View source for Justin S. Morrill

{{short description|American politician (1810–1898)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name        = Justin S. Morrill
|image       = Justin Smith Morrill - Brady-Handy (1).jpg
|alt         = Morrill seated in a suit
|caption     = Morrill pictured between 1855 and 1865
|office      = 19th [[Dean of the United States Senate]]
|term_start  = November 1, 1891
|term_end    = December 28, 1898
|predecessor = [[George F. Edmunds]]
|successor   = [[William B. Allison]]
|jr/sr1      = United States Senator
|state1      = [[Vermont]]
|party       = {{ubl | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] (before 1855) | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (from 1855) }}
|term1       = March 4, 1867 – December 28, 1898
|preceded1   = [[Luke P. Poland]]
|succeeded1  = [[Jonathan Ross (senator)|Jonathan Ross]]
|office2     = [[List of chairmen of the House Republican Conference|Chairman]] of the [[House Republican Conference]]
|term_start2 = March 4, 1863
|term_end2   = March 3, 1867
|1blankname2 = Speaker
|1namedata2  = [[Schuyler Colfax]]
|preceded2   = Office established
|succeeded2  = {{nowrap|[[Robert C. Schenck]]}} and {{nowrap|[[Nathaniel P. Banks]]}} {{small|(1869)}}
|office3     = Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Committee on Ways and Means]]
|term_start3 = March 4, 1865
|term_end3   = March 3, 1867
|preceded3   = [[Thaddeus Stevens]]
|succeeded3  = [[Robert C. Schenck]]
|state4      = [[Vermont]]
|district4   = {{ushr|VT|2|2nd}}
|term_start4 = March 4, 1855
|term_end4   = March 3, 1867
|preceded4   = [[Andrew Tracy]]
|succeeded4  = [[Luke P. Poland]]
|birth_date  = {{birth date|1810|4|14}}
|birth_place = [[Strafford, Vermont]], US
|death_date  = {{death date and age|1898|12|28|1810|4|14}}
|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], US
|spouse      = Ruth Barrell Swan (1821–1898)
|children    = 2
|signature   = JustinSmithMorrill.svg
|profession  = Businessman
}}

'''Justin Smith Morrill''' (April 14, 1810{{spaced ndash}}December 28, 1898) was an American politician and entrepreneur who represented [[Vermont]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]] (1855–1867) and [[United States Senate]] (1867–1898). He is most widely remembered for [[Morrill Land-Grant Acts]] that provided federal funding for establishing many of the United States' public colleges and universities following a movement led by [[Jonathan Baldwin Turner]]. He is also remembered for the [[Morrill Tariff]]. Originally a [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]], after that party became defunct Morrill was one of the founders of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>McCarthy, Daniel (May 5, 2008) [http://www.amconmag.com/article/2008/may/05/00030/ Fewer Bases, More Baseball]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231735/http://amconmag.com/article/2008/may/05/00030/ |date=April 30, 2011 }}, ''[[The American Conservative]]''</ref>

A native of [[Strafford, Vermont]], Morrill was educated in the schools of Strafford,  [[Thetford Academy, Vermont|Thetford Academy]] and [[Randolph, Vermont|Randolph]] Academy. He worked as a merchant's clerk in Maine and Vermont, then embarked on a business career. In partnership with Jedediah H. Harris, Morrill owned and operated several stores in towns throughout Vermont.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moroney |first1=Siobhan |last2=II |first2=Coy F. Cross |date=2000 |title=Justin Smith Morrill: Father of the Land-Grant Colleges |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369563 |journal=History of Education Quarterly |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=352 |doi=10.2307/369563 |jstor=369563 |issn=0018-2680|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The success of his stores enabled Morrill to invest profitably in a farm, banks, railroads, and real estate.

Morrill was active in politics as a Whig, and was elected to Congress in 1854. The party became defunct soon afterwards, and Morrill was a founder of the new Republican Party. He won reelection to the U.S. House every two years from 1856 to 1864, and he served from March 1857 to March 1867. During his House service, Morrill served as chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|Ways and Means Committee]] and the [[House Republican Conference]].

