View source for Karl Schnörrer

{{short description|German fighter ace and Knight's Cross recipient}}
{{For|Yiddish term meaning "beggar" or "sponger"|Schnorrer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Karl Schnörrer
|birth_date={{birth date|1919|3|22|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1979|9|25|1919|3|22|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Nuremberg]]
|death_place=[[Nuremberg]]
|image=Karl Schnörrer.jpg
|caption=Karl Schnörrer
|nickname=''Quax''
|allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|branch=[[Luftwaffe]]
|serviceyears=
|rank=''[[Leutnant]]'' (second lieutenant)
|commands=9./[[JG 7]]
|unit=[[JG 54]], [[Kommando Nowotny]], [[JG 7]]
|battles={{hidden
|''See battles''
|[[World War II]]
*[[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]
*[[Defense of the Reich]]
|-
|headerstyle=background:#dbdbdb
|style=text-align:center;
}}
|awards=[[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]
|laterwork=}}

'''Karl "Quax" Schnörrer''' (22 March 1919 – 25 September 1979) was a German [[military aviation|military aviator]] who served in the [[Luftwaffe]] during [[World War II]]. As a [[fighter ace]], he claimed 46 enemy aircraft shot down in 536 combat missions, eleven of which while flying the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] jet fighter in [[Defense of the Reich]].

Born in [[Nuremberg]], Schnörrer served in the Luftwaffe of [[Nazi Germany]]. Following flight training, he was posted to [[Jagdgeschwader 54|''Jagdgeschwader'' 54]] (JG&nbsp;54—54th Fighter Wing) in 1941, operating on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. He claimed his first aerial victory on 13 December 1941. In October 1942, Schnörrer became the [[wingman]] of his friend [[Walter Nowotny]]. In November 1943, he was severely wounded after he was shot down. After his convalescence, he was posted to [[Erprobungskommando|''Erprobungskommando'' 262]], an experimental unit testing the Me&nbsp;262 jet fighter. He then served with ''[[Kommando Nowotny]]'', an operational test unit led by Nowotny, experimenting with the Me&nbsp;262 under combat conditions. Following the death of his friend Nowotny on 8 November 1944, Schnörrer was posted to [[Jagdgeschwader 7|''Jagdgeschwader'' 7]] "Nowotny" (JG&nbsp;7—7th Fighter Wing), the first jet fighter wing. Flying with this unit, he was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] on 22 March 1945. On 30 March, Schnörrer was forced to bail out from his damaged aircraft, sustaining severe injuries to his leg which then had to be amputated. Schnörrer died on 25 September 1979 in Nuremberg.

==Early life and career==
Schnörrer was born on 22 March 1919 in [[Nuremberg]], at the time in [[Free State of Bavaria]].{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=199}} Prior to joining the military service, Schnörrer worked as a photo reporter.{{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}} Starting in May 1940, Schnörrer was trained as a fighter pilot at the [[Jagdfliegerschule|''Jagdfliegerschule 5'']] in [[Vienna|Wien-Schwechat]] where he befriended [[Walter Nowotny]].{{sfn|Held|1998|p=21}}{{refn|Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.{{sfn|Bergström|Antipov|Sundin|2003|p=17}}|group="Note"}} He "earned" his nickname "Quax" by crashing the difficult-to-control [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] fighter plane three times during his flight-training.{{sfn|Musciano|1989|p=119}} The name of a popular accident-prone cartoon character of the time, it was taken from the movie ''[[Quax the Crash Pilot]]'' released in 1941 with the famous German actor [[Heinz Rühmann]] as "Quax".{{sfn|Ziegler|2014|p=122}}

