View source for KOI8-R

{{Short description|Character encoding}}
{{Infobox character encoding
|name           = KOI8-R
|alias          = cp878 ([[code page]] 878)
|lang           = [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
|classification = 8-bit [[KOI character encodings|KOI]], [[extended ASCII]]
|basedon        = [[KOI-8]]
|extends        = [[KOI8-B]]
|otherrelated   = [[KOI8-U]], [[KOI8-RU]]
}}
'''KOI8-R''' (RFC 1489) is an 8-bit [[character encoding]] derived from the [[KOI-8]] encoding by the programmer [[Andrei Chernov]] in 1993 and designed to cover [[Russian language|Russian]], which uses the [[Russian alphabet|Russian subset]] of a [[Cyrillic script]].  KOI-8, on its turn, is an 8-bit extension of the [[KOI-7]] encoding, which inherited a [[Phonemic orthography|phonetic]] correspondence of Russian and Latin letters from the [[MTK-2]] [[teletype]] code.  As a result, Russian Cyrillic letters in KOI8-R are in pseudo-Latin alphabetical order rather than the normal Cyrillic one like in [[ISO 8859-5]].  Although this may seem unnatural, this has the useful effect that if the 8th bit is stripped, the text remains partially readable in any [[ASCII]]-based encoding (including KOI8-R itself) as a case-reversed [[transliteration]].  For example, "Код для обмена и обработки информации" (the Russian meaning of the "KOI" acronym) becomes ''kOD DLQ OBMENA I OBRABOTKI INFORMACII''.

KOI-8 stands for ''8-bitnyy kod dlya obmena i obrabotki informatsii'' ({{langx|ru|8-битный код для обмена и обработки информации}}) which means "8-Bit Code for Information Interchange".<ref>{{in lang|ru}} ГОСТ 19768-74 (СТ СЭВ 358-76). Машины вычислительные и система обработки данных. Коды 8-битные для обмена и обработки информации.</ref>  In [[Microsoft Windows]], KOI8-R is assigned the code page number 20866. In [[IBM]], KOI8-R is assigned code page 878.<ref name="IBMCP878" /><ref name="IBM_878" />  KOI8-R also happens to cover [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]].

It lacks proper quotation marks for these languages: both «...» and the Bulgarian „...“. [[Windows-1251]] does support these, as well as more letters, and has thus become more popular. KOI8-R is used by less than 0.004% of websites, mostly  Russian and Bulgarian.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} [[Unicode]] and [[UTF-8]] is preferred to single-byte Cyrillic encodings in modern applications, Unicode contains 436 [[Cyrillic script in Unicode|Cyrillic letters]] including for [[Old Cyrillic]].

==Character set==
The following table shows the KOI8-R encoding. Each character is shown with its equivalent [[Unicode]] code point.