In 1866, Morrill was elected to the U.S. Senate, and he served from March 1867 until his death. During his Senate career, Morrill was chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Senate Finance Committee]] and the [[United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works|Joint Committee on Public Buildings]]. Morrill died in [[Washington, D.C.]], on December 28, 1898. He was buried at Strafford Cemetery.

==Early life==
Morrill was born in [[Strafford, Vermont]], on April 14, 1810, the son of  Mary Hunt (Proctor) Morrill and Nathaniel Morrill, a farmer, blacksmith, and militia leader who attained the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Forbes |first=Charles Spooner |date=January 1, 1899 |title=Justin Smith Morrill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uo8eAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA87 |magazine=The Vermonter |location=St. Albans, VT |publisher=St. Albans Messenger Company |pages=87–88 |via=[[Google Books]] |ref={{sfnRef|Forbes}}}}</ref> Morrill attended the common schools of Strafford, [[Thetford Academy, Vermont|Thetford Academy]] and [[Randolph, Vermont|Randolph]] Academy.{{sfn|Forbes|page=88}} He then trained for a business career by working as a merchant's clerk in Strafford and [[Portland, Maine]]. {{sfn|Forbes|page=88}} He then was a merchant in Strafford, and the partnership in which he participated with Judge Jedediah H. Harris grew to own and operate four stores throughout the state.<ref>Hiram Carleton, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3 Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, Volume 1, 1903, page 83</ref>  Morrill also served in local offices including Town Auditor and Justice of the Peace.<ref>Richard Zuczek, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QA3hdQzOVC4C&dq=%22morrill%2C+justin+smith%22+town+auditor&pg=PA422 Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=QA3hdQzOVC4C&dq=%22morrill,+justin+smith%22+town+auditor&pg=PA422 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, Volume 2, page 422</ref>

One of Judge Harris's daughters married [[Portus Baxter]], who also served in Congress. Baxter and Morrill became close friends as a result of the connection to Judge Harris, with Morrill referring to Baxter as "one of nature's noblemen" and Baxter consciously patterning his business and political career on Morrill's.<ref>[[William Belmont Parker]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=7YYhAAAAMAAJ&q=noblemen The Life and Public Services of Justin Smith Morrill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725141713/https://books.google.com/books?id=7YYhAAAAMAAJ&q=noblemen|date=July 25, 2023}}, 1924, page 52</ref>

Morrill invested in several successful ventures, including banks, railroads, and real estate.<ref name="Martinez">{{cite book |last=Martinez |first=J. Michael |date=2019 |title=Congressional Lions:Trailblazing Members of Congress and How They Shaped American History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mX_QDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Lexington Books |pages=44–45 |isbn=978-1-4985-5945-4 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> By the late 1840s he was financially secure enough to retire, and he became a gentleman farmer.<ref name="Martinez"/>

In addition to farming, Morrill became active in the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]], including serving as chairman of the [[Orange County, Vermont|Orange County]] Whig Committee, a member of the Vermont State Whig Committee, and a Delegate to the [[1852 Whig National Convention]].<ref>Alfred Charles True, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C4Y_AAAAYAAJ/page/n107 <!-- quote=justin morrill partnership four stores. --> A History of Agricultural Education in the United States: 1785–1925], 1929, page 95</ref>

==Congressional career==
[[File:Justin Smith Morrill (cwpbh.04981) (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=Morrill seated in a suit|left|Justin Smith Morrill (pictured between 1865 and 1880)]]
In 1854 Morrill was elected to the [[Thirty-fourth United States Congress|Thirty-fourth Congress]] as a Whig.{{sfn|Forbes|page=89}} He was a founder of the [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]], and won reelection five times as a Republican, serving from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1867.{{sfn|Forbes|page=89}} He served as chairman of the [[U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means|Committee on Ways and Means]] in the [[Thirty-ninth United States Congress|Thirty-ninth Congress]].{{sfn|Forbes|page=89}} He also served on the [[United States Congress Joint Committee on Reconstruction|Joint Committee on Reconstruction]], which drafted the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]].

