|date=March 5, 2013|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072103/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-business/post/former-sen-jon-kyl-joins-lobby-shop-at-covington/2013/03/05/36df6a94-85e5-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394_blog.html|archive-date=December 10, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and then worked to shepherd the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] nomination of [[Brett Kavanaugh]] in 2018.<ref name="nytimes.com"/>

In September 2018, Kyl was appointed by Governor [[Doug Ducey]] to serve in the Class 3 Senate seat left vacant by the death of [[John McCain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-named-john-mccain-replacement-senate-appointment-ducey/1148030002/?csp=chromepush|title=Former U.S. Sen. Jon Kyl will be John McCain's successor in the U.S. Senate |date=September 4, 2018|publisher=[[Arizona Republic]]}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/04/us/politics/arizona-senate-mccain.html|title=Jon Kyl, Former Senator, Will Replace McCain in Arizona|work=[[New York Times]]|date=September 4, 2018}}</ref>  Kyl is the first person to return to the Senate via appointment since [[New Hampshire]] Republican [[Norris Cotton]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-only-6th-former-us-senator-to-receive-appointment-to-the-chamber/|title=Jon Kyl Only 6th Former US Senator to Receive Appointment in Direct Election Era|publisher=Smart Politics|date=September 4, 2018|access-date=September 10, 2018|archive-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126052413/https://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-only-6th-former-us-senator-to-receive-appointment-to-the-chamber/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kyl resigned from the Senate effective December 31, 2018, and was succeeded by [[Martha McSally]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wingett Sanchez |first=Yvonne |publisher=AZ Central |title=Martha McSally appointed to John McCain's Senate seat |date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2018/12/18/martha-mcsally-named-doug-ducey-kyl-mccain-arizona-senate-seat-lost-sinema/2277884002/}}</ref>

== Early life, education and career ==
Kyl was born in [[Oakland, Nebraska]], the son of Arlene (née Griffith) and [[John Henry Kyl]], a teacher at [[Wayne State College|Nebraska State Teachers College]]. His father served as a [[United States Congress|Congressman]] from Iowa after moving his family to [[Bloomfield, Iowa]]. After graduating from high school in 1960, Kyl attended the University of Arizona, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1964, graduating with honors. Kyl is a member of the [[Pi Kappa Alpha]] fraternity, as is Governor Doug Ducey of Arizona. He then earned a [[law degree]] in 1966 at the University of Arizona's [[James E. Rogers College of Law]], and served as editor-in-chief of the ''Arizona Law Review''. Before entering politics, he was a lawyer and [[lobbyist]] with Jennings, Strouss & Salmon in [[Phoenix, Arizona]].<ref name="Common Touch">{{cite news |url=http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/content/printVersion/161281|title=Bland Ambition: He's Running for the U.S. Senate as an Outsider, a Boring Straight Arrow with the Common Touch|work=[[Phoenix New Times]]|date=August 11, 1994|author=Darrin Hostetler|access-date=September 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104125659/http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/content/printVersion/161281/|archive-date=November 4, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> He also worked as an attorney at [[Mountain States Legal Foundation]] in Denver, Colorado, prior to running for office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992336|title=LAW: Foundation that launched Interior chiefs Watt, Norton doubles down on litigation|website=www.eenews.net|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162358/https://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992336|archive-date=March 24, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kyl is a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Social/Jon_Kyl_Principles_+_Values.htm|title=Jon Kyl on Principles & Values|website=www.ontheissues.org|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://media.cq.com/members/27|title=RollCall.com – Member Profile – Sen. Jon Kyl, R-Ariz.|website=media.cq.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref> Kyl is married to Caryll Collins, with whom he has had two children.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/politics/fedpage/congress/106/az/azs2/index.html?noredirect=on |title=Jon Kyl |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> They also have four grandchildren.

