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{{Short description|Town in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
| name                            = Kakanj
| official_name                   = 
| native_name                     = 
| image_shield                    = Coat of arms Kakanj.svg
| settlement_type                 = [[List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Town]] and [[Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina|municipality]]
| subdivision_type                = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = {{BIH}}
|subdivision_type1                = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]]
|subdivision_name1                = [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|subdivision_type2                = [[Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Canton]]
|subdivision_name2                = {{Flag|Zenica-Doboj}}
| utc_offset                      = +1
| map_caption                     = Location of Kakanj within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| timezone_DST                    = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = +2
| coordinates                     = {{coord|44|07|52|N|18|05|50|E|display=it|region:BA}}
| image_map                       = BiH municipality location Kakanj.svg
| leader_title                    = Municipal&nbsp;mayor
| leader_name                     = Mirnes Bajraktarević ([[Party of Democratic Action|SDA]])
| area_total_km2                  = 376.98
| population_total                = 37441
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_as_of                = 2013 census
| population_density_km2          = auto
| established_title               = Inhabitted
| established_date                = before 6795 BC
| area_code                       = +387 32
| postal_code_type                = Postal code
| postal_code                     = 72,240
| website                         = {{URL|www.kakanj.com.ba}}
| population_urban                = 11796
| total_type                      = Municipality
}}

'''Kakanj''' is a town and municipality located in [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]] of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], an entity of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].

As of 2013, the town has a population of 11,796 inhabitants, with 38,937 inhabitants in the municipality. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, north of [[Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Visoko]] and southeast of [[Zenica]]. It was built along the slopes of wide hills on either side of the [[Zgošća (river)|Zgošća river]].

==History==
[[Neolithic]] artifacts have been found in [[Obre]], a nearby village. Thus, whole culture that covered central Bosnian river basins was named [[Kakanj culture]]. It is Europe's oldest continuously inhabited settlement, carbon dated to 6795 BC.<ref name=NewCarbonDatingKakanj>Vander Linden, M., Pandžić, I., Orton, D. (2022) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200319213423/http://www.anubih.ba/godisnjak/god43/Godisnjak43-full.pdf New radiocarbon dates for the Neolithic period in Bosnia & Herzegovina]. [[Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka Ispitivanja (43) 7–34 (pdf)</ref>

Settlements in the region are very ancient and contain historical landmarks of the early Bosnian state. [[Kraljeva Sutjeska]], a [[Franciscan]] monastery, is of particular historical note. Near the monastery is [[Bobovac]], scene of the last stand of Bosnian Queen [[Katarina Kosača]] and medieval residence of Bosnian kings. In Kraljeva Sutjeska is one of the oldest [[mosque]]s in Bosnia, built by order of [[Sultan Mehmed II]] the Victorious during his expedition to Bosnia and conquest of Bobovac.  The Kakanj area enjoyed a renaissance during the rule of the [[Kotromanić dynasty]].

One of the most beautiful [[tomb]]s ever found in Bosnia, with a carving of a hunting [[Cavalry|cavalier]], was found in Kakanj; it is currently displayed in the botanic garden of The State Museum in [[Sarajevo]].

Kakanj was mentioned in 1468 as a settlement with 90 houses. Coal mine Kakanj was founded in 1900 under [[Austro-Hungarian]] rule around a developing [[coal mine]], which began production in 1902. In the next hundred years, Kakanj developed organically without any [[urban planning]], initially around the coal mine, and later along the banks of the Zgošća and Bosna rivers.

===Bosnian War (1992–95)===
The situation in Kakanj at the beginning of the [[Bosnian War]] was rather quiet, confronted with the frontlines in the area of [[Zavidovići]]. The town was in the middle of the [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian]] government-controlled territory, along the communication path with [[Zenica]]. Most of the [[Serb]] minority soon left the town, while [[Bosniak]] refugees from Serb-controlled towns arrived.

