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{{short description|Ancient Roman family}}
{{Redirect|Iunius|the sixth month of the Roman calendar|Iunius (month)}}

[[Image:Capitoline Brutus Musei Capitolini MC1183.jpg|thumb|Bust in the [[Capitoline Museums]], traditionally identified as [[Lucius Junius Brutus]]]]
The '''gens Junia''' or '''Iunia''' was one of the most celebrated families of [[ancient Rome]].  The [[gens]] may originally have been [[patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]], and was already prominent in the last days of the [[Roman Kingdom|Roman monarchy]].  [[Lucius Junius Brutus]] was the nephew of [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]], the seventh and last king of Rome, and on the expulsion of Tarquin in 509 BC, he became one of the first [[Roman consul|consuls]] of the [[Roman Republic]].<ref name="DGRBM Junia Gens">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 658 ("Junia Gens").</ref> 

Over the next several centuries, the Junii produced a number of very eminent men, such as [[Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus]], three times [[Roman consul|consul]] and twice [[Roman dictator|dictator]] during the period of the [[Samnite Wars]], as well as [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Marcus]] and [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decimus Junius Brutus]], among the leaders of the conspiracy against [[Caesar]]. Although the Junii Bruti disappeared at the end of the Republic, another family, the Junii Silani, remained prominent under the early [[Roman Empire|Empire]].

==Origin==
''Junius'', the [[Roman naming conventions#Nomen|nomen]] of the gens, may be etymologically connected with the goddess [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], after whom the month of [[Iunius (month)|Junius]] was also named.

Scholars have long been divided on the question of whether the Junii were originally patrician.  The family was prominent throughout the whole of Roman history, and all of the members who are known, from the early times of the Republic and on into the [[Roman Empire|Empire]], were plebeians.  However, it seems inconceivable that Lucius Junius Brutus, the nephew of Tarquin the Proud, was a plebeian.  So jealous of their prerogatives were the patricians of the early Republic, that in 450 BC, the second year of the [[decemviri|Decemvirate]], a law forbidding the intermarriage of patricians and plebeians was made a part of the [[Twelve Tables]], the fundamental principles of early Roman law.  It was not until the passage of the ''[[lex Licinia Sextia]]'' in 367 BC that plebeians were permitted to stand for the consulship.<ref name="DGRBM Junia Gens"/><ref>Livy, vi. 42.</ref>

Still, it has been suggested that the divisions between the orders were not firmly established during the first decades of the Republic, and that as many as a third of the consuls elected before 450 may in fact have been plebeians.  Even if this were not the case, the consuls chosen at the very birth of the Roman Republic may have been exceptions.  On balance, it seems more likely that the Junii were at first numbered amongst the patricians, and that they afterward passed over to the plebeians; but this question may remain unsettled.<ref name="DGRBM Junia Gens"/><ref name="Niebuhr 522">Niebuhr, ''History of Rome'', vol. I, p. 522 ''ff.''</ref>

At the end of the Republic, the Junii Silani were raised to patrician status by [[Augustus]], and one of them even held the office of [[Flamen Martialis]]; but this family was descended from one of the Silani who had been adopted from the patrician [[Manlii|gens Manlia]].  Several of them bore the surname ''Torquatus'', the name of a great family of the Manlia gens.<ref name="DGRBM Silanus">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 819–821 ("Junius Silanus").</ref>

==Praenomina==
The [[praenomen|praenomina]] favored by the early Junii were ''[[Marcus (praenomen)|Marcus]], [[Lucius (praenomen)|Lucius]]'', and ''[[Decimus (praenomen)|Decimus]]''.  Except for the Bruti Bubulci, who favored the praenomen ''[[Gaius (praenomen)|Gaius]]'' and may have been a cadet branch of the family, the Junii Bruti relied exclusively on these three names.  Many of the other families of the Junii also used these names, although some added ''Gaius'' and others ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]''. The Junii were by far the most prominent family to make regular use of ''Decimus''.

The names ''[[Titus (praenomen)|Titus]]'' and ''[[Tiberius (praenomen)|Tiberius]]'' were carefully avoided by the Junii throughout most of their history.  According to tradition, these were the names of the sons of Lucius Junius Brutus, the first consul, who joined in a conspiracy by their uncles, the Vitellii, to restore the Tarquins to power.  They were condemned and executed by order of their own father, and this disgrace led to the abandonment of their names by future generations.  The only noteworthy exception appears to be the orator Titus Junius, who lived in the final century of the Republic.<ref>Livy, ii. 4, 5.</ref>