== U.S. House of Representatives ==
Kyl served in the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] from 1987 to 1995. He was first elected in 1986 against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] Philip R. Davis, 65% to 35%. He was re-elected in 1988 against Gary Sprunk of the [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]], 87% to 13%;<ref>{{cite book |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf|access-date=December 31, 2010|date=April 20, 1989 |title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988| first1=Dallas L. |last1=Dendy Jr.|first2=Donald K.|last2=Anderson|publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125200/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf|archive-date=July 20, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> in 1990 against Democrat Mark Ivey Jr., 61% to 39%;<ref>{{cite book |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf|access-date=December 31, 2010|date=April 29, 1991 |title=Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990| first1=Dallas L. Jr. |last1=Dendy|first2=Donald K.|last2=Anderson |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043024/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

For his first six terms, Kyl represented most of the northeastern portion of the state, from heavily Republican northern Phoenix to the New Mexico border. Redistricting after the [[1990 United States census|1990 census]] carved away all of Kyl's former territory outside the [[Valley of the Sun]]. The new 4th, however, was as safely Republican as its predecessor, and Kyl easily won reelection in 1992 against Democrat Walter R. Mybeck II, 59% to 27%.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf|access-date=December 31, 2010|date=May 31, 1993|title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992| first1=Dallas L. |last1=Dendy Jr.|first2=Donald K.|last2=Anderson |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Washington, D.C.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123044622/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf|archive-date=January 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kyl voted for the [[Abandoned Shipwrecks Act|Abandoned Shipwrecks Act of 1987]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS S 858, ABANDONED SHIPWRECK … -- House Vote #532 -- March 29, 1988 |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/h532 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=GovTrack.us |language=en}}</ref> The Act asserts United States title to certain abandoned shipwrecks located on or embedded in submerged lands under state jurisdiction, and transfers title to the respective state, thereby empowering states to manage these cultural and historical resources more efficiently, with the goal of preventing [[Treasure hunting|treasure hunters]] and salvagers from damaging them. President [[Ronald Reagan]] signed it into law on April 28, 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laws - Division of Historical Resources - Florida Department of State |url=https://dos.fl.gov/historical/archaeology/underwater/laws/#:~:text=On%2028%20April%201988,%20President,authority%20over%20those%20abandoned%20shipwrecks. |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=dos.fl.gov}}</ref> 

== U.S. Senate (1995–2013) ==
[[File:Jon Kyl, official 109th Congress photo.jpg|thumb|upright|Kyl during his first tenure as US Senator]]

=== Committee assignments ===
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Committee on the Judiciary]]'''
** [[United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism]] (Ranking Member)
** [[United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights]]
** [[United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees and Border Security]]
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Committee on Finance]]'''
** [[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight]] (Ranking Member)
** [[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Health Care]]
** [[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy]]
* '''[[United States Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction|Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction]]'''

=== Leadership ===
Kyl was elected by his fellow Senate Republicans to a succession of leadership posts: [[Republican Policy Committee Chairman of the United States Senate|Policy Committee chairman]] (2003–2007), [[Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate|Conference chairman]] (2007), and most recently (in December 2007), [[Senate Minority Whip]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002637521|work=[[CQ Politics]]|title=Kyl, Alexander Move Up in Senate GOP Leadership|author1=Bart Jansen|author2=Alan K. Ota|date=December 6, 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223033707/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002637521 |archive-date=December 23, 2007}}</ref> Kyl's ascension to Minority Whip makes him the first Arizonan to hold such an influential Senate leadership post since Democrat [[Ernest W. McFarland]] served as [[United States Senate Majority Leader|Senate Majority Leader]] from 1951 to 1953. Kyl is the only Arizona Republican to hold that leadership position.