Between March and June 1994, Croats and Bosniaks signed the [[Washington Agreement]], forming the [[Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. The situation in Kakanj improved, but refugees did not came back. Health and sanitation conditions were poor; a [[hepatitis]] epidemic was recorded in 1994. Food Security was under control, thanks to humanitarian aid, even though the overall prices remained prohibitive and most of the families survived with company-organized distribution and kitchen gardens.
Almost all productive activities were stopped.

===Post-war===
[[File:ŽFBH 441-307.jpg|thumb|Cement factory]]
On 29 September 1999, the High Representative ([[OHR]]) [[Wolfgang Petrisch]] removed from office the mayor of Kakanj, [[Kemal Brodilija]], for obstructing the implementation of the [[Dayton Agreements]] and pursuing an extra-legal agenda.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohr.int/decisions/removalssdec/default.asp?content_id=273 |title=Decision removing Mr. Kemal Brodilija from his position of Mayor of Kakanj |access-date=2009-04-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606074551/http://www.ohr.int/decisions/removalssdec/default.asp?content_id=273 |archive-date=2011-06-06 }}</ref>
[[File:Kakanj.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.1|View of Kakanj]]

==Settlements==
The municipality consists of following settlements:
[[Alagići (Kakanj)|Alagići]]
• [[Bastašići]]
• [[Bašići (Kakanj)|Bašići]]
• [[Bičer]]
• [[Bijele Vode (Kakanj)|Bijele Vode]]
• [[Bijelo Polje (Kakanj)|Bijelo Polje]]
• [[Bilješevo]]
• [[Bistrik-Crkvenjak]]
• [[Bištrani]]
• [[Bjelavići]]
• [[Bosna (Kakanj)|Bosna]]
• [[Brežani (Kakanj)|Brežani]]
• [[Brnj]]
• [[Brnjic]]
• [[Bukovlje (Kakanj)|Bukovlje]]
• [[Crnač]]
• [[Čatići]]
• [[Danci, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Danci]]
• [[Desetnik]]
• [[Doboj (Kakanj)|Doboj]]
• [[Donja Papratnica]]
• [[Donji Banjevac]]
• [[Donji Kakanj]]
• [[Donji Lučani]]
• [[Dračići]]
• [[Drijen (Kakanj)|Drijen]]
• [[Dubovo Brdo]]
• [[Dumanac]]
• [[Gora (Kakanj)|Gora]]
• [[Gornja Papratnica]]
• [[Gornji Banjevac]]
• [[Gornji Lučani]]
• [[Govedovići (Kakanj)|Govedovići]]
• [[Gradac (Kakanj)|Gradac]]
• [[Groce (Kakanj)|Groce]]
• [[Halinovići]]
• [[Haljinići]]
• [[Hausovići]]
• [[Hodžići (Kakanj)|Hodžići]]
• [[Hrasno (Kakanj)|Hrasno]]
• [[Hrastovac, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Hrastovac]]
• [[Ivnica]]
• [[Javor (Kakanj)|Javor]]
• [[Jehovina]]
• [[Jerevice]]
• [[Jezero, Kakanj|Jezero]]
• '''Kakanj'''
• [[Karaula (Kakanj)|Karaula]]
• [[Karaulsko Polje]]
• [[Klanac, Kakanj|Klanac]]
• [[Kondžilo (Kakanj)|Kondžilo]]
• [[Koprivnica (Kakanj)|Koprivnica]]
• [[Kraljevska Sutjeska]]
• [[Krševac]]
• [[Kučići (Kakanj)|Kučići]]
• [[Kujavče]]
• [[Lipnica (Kakanj)|Lipnica]]
• [[Lučići]]
• [[Lukovo Brdo]]
• [[Marijina Voda]]
• [[Miljačići]]
• [[Mioči]]
• [[Modrinje]]
• [[Mramor (Kakanj)|Mramor]]
• [[Nažbilj]]
• [[Obre]]
• [[Papratno (Kakanj)|Papratno]]
• [[Pavlovići (Kakanj)|Pavlovići]]
• [[Pedići]]
• [[Podbjelavići]]
• [[Podborje]]
• [[Poljani (Kakanj)|Poljani]]
• [[Poljice, Kakanj|Poljice]]
• [[Pope (Kakanj)|Pope]]
• [[Popržena Gora]]
• [[Ratanj]]
• [[Ribnica (Kakanj)|Ribnica]]
• [[Ričica]]
• [[Rojin Potok]]
• [[Saranovići]]
• [[Sebinje]]
• [[Semetiš]]
• [[Seoce (Kakanj)|Seoce]]
• [[Slagoščići]]
• [[Slapnica]]
• [[Slivanj]]
• [[Slivnice]]
• [[Sopotnica (Kakanj)|Sopotnica]]
• [[Starposle]]
• [[Subotinje]]
• [[Termoelektrana]]
• [[Teševo]]
• [[Tičići]]
• [[Tršće, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Tršće]]
• [[Turalići (Kakanj)|Turalići]]
• [[Turbići]]
• [[Varalići]]
• [[Veliki Trnovci]]
• [[Viduša]]
• [[Vrtlište]]
• [[Vukanovići]]
• [[Zagrađe (Kakanj)|Zagrađe]]
• [[Zgošća]]
• [[Zlokuće (Kakanj)|Zlokuće]]
• [[Željeznička Stanica Kakanj]]
• [[Živalji]].