==Branches and cognomina==
[[File:D. Junius Silanus L.f., denarius, 91 BC, RRC 337-1a.jpg|thumb|Denarius of Decimus Junius Silanus, 91 BC.  The obverse depicts a mask of [[Silenus]] within a torque, alluding to both the surname ''Silanus'' and their descent from the Manlii Torquati, and a plough, perhaps alluding to the dictator Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus.  On the reverse [[Victoria (mythology)|Victoria]] drives a [[Biga (chariot)|biga]] over a [[carnyx]].|222x222px]]
The family names and surnames of the Junii which occur in the time of the Republic are, ''Brutus'', ''Bubulcus'', ''Gracchanus'', ''Paciaecus'', ''Pennus'', ''Pera'', ''Pullus'', and ''Silanus''.  ''Norbanus'' was formerly supposed to be a surname of the Junia gens, but in fact it seems to have been a [[Roman naming conventions|gentile name]].  A few Junii are mentioned without any [[cognomen]].  Many Junii appear under the Empire with other surnames, but most of them cannot be regarded as part of the gens; these included many descendants of [[freedman|freedmen]], and of [[Roman citizenship|citizens]] enrolled during the magistracies of the various Junii.<ref name="DGRBM Junia Gens"/>

''Brutus'' was the name of a plebeian family of the Junia gens, which claimed descent from Lucius Junius Brutus.  This possibility was denied by some ancient authorities, on the grounds that the first consul was a patrician, and because his two sons preceded him in death.  However, one tradition states that there was a third son, from whom the later Bruti were descended.  It is not impossible that there were younger sons, or that the elder sons had children of their own.  Brutus is also known to have had a brother, who was put to death by his uncle the king, and there may have been other relatives.  Moreover, Niebuhr raised the possibility that Brutus himself was a plebeian.  But even if he had been a patrician, as the weight of tradition holds, his descendants may still have gone over to the plebeians.<ref name="Niebuhr 522"/><ref>Dionysius, v. 18.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xliv. 12.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Brutus", 1.</ref>

The name of ''Brutus'' is said to have been given to Lucius because he feigned idiocy after the execution of his brother, in hope of avoiding the same fate.  However, his father is also referred to as Brutus by the ancient authorities, and while this may have come about merely for narrative convenience, it is possible that the surname had already been borne by the family for some time.  According to [[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]], the older meaning of the adjective ''brutus'' was "serious" or "grave", in which case the surname is much the same as ''Severus''.  A less probable explanation suggests a common origin with the name with that of the [[Bruttii]], a people of southern Italy who broke away from the [[Samnites]] in the fourth century BC, and whose name is said to have meant, "runaway slaves".<ref>Livy, i. 56.</ref><ref>Dionysius, iv. 67.</ref><ref>Nonius Marcellus, p. 77.</ref><ref>Festus, ''s. v. Brutum''.</ref><ref>Strabo, vi. p. 225.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xvi. 15.</ref><ref>Gellius, x. 3.</ref><ref>Niebuhr, ''History of Rome'', vol. i. pp. 63, 98, 515.</ref>

The surname ''Bubulcus'' refers to one who plows with oxen.  The only persons known to have borne this cognomen also bore that of ''Brutus'', and therefore may have belonged to that family, rather than a distinct ''stirps'' of the Junia gens.  If so, the Bubulci were the only members of the family to use the praenomen ''Gaius''.  They appear in history during the [[Samnite Wars#Second (or Great) Samnite War (326 to 304 BC)|Second Samnite War]], at the same time as the other Junii Bruti emerge from two centuries of obscurity, with the ''[[agnomen]] Scaeva''.  This suggests that the family may have split into two distinct branches about this time.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, pp. 508 (Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva, Nos. 5, 6), 515 ("Bubulcus").</ref><ref>''Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Scaeva''.</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder, xviii. 37.</ref>

The origin of the [[cognomen]] ''Pera'', which appears in the middle of the third century BC, is not known, but the filiations of the two Perae suggest that they may have been descended from the Junii Bruti.  ''Pennus'', also a surname of the [[Quinctia gens]], is probably derived from a Latin adjective meaning "sharp".  This family flourished for about a century from the time of the [[Second Punic War]].<ref>Isidore, ''Origines'', xix. 19.</ref>  The surname {{lang|la|[[Gracchanus]]}} was assumed by [[Marcus Junius Gracchanus|one of the Junii]] in the latter part of the second century BC, on account of his friendship with [[Gaius Gracchus]].<ref>Pliny the Elder, xxxiii. 2.</ref>  ''Paciaecus'' or ''Paciacus'', the cognomen of another member of the gens, does not appear to be of Roman origin, although it may be that ''Paccianus'' or ''Pacianus'' is the correct form.<ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 80 (Lucius Junius Paciacus).</ref><ref>Drumann, ''Geschichte Roms'', vol. IV, p. 52.</ref><ref>Orelli, ''Inscriptionum Latinarum''.</ref>

''Silanus'' appears to be a lengthened form of ''Silus'', "snub-nosed", which occurs as a cognomen in the [[Sergia gens|Sergia]] and [[Terentia gens|Terentia]] gentes, and is not connected with the Greek ''[[Silenus]]'', who was nonetheless depicted on their coins.{{efn-lr|One coin of the Silani also seems to allude to Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus, perhaps indicating descent from the Bubulci, although it was not unusual for moneyers to depict the past achievements of one's gentiles without there being a close relationship.}}  In manuscripts the variants ''Syllanus'' and ''Sillanus'' are found.  The Junii Silani first appear in history during the [[Second Punic War]], and for the next four hundred years they occupied the highest offices of the state.  From the middle of the second century BC, at least some of the Silani were descended from the patrician [[Manlia gens|Manlii]], from whom they inherited the additional surname ''Torquatus''.  In 30 BC, Augustus raised [[Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 25 BC)|Marcus Junius Silanus]] to the patriciate.  Many of this family were related to, or even descended from, Augustus and the emperors of the [[Julio-Claudian dynasty]].<ref name="DGRBM Silanus"/><ref>''Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Silanus''.</ref>