==World War II==
World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces [[Invasion of Poland|invaded Poland]]. Schnörrer arrived on the Eastern Front as an ''[[Unteroffizier]]'', soon after German forces had launched [[Operation Barbarossa]], the invasion of the Soviet Union. There, he was assigned initially to the ''Ergänzungsgruppe'' of [[Jagdgeschwader 54|''Jagdgeschwader'' 54]] (JG&nbsp;54—54th Fighter Wing). The ''Ergänzungsgruppe'' was a supplementary training group attached to JG&nbsp;54 under the command of ''Hauptmann'' Leo Eggers. There, he was again reunited with Nowotny. In July, he was posted to 1. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Staffel|Staffel]]'' (1st squadron) of JG&nbsp;54. He claimed his first victory on 13 December 1941, which was not confirmed.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1161}} On this mission, Schnörrer, against orders, had broken formation to attack the enemy aircraft. The [[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Schwarm, Rotte and Kette|''Schwarm'']], flight of four aircraft, had been led by [[Horst Ademeit]] who later criticized Schnörrer for his behavior.{{sfn|Held|1998|p=38}}

===Eastern Front===
Schnörrer claimed his first confirmed aerial victory on 12 May 1942 over a [[Yakovlev Yak-1]]. On 13 August, he shot down a [[Petlyakov Pe-2]] bomber, his only other claim in 1942.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=85}} At the time, 1. ''Staffel'' was commanded by ''Oberleutnant'' [[Heinz Lange]] and subordinated to I. ''[[Organization of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)#Gruppe|Gruppe]]'' (1st group) headed by ''Hauptmann'' [[Hans Philipp]]. On 25 October, Nowotny was transferred from 3. ''Staffel'' to take command of 1. ''Staffel'' from Lange.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=81}} Nowotny then chose his friend Schnörrer to be his [[wingman]]. In mid-December, I. ''Gruppe'' began converting to the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]&nbsp;A-4 fighter aircraft.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=75}} On 16 January 1943, 1. ''Staffel'' was ordered to [[Mamonovo|Heiligenbeil]], present-day Mamonovo, where most of the pilots received the Fw&nbsp;190 aircraft.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=77}}

[[File:Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-4 JG 54 Nowotny, modello (Museo del modellismo storico Voghenza).JPG|thumb|left|Scale model of Focke-Wulf Fw&nbsp;190&nbsp;A-4 JG&nbsp;54.]]
As of 1&nbsp;February, Nowotny, Schnörrer, [[Anton Döbele]] and [[Rudolf Rademacher]], formed a team known as the "chain of devils" ({{lang|de|Teufelskette}}) or the ''Nowotny Schwarm'', which during the course of the war was credited with 524&nbsp;combined aerial victories, making them the most successful team in the Luftwaffe.{{sfn|Held|1998|p=69}}{{sfn|Spick|1996|p=197}} In February, I. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;54 was fighting in the [[Siege of Leningrad]]. The combat area was predominantly in the east and southeast of Leningrad where Soviet forces had created a corridor to the city in [[Operation Iskra]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=85}} On 23 February, Soviet forces launched an attack south of Leningrad as part of [[Operation Polyarnaya Zvezda]]. The attack was repelled by forces under the command of ''Generalleutnant'' [[Carl Hilpert]]. That day, all available aircraft of I. ''Gruppe'' flew missions in defense of this attack, predominantly attacking Soviet ground attack aircraft. By nightfall, the ''Gruppe'' reported 32 Soviet aircraft destroyed, including an [[Ilyushin Il-2]] [[ground attack]] aircraft claimed by Schnörrer in the vicinity of [[Mga]], southeast of Leningrad.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=93, 170}} On 15 March, Soviet forces attacked the German positions of the [[X Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|X. ''Armeekorps'']] (10th Army Corps) south of [[Lake Ilmen]], breaching the German lines south of [[Staraya Russa]]. Operating from an airfield at Gorodets, I. ''Gruppe'' claimed 21 aerial victories that day, including Schnörrer's fifth aerial victory. This victory was claimed over an Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down southeast Staraya Russa.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=101–102, 171}}