<big>'''Judicial nominees'''</big>

Kyl voted to confirm [[John Roberts]] as Chief Justice to the Supreme Court<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1091/vote_109_1_00245.htm |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> as well as [[Samuel Alito]] as associate justice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 2nd Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1092/vote_109_2_00002.htm |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> However, he voted against the nominations of [[Sonia Sotomayor]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress - 1st Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1111/vote_111_1_00262.htm |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> and [[Elena Kagan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress - 2nd Session |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1112/vote_111_2_00229.htm |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> After leaving the Senate, Kyl served in 2018 as [[Sherpa (political consultant)|sherpa]] for [[Brett Kavanaugh]]'s [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination|nomination to the Supreme Court]] in 2018.<ref name = SH>{{Cite web |last=Zimmer |first=Ben |date=2018-07-31 |title=Why Do Supreme Court Nominees Have 'Sherpas'? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/07/why-do-supreme-court-nominees-have-sherpas/566345/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref>

== U.S. Senate (2018) ==

=== Appointment ===
On September 4, 2018, Kyl was appointed by Republican [[List of governors of Arizona|Arizona governor]] Doug Ducey to the state's Class 3 U.S. Senate seat that had been vacated due to [[John McCain]]'s death until a [[2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona|2020 special election]] could be held.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-named-john-mccain-replacement-senate-appointment-ducey/1148030002/|title=Former U.S. Sen. Jon Kyl will be John McCain's successor in the U.S. Senate|first1=Maria|last1=Polletta|first2=Yvonne Wingett|last2=Sanchez|website=azcentral}}</ref>

Kyl is only the sixth person to return to the Senate via appointment since the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] (mandating the direct election of U.S. senators) in 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-only-6th-former-us-senator-to-receive-appointment-to-the-chamber/|last=Ostermeier|first=Eric|title=Jon Kyl Only 6th Former US Senator to Receive Appointment in Direct Election Era|publisher=Smart Politics|date=September 4, 2018|access-date=September 10, 2018|archive-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126052413/https://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/09/04/jon-kyl-only-6th-former-us-senator-to-receive-appointment-to-the-chamber/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The last preceding case had been [[Norris Cotton]] ([[List of United States Senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]) 
who in 1975 was appointed back to the Senate after the [[1974–75 United States Senate elections in New Hampshire|disputed election of 1974]].

Kyl voted in favor of the [[Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation|confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh]] to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/14/671727813/arizona-sen-jon-kyl-to-step-down-leaving-mccains-seat-vacant-again|title=Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl To Step Down, Leaving McCain's Seat Vacant Again|website=NPR.org|date=December 14, 2018|last1=Taylor|first1=Jessica}}</ref> He resigned from the Senate effective December 31, 2018,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/12/14/18140802/jon-kyl-arizona-senate-resignation-martha-mcsally|title=Arizona Sen. Jon Kyl is officially stepping down on December 31|first=Li|last=Zhou|date=December 14, 2018|website=Vox}}</ref> and was succeeded by Congresswoman [[Martha McSally]], a fellow Republican.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2019/01/03/kyrsten-sinema-martha-mcsally-sworn-us-senate/2472241002/|title=Kyrsten Sinema, Martha McSally make history, face familiar problems|first=Ronald J.|last=Hansen|website=azcentral}}</ref>

=== Committee assignments ===
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Armed Services|Committee on Armed Services]]'''
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland|Subcommittee on Airland]] 
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower|Subcommittee on Seapower]]
** [[United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces|Subcommittee on Strategic Forces]]
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs|Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]]'''
* '''[[United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs|Committee on Indian Affairs]]'''

== Political positions ==
[[File:Jon Kyl by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|right|thumb|Kyl at an event in Phoenix in April 2017.]]
Kyl is considered to be a [[American conservatism|conservative]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://phoenixnewtimes.com/Issues/2006-04-13/news/feature.html|title=Stealth Zealot|author=Robert Nelson|work=Phoenix New Times|date=April 13, 2006|access-date=October 3, 2006 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426162057/http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/Issues/2006-04-13/news/feature.html|archive-date=April 26, 2006}}</ref> and was ranked by ''[[National Journal]]'' as the fourth-most conservative United States Senator in their March 2007 conservative/liberal rankings.<ref name="politicalarithmetik.blogspot.com"/> In addition, in April 2006, Kyl was selected by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]]'' as one of "America's 10 Best Senators"; the magazine cited his successful behind-the-scene efforts as head of the Senate Republican Policy Committee.<ref>{{cite news|author-link=David Burnett (photojournalist)|first=David|last=Burnett|title=Jon Kyl: The Operator |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1183960,00.html|work=Time Magazine|date=April 14, 2006|access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611214212/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1183960,00.html|archive-date=June 11, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Senator Kyl has earned a 96.58% Lifetime Score from the [[American Conservative Union]].<ref>acuratings.conservative.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/04/2018_ACU_ROC_Apr7.pdf
</ref>