==Members==
{{filiation}}

===Junii Bruti===
[[File:Q. Servilius Caepio (M. Junius) Brutus, denarius, 54 BC, RRC 433-2.jpg|thumb|Denarius of Marcus Junius Brutus, 54 BC, depicting [[Lucius Junius Brutus]] on the obverse, and [[Gaius Servilius Ahala]] on the reverse.  The tyrannicide Brutus claimed both as ancestors.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 455–456.</ref>]]
* Marcus Junius Brutus, father of the consul of 509 BC, married Tarquinia, sister of [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]].  [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|Dionysius]] states that Tarquin had him put to death, along with his elder son, in order to obtain a family treasure; Livy states only that the son was among the Roman aristocrats put to death as potential threats to the royal authority.<ref name="Dionysius iv 68">Dionysius, iv. 68.</ref><ref name="Livy i 56">Livy, i. 56.</ref><ref name="Broughton I 1">Broughton, vol. I, pp. 1, 2.</ref>
* Marcus Junius M. f. Brutus, the elder brother of the consul Brutus, was put to death by his uncle, the king.<ref name="Dionysius iv 68"/><ref name="Livy i 56"/>
* [[Lucius Junius Brutus|Lucius Junius M. f. Brutus]], [[tribune#Tribune of the Celeres|tribune of the ''celeres'']] under his uncle, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom he helped to overthrow in 509 BC.  He subsequently became one of the first [[Roman consul|consuls]], and was slain the same year at the [[Battle of Silva Arsia]].<ref>Dionysius, iv. 67–85, v. 1–18.</ref><ref>Livy, i. 56–60, ii. 1–7.</ref><ref>Macrobius, ii. 16.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, xlii. 45.</ref><ref>Plutarch, "The Life of Brutus", 1.</ref><ref name="Broughton I 1"/>
* Titus Junius L. f. M. n. Brutus, son of the consul of 509 BC, together with his brother, Tiberius, joined in a conspiracy of Roman aristocrats to restore Tarquin to the throne.  When the plot was uncovered, their own father had them put to death for treason.<ref name="Livy ii 4">Livy, ii. 4, 5.</ref><ref name="Dionysius v 6">Dionysius, v. 6–8.</ref><ref name="Broughton I 1"/>
* Tiberius Junius L. f. M. n. Brutus, the brother of Titus, with whom he was executed for conspiring to restore the Tarquins, in 509 BC.<ref name="Livy ii 4"/><ref name="Dionysius v 6"/><ref name="Broughton I 1"/>
* [[Lucius Junius Brutus (tribune 493 BC)|Lucius Junius Brutus]], according to [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|Dionysius]], one of the first [[Tribune of the Plebs|tribunes of the people]] in 493 BC, a plebeian who assumed the surname ''Brutus'' in honor of the first consul.<ref>Dionysius, vi. 70 ''ff'', 87–89, vii. 14, 26.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 15, 16 (note 1).</ref>
* [[Titus Junius Brutus (aedile 491 BC)|Titus Junius Brutus]], [[aedile|plebeian aedile]] in 491 BC, was ordered by the tribunes of the plebs to arrest [[Gaius Marcius Coriolanus|Coriolanus]].<ref>Dionysius, vii. 26, 27, 35.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 17.</ref>
* Junia, possibly a [[Vestal Virgin]] condemned to death for unchastity in 472 BC; Dionysius and Eusebius call her Orbinia or [[Urbinia gens|Urbinia]].<ref>Dionysius, ix. 40.</ref><ref>Eusebius, ''Chronicon'', ii. 102 ''ff.''</ref><ref>''PW'', "Orbinia".</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 30.</ref><ref name=Iunius>[http://www.strachan.dk/family/iunius.htm Iunius]. Strachan stemma.</ref>
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva (consul 325 BC)|Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva]], [[magister equitum]] in 339 BC; consul in 325, he defeated the [[Vestini]], and took the towns of Cutina and Cingilia.<ref>Livy, viii. 12, 29.</ref><ref>Diodorus Siculus, xviii. 2.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 138, 147.</ref>
* [[Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus|Gaius Junius C. f. C. n. Bubulcus Brutus]], consul in 317, 313, and 311 BC, [[Roman censor|censor]] in 307, and [[Roman dictator|dictator]] in 312 and 302.<ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 155, 158, 159, 160 (note 1), 161, 163, 165, 169.</ref>
* [[Gaius Junius Brutus Bubulcus (consul 291 BC)|Gaius Junius C. f. C. n. Brutus Bubulcus]], consul in 291 and 277 BC, triumphed over the [[Lucani (ancient people)|Lucani]] and [[Bruttii]].
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus Scaeva (consul 292)|Decimus Junius D. f. Brutus Scaeva]], [[legatus|legate]] to the consul [[Spurius Carvilius Maximus]] in 293 BC, during the [[Third Samnite War]].  The following year, Brutus was consul, while Carvilius served as his legate.  They defeated the [[Falisci|Faliscans]].<ref>Livy, x. 43, 47.</ref><ref>Zonaras, viii. 1.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 181, 182 (note 1).</ref>
* Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus, with his brother, Marcus, exhibited the first gladiatorial combat at Rome in 264 BC.<ref>Livy ''Epitome'', 16.</ref><ref name="Valerius Maximus ii 4 7">Valerius Maximus, ii. 4. § 7.</ref>
* Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus, with his brother, Decimus, exhibited the first gladiatorial combat at Rome in 264 BC.<ref name="Valerius Maximus ii 4 7"/>
* Lucius Junius Brutus, grandfather of the consul of 178 BC.