{|{{chset-table-header1|KOI8-R<ref name="Unicode_2016_KOI8-R"/><ref>{{Citation|title=Code Page CPGID 00878 (pdf)|url=https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00878.pdf|publisher=IBM}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Code Page CPGID 00878 (txt)|url=https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00878.txt|publisher=IBM}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm|url=https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-878_P100-1996.ucm|date=2002-12-03}}</ref>}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|0x}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|1x}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|2x}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|U+0020 SPACE|&nbsp;[[space character|SP]]&nbsp;}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK|[[Exclamation mark|!]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0022 QUOTATION MARK|[[Quotation mark|"]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0023 NUMBER SIGN|[[Number sign|#]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN|[[Dollar sign|$]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0025 PERCENT SIGN|[[Percent sign|%]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0026 AMPERSAND|[[Ampersand|&amp;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0027 APOSTROPHE|[[Apostrophe|']]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS|[[Parenthesis|(]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS|[[Parenthesis|)]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002A ASTERISK|[[Asterisk|*]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002B PLUS SIGN|[[Plus sign|+]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002C COMMA|[[Comma (punctuation)|,]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS|[[Hyphen-minus|-]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002E FULL STOP|[[Full stop|.]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+002F SOLIDUS|[[Slash (punctuation)|/]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|3x}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0030 DIGIT ZERO|[[0]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0031 DIGIT ONE|[[1]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0032 DIGIT TWO|[[2]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0033 DIGIT THREE|[[3]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0034 DIGIT FOUR|[[4]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0035 DIGIT FIVE|[[5]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0036 DIGIT SIX|[[6]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN|[[7]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT|[[8]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0039 DIGIT NINE|[[9]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003A COLON|[[colon (punctuation)|&#x3A;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003B SEMICOLON|[[semicolon|&#x3B;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN|[[less-than sign|&lt;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003D EQUALS SIGN|[[equals sign|{{=}}]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN|[[greater-than sign|&gt;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+003F QUESTION MARK|[[question mark|?]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|4x}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT|[[@]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|[[A]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|[[B]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|[[C]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|[[D]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|[[E]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|[[F]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|[[G]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|[[H]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|[[I]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|[[J]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|[[K]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|[[L]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|[[M]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|[[N]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|[[O]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|5x}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|[[P]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|[[Q]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|[[R]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|[[S]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|[[T]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|[[U]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|[[V]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|[[W]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|[[X]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|[[Y]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|[[Z]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET|[[Square brackets|&#91;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS|[[Backslash|\]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET|[[Square brackets|&#93;]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|[[Caret|^]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+005F LOW LINE|[[Underscore|_]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|6x}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT|[[Grave accent|`]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A|[[a]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B|[[b]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C|[[c]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D|[[d]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E|[[e]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F|[[f]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G|[[g]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H|[[h]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I|[[i]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J|[[j]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K|[[k]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L|[[l]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M|[[m]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N|[[n]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O|[[o]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|7x}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P|[[p]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|[[q]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R|[[r]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S|[[s]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T|[[t]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U|[[u]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V|[[v]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W|[[w]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X|[[x]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|[[y]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|[[z]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+007B LEFT CURLY BRACKET|[[Curly brackets|{]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+007C VERTICAL LINE|[[Vertical bar|{{pipe}}]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+007D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET|[[Curly brackets|}]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|U+007E TILDE|[[Tilde|~]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|||style=background:#DDD}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|8x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2500|U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|─}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2502|U+2502 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|│}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=250C|U+250C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|┌}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2510|U+2510 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|┐}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2514|U+2514 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|└}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2518|U+2518 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|┘}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=251C|U+251C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|├}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2524|U+2524 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|┤}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=252C|U+252C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|┬}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2534|U+2534 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|┴}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=253C|U+253C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|┼}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2580|U+2580 UPPER HALF BLOCK|▀}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2584|U+2584 LOWER HALF BLOCK|▄}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2588|U+2588 FULL BLOCK|█}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=258C|U+258C LEFT HALF BLOCK|▌}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2590|U+2590 RIGHT HALF BLOCK|▐}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|9x}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2591|U+2591 LIGHT SHADE|░}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2592|U+2592 MEDIUM SHADE|▒}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2593|U+2593 DARK SHADE|▓}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2320|U+2320 TOP HALF INTEGRAL|⌠}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=25A0|U+25A0 BLACK SQUARE|■}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2219|U+2219 BULLET OPERATOR|∙}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=221A|U+221A SQUARE ROOT|√}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2248|U+2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO|≈}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2264|U+2264 LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≤}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2265|U+2265 GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|≥}}