Kyl is a signer of [[Americans for Tax Reform#Taxpayer Protection Pledge|Americans for Tax Reform]]'s [[Taxpayer Protection Pledge]].<ref name="ATR">{{cite web|title=The Taxpayer Protection Pledge Signers 112th Congressional List |url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/atrfiles/files/files/091411-federalpledgesigners.pdf|publisher=Americans for Tax Reform |access-date=November 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107102835/http://s3.amazonaws.com/atrfiles/files/files/091411-federalpledgesigners.pdf|archive-date=January 7, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Crime victims' rights ===
Kyl was one of the original sponsors, along with Democratic Senator [[Dianne Feinstein]], of an effort to [[Victims' Rights Amendment|amend the United States Constitution to protect crime victims' rights]] in the criminal justice system. When in 2004 it appeared that the constitutional amendment would not receive the requisite 2/3 support to pass the Senate, Kyl and Feinstein authored the Crime Victims' Rights Act, which listed a victims' bill of rights and provided [[mandamus]] relief in appellate court for any victim denied those rights.<ref>{{usc|18|3771}} (West 2008).</ref> The act also offered sanctions against government officials who wantonly and willfully refused to comply with the Crime Victims' Rights Act.

=== Arms control ===
In November 2010, Kyl opposed the [[New START]] [[arms control treaty]]'s ratification in the [[lame-duck session]].<ref>{{cite news|date=November 16, 2010|work=[[Politics Daily]]|access-date=December 31, 2010|title=Sen. John Kyl says Hell Block Vote on Arms Treaty with Russia|url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/11/16/sen-john-kyl-says-hell-block-vote-on-arms-treaty-with-russia/|first=Christopher|last=Weber|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117184501/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/11/16/sen-john-kyl-says-hell-block-vote-on-arms-treaty-with-russia/|archive-date=January 17, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=The Caucus|publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=November 16, 2010|title=Senate Leader Deals Blow to President on Arms Treaty|author-link=Peter Baker (author) |first=Peter |last=Baker}}</ref> Nevertheless, the treaty passed 71–26, clearing the constitutionally mandated two-thirds threshold by the narrowest margin of any nuclear arms control treaty ever ratified by the United States.

=== Internet gambling ===
Kyl and [[Bob Goodlatte]] were among the first in the United States to draft legislation on online gambling. In the late 1990s they introduced bills to the Senate that would curb online gambling activities except for those that involved horse and dog races and state lotteries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/14/us/measure-to-curb-internet-gambling-gains-in-the-house.html |title=Measure to Curb Internet Gambling Gains in the House|work=The New York Times|date=July 14, 2000|access-date=October 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012100207/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/14/us/measure-to-curb-internet-gambling-gains-in-the-house.html|archive-date=October 12, 2017|url-status=live|last1=Broder|first1=John M.}}</ref> The bill by Kyl, known as the Kyl bill, was not passed in the end due to certain loopholes. Attorney Jorge Van, at the time principal investigator of the National Gambling Impact Study Commission on Internet Gambling, pointed out that under the Kyl bill "state lotteries would be able to offer a variety of games under the guise of a lottery, including slot machines", which ultimately would allow "interactive wagering at home on the internet which the law aimed to prevent in the first place".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lildaveslife.com/interview-with-jorge-van-legal-expert-on-online-gambling.html|title=Interview with Jorge Van: Legal Expert on Online Gambling|publisher=lildaveslife.com|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>