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus (praetor 191 BC)|Marcus Junius (L. f.) Brutus]], tribune of the plebs in 195 BC, he and Publius Brutus opposed the repeal of the ''lex Oppia'', a sumptuary law.  As [[praetor]] in 191, he dedicated the temple of the [[Cybele|Magna Mater]], and presided over the first celebration of the [[Megalesia|Megalesian Games]] at Rome.  He was one of the ambassadors sent to [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus]] in 189.<ref>Livy, xxxiv. 1, xxxv. 24, xxxvi. 2, 36, xxxvii. 55.</ref><ref name="VM ix 1 3">Valerius Maximus, ix. 1. § 3.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 340, 353, 363.</ref>
* [[Publius Junius Brutus (praetor 190 BC)|Publius Junius (L. f.) Brutus]], tribune of the plebs in 195 BC, he and Marcus Brutus opposed the repeal of the ''lex Oppia''.  He was curule [[aedile]] in 192.  Praetor in 190 BC, he obtained the province of [[Etruria]], where he was subsequently [[promagistrate|propraetor]].  Afterward, the senate appointed him governor of [[Hispania Ulterior]].<ref>Livy, xxxiv. 1, xxxv. 41, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2, 50, 57.</ref><ref name="VM ix 1 3"/><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 340, 356, 362, 366.</ref>
* Decimus Junius Brutus, one of the triumvirs for founding a colony in the territory of [[Siponto|Sipontum]], in 194 BC.<ref>Livy, xxxiv. 35.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 345.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus (consul)|Marcus Junius M. f. L. n. Brutus]], consul in 178 BC, was probably the son of the Marcus Brutus who as praetor had dedicated the temple of the Magna Mater in 191, although they could possibly be the same person.  In his consulship, he was sent against the [[Histri|Istri]], whom he conquered in 177.  In 171 he was sent as an ambassador to the allies in [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia Minor]].  He was a candidate for the [[Roman censor|censorship]] of 169.<ref>Livy, xl. 59, xli. 9, 14, 15, xlii. 45, xliii. 16.</ref><ref>Obsequens, 62.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 195, 399,</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus (jurist, 2nd century BC)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus]], an eminent jurist of the second century BC.<ref>Cicero, ''De Oratore'', ii. 32, 55.</ref><ref>''Digesta'', 1. tit. 2. s. 39.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus (jurist, 1st century BC)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus]], a jurist, described unfavorably by [[Cicero]].<ref>Cicero, ''De Officiis'', ii. 14, ''Pro Fonteio'', 13</ref>
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus|Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Brutus Callaicus]], consul in 138 BC, was a partisan of the aristocratic party, and a fierce opponent of the tribunes of the plebs. After his year of office, he was assigned the province of [[Hispania Ulterior]], where he subdued the [[Gallaeci]] and the [[Lusitanians|Lusitani]], and received a [[Roman triumph|triumph]].<ref>Valerius Maximus, iii. 7. § 3, viii. 14. § 2.</ref><ref>Livy, ''Epitome'', 55, 56, 59.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''De Legibus'', iii. 9, ''Pro Balbo'', 17, ''Pr Archia Poeta'', 11, ''Brutus'', 28, ''De Amicitia'', 2, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', xii. 22.</ref>
* Junia M. f. M. n., the sister of Callaicus, died at an advanced age in 91 BC.  Her funeral featured actors playing her male ancestors, an honour usually reserved for men.<ref>''Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History'', p. 201.</ref><ref name=Iunius/><ref>James and Dillon, ''A Companion to Women in the Ancient World'', p. 363.</ref>
* Junia D. f. M. n., daughter of Callaicus, and mother of [[Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 50 BC)|Gaius Claudius Marcellus]], consul in 50 BC.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', xv. 7, 8.</ref>
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus (consul 77 BC)|Decimus Junius D. f. M. n. Brutus]], consul in 77 BC.
* Marcus Junius Brutus, an opponent of Sulla, committed suicide following the defeat in the [[Sulla's civil war|civil war]] of 82 BC. He is probably identical to Brutus, praetor in 88 BC.<ref>Livy, ''Periochae'', 89.1</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus]], praetor in 82 BC, was a violent partisan of [[Gaius Marius the Younger|the younger Marius]], at whose command he murdered senators of suspect loyalty in [[Sulla's civil war|the war]] with [[Sulla]].<ref>{{CIL|1|709}}</ref><ref>''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, [[s:Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/529|p. 511]] ("Brutus").</ref>
* Junius L. f. Brutus Damasippus, presumably a son of Lucius Junius Brutus Damasippus, praetor in 82 BC, was adopted by one of the [[Licinii Crassi]].<ref>Verboven, "Damasippus", pp. 196, 197.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus (tribune 83 BC)|Marcus Junius Brutus]], tribune of the plebs in 83 BC, and father of the tyrannicide, was put to death in 77 BC at [[Pompey]]'s instigation.
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Marcus Junius M. f. Brutus]], the tyrannicide.  He was adopted by his uncle, [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (uncle of Brutus)|Quintus Servilius Caepio]], and thereafter known as ''Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus''.
* [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Brutus Albinus]], one of the leading instigators of [[Caesar]]'s assassination.  He obtained his surname from his adoption by one of the [[Postumii]].

