View source for Kalama

{{Short description|Queen consort of Hawaiʻi (1817–1870)}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
| name                 =Kalama
| image                =Kalama (PPWD-15-7-003, original) (cropped).png
| succession           =[[Kingdom of Hawaii|Queen consort of the Hawaiian Islands]]
| reign                = February 14, 1837 – December 15, 1854
| coronation           =
| spouse               =[[Kamehameha III]]
| issue                =[[Keaweaweulaokalani I|Keaweaweʻulaokalani I]] <br />[[Keaweaweulaokalani II|Keaweaweʻulaokalani II]]
| full name            =Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili
| house                =[[House of Kamehameha]]
| father               =[[Naihekukui|High Chief Naihekukui]]
| mother               = High Chiefess Iʻahuʻula
| birth_date        ={{Birth date|1817|3|17}}
| birth_place       =[[Ka'elepulu]] near [[Kailua, Hawaii County, Hawaii|Kailua]], [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Hawaii]],
| death_date        ={{Death date and age|1870|9|20|1817|3|17}}
| death_place       =[[Honolulu]], [[Oahu]], [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Hawaii]]
| burial_date       =October 8, 1870
| burial_place       =[[Mauna Ala]]
}}

'''Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili''' (1817 – September 20, 1870) was a Queen consort of the [[Hawaiian Kingdom|Kingdom of Hawaiʻi]] alongside her husband, [[Kamehameha III|Kauikeaouli]], who reigned as King Kamehameha III. She chose the baptismal name Hakaleleponi after the Biblical figure [[Hazzelelponi]].{{sfn|Gilman|1894|page=87}}<ref name="kanakagenealogy">{{cite web |title= KALAMA, H. ALii Award L.C.A. 4452 |work= Kanaka Genealogy web site |url= http://kanakagenealogy.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/kalama-h-alii-award-l-c-a-4452.pdf |access-date= March 27, 2012}}</ref> Her name Kalama means "the torch" in the [[Hawaiian language]].

== Early life ==
She was the only child of Kona chief [[Naihekukui]], who was commander of the native Hawaiian fleet at Honolulu. Her mother was Chiefess Iʻahuʻula, the younger sister of [[Charles Kanaʻina]].{{sfn|Gregg|1982|page=520}} Kanaʻina would become ''[[hānai]]''  (Hawaiian form of adoption) parent of the child.

== Marriage ==
The young [[Kamehameha III]], the boy king at the time, was needing a suitable royal bride. Many of the traditional chiefs wanted a union between the king and his sister [[Nāhiʻenaʻena]], as had been customary in the Hawaiian court since its beginning; however, the Christian missionaries and chiefs, who held significant political power, opposed this suggestion, calling it [[incest]].

Kamanele, the daughter of Governor [[Kuakini|John Adams Kuakini]], was proposed as the most suitable in age, rank, and education. However, she also died young. The young king fell in love with Kalama in 1832. This angered his sister [[Kīnaʻu]] and many of the high chiefs. Kamehameha III married her on February 14, 1837. This was only a few months after Nāhiʻenaʻena's death.<ref name="Bingham">{{cite book |author=Hiram Bingham I |author-link=Hiram Bingham I |title=A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands |publisher=H.D. Goodwin |orig-year=1848 |year=1855 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T1VFAAAAYAAJ |edition=Third |chapter= Chapter XVII }}</ref><ref name="Shoal">{{cite book |title= Shoal of time: a History of the Hawaiian Islands |author= Gavan Daws |author-link= Gavan Daws |pages= 91–94 |publisher= University of Hawaii Press |year= 1968 |isbn=0-8248-0324-8 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=w19C8zZC21EC }}</ref>

== Children ==
[[File:Albert Kunuiakea with Kamehameha III and Queen Kalama, about 1853. Published in The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, March 15, 1903.jpg|thumb|200px|Kamehameha III and Queen Kalama with [[Albert Kūnuiākea]].]]
Kalama and Kamehameha III had two children who died in their infancy. Both were named [[Keaweaweulaokalani]], after their father.

She and Kamehameha III would later ''hānai'' (adopt) their nephew Alexander Liholiho, who later became [[Kamehameha IV]]. She also adopted [[Kaʻiminaʻauao]], the daughter of [[Keohokālole|Analea Keohokālole]] and [[Kapaʻakea|Caesar Kapaʻakea]] as her own. She even adopted her husband's son [[Albert Kūnuiākea|Albert Kukaʻilimoku Kunuiakea]] by [[Jane Lahilahi]] Young.