In September 2006, working with then-Congressman [[Jim Leach]], Kyl was a major Senate supporter of [[Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act]] of 2006. The Act was passed at midnight the day Congress adjourned before the [[2006 United States elections|2006 elections]]. Prior to it being added to the [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]], the gambling provisions had not been debated by any [[United States Congressional committee|Congressional committee]], although the general issue had been debated in multiple times in the past.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamblingandthelaw.com/columns/2006_act.htm|author=Nelson Rose|title=The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 Analyzed|year=2006|access-date=January 23, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122054343/http://gamblingandthelaw.com/columns/2006_act.htm|archive-date=January 22, 2009}}</ref> When publication of the associated regulations was delayed until June 2010, Kyl responded by denying unanimous consent to confirm the appointment of 6 nominees to the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Department]], none of whom specialized on gambling issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thinkprogress.org/while-economy-burns-jon-kyl-blocking-treasury-nominees-over-petty-bs-44770cfc3a5d/|title=While Economy Burns, Jon Kyl Blocking Treasury Nominees Over Petty BS|access-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075410/https://thinkprogress.org/while-economy-burns-jon-kyl-blocking-treasury-nominees-over-petty-bs-44770cfc3a5d/|archive-date=August 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pokernewsdaily.com/senator-john-kyl-blocks-us-treasury-nominations-due-to-uigea-delays-7569/|title=Senator Jon Kyl Blocks US Treasury Nominations Due to UIGEA Delays|access-date=August 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075312/https://www.pokernewsdaily.com/senator-john-kyl-blocks-us-treasury-nominations-due-to-uigea-delays-7569/|archive-date=August 27, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
Kyl voted against the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)]] in December 2009,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396|title=U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress{{snd}}1st Session|website=www.senate.gov|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312064547/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=1&vote=00396|archive-date=March 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and he voted against the [[Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00105|title=U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote |publisher=Senate.gov|access-date=August 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804082122/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=111&session=2&vote=00105|archive-date=August 4, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Other ===
[[File:Jon Kyl and Tom Cotton 28024309880 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kyl and Senator [[Tom Cotton]] speaking at the [[Hudson Institute]]]]
In February 2006, Kyl joined Senator [[Lindsey Graham]] in an [[amicus brief]] in the ''[[Hamdan v. Rumsfeld]]'' case. The brief presented to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] an "extensive colloquy" added to the [[Congressional Record]]. It was not, however, included in the December 21 debate as evidence that "Congress was aware" that the [[Detainee Treatment Act of 2005]] would strip the Court of jurisdiction to hear "pending cases, including this case" brought by the [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp|Guantanamo]] detainees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2138750|title=Invisible Men: Did Lindsey Graham and Jon Kyl mislead the Supreme Court?|author-link=Emily Bazelon|first=Emily|last=Bazelon|work=[[Slate Magazine]]|date=March 27, 2006|access-date=September 29, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718105201/http://www.slate.com/id/2138750/|archive-date=July 18, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the spring of 2009, Kyl invited [[Geert Wilders]] to show his film ''[[Fitna (film)|Fitna]]'' to the [[United States Congress]], which led to [[Muslims in the United States|American Muslim]] protests.<ref name=goes>{{cite news |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/26/mr-wilders-goes-to-washington/|title=Mr. Wilders Goes to Washington |last=O'Connor|first=Anahad|date=February 26, 2009|access-date=March 15, 2009|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318133916/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/26/mr-wilders-goes-to-washington/|archive-date=March 18, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, Kyl said that the GOP had abandoned opposition to defense cuts.<ref>Hewitt. Hugh. [http://www.hughhewitt.com/transcripts.aspx?id=8db2452d-5dfc-424b-b7f6-a50d145eaffb "Senate GOP Whip Jon Kyl On The Choices On The Debt Ceiling Table."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131206/http://www.hughhewitt.com/transcripts.aspx?id=8db2452d-5dfc-424b-b7f6-a50d145eaffb|date=September 27, 2011}} ''Amac'', July 25, 2011.</ref>