On 1 April, the ''[[Gruppenkommandeur]]'' (group commander), Philipp was transferred and temporarily replaced by ''Hauptmann'' [[Gerhard Koall]] until ''Major'' [[Reinhard Seiler]] took command on 1 May.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=165}} On 5 June, I. ''Gruppe'' flew [[combat air patrol]]s in the area of [[Volkhov]] as well as escorting bombers from [[Kampfgeschwader 53|''Kampfgeschwader'' 53]] (KG&nbsp;53—53rd Bomber Wing) attacking the [[Lock (water navigation)|locks]] in the harbor of [[Novaya Ladoga]]. There, the ''Gruppe'' fought against many Soviet fighter aircraft during the course of which Schnörrer claimed a [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3]] fighter shot down.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=123–124, 174}} Three days later, I. ''Gruppe'' escorted bombers to the railroad bridges near Volkhovstroy. On this mission, Schnörrer claimed the destruction of a [[Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3]] fighter aircraft.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=124, 174}} On 15 June, the ''Nowotny Schwarm'' was sent on a mission to the coastal area near [[Kronstadt]]. On this mission, Schnörrer claimed another LaGG-3 fighter shot down, his eighth aerial victory in total, while Nowotny claimed his 99th to 101st aerial victory.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=124–125, 175}}{{Refn|According to Held, Nowotny claimed his 100th aerial victory on 5 June 1943 on a mission to [[Novaya Ladoga]].{{sfn|Held|1998|p=83}}|group="Note"}}

===Operation Citadel===
In early July, I. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;54 was ordered to move to [[Oryol]], in the southern sector of [[Army Group Centre]], where it fought in [[Operation Citadel]] which initiated the [[Battle of Kursk]]. Subordinated to [[Luftflotte 6|''Luftflotte'' 6]] (Air Fleet 6), the ''Gruppe'' began relocating on 2 July and arrived at the airfield name Panikowo, a makeshift airfield created for the attack on the Kursk salient, on 4 July.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=127, 129}} The next day, the [[Wehrmacht]] launched Operation Citadel and I. ''Gruppe'' supported the attack of the [[9th Army (Wehrmacht)|9th Army]] on the northern sector of the salient, escorting bombers of [[Kampfgeschwader 4|''Kampfgeschwader'' 4]], [[Kampfgeschwader 51|51]] and KG&nbsp;53 (KG&nbsp;4, KG&nbsp;51—4th, 51st Bomber Wing), as well as [[Junkers Ju 87]] [[dive bombers]] of [[Sturzkampfgeschwader 1|''Sturzkampfgeschwader'' 1]] (StG&nbsp;1—1st Dive Bomber Wing) to their target areas. That day, I. ''Gruppe'' claimed 59 aerial victories, including a LaGG-3 fighter by Schnörrer in the vicinity of [[Maloarkhangelsk, Oryol Oblast|Maloarkhangelsk]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=129–130, 176}} The next day, I. ''Gruppe'' targeted the airspace near [[Ponyri, Ponyrovsky District, Kursk Oblast|Ponyri]] and during multiple combat missions claimed 29 aerial victories which included a LaGG-3 shot down by Schnörrer at 14:33.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=130, 176}}