===Junii Perae===
* [[Decimus Junius Pera (consul 266 BC)|Decimus Junius D. f. D. n. Pera]], consul in 266 BC, and censor in 253, triumphed over the Sassinates, and a second time over the Sallentini and [[Messapii]].
* [[Marcus Junius Pera|Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Pera]], consul in 230 and censor in 225 BC, nominated dictator in 216 BC, after the [[Battle of Cannae]].

===Junii Penni===
* Marcus Junius M. f. Pennus, praetor ''urbanus'' in 201 BC.<ref>Livy, xxix. 11, xxx. 40, xxxi. 4.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Pennus (consul 167 BC)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Pennus]], praetor in 172 BC, was assigned to [[Hispania Citerior|Hither Spain]]; he was consul in 167.
* [[Marcus Junius Pennus (tribune 126 BC)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Pennus]], tribune of the plebs in 126 BC.  He passed a law preventing non-Roman citizens from settling in Roman cities (the ''Lex Junia de Peregrinis''), which was opposed by [[Gaius Gracchus]].  He died in 123 while being aedile.<ref>Lucilius, 1017.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 109. ''De Officiis'', iii. 11.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 508, 509 (note 3), 513.</ref>

===Junii Silani===
[[File:M. Junius Silanus, denarius, 145 BC, RRC 220-1.jpg|thumb|Denarius of Marcus Junius Silanus, 145 BC.  The obverse depicts [[Roma (mythology)|Roma]] in front of a donkey's head, alluding to [[Silenus]].  The [[Castor and Pollux|Dioscuri]] appear on the reverse.<ref name="Crawford, RRC, p. 259.">Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', p. 259.</ref>]]
[[File:D. Junius Silanus, denarius, 91 BC, RRC 337-2c.jpg|thumb|Denarius of Decimus Junius Silanus, 91 BC.  The obverse depicts the head of [[Salus]] within a torque, alluding to the temple of Salus built by Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus in 307 BC.  On the reverse, Victoria drives a biga.]]
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus (praetor 212 BC)|Marcus Junius Silanus]], prefect in Naples in 216 BC; praetor, then propraetor, in [[Etruria]] from 212 to 211, and propraetor in Spain between 210 and 206.<ref>Livy, xxv. 2, 3, 20.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 251, 268, 274, 280, 287, 292, 299, 300.</ref>
* Marcus Junius M. f. Silanus, prefect of the [[socii|allies]], fell in battle against the [[Boii]] in 196 BC.<ref>Livy, xxxiii. 36.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 338, 339 (note 8).</ref>
* [[Decimus Junius Silanus (translator of Mago)|Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus]], a senator commissioned by the senate ''circa'' 146 BC to translate the agricultural writings of [[Mago (agricultural writer)|Mago]] into Latin.<ref>Pliny the Elder, xviii. 3. s. 5.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 468.</ref>
* Marcus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus, ''[[List of Roman moneyers during the Republic|triumvir monetalis]]'' in 145 BC.  He was probably the tribune of the plebs who carried a ''lex Junia de repetundis'' of uncertain date.<ref name="Crawford, RRC, p. 259."/><ref>Eilers, "Silanus and Murena", pp. 178, 179.</ref>{{efn-lr|Crawford assumes that he was the younger brother of Decimus, the translator of Mago, but Eilers disagrees, concluding that Decimus was probably much older than the moneyer, nor could Marcus have been the son of Decimus, who was probably childless, hence his adoption of one of the Manlii Torquati.  Both Crawford and Eilers suggest that Marcus was the author of the ''lex Junia de repetundis'' passed between 149 and 123, although according to Broughton it was passed by the Marcus Junius Silanus who was consul in 109.}}
* [[Decimus Junius Silanus Manlianus|Decimus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus Manlianus]], the natural son of Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul in 165 BC), was adopted by Decimus Junius Silanus.  He was praetor in 141, and obtained [[Macedonia (Roman province)|Macedonia]] as his province, where he received bribes.  His natural father organised a private court in his house to judge him; banished from his father's house, Manlianus committed suicide soon after.<ref>Florus, ''Epitome'', 54.</ref><ref>Valerius Maximus, v. 8. § 3.</ref><ref>''De Finibus'', i, 24. Decius in the manuscript.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. I, p. 477.</ref>
* Marcus Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, ''triumvir monetalis'' in 116 or 115 BC, then praetor in Asia ''circa'' 102.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 300–301.</ref><ref>Eilers, "Silanus and Murena", pp. 178, 179.</ref>{{efn-lr|Crawford was unsure about this moneyer, saying that he could have also been the Consul of 109 BC, but Eilers demonstrates that Crawford's initial suggestion was correct, and that they were two different persons.}}
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 109 BC)|Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Silanus]], praetor in 113 or 112 BC, and consul in 109.  He was defeated by the [[Cimbri]] while consul or proconsul in Gaul in 109 or 108.<ref>Broughton, vol. I, pp. 513, 535, 537 (note 2), 538, 545, 549.</ref>
* Decimus Junius L. f. D. n. Silanus, ''triumvir monetalis'' in 91 BC.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 336–339.</ref>
* Marcus Junius D. f. D. n. Silanus, praetor in 77, and proconsul in Asia in 76.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 60, 64, 88, 94.</ref><ref>Claude Eilers, "Silanus and Murena", pp. 176–179. </ref>{{efn-lr|Broughton confuses the beginning of his career, as quaestor and proquaestor in Asia, with that of Marcus Junius Silanus, praetor ''circa'' 102.}}