In 2012, Kyl voted against ratification of the UN Treaty [[Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/05/us/despite-doles-wish-gop-rejects-disabilities-treaty.html|title=Dole Appears, but G.O.P. Rejects a Disabilities Treaty|author-link=Jennifer Steinhauer|first=Jennifer|last=Steinhauer|work=[[New York Times]]|date=December 4, 2012|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427194130/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/05/us/despite-doles-wish-gop-rejects-disabilities-treaty.html?_r=0|archive-date=April 27, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

He opposed the [[FIRST STEP Act]]. The bill passed 87–12 on December 18, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Levin |first1=Marianne |title=Senate approves Trump-backed criminal justice overhaul |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/12/18/criminal-justice-reform-bill-vote-1068268 |website=Politico |date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=December 18, 2018}}</ref>

== Activism ==

=== Zadroga Act ===
In 2010, Democratic Senate Leader [[Harry Reid]] wanted the Senate to return to work on the week between Christmas and New Year's in order to pass time-critical legislation including the [[James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act]], which would ensure health coverage for [[9/11]] [[first responders]]. Kyl made a public comment that this would disrespect "one of the two holiest of holidays for Christians and the families of all of the Senate."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/12/-senators-harry-reid-jon|title=The Senate Debates the Meaning of Christmas|first=Juli|last=Weiner|website=The Hive|date=December 16, 2010|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413144933/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2010/12/-senators-harry-reid-jon|archive-date=April 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> First responder Kenny Specht appeared on ''[[The Daily Show]]'' and replied, "You won't find a single New York firefighter who considers it a sign of disrespect to work in a New York City firehouse on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cc.com/video-clips/nuwe6u|title=9/11 First Responders React to the Senate Filibuster|publisher= The Daily Show with Jon Stewart|format=Video |website=Comedy Central|date=December 17, 2010|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324101742/http://www.cc.com/video-clips/nuwe6u/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-9-11-first-responders-react-to-the-senate-filibuster|archive-date=March 24, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Zadroga Act passed on December 22.

=== Planned Parenthood ===
During a Senate debate on April 8, 2011, Kyl said that performing abortions is "well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does". [[Planned Parenthood]] responded that 90 percent of its services are to provide [[contraception]], [[Sexually transmitted disease|STD]] and [[cancer]] testing and treatment, and only 3 percent are abortion-related. A spokesperson for Kyl later claimed the senator's remark "was not intended to be a factual statement but rather to illustrate that Planned Parenthood, an organization that receives millions in taxpayer dollars, does subsidize abortions." [[Politifact]] noted that Planned Parenthood's numbers (from their most recent Annual Report, year ending June 30, 2009<ref>[http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/PPFA/PPFA_Annual_Report_08-09-FINAL-12-10-10.pdf Annual Report 2008–2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126023456/http://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/PPFA/PPFA_Annual_Report_08-09-FINAL-12-10-10.pdf|date=November 26, 2013}}, ''[[Planned Parenthood]] Federation of America''</ref>) are the result of self-reporting and that there is no national audit on such claims, but stated their belief that Kyl "vastly overstated" the number.<ref>[http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/apr/08/jon-kyl/jon-kyl-says-abortion-services-are-well-over-90-pe/ Jon Kyl says abortion services are "well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409065427/http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2011/apr/08/jon-kyl/jon-kyl-says-abortion-services-are-well-over-90-pe/|date=April 9, 2011}}, [[PolitiFact.com]] at ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]'', April 8, 2011</ref> [[Michael New]], a political science professor writing at ''[[National Review]]'' suggested that perhaps Kyl's comments were based on the pregnancy-related services provided to pregnant women, citing Planned Parenthood's 2009 annual report figures and claiming that 98% of those services were for abortion.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/264631/senator-kyls-defense-michael-j-new/ In Senator Kyl's Defense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417082138/http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/264631/senator-kyls-defense-michael-j-new|date=April 17, 2011}}, Michael J. New, ''[[National Review]]'', April 13, 2011</ref> The phrase "not intended to be a factual statement" was mocked by political comedians such as [[Stephen Colbert]], who joked, "You can't call him out for being wrong when he never intended to be right."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tucsonweekly.com/TheRange/archives/2011/04/12/colbert-you-cant-call-kyl-out-for-being-wrong-when-he-never-intended-to-be-right|title=Colbert: "You Can't Call Kyl Out For Being Wrong When He Never Intended To Be Right"|last=Nintzel|first=Jim|date=April 12, 2011|work=[[Tucson Weekly]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821145401/https://www.tucsonweekly.com/TheRange/archives/2011/04/12/colbert-you-cant-call-kyl-out-for-being-wrong-when-he-never-intended-to-be-right|archive-date=August 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Political campaigns ==
{{See also|2006 United States Senate election in Arizona|2000 United States Senate election in Arizona|1994 United States Senate election in Arizona}}
Kyl was first elected to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] in [[1994 United States Senate elections|1994]], defeating [[Samuel G. Coppersmith]] (D), then a member of the House of Representatives, 54% to 40%. [[Libertarian Party (United States)|Libertarian Party]] candidate Scott Grainger got 6% of the votes.