== Later life ==
[[File:Kalama, photograph by Henry L. Chase, State Library of New South Wales (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Queen Dowager Kalama in 1862]]
She would outlive both her husband Kamehameha III and her nephew Kamehameha IV, becoming known as the [[Queen dowager]] of Hawaii. She met [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]] on his visit to Hawaii in the reign of [[Kamehameha V]]. She drove out to [[Waikiki|Waikīkī]] in her own carriage of state, accompanied by her adopted son, Kunuiakea, and [[Likelike|Miriam Likelike]]. The drivers of these carriages wore the royal feather shoulder capes, and the footmen were clad in like royal fashion. It was considered one of the grandest occasions in the history of those days.<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen]] written by [[Liliuokalani]]</ref>
Kalama skillfully managed her properties and at the time of her death, she owned over 22,000 acres on the windward side of the island of Oahu.<ref>[http://www.keauhouresort.com/pdfs/Keauhou-News-6-11.pdf Keauhouresort] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129053716/http://www.keauhouresort.com/pdfs/Keauhou-News-6-11.pdf |date=2011-11-29 }}</ref><ref name="Peterson">{{cite book |title= Notable Women of Hawaii |year=1984 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |author= Barbara Bennett Peterson |isbn =0-8248-0820-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFevAAAAIAAJ }}</ref>{{rp|185}}
She died [[intestate]], and thus, her uncle Charles Kanaina was declared as the heir to her vast lands and properties.<ref name="kanakagenealogy" />

She died on September 20, 1870, in [[Honolulu]] at the age of 53. On September 21, American marines had to be landed to place the American flag at half-mast, when the American consul at Honolulu would not assume responsibility for doing so, owing to a past instance where the Queen's death was falsely reported.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

== Namesakes ==
*Hakaleleponi Gate, an entrance for servants and attendants in [[ʻIolani Palace]], is named after her.<ref>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Albert Pierce|author-link=Albert Pierce Taylor|title=The Rulers of Hawaii, The Chiefs and Chiefesses, Their Palaces, Monuments, Portraits and Tombs|url=https://archive.org/details/afj6782.0001.001.umich.edu|year=1927|publisher=Advertiser Publishing Company|location=Honolulu|oclc=9380797|page=[https://archive.org/details/afj6782.0001.001.umich.edu/page/40 40]}}</ref>
*In 1925, [[Harold Kainalu Long Castle|Harold K.L. Castle]] developed Kailua's first housing tract and named it Kalama after the Queen, who previously had owned the land in the Kailua area.<ref name="Clark">{{closed access}} {{cite book |last=Clark |first=John R. K. |year=2002 |title=Hawaiʻi Place Names|location=Honolulu, HI, USA |publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press|University of Hawaiʻi Press]] |isbn=978-0-8248-2451-8 |page=150 |oclc=53481915 }} {{subscription required}}</ref>
*[[Boettcher Estate|Kalama Beach Park]], the former '''Boettcher Estate''', became a [[Urban park|municipal park]] in 1978 and was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2002.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==
*{{cite news|last=Gilman|first=Gorham D.|editor-last=Thrum|editor-first=Thomas G.|title=Old Time Hawaiian Coasting Service – A Reminiscent Sketch by Hon. G. D. Gilman|url=|work=Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1894|year=1894|publisher=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|location=Honolulu|hdl=10524/668|pages=84–90}}
*{{cite book|last=Gregg|first=David L.|editor-last=King|editor-first=Pauline|title=The Diaries of David Lawrence Gregg: An American Diplomat in Hawaii, 1853–1858|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bT0cAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society|location=Honolulu|isbn=9780824808617|oclc=8773139}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Queen Kalama}}
*[http://starbulletin.com/2001/10/08/features/story1.html Fashion of the Hawaiian Queens]

{{s-start}}
{{s-roy}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Hawaiian consorts|Queen consort of Hawaiʻi]]|before=[[Kamāmalu]]||after=[[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]]|years=1837 – 1854}}
{{succession box|title=[[Kingdom of Hawaii|Queen dowager of Hawaiʻi]]|before=[[Kaʻahumanu]]||after=[[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]]|years=1854 – 1870}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hawaii royal consorts|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1817 births]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:Hawaiian royal consorts]]
[[Category:House of Kamehameha]]
[[Category:Burials at the Royal Mausoleum (Mauna ʻAla)]]
[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles]]
[[Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council]]
[[Category:Hawaiian adoptees (hānai)]]
[[Category:Native Hawaiian women in politics]]