|{{chset-ctrl1|U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE|[[Non-breaking space|NBSP]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2321|U+2321 BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|⌡}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=00B0|U+00B0 DEGREE SIGN|[[Degree symbol|°]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=00B2|U+00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO|[[Square (algebra)|²]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=00B7|U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT|[[Interpunct|·]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=00F7|U+00F7 DIVISION SIGN|[[Obelus|÷]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Ax}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2550|U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|═}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2551|U+2551 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|║}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2552|U+2552 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╒}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0451|U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO|[[Yo (Cyrillic)|ё]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2553|U+2553 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╓}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2554|U+2554 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|╔}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2555|U+2555 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╕}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2556|U+2556 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╖}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2557|U+2557 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|╗}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2558|U+2558 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╘}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2559|U+2559 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╙}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255A|U+255A BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|╚}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255B|U+255B BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╛}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255C|U+255C BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╜}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255D|U+255D BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|╝}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255E|U+255E BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|╞}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Bx}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=255F|U+255F BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|╟}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2560|U+2560 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|╠}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2561|U+2561 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|╡}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0401|U+0401 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO|[[Yo (Cyrillic)|Ё]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2562|U+2562 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|╢}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2563|U+2563 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|╣}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2564|U+2564 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╤}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2565|U+2565 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╥}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2566|U+2566 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|╦}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2567|U+2567 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╧}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2568|U+2568 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╨}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=2569|U+2569 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|╩}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=256A|U+256A BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|╪}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=256B|U+256B BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|╫}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=256C|U+256C BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|╬}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=00A9|U+00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN|[[Copyright symbol|©]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Cx}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044E|U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU|[[Yu (Cyrillic)|ю]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0430|U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A|[[A (Cyrillic)|а]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0431|U+0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE|[[Be (Cyrillic)|б]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0446|U+0446 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE|[[Tse (Cyrillic)|ц]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0434|U+0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE|[[De (Cyrillic)|д]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0435|U+0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE|[[Ye (Cyrillic)|е]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0444|U+0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF|[[Ef (Cyrillic)|ф]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0433|U+0433 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE|[[Ge (Cyrillic)|г]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0445|U+0445 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA|[[Ha (Cyrillic)|х]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0438|U+0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I|[[I (Cyrillic)|и]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0439|U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I|[[Short I|й]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043A|U+043A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA|[[Ka (Cyrillic)|к]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043B|U+043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL|[[El (Cyrillic)|л]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043C|U+043C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM|[[Em (Cyrillic)|м]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043D|U+043D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN|[[En (Cyrillic)|н]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043E|U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O|[[O (Cyrillic)|о]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Dx}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=043F|U+043F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|п]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044F|U+044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA|[[Ya (letter)|я]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0440|U+0440 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER|[[Er (Cyrillic)|р]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0441|U+0441 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES|[[Es (Cyrillic)|с]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0442|U+0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE|[[Te (Cyrillic)|т]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0443|U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U|[[U (Cyrillic)|у]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0436|U+0436 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE|[[Zhe (Cyrillic)|ж]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0432|U+0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE|[[Ve (Cyrillic)|в]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044C|U+044C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|[[Soft sign|ь]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044B|U+044B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU|[[Yery|ы]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0437|U+0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE|[[Ze (Cyrillic)|з]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0448|U+0448 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA|[[Sha (Cyrillic)|ш]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044D|U+044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E|[[E (Cyrillic)|э]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0449|U+0449 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA|[[Shcha|щ]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0447|U+0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE|[[Che (Cyrillic)|ч]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=044A|U+044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|[[Hard sign|ъ]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Ex}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042E|U+042E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|[[Yu (Cyrillic)|Ю]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0410|U+0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A|[[A (Cyrillic)|А]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0411|U+0411 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE|[[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0426|U+0426 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE|[[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0414|U+0414 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE|[[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0415|U+0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE|[[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0424|U+0424 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF|[[Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0413|U+0413 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE|[[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0425|U+0425 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA|[[Ha (Cyrillic)|Х]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0418|U+0418 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I|[[I (Cyrillic)|И]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0419|U+0419 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|[[Short I|Й]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041A|U+041A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA|[[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041B|U+041B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL|[[El (Cyrillic)|Л]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041C|U+041C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM|[[Em (Cyrillic)|М]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041D|U+041D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN|[[En (Cyrillic)|Н]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041E|U+041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O|[[O (Cyrillic)|О]]}}
|-
|{{chset-left1|Fx}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=041F|U+041F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042F|U+042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA|[[Ya (Cyrillic)|Я]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0420|U+0420 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER|[[Er (Cyrillic)|Р]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0421|U+0421 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES|[[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0422|U+0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE|[[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0423|U+0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U|[[U (Cyrillic)|У]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0416|U+0416 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|[[Zhe (Cyrillic)|Ж]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0412|U+0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE|[[Ve (Cyrillic)|В]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042C|U+042C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN|[[Soft sign|Ь]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042B|U+042B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|[[Yery|Ы]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0417|U+0417 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE|[[Ze (Cyrillic)|З]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0428|U+0428 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|[[Sha (Cyrillic)|Ш]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042D|U+042D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E|[[E (Cyrillic)|Э]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0429|U+0429 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA|[[Shcha|Щ]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=0427|U+0427 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE|[[Che (Cyrillic)|Ч]]}}
|{{chset-cell1|u=042A|U+042A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN|[[Hard sign|Ъ]]}}
|}