* [[Decimus Junius Silanus (consul)|Decimus Junius M. f. Silanus]], aedile by 70 BC, praetor circa 67, and consul in 62.  He was the stepfather of Marcus Junius Brutus, the tyrannicide.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 114, 127, 130 (note 3), 143, 186.</ref>{{efn-lr|It is uncertain whether he is the son of the Marcus Junius Silanus who was consul in 109 BC, or the one who was praetor about 102.}}
* Marcus Junius Silanus, legate in 53 BC under [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] in [[Gaul]].<ref>Caesar, ''De Bello Gallico,'' vi. 1.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 231.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 25 BC)|Marcus Junius D. f. M. n. Silanus]], consul in 25 BC. He may be the same man as the legate under Lepidus and [[Mark Antony]] in 43 BC, the proquaestor under Antony from 34 to 33 BC, and moneyer in 33 indicating that he was also an augur.<ref>Broughton, vol. II, pp. 353, 412, 413, 416, 426.</ref><ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', p. 538.</ref>
* Lucius Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, perhaps an augur before 31 BC, was praetor ''circa'' 24, and an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in 21.<ref>Cassius Dio,  liv. 6. ''Silvanus'' in the manuscript.</ref><ref>''CIL'', 9.332.</ref><ref>Broughton, vol. II, p. 425.</ref>
* [[Junia Prima|Junia D. f. M. n.]], married [[Publius Servilius Isauricus]]
* [[Junia Secunda|Junia D. f. M. n.]], married [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|Marcus Aemilius Lepidus]], the triumvir.<ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', vi. 1, xiv. 8, ''Philippicae'', xiii. 4.</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, ii. 88.</ref><ref>Appian, ''Bellum Civile'', iv. 50.</ref>
* [[Junia Tertia|Junia D. f. M. n. Tertia]], married [[Gaius Cassius Longinus]], the tyrannicide.<ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Caesar", 50.</ref><ref>Macrobius, ii. 2.</ref><ref>Cicero, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', xiv. 20, xv. 11.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', iii. 76.</ref>
* [[Gaius Junius Silanus (consul 17 BC)|Gaius Junius C. f. Silanus]], consul in 17 BC.<ref>Cassius Dio, liv. 18.</ref>
* Marcus Junius M. f. D. n. Silanus, son of the Marcus Junius Silanus who was consul in 25 BC, and the father of Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 19.
* Gaius Junius M. f. (D. n.) Silanus, the father of Gaius Junius Silanus, consul in AD 10, and Marcus Junius Silanus, consul in AD 15.
* [[Gaius Junius Silanus|Gaius Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus]], consul in AD 10, and [[Flamen Martialis]].
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 15)|Marcus Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 15.
* [[Decimus Junius Silanus (exiled AD 8)|Decimus Junius C. f. M. n. Silanus]], exiled in AD 8 for his affair with [[Julia the Younger|Julia]], the granddaughter of Augustus.
* Junia C. f. M. n. Torquata, a [[Vestal Virgin]], interceded on behalf of her brother, Gaius Junius Silanus, the consul of AD 10, after he was condemned for treason in AD 22.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', iii. 70.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus (consul 19)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus]], consul in AD 19.
* [[Junia Claudilla|Junia M. f. M. n. Claudilla]], wife of the emperor [[Caligula]].
* [[Junia Silana|Junia M. f. M. n. Silana]], the wife of [[Gaius Silius (consul designatus 49 AD)|Gaius Silius]].
* [[Appius Junius Silanus]], consul in AD 28, put to death by the emperor [[Claudius]].
* Lucius Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 28.
* [[Junia Calvina|Junia M. f. M. n. Calvina]], the daughter of Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus, consul in AD 19, married [[Lucius Vitellius the Younger|Lucius Vitellius]].
* [[Junia Lepida|Junia M. f. M. n. Lepida]], the sister of Calvina, married [[Gaius Cassius Longinus (consul 30)|Gaius Cassius Longinus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 30.
* Decimus Junius Silanus Gaetulicus, a son of [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (consul 26)|Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus]] the consul of AD 26.
* [[Marcus Junius Silanus (consul 46)|Marcus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus]], consul in AD 46, and later poisoned by [[Agrippina the Younger|Agrippina]].
* [[Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus|Lucius Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus]], praetor in AD 48.
* [[Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus|Decimus Junius M. f. M. n. Silanus Torquatus]], consul in AD 53.
* Marcus Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 54 or 55.<ref name=Ginsburg>Ginsburg, "Nero's Consular Policy".</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Torquatus Silanus|Lucius Junius M. f. M. n. Torquatus Silanus]], put to death by the emperor [[Nero]] in AD 65.
* Junius Silanus, perhaps consul ''suffectus'' in AD 189; his nomen is not complete in surviving inscriptions, and may instead be ''Julius''.<ref>{{CIL|6|1980}}, {{CIL|14|460}}, {{AE|2002|1568}}.</ref>
* Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 237, read before the senate the letter of [[Gordian I]], in which he accepted the empire.  He should perhaps be ''Julius Silanus'', the name by which he is called in the ''[[Augustan History|Historia Augusta]]''.<ref>Julius Capitolinus, "The Lives of the Two Maximini", 16.</ref>