Kyl was re-elected in [[2000 United States Senate elections|2000]] without major-party opposition, with 79% of the vote. Independent William Toel got 8%; [[Green Party (United States)|Green Party]] candidate Vance Hansen also got 8%; and [[Barry Hess]] of the Libertarian Party got 5%.

On November 7, 2006, Kyl defeated real estate developer and former [[Arizona Democratic Party]] chairman [[Jim Pederson (businessman and politician)|Jim Pederson]] to win his third term in the Senate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.azstarnet.com/dailystar/155007|title=Kyl clinches his third term in tough race with Pederson|work=[[Arizona Daily Star]]|date=November 8, 2006|author=Josh Brodesky|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225845/http://www.azstarnet.com/dailystar/155007|archive-date=September 26, 2007}}</ref> Kyl won with 53% of the vote; Pederson received 44%; and Libertarian Party candidate [[Richard Mack]] received 3%. The race was one of the most expensive in Arizona history, with Kyl raising more than $15 million and Pederson raising just shy of that amount.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opensecrets.org/races/summary.php?id=AZS2&cycle=2006|title=Congressional Elections: Arizona Senate Race: 2006 Cycle|publisher=OpenSecrets|access-date=August 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608213134/http://www.opensecrets.org/races/summary.php?id=AZS2&cycle=2006|archive-date=June 8, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

A major issue in the campaign was [[illegal immigration]]. While in the Senate, Kyl cosponsored legislation that would give illegal immigrants up to five years to leave the country. Once there, they could apply for [[Permanent residence (United States)|permanent residence]] or be [[guest worker program|guest workers]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/gop-senators-look-for-compromise-on-immigration-reform|title=GOP Senators Look for Compromise on Immigration Reform|work=[[Fox News]] |date=April 4, 2006|access-date=April 4, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060408163754/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,190550,00.html|archive-date=April 8, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> Since fellow Arizona Senator [[John McCain]] opposed this legislation, Pederson tried to use the issue as a way of allying with McCain and dividing Republicans in Arizona.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.azstarnet.com/allheadlines/148147|title=For both sides, McCain becomes all-purpose asset|date=September 25, 2006|work=Arizona Daily Star|author=Josh Brodesky|access-date=September 26, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927181400/http://www.azstarnet.com/allheadlines/148147|archive-date=September 27, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> Controversy also arose when each candidate accused the other of supporting the [[amnesty]] provisions in a 1986 immigration bill, although both candidates deny ever supporting those provisions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/0919kyl-amnesty0919.html|title=Pederson, Kyl trade barbs about amnesty |work=Arizona Republic}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Jon Kyl}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{CongLinks|congbio=k000352|votesmart=26721|fec=S4AZ00030|congress=}}
* {{C-SPAN|8587}}
* [http://www.politifact.com/personalities/jon-kyl/ Jon Kyl] at [[PolitiFact.com]] Truth-O-Meter
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070302143035/http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Kyl Profile] at [[SourceWatch]]

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[[Category:American people of Dutch descent]]
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[[Category:Arizona lawyers]]
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[[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Arizona]]