==See also==
* [[KOI8-B]], a derivation of KOI8-R with only the letter subset implemented
* [[KOI8-U]], another derivative encoding which adds [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] characters
* [[KOI character encodings]]
* [[RELCOM]]
* [[Windows-1251]], another common Cyrillic character encoding

==References==
<references>

<ref name="IBMCP878">{{cite web |title=SBCS code page information - CPGID: 00878 / Name: Russian internet koi8-r |work=IBM Software: Globalization: Coded character sets and related resources: Code pages by CPGID: Code page identifiers. |publisher=[[IBM]] |id=C-H 3-3220-050 |url=https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00878.html |access-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218113007/https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00878.html |archive-date=2017-02-18}}</ref>
<ref name="IBM_878">{{cite web |title=CCSID information document; CCSID 878; KOI8-R CYRILLIC |publisher=[[IBM]] |url=https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid878.html |access-date=2017-02-18}}</ref>
<ref name="Unicode_2016_KOI8-R">{{cite web |author-first=Helmut |author-last=Richter |orig-year=1999-08-18 |date=2016-01-04 |version=2.0 |title=KOI8-R.TXT |url=http://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MISC/KOI8-R.TXT |access-date=2016-12-09 }}</ref>

</references>

==Further reading==
* <!-- <ref name="Flohr_2016_KOI8-R"> -->{{cite web |title=Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_R - Conversion routines for KOI8-R |author-first1=Guido |author-last1=Flohr |author-first2=Gabor |author-last2=Kiss |author-first3=Andrey A. |author-last3=Chernov |version=1.0 |work=[[CPAN]] libintl-perl |date=2016 |orig-year=2006<!-- 2002 --> |url=http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI8_R.pm |access-date=2017-01-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115040202/http://search.cpan.org/~guido/libintl-perl/lib/Locale/RecodeData/KOI8_R.pm |archive-date=2017-01-15}}<!-- </ref> -->
* {{cite web |title=koi8-r (Russian U*IX encoding, also used by RELCOM) |version=1.20 |author-first=Kosta |author-last=Kostis |url=http://www.kostis.net/charsets/koi8-r.htm |access-date=2017-01-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116141106/http://www.kostis.net/charsets/koi8-r.htm |archive-date=2017-01-16}}
* {{IETF RFC|1489|link=no}}
* {{cite web |title=KOI8-R (RFC 1489) |work=[[Kermit (protocol)|Kermit]] |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |url=http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/charsets/koi8r.txt |access-date=2020-06-24 }}
* {{cite web |title=CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3 |version=1.3 |date=1993-03-13 |author-first1=Andras |author-last1=Kornai |author-first2=David J. |author-last2=Birnbaum |author-first3=Frank |author-last3=da Cruz
|author-first4=Bur |author-last4=Davis
|author-first5=George |author-last5=Fowler
|author-first6=Richard B. |author-last6=Paine
|author-first7=Slava |author-last7=Paperno
|author-first8=Keld J. |author-last8=Simonsen
|author-first9=Glenn E. |author-last9=Thobe
|author-first10=Dimitri |author-last10=Vulis
|author-first11=Johan W. |author-last11=van Wingen |url=http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/charsets/cyrillic-summary.txt |access-date=2020-06-24 }}

==External links==
* [http://2cyr.com/decode/ Universal Cyrillic decoder], an online program that may help recovering [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] texts with broken KOI8-R or other [[character encoding]]s.
*{{cite web |title=The Home of the KOI8-R since 1995 |year=1995 |url=http://koi8.pp.ru/main.html |access-date=2016-12-05 }}
*{{cite web |title=The Cyrillic Charset Soup |url=http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html |access-date=2016-12-03 |author-first=Roman |author-last=Czyborra |orig-year=1998-05-25 |date=1998-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203230933/http://czyborra.com/charsets/cyrillic.html |archive-date=2016-12-03}}
*{{cite web |author-first=Yu. E. |author-last=Hohlov |title=Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables |url=http://www.iis.ru/cyrillic/resource/tables.en.html |access-date=2016-12-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205140054/http://www.iis.ru/cyrillic/resource/tables.en.html |archive-date=2016-12-05}}
*{{cite web |title=Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe |author-first=Valentin |author-last=Nechayev |date=2013 |orig-year=2001 |url=http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/ |access-date=2016-12-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205134629/http://segfault.kiev.ua/cyrillic-encodings/ |archive-date=2016-12-05}}

{{Cyrillic encodings}}
{{Character encoding}}

[[Category:Character sets]]
[[Category:Computing in the Soviet Union]]