===Junii Blaesi===
* Junius Blaesus, the maternal grandfather of Sejanus.<ref name=Iunius/>
* [[Junius Blaesus|Quintus Junius Blaesus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 10.  Governor of [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]] from 21 to 23, he triumphed over [[Tacfarinas]].  When his nephew, Sejanus, was arrested and put to death for treason in AD 31, and Blaesus was accused of complicity, he chose to end his life rather than face execution.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', i. 18, iii. 35, 72, 73, v. 7.</ref><ref name=Iunius/>
* [[Junia Blaesa]], the mother of [[Sejanus]].<ref>Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', p. 486.</ref>
* Quintus Junius Q. f. Blaesus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 26.  He and his brother, also of consular rank, took their own lives in AD 36, after Tiberius designated others for the priesthoods that had been promised to the Junii Blaesi.<ref name="Tacitus An vi 40">Tacitus, ''Annales'', vi. 40.</ref><ref name="Syme AA 163">Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'', pp. 163, 304.</ref>
* Lucius Junius Q. f. Blaesus, served under his father during the war against Tacfarinas. He was consul ''suffectus'' in AD 28, and put an end to himself in AD 36, as he felt himself disgraced by Tiberius.<ref name="Tacitus An vi 40"/><ref name="Syme AA 163"/>
* Junius Blaesus, governor of [[Gallia Lugdunensis]] in AD 69, was a supporter of the emperor [[Vitellius]], who nonetheless had Blaesus poisoned because he had boasted about his descent from [[Mark Antony]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'', iii. 38.</ref>

===Junii Rustici===
* Junius Rusticus, appointed to draw up the ''acta'' of the senate in AD 29, during the reign of Tiberius.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', v. 4.</ref>
* [[Arulenus Rusticus|Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 92, a pupil of [[Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus]], put to death by [[Domitian]].
* [[Junius Mauricus]], brother of Arulenus Rusticus, and friend of [[Pliny the Younger|the younger Pliny]].<ref>Pliny the Younger, ''Epistulae'', i. 5, § 10, iii. 11, § 3, iv. 22.</ref><ref>Tacitus, ''Historiae'', iv. 40, ''Agricola'', 45.</ref><ref>Aurelius Victor, ''Epitome de Caesaribus'', 12.</ref>
* Quintus Junius (L. f.) Rusticus, consul in AD 119 with the emperor [[Hadrian]], is probably the consul Junius mentioned by [[Juvenal]].<ref>Juvenal, xv. 27.</ref>
* [[Junius Rusticus|Quintus Junius (Q. f. L. n.) Rusticus]], consul ''suffectus'' in AD 133, and consul in AD 162.