In 1866 Morrill was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Union Republican.{{sfn|Forbes|pages=89-90}} He was reelected as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] in 1872, 1878, 1884, 1890, and 1896, and served from March 4, 1867, until his death, almost thirty-one years.{{sfn|Forbes|pages=89-90}} He served as chairman of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds|Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds]] ([[Forty-first United States Congress|Forty-first]] through [[Forty-fourth United States Congress|Forty-fourth Congresses]]) where he played a vital role in obtaining the current [[Library of Congress]] main building through his work on the Joint Select Committee on Additional Accommodations for the Library.{{sfn|Forbes|page=90}} He also served as chairman of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Finance|Committee on Finance]] ([[Forty-fifth United States Congress|Forty-fifth]], [[Forty-seventh United States Congress|Forty-seventh]] through [[Fifty-second United States Congress|Fifty-second]], [[Fifty-fourth United States Congress|Fifty-fourth]] and [[Fifty-fifth United States Congress|Fifty-fifth Congresses]]).{{sfn|Forbes|page=90}} In addition, Morrill was a regent of the [[Smithsonian Institution]] from 1883 to 1898 and a trustee of the [[University of Vermont]] from 1865 to 1898.{{sfn|Forbes|page=90}}

==Legislation==
[[File:Morrill Hall.jpg|right|thumb|Morrill Hall at [[Iowa State University]], one of several Morrill Halls at colleges created by the [[Morrill Act]]]]
The [[Morrill Tariff]] of 1861 was a [[Protectionism|protective]] tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861.  Passed after anti-tariff southerners had left Congress during the process of secession, Morrill designed it with the advice of [[Pennsylvania]] economist Henry C. Carey.<ref>Cynthia Clark Northrup, Elaine C. Prange Turney, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aPrlkDP3OzwC&dq=morrill+tariff+1861&pg=PA265 Encyclopedia of Tariffs and Trade in U.S. History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=aPrlkDP3OzwC&dq=morrill+tariff+1861&pg=PA265 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2003, page 265</ref>  It was one of the last acts signed into law by [[James Buchanan]], and replaced the [[Tariff of 1857]].<ref>Alvin S. Felzenberg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k1ZreywJJe0C&dq=morrill+tariff+1861+buchanan&pg=PA190 The Leaders We Deserved (and a Few we Didn't)]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 2010, page 190</ref>  Additional tariffs Morrill sponsored were passed to raise revenue during the [[American Civil War]].<ref>Bob Navarro, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kjn2k42dTrYC&dq=justin+morrill+tariffs+civil+war+revenue&pg=PA105 The Country in Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011819/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kjn2k42dTrYC&dq=justin+morrill+tariffs+civil+war+revenue&pg=PA105 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2008, page 105</ref>

Morrill is best known for sponsoring the Morrill Act, also known as the [[Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act|Land Grant College Act]].  This act was signed into law by [[Abraham Lincoln]] in 1862, and established federal funding for higher education in every state of the country. In his own words:

{{blockquote|text= This bill proposes to establish at least one college in every State upon a sure and perpetual foundation, accessible to all, but especially to the sons of toil, where all of needful science for the practical avocations of life shall be taught, where neither the higher graces of classical studies nor that military drill our country now so greatly appreciates will be entirely ignored, and where agriculture, the foundation of all present and future prosperity, may look for troops of earnest friends, studying its familiar and recondite economies, and at last elevating it to that higher level where it may fearlessly invoke comparison with the most advanced standards of the world.|source=Justin Smith Morrill, 1862, as quoted by [[William Belmont Parker]], ''The Life and Public Services of Justin Smith Morrill''}}