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|style=clear:none;
|caption=Town of Kakanj, 1991 census; total: 12,008
|label1=[[Muslims (South-Slavic ethnic group)|Muslims]]{{efn|Today predominantly identified as ethnic [[Bosniaks]]}} 4,977|value1=41.44|color1=#228B22
|label2=[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]] 2,387|value2=19.87|color2=#4169E1
|label3=[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]] 2,053||value3=17.09|color3=#FF0000
|label4=[[Yugoslavs]] 1,841|value4=15.33|color4=#C71585
|label5=others 750|value5=6.24|color5=#CC7722
}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|style=clear:none;
|caption=Town of Kakanj, 2013 census; total:11,796
|label1=[[Bosniaks]] 9,408|value1=79.8|color1=#228B22
|label2=[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]] 959|value2=8.1|color2=#4169E1
|label3=[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]] 205|value3=1.7|color3=#FF0000
|label4=others 1,224|value4=10.4|color4=#CC7722
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+ Population of Kakanj municipality
|-
! year of census
! 2013
! 1991. 
! 1981.
! 1971.

 |-
! Bosniaks 
|32,341 (86,4%)
|30,528 (54,56%) 
|27,393 (52,55%)
|25,142 (52,84%)
|-
! Croats
|2,973 (7,9%)
|16,556 (29,59%)
|16,016 (30,72%)
|15,479 (32,53%)
|-
! Serbs 
|281 (0,8%)
|4,929 (8,80%) 
|5,182 (9,94%)
|6,233 (13,10%)
|-
! Yugoslavs
|
|2,554 (4,56%)
|2,298 (4,40%)
|301 (0,63%)
|-
! others and unknown
|1,846 (4,9%)
|1,383 (2,47%)
|1,238 (2,37%)
|425 (0,89%)
|-
|'''total'''
|'''37,441'''
|'''55,950'''
|'''52,127'''
|'''47,580'''
|}

In the census of 1991, the town of Kakanj itself had 12,008 inhabitants.

===Ethnic structure by settlements, 1991 census===
'''Absolute ethnic majority:'''
{{legend|#228B22|[[Bosniaks]]}}
{{legend|#4169E1|[[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Croats]]}}
{{legend|#FF0000|[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]]}}