On 7 July, the ''Gruppe'' again operated over Ponyri where they claimed 35 aerial victories for no loss of their own, including a [[Douglas A-20 Havoc]] bomber, also known as "Boston", and a [[Lend-Lease]] [[Curtiss P-40 Warhawk]] fighter claimed by Schnörrer.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=131, 177}} By 14 July, Operation Citadel had failed after Soviet forces had launched [[Operation Kutuzov]] in the northern sector. Although in the southern sector, the offensive continued until 17 July in [[Operation Roland]]. That day, Schnörrer claimed an Il-2 ground attack aircraft and a LaGG-3 fighter destroyed.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=135, 179}} One of his opponents may have been a pilot from the [[Free France|Free French]] [[Escadron de Chasse 2/30 Normandie-Niemen|''Régiment de Chasse Normandie-Niémen'']] (Fighter Squadron 2/30 Normandie-Niemen). That day, ''Mayor'' Jean Tulasne led his unit on an Il-2 ground attack aircraft escort mission to Znamenskaya, {{Convert|19|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} northwest of Oryol, losing three aircraft to I. and IV. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;54.{{sfn|Bergström|2007|pp=107–108}} With German forces in retreat, Oryol was cleared on 5 August. Over the following days, I. ''Gruppe'' operated from an airfield at [[Karachev]], located approximately halfway between Oryol and [[Bryansk]], predominately flying over the combat area of Oryol. On 7 August, Schnörrer shot down two Il-2 ground attack aircraft in this area.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=142, 180}}

===Battle at Kharkiv and Smolensk===
On 9 August, I. ''Gruppe'' was ordered {{Convert|400|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} south to [[Poltava Air Base|Poltava Airfield]] where they were placed under the control of [[Luftflotte 4|''Luftflotte'' 4]] (Air Fleet 4). The reason for this was a response to the successful Soviet [[Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation|Belgorod–Kharkiv offensive operation]] following the Battle of Kursk.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=142–143}} On 11 August, Nowotny was temporarily appointed commander of I. ''Gruppe'', a position he held until 15 September when he was officially assigned as ''Gruppenkommandeur''.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=165}} The next day, the ''Gruppe'' flew multiple combat air patrols and fighter escort for Ju&nbsp;87 dive bombers in the area west of [[Kharkiv]]. On one of these missions, Schnörrer shot down a La-5 fighter.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=143, 180}} Over the following days, the ''Gruppe'' continued to escort for dive bombers to [[Grayvoron]] and [[Okhtyrka]]. On 16 August, Schnörrer shot down another La-5 fighter. Two days later, the ''Gruppe'' returned to Kharkiv and Okhtyrka where Schnörrer claimed a MiG-3 fighter shot down in the afternoon, his 20th claim. On 20 August, I. ''Gruppe'' again escorted Ju&nbsp;87 dive bombers and [[Heinkel He 111]] bombers to Okhtyrka. Without loss, I. ''Gruppe'' claimed 15 aerial victories, including a Pe-2 bomber and an Il-2 ground attack aircraft by Schnörrer.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=144, 181}} The next day, Schnörrer claimed another Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down on a mission to Kharkiv.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=145, 181}}

On 27 August, I. ''Gruppe'' was withdrawn from the combat area of Kharkiv and ordered to the airfield Iwanowka which was located at Ordschonikidsegrad, present-day part of Bryansk, which again placed them under the control of ''Luftflotte'' 6. The reason for this relocation was Soviet success in the [[Battle of Smolensk (1943)|Battle of Smolensk]] and the pressure exerted on the 9th Army.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=146}} Nowotny claimed his 200th aerial victory on 8 September.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=148}} On 17 September, the ''Gruppe'' moved to [[Vitebsk]]. Schnörrer claimed his next aerial victory on 28 September, a LaGG-3 fighter. That day, I. ''Gruppe'' operated over [[Velizh]], located approximately {{Convert|75|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} northeast of Vitebsk.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=151, 185}} On 7 October, I. ''Gruppe'' again flew missions to combat area of Velizh where Schnörrer claimed a [[Bell P-39 Airacobra]] and P-40 fighter aircraft. Two days later, in combat near [[Nevel (town)|Nevel]], he was credited with shooting down another P-39 fighter and an Il-2 ground attack aircraft.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=152, 185}}