He also authored the [[Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act]] of 1862, which targeted [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], based on the then-existing practice of [[plural marriage]] ([[Polygamy#Mormonism|polygamy]]). It imposed a five-hundred dollar fine and up to five years imprisonment for the crime of polygamy. On January 6, 1879, in ''[[Reynolds v. United States]]'' the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]], upheld the Anti-Bigamy Act's ban on plural marriage.<ref>Michael S. Durham, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yeVUXiqmAEgC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act&pg=PA199 Desert Between the Mountains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=yeVUXiqmAEgC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act&pg=PA199 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 1999, page 199</ref><ref>Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0gs5r3ACH9IC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act+%24500+fine&pg=PA211 The Utah Journey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=0gs5r3ACH9IC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act+$500+fine&pg=PA211 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2009, page 211</ref><ref>Gordon Morris Bakken, editor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zjHQWyttp6QC&dq=polygamy+reynolds+v+united+states&pg=PA292 Law in the Western United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011824/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjHQWyttp6QC&dq=polygamy+reynolds+v+united+states&pg=PA292 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2000, page 292</ref>

While serving in the U.S. House, Morrill secured passage of legislation to establish the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] inside the [[United States Capitol]].<ref name="Statuary">{{cite web |url=https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-Creation-of-National-Statuary-Hall/ |title=The Creation of National Statuary Hall |author=Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives |website=Historical Highlights: July 2, 1864 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives |location=Washington, DC |access-date=June 6, 2022 |quote= |archive-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518163729/https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-Creation-of-National-Statuary-Hall/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the provisions of this 1864 law, each state is permitted to provide two statues of noteworthy citizens for display inside the Capitol.<ref name="Statuary"/>

A second Land Grant College Act in 1890 targeted the former [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] states and led to the creation of several [[historically black colleges and universities]].<ref>Roger L. Geiger, editor, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gJDIpl5Hy0wC&dq=morrill+act+1890+confederate+states&pg=PA81 History of Higher Education Annual] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=gJDIpl5Hy0wC&dq=morrill+act+1890+confederate+states&pg=PA81 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 1998, page 81</ref>

The Land Grant College Acts ultimately led to the founding of 106 [[List of land-grant universities|colleges]] including many state universities, polytechnic colleges, and agricultural and mechanical colleges.<ref>Epsilon Sigma Phi, [http://espnational.org/about-us/land-grant-universities.html Land Grant Universities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311085521/http://espnational.org/about-us/land-grant-universities.html |date=March 11, 2014 }}, retrieved March 10, 2014</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Justin Morrill Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|Mausoleum of Senator Justin Smith Morrill in Strafford, Vermont]]
In 1851, Morrill married Ruth Barrell Swan (1822–1898) of [[Easton, Massachusetts]].{{sfn|Forbes|page=91}} They had two children. Justin Harris Morrill (1853–1855) died in childhood. James Swan Morrill (1857–1910) graduated from the [[University of Vermont]] in 1880 and [[George Washington University Law School|Columbian College Law School]] in 1882. He was a lawyer and farmer and served in a variety of offices including as a member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]].<ref>Hiram Carleton, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3 Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, Volume 1, 1903, page 85</ref><ref>Vermont Secretary of State, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4KmjAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22james+swan+morrill%22+law+school&pg=PA107 Legislative Manual] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=4KmjAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22james+swan+morrill%22+law+school&pg=PA107 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 1902, page 107</ref><ref>Washington Post, James S. Morrill Dead, July 29, 1910</ref><ref>George Washington University, [https://archive.org/stream/generalalumnicat00geor#page/174/mode/2up/search/morrill General Alumni Catalogue of George Washington University], 1917, page 174</ref> He wrote ''Self-Consciousness of Noted Persons'', published in 1886.<ref>{{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Morrill, Justin Smith|short=x|vb=x}} A facsimile of the book is available at [https://archive.org/details/selfconsciousne00morr archive.org].</ref>