'''Relative ethnic majority:'''
{{legend|#98FF98|[[Bosniaks]]}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!  Village
!  total
!  Bosniaks
!  Croats
!  Serbs
!  Yugoslavs
!  others
 |-
| rowspan="1" | Alagići 
|94 
|  61
|23
|9
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bastašići
|74 
|  67
|7
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bašići
|200
|  200
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bičer
|379
|  315
|0
|54
|7
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bijele Vode
|288
|  216
|0
|67
|3
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bijelo Polje
|477
|55
|  392
|0
|19
|11
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bilješevo
|239
|1
|1
|  233
|0
|4
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bistrik - Crkvenjak 
|404
|59
|  340
|0
|4
|1
|-	
| rowspan="1" | Bištrani
|574
|  339
|229
|1
|3
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bjelavići 
|724
|0
|  688
|1
|5
|30
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bosna
|63
|0
|0
|  63
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Brežani
|692
|  603
|78
|1
|6
|4
|-
| rowspan="1" | Brnj
|710
|  490
|209
|0
|8
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Brnjic
|820
|  820
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Bukovlje
|1,608
|640
|  917
|0
|35
|16
|-
| rowspan="1" | Crnač 
|599
|  332
|266
|1
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Čatići
|1,448
|534
|  815
|12
|42
|45
|-
| rowspan="1" | Danci
|62
|0
|0
|  56
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Desetnik
|522
|  355
|0
|166
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Doboj
|2,516
|  1,973
|154
|171
|131
|87
|-
| rowspan="1" | Donja Papratnica
|565	
|  542
|0
|21
|0
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Donji Banjevac
|145
|0
|  133
|8
|1
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Donji Kakanj
|60
|  57
|0
|0
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Donji Lučani
|114
|0
|0
|  114
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Dračići
|33
|0	
|0
|  33	
|0	
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Drijen
|106	
|  105	
|0
|0	
|0	
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Dubovo Brdo
|268	
|  268
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Dumanac
|607	
|  522
|0	
|67
|10
|8
|-
| rowspan="1" | Gora
|501	
|  284
|196
|0
|16
|5
|-
| rowspan="1" | Gornja Papratnica
|142
|  90	
|0
|25
|1
|26
|-
| rowspan="1" | Gornji Banjevac
|408
|132	
|  274
|0
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Gornji Lučani
|400
|  315
|1
|81
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Govedovići
|217
|3	
|  212
|2
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Gradac
|21
|  21	
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Groce
|272
|  267	
|0
|5
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Halinovići
|154
|  154	
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Haljinići
|815
|15	
|  754
|3
|21
|22
|-
| rowspan="1" | Hausovići 
|131
|  120
|1
|10
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Hodžići
|491
|  491	
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Hrasno
|473
|  468	
|0
|0
|2
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Hrastovac
|299
|  299	
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Ivnica
|257
|  246	
|0
|10
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Javor
|149
|  131	
|0
|18
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Jehovina
|171
|4	
|0
|  164
|1
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Jerevice
|272
|  265	
|0
|1
|6
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Jezero
|159
|  144
|1
|11
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Kakanj
|12,008
|  4,977	
|2,387
|2,053
|1,841
|750
|-
| rowspan="1" | Karaula
|173
|  136
|1
|35
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Karaulsko Polje
|292
|  179	
|7
|91
|9
|6
|-
| rowspan="1" | Klanac
|134
|0	
|  134
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Kondžilo
|42
|0	
|0
|  39
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Koprivnica
|267
|  266
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Kraljevska Sutjeska
|852
|45	
|  752
|2
|29
|24
|-
| rowspan="1" | Krševac
|462
|  456
|0
|1
|1
|4
|-
| rowspan="1" | Kučići
|472
|  470
|2
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Kujavče
|268
|  267	
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Lipnica
|274
|  173
|98
|0
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Lučići 
|228