On 14 October, to the southwest of Smolensk near Markovo, Nowotny became the first pilot to claim 250 aerial victories. That day, Schnörrer claimed his 33rd aerial victory, a P-40 shot down near [[Lyady, Vitebsk Region|Lyady]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=153–154, 186}} Schnörrer was awarded the [[German Cross]] in Gold ({{Lang|de|Deutsches Kreuz in Gold}}) on 21 October.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1161}} On 11 November, the ''Nowotny Schwarm'' lost Döbele, who was killed in a [[mid-air collision]] with an Il-2 ground attack aircraft east of Vitebsk.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|pp=160, 193}} The next day, Nowotny claimed his last aerial victory on the Eastern Front. A few minutes later Schnörrer shot down a [[Yakovlev Yak-9]] attacking Nowotny for his own 35th victory claim.{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=188}} Schnörrer was then shot down in his Fw&nbsp;190&nbsp;A-5 (''Werknummer'' 410021—factory number) south of Nevel by German [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft artillery]].{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=193}} Bailing out at approximately {{convert|70|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, his parachute failed to deploy in time, and he crashed to the ground, breaking both legs and suffering a severe concussion.{{sfn|Weal|2001|p=106}} Schnörrer was then rescued by the German infantry and flown in a [[Junkers Ju 52]] to a Luftwaffe hospital in Dölau, today part of [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]].{{sfn|Held|1998|p=121}}

===Flying the Messerschmitt Me 262===
Seven months later in June 1944, having recovered from his injuries, and commissioned as an officer, ''Leutnant'' Schnörrer was transferred to [[Erprobungskommando|''Erprobungskommando'' 262]], a small unit doing flight-testing of the revolutionary new [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] [[jet aircraft]]. In September, the fighter was ready to proceed to advanced combat-testing and his friend Nowotny was brought in to lead the project. On 26 September, the unit was re-designated [[Kommando Nowotny|''Kommando'' Nowotny]]. But progress was slow and with the war-situation getting worse, an impatient General [[Adolf Galland]] arrived in early-November to get a personal report. On 8 November, in very poor weather conditions, Nowotny led a ''Schwarm'' of Me&nbsp;262s into one of its first group combat missions and was [[killed in action]], probably shot down after an [[engine flame-out]] left him defenceless.{{sfn|Morgan|Weal|1998|pp=27–28}} On 15 November, Schnörrer and ''Major'' [[Rudolf Schoenert]], ''Oberst'' [[Gordon Gollob]], ''Major'' [[Georg Christl]], ''Hauptmann'' [[Heinz Strüning]], ''Major'' [[Josef Fözö]] formed the [[guard of honour|guard of honor]] at Nowotny funeral at the ''[[Zentralfriedhof]]'' in Vienna. The eulogy was delivered by ''Generaloberst'' [[Otto Deßloch]].{{sfn|Held|1998|p=157}}

[[File:Messerschmitt Me 262 at Evergreen Aviation Museum.jpg|thumb|right|A Me&nbsp;262 of JG&nbsp;7 similar to those flown by Schnörrer on display at the [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]].|alt=A color photo of a twin engine jet-fighter aircraft standing in a hangar.]]
Following these events, [[Jagdgeschwader 7|''Jagdgeschwader'' 7]] "Nowotny" (JG&nbsp;7—7th Fighter Wing) "Nowotny" was formed and placed under the command of ''Oberst'' [[Johannes Steinhoff]]. On 19 November, remnants of ''Kommando'' Nowotny was redesignated at [[Lechfeld Air Base|Lechfeld Airfield]] to III. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;7 and ordered to [[Brandenburg an der Havel|Brandenburg]]-[[Havelsee|Briest]] where they joined the ''[[Stab (Luftwaffe designation)|Stab]]'' (headquarters unit). In consequence, the 1., 2. and 3. ''Staffel'' of ''Kommando'' Nowotny became the 9., 10, and 11. ''Staffel'' of III. ''Gruppe'' which Steinhoff had placed under the command of ''Major'' [[Erich Hohagen]].{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|p=17}} Schnörrer was assigned to III. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;7 flying in [[Defense of the Reich]].{{Refn|Sources differ with respect to the ''Staffel'' Schnörrer was assigned to in III. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;7. Smith and Creek place him in 9. ''Staffel''.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=616}} According to Forsyth, Schnörrer was assigned to 11. ''Staffel''.{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|p=32}}|group="Note"}} From February to March 1945, he claimed eleven aerial victories flying the Me&nbsp;262 jet-fighter, making him one of the top jet-aces of the war.{{sfn|Morgan|Weal|1998|p=88}}{{sfn|Spick|1996|p=212}}{{refn|For a list of Luftwaffe jet aces see [[List of German World War II jet aces]]|group="Note"}}