Morrill died in Washington, D.C. on December 28, 1898.<ref>Leonard C. Schlup, James G. Ryan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lhRqUo9HzVwC&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+december+1898&pg=PA321 Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=lhRqUo9HzVwC&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+december+1898&pg=PA321 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2003, page 321</ref>  He was buried at Strafford Cemetery.<ref>Inter-state Journal magazine, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hLMaAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+mausoleum&pg=PT85 The Morrill Mausoleum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLMaAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+mausoleum&pg=PT85 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, September 1900, page 3</ref>

At the time of Morrill's death his 43 years and 299 days of [[List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service#Combined U.S. Senate and U.S. House time|continuous Congressional service]] was the longest in U.S. history.  He has since been surpassed, but still ranks 31st as of the end of the [[118th United States Congress|118th Congress]] (December 2024).
{{clear}}

==Legacy==
[[Image:JSMorrill-House.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Justin Smith Morrill Homestead|Morrill Homestead]] in [[Strafford, Vermont]]]]
The [[Justin Smith Morrill Homestead]] in Strafford is a National Historic Landmark.<ref>U.S. Government Printing Office, [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hres1253ih/html/BILLS-111hres1253ih.htm House Resolution 1253] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310202527/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hres1253ih/html/BILLS-111hres1253ih.htm |date=March 10, 2014 }}, Commemorating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Vermont Senator Justin Smith Morrill, April 14, 2010</ref>

Many colleges established under the Morrill Act created a 'Morrill Hall' in his honor.<ref>Robert F. Wilson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=u6-5CAAAQBAJ Vermont Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=u6-5CAAAQBAJ |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 2008</ref>

Morrill was initiated into the [[Delta Upsilon]] fraternity as an honorary member in 1864.<ref>Delta Upsilon fraternity, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ou4TAAAAIAAJ&dq=justin+morrill+delta+upsilon&pg=PA30 The Delta Upsilon Quarterly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ou4TAAAAIAAJ&dq=justin+morrill+delta+upsilon&pg=PA30 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, Volume 11, 1892, page 30</ref>  He received honorary degrees from the [[University of Vermont]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], [[Dartmouth College]], and many other institutions.<ref>D. Appleton and Company, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uaRRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22morrill+justin+smith%22+m.a.+ll.d.&pg=PA559 Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=uaRRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22morrill+justin+smith%22+m.a.+ll.d.&pg=PA559 |date=October 10, 2023 }}, 1898, page 559</ref>

Justin Morrill College at [[Michigan State University]] was named for him.<ref>Michigan State University, College of Arts and Letters, [http://www.cal.msu.edu/alumni/justin-morrill-info/ Justin Morrill College, 1965–1979] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310195607/http://www.cal.msu.edu/alumni/justin-morrill-info/ |date=March 10, 2014 }}, retrieved March 10, 2014</ref>

In 1962, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 4 cent postage stamp to celebrate the centennial of the Morrill Land-Grant College Act.  In 1999, the Postal Service issued a 55 cent [[Great Americans series]] postage stamp of Morrill to honor his role in establishing the land grant colleges.<ref>Cornell University, [https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/morrill/MorrillLincoln.html Senator Justin S. Morrill: The Land-Grant College Act and Cornell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013225959/http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/morrill/MorrillLincoln.html |date=October 13, 2014 }}, retrieved March 10, 2014</ref>

In 1967 [[Ohio State University]] opened two residence halls on its campus.  Named for Morrill and Abraham Lincoln, they are also known as [[The Towers (Ohio State)|The Towers]].<ref name="Ohio Stadium (late 1940s)">{{cite news|last1=Deitch|first1=Linda|title=Due south of Ohio Stadium (late 1940s)|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/blogs/a-look-back/2013/01/due-south-of-ohio-stadium-late-1940s.html|access-date=April 5, 2015|agency=Columbus Dispatch|date=January 9, 2013|archive-date=April 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411112614/http://www.dispatch.com/content/blogs/a-look-back/2013/01/due-south-of-ohio-stadium-late-1940s.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are the tallest buildings on the OSU campus, and among the tallest in [[Columbus Ohio]].