|104	
|  122
|0
|0
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Lukovo Brdo
|244
|32	
|  212
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Marijina Voda 
|725
|188
|  487
|2
|8
|40
|-
| rowspan="1" | Miljačići 
|318
|44	
|  262
|1
|2
|9
|-
| rowspan="1" | Mioči
|182
|57
|0
|  122
|1
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Modrinje
|635
|  506	
|0
|122
|6
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Mramor
|232
|  231	
|0
|0
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Nažbilj
|299	
|  284
|12	
|0
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Obre
|507
|  464
|7
|1
|5
|30
|-
| rowspan="1" | Papratno
|114
|8	
|  105
|0
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Pavlovići
|334
|1	
|  327
|1
|0
|5
|-
| rowspan="1" | Pedići 
|465
|  463
|0
|0
|0
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Podbjelavići
|730
|190	
|  455
|9
|50
|26
|-
| rowspan="1" | Podborje
|202
|  192
|1
|1
|2
|6
|-
| rowspan="1" | Poljani
|1,325
|91	
|  1,216
|2
|2
|14
|-
| rowspan="1" | Poljice
|139
|0	
|  135
|4
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Pope
|715
|  604	
|88
|1
|17
|5
|-
| rowspan="1" | Popržena Gora
|343
|  261
|0
|80
|0
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Ratanj
|350
|0	
|  324
|0
|16
|10
|-
| rowspan="1" | Ribnica
|119
|  116
|0
|0
|0
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Ričica
|820
|  471	
|345
|0
|2
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Rojin Potok
|204
|  163	
|29
|1
|3
|8
|-
| rowspan="1" | Saranovići
|29
|0	
|0
|  29
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Sebinje
|133
|  133	
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Semetiš
|165
|  164
|0
|0
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Seoce
|878
|93	
|  753
|1
|20
|11
|-
| rowspan="1" | Slagoščići
|57
|0	
|  57
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Slapnica
|836
|257	
|  557
|2
|12
|8
|-
| rowspan="1" | Slivanj
|211
|  210	
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Slivnice
|453
|  316	
|26
|62
|40
|9
|-
| rowspan="1" | Sopotnica
|720
|  673
|0
|47
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Starposle
|393
|  393
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Subotinje 
|148
|  79	
|0
|67
|1
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Termoelektrana
|202
|  111	
|17
|35
|38
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Teševo
|351
|0
|  351
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Tičići
|940
|  578	
|1
|342
|11
|8
|-
| rowspan="1" | Tršće
|799
|  698
|68
|32
|0
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | Turalići
|339
|  336
|0
|0
|0
|3
|-
| rowspan="1" | Turbići 
|226
|0	
|  217
|0
|5
|4
|-
| rowspan="1" | Varalići
|612
|  609	
|0
|0
|1
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Veliki Trnovci
|577
|255	
|  311
|0
|9
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Viduša
|90
|31	
|0
|  59
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Vrtlište
|399
|  396	
|0
|0
|1
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Vukanovići
|642
|0	
|  637
|0
|1
|4
|-
| rowspan="1" | Zagrađe
|375
|  372
|0
|0
|3
|0
|-
| rowspan="1" | Zgošća
|960
|  666	
|209
|60
|23
|2
|-
| rowspan="1" | Zlokuće
|263
|  255
|0
|0
|0
|8
|-
| rowspan="1" | Željeznička Stanica Kakanj
|628
| 270	
|23
|217
|38
|80
|-
| rowspan="1" | Živalji
|327
|  191	
|130
|0
|5
|1
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''total'''
|55,950
|  30,528
|16,556
|4,929
|2,554
|1,383
|}

==Sport==
*[[Association football|Football]] club [[FK Rudar Kakanj]]
*[[Volleyball]] club [[OK Kakanj]]
*[[Basketball]] club [[KK Kakanj]]

==Notable people==
*[https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aida_Red%C5%BEepagi%C4%87&direction=next&oldid=3322852 Aida Redžepagić], photographer
*[[Amar Jašarspahić]], Bosnian singer
*[[Amel Tuka]], middle-distance runner and World Championships silver medalist
*[[Denial Ahmetović]], singer
*[[Kornelija Kvesić]], basketball player
*[[Dzenan Cisija|Dženan Čišija]], Swedish politician
*[[Mladen Bartulović]], footballer
*[[Sasa Palamarevic]], water polo player

==See also==
*[[1934 Kakanj mine disaster]]
*[[1965 Kakanj mine disaster]]

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{commons category|Kakanj Municipality}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.kakanj.com.ba/ kakanj.com.ba] {{in lang|bs}}

{{Zenica-Doboj Canton}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kakanj| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kakanj]]