On 3 February 1945, the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) [[Eighth Air Force]] attacked [[Brabag]]'s [[synthetic fuel]] factory at [[Magdeburg]]. III. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;7 was one of the Luftwaffe units [[Scrambling (military)|scrambled]] to intercept the bombers. The USAAF lost 23 [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]] bombers and seven [[North American P-51 Mustang]] fighters in the attack. Schnörrer was one of the Luftwaffe pilots to have claimed a B-17 shot down that day.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|pp=560–561}} On 9 February, over 1,200 [[heavy bomber]]s of the Eighth Air Force attacked synthetic fuel factories, railroad and other targets.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=563}} Close to [[Berlin]], III. ''Gruppe'' intercepted a formation of B-17 bombers and their fighter escort. In this encounter, Schnörrer claimed the destruction of a P-51 fighter aircraft.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=566}}{{Refn|According to Harvey, Schnörrer's opponent may have been Captain James William Browning from the [[357th Fighter Group]] who was reported as [[missing in action]] that day.{{sfn|Harvey|2011|p=304}} However, Chapis and Thomas state the Browning was killed in a [[mid-air collision]] with the Me&nbsp;262 piloted by ''Oberst'' [[Volprecht Riedesel Freiherr zu Eisenbach]], the ''[[Geschwaderkommodore]]'' (wing commander) of [[Kampfgeschwader 54|''Kampfgeschwader'' 54]](J) (KG&nbsp;54(J)—54th Fighter Bomber Wing), who was also killed that day.{{sfn|Chapis|Thomas|2017|p=48}}|group="Note"}} On 3 March 29 Me&nbsp;262s from ''Stab'' and III. ''Gruppe'' intercepted USAAF heavy bombers heading for Magdeburg, [[Hannover]], [[Hildesheim]] and [[Braunschweig]]. At approximately 10:15, Me&nbsp;262s from 9. ''Staffel'' engaged in aerial combat with B-17 bombers between Braunschweig and Magdeburg. Schnörrer accounted for one of the B-17 bombers shot down that day.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=593}}

On 18 March, the Eighth Air Force headed for various railway stations and tank factories in the greater Berlin area with 1,329 heavy bombers, escorted by 632 fighter aircraft. Flying from [[Parchim International Airport|Parchim Airfield]], 37 Me&nbsp;262 fighters led by ''Major'' [[Theodor Weissenberger]] took off to intercept the bombers. For the first time, six of the Me&nbsp;262 fighters were armed with the [[R4M]] unguided [[air-to-air rocket]]. Firing his rockets, Schnörrer shot down two B-17 bombers.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=616}} On that mission, ''Oberleutnant'' [[Günther Wegmann]], the ''Staffelkäpitan'' of 9. ''Staffel'' of JG&nbsp;7, was wounded in aerial combat. In consequence, Schnörrer was temporary given command of 9. ''Staffel'', a command position referred to as ''Staffelführer''.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|pp=616, 618}} The following day, 1,273 heavy bombers from the USAAF [[3rd Air Division]] again attacked the synthetic fuel factories. The bombers were intercepted by 28 Me&nbsp;262 fighters north of [[Chemnitz]]. In this encounter, Schnörrer shot down a B-17 bomber.{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=618}}