==See also==
*[[List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (1790–1899)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*Cross, Coy F. ''Justin Smith Morrill, Father of the Land-Grant Colleges.'' Michigan State University Press: 1999. {{ISBN|978-0-87013-508-8}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5NYBqv3E7IMC&dq=Justin+Smith+Morrill:+father+of+the+land-grant+colleges+Coy+F.+Cross&pg=PA9 online]
* Ross, Earle D. "The 'Father' of the Land-Grant College" ''Agricultural History'' (1938) 12#2  pp.&nbsp;151–186 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3739423 online], on Justin S. Morrill versus [[Jonathan Baldwin Turner]] of Illinois on who deserves the most credit.
* Sorber, Nathan M. ''Land-grant colleges and popular revolt: The origins of the Morrill Act and the reform of higher education'' (Cornell University Press, 2018) [https://books.google.com/books?id=gL5RDwAAQBAJ&dq=MORRILL&pg=PT4 online].
*[https://archive.org/details/memorialaddress01addrgoog/page/n98 <!-- quote=justin morrill longest congressional service. --> ''Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Justin S. Morrill.''] Government Printing Office: 1899.

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Morrill, Justin Smith|Justin Smith Morrill}}
{{CongBio|M000969}}  Includes ''[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/guidedisplay.pl?index=M000969 Guide to Research Collections]'' where his papers are located.
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Justin Smith Morrill |sopt=t}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131101085754/http://nepr.net/morrill/ "An Audacious Act: How a High School Dropout Helped Educate America"] produced by [http://nepr.net/ WFCR New England Public Radio] and journalist [[Lisa Mullins]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511204438/http://www.ndsu.edu/instruct/isern/morrill.htm NDSU shrine to Morrill]
* [http://historicvermont.org/morrill/ Vermont Division for Historic Preservation]
* [http://www.morrillhomestead.org Friends of the Morrill Homestead]
* [http://video.vpt.org/video/1461784111 ''Justin Morrill: Land For Learning''] Documentary produced by [[Vermont Public Television]]
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00385 Justin S. Morrill papers] at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.

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{{US House succession box
| state=Vermont
| district=2
| before=[[Andrew Tracy]]
| after=[[Luke P. Poland]]
| years=March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1867
}}
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{{U.S. Senator box
|state=Vermont
|class=3
|before=[[Luke P. Poland]]
|after=[[Jonathan Ross (senator)|Jonathan Ross]]
|alongside=[[George F. Edmunds]] and [[Redfield Proctor]]
|years=March 4, 1867 – December 28, 1898
}}
{{succession box
|title= Chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|U.S. Senate Committee on Finance]]
|before=[[John Sherman (politician)|John Sherman]]
|years=1877–1879
|after=[[Thomas F. Bayard]]
}}
{{succession box
|title= Chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|U.S. Senate Committee on Finance]]
|before=[[Thomas F. Bayard]]
|years=1881–1893
|after=[[Daniel W. Voorhees|Daniel Voorhees]]
}}
{{succession box
|title= Chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|U.S. Senate Committee on Finance]]
|before=[[Daniel W. Voorhees|Daniel Voorhees]]
|years=1895–1898
|after=[[Nelson Aldrich]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{US Senate Deans}}
{{USSenVT}}
{{SenPublic WorksCommitteeChairmen}}
{{SenFinanceCommitteeChairs}}
{{US House Ways and Means chairs}}
{{US House Republican Conference Chairs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morrill, Justin S.}}
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1898 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Vermont in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Culture of Vermont]]
[[Category:People from Strafford, Vermont]]
[[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Vermont]]
[[Category:Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont]]
[[Category:Half-Breeds (Republican Party)]]
[[Category:Thetford Academy, Vermont alumni]]
[[Category:19th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:19th-century United States representatives]]