===Others===
[[File:Brutus Eid Mar.jpg|thumb|alt=|Denarius of [[Marcus Junius Brutus]], depicted on the obverse.  The reverse depicts a ''[[Pileus (hat)|pileus]]'' between two daggers, with the legend "EID MAR" ([[Ides of March]]), commemorating the assassination of [[Caesar]].]]
* Quintus Junius, tribune of the plebs in 439 BC, endeavored to excite the people against the murderers of [[Spurius Maelius]].<ref>Livy, iv. 16.</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Pullus (consul 249 BC)|Lucius Junius C. f. L. n. Pullus]], consul in 249 BC during the [[First Punic War]].
* Decimus Junius, stationed with a force at the mouth of the [[Volturno|Volturnus]] by the consul [[Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 212 BC)|Appius Claudius Pulcher]], in 212 BC, during the [[Second Punic War]].<ref>Livy, xxv. 22.</ref>
* Gaius Junius C. f., ''triumvir monetalis'' in 149 BC.<ref>Crawford, ''Roman Republican Coinage'', pp. 252, 253.</ref>
* [[Marcus Junius Gracchanus]], sometimes emended to M. Junius Congus Gracchanus, a noteworthy legal historian and scholar of the Roman constitution and magistracies. He was perhaps tribune of the plebs in 123 and author of a law that amended the ''[[lex Calpurnia]]''. As his nickname implies, he was a supporter of [[Gaius Gracchus]].<ref>Boris Rankov, "M. Iunius Congus the Gracchan", pp. 89–94. </ref>
* Titus Junius L. f., a skilled orator in the time of [[Sulla]], obtained the condemnation of Publius Sextius, praetor ''designatus'', for bribery at the elections.<ref>Cicero, ''Brutus'', 48.</ref>
* Marcus Junius, the previous defender of Publius Quinctius, whose defense was subsequently assumed by [[Cicero]].<ref>Cicero ''Pro Quinctio'', 1.</ref>
* Gaius Junius, one of the judges in the case against Oppianicus, accused of corruption and compelled to retire from public life.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Cluentio'', 1, 20, 27, 29, 33.</ref>
* Gaius Junius C. f., son of the Judge in the case against Oppianicus.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Cluentio'', 49.</ref>
* Marcus Junius, a praetor, before whom Cicero defended Decimus Matrinius.<ref>Cicero, ''Pro Cluentio'', 45.</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder, xxxv. 10.</ref>
* Junius Saturninus, a historian during the time of Augustus, quoted by [[Suetonius]].<ref>Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus", 27.</ref>
* [[Junius Otho (praetor AD 22)|Junius Otho]], a rhetorician, and praetor in AD 22.
* Junius Otho, tribune of the plebs in AD 37, banished by Tiberius for interceding in the question of the reward that was to be given to the accuser of Acutia, the wife of [[Publius Vitellius the Younger|Publius Vitellius]].<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', vi. 47.</ref>
* [[Columella|Lucius Junius Moderatus]], surnamed ''Columella'', an important historical writer, author of ''De Re Rustica''.
* [[Lucius Junius Gallio]], a rhetorician and friend of [[Seneca the Elder|the elder Seneca]], whose son he adopted. He was expelled from Italy because Tiberius suspected he was associated with Sejanus.  He may have been related to Sejanus' uncle, Quintus Junius Blaesus, or perhaps even his brother.<ref>Seager, ''Tiberius'', p. 190.</ref><ref>Grenfell and Hunt, ''The Oxyrhynchus Papyri'', vol. 55, p. 184.</ref>
* [[Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus]], son of the elder Seneca, adopted by the rhetorician Lucius Junius Gallio.
* Lucius Junius Maro Aemilius Paternus, an eminent citizen of Lancia, probably related to the two Junii Blaesi who lost their priesthoods.<ref>''Journal of Roman Studies'', vol. 23–24, p. 4.</ref>
* [[Junius Cilo]], [[procurator (Roman)|procurator]] of [[Bithynia et Pontus]] during the reign of Claudius, brought [[Tiberius Julius Mithridates|Mithridates]] of [[Bosporan Kingdom|Bosporus]] to Rome.<ref>Tacitus, ''Annales'', xii. 21.</ref><ref>Cassius Dio, lx. 33.</ref>
* Junius Maximus, a contemporary of the poet [[Statius]], from whom we learn that he made an epitome of the histories of [[Sallust]] and [[Livy]].<ref>Statius, ''Silvae'', iv. 7, ult.</ref>
* [[Titus Junius Montanus]], consul ''Ex Kal. Mai.'' in AD 81.<ref name="DGRBM">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''.</ref>
* [[Juvenal|Decimus Junius Juvenalis]], a poet of the late first and early second centuries.
* Kanus Junius Niger, consular legate in Germania Superior, AD 116; he may have been consul the previous year.<ref>{{AE|2002|1762}}.</ref><ref name="RE">''[[Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft]]''.</ref>
* Kanus Junius (Kani f.) Niger, consul in AD 138.<ref>{{CIL|16|83}}.</ref><ref name="RE"/>
* [[Junius Mauricianus]], a jurist in the time of [[Antoninus Pius]].
* Aulus Junius Rufinus, consul in AD 153.<ref name="DGRBM"/>
* Marcus Junius Rufinus Sabinianus, consul in AD 155.<ref name="DGRBM"/>
* [[Gaius Junius Faustinus Postumianus]], governor of [[Britannia Superior]] during the first half of the third century.
* [[Gaius Junius Donatus]], consul in AD 260.<ref name="DGRBM"/>
* Marcus Junius Maximus, consul in AD 282.<ref name="DGRBM"/>
* [[Junius Quartus Palladius]], consul in AD 416.<ref name="DGRBM"/>
* [[Junius Philargyrius]], an early commentator on [[Virgil|Publius Vergilius Maro]].

==See also==
* [[List of Roman gentes]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist-lr}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=y}}
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{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Junii| ]]
[[Category:Roman gentes]]