On 22 March, Schnörrer was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] ({{lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes}}) for 43 aerial victories claimed.{{sfn|Morgan|Weal|1998|p=96}} On 30 March, the USAAF 3rd Air Division dispatched 1,320 heavy bombers, escorted by 852 fighter aircraft, to the [[U-boat pens]] and [[Oil campaign chronology of World War II|oil storage]] facilities at [[Hamburg]], [[Bremen]], [[Wilhelmshaven]] and [[Farge]]. Defending against this attack, Me&nbsp;262s from I. and III. ''Gruppe'' of JG&nbsp;7 were scrambled. The attack force was intercepted north of [[Lüneburg]]. At 13:30 Schnörrer shot down two B-17 bombers, his last aerial victories.{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|pp=82–83}} He was then hit by crossfire from a third bomber. Pursued by P-51 fighters near [[Uelzen]], he bailed out but his leg hit the tailplane on his exit. Although he landed safely his leg wounds were so serious that he had to have his leg amputated, thus ending his combat career. Command of 9. ''Staffel'' was then passed on to ''Oberleutnant'' [[Gustav Sturm]]{{sfn|Musciano|1989|p=119}}{{sfn|Smith|Creek|2000|p=633}}

==Later life==
After the war, Schnörrer worked as a photographer for the [[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]] (dpa). Schnörrer died on 25 September 1979 in Nuremberg, aged 60.{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=199}}{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1161}}

==Summary of career==
===Aerial victory claims===
According to Obermaier, Schnörrer was credited with 46 aerial victories claimed in 536 combat missions. This figure includes 35 claims on the Eastern Front and 11 flying the Me&nbsp;262 jet fighter over the [[Allies of World War II|Western Allies]].{{sfn|Obermaier|1989|p=199}} Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the [[German Federal Archives]] and found records for 45 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure of confirmed claims includes 34 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 11 on the Western Front flying the Me&nbsp;262 jet fighter, including nine four-engined bombers.{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1161–1162}}

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = ''Planquadrat''), for example "PQ 10662". The Luftwaffe grid map ({{lang|de|Jägermeldenetz}}) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 [[Minute of arc|minutes]] of [[latitude]] by 30 minutes of [[longitude]], an area of about {{Convert|360|sqmi|sqkm}}. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area {{Convert|3|x|4|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} in size.{{sfn|''Planquadrat''}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:right; width: 100%;"
|-
! colspan="10" | Chronicle of aerial victories
|-
| colspan="10" style="text-align: left;" |
{{legend|#e3d9ff|This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Schnörrer did not receive credit.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|-
!scope="col"| Claim
!scope="col"| Date
!scope="col"| Time
!scope="col" width="100px"| Type
!scope="col"| Location
!scope="col" style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | Claim
!scope="col"| Date
!scope="col"| Time
!scope="col" width="100px"| Type
!scope="col"| Location
|-
! colspan="10" | – 1. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1161}}
|-
| style="background:#e3d9ff;" | {{Center|—}}
| 13 December 1941
| {{Center|—}}
| unknown
|
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" |
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="10" | – 1. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1161}}<br /><small>Eastern Front – 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943</small>
|-
| 1
| 12 May 1942
| 14:45
| [[Yakovlev Yak-1|Yak-1]]
| PQ 10662{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=85}}<br />{{Convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Lyuban (town), Leningrad Oblast|Lyuban]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 2
| 13 August 1942
| 20:40
| [[Petlyakov Pe-2|Pe-2]]
| PQ 02592{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2006|p=85}}
|-
! colspan="10" | – 1. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|pp=1161–1162}}<br /><small>Eastern Front – 4 February – 31 December 1943</small>
|-
| 3
| 23 February 1943
| 07:07
| [[Ilyushin Il-2|Il-2]]
| PQ 36 Ost 10181{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=170}}<br />east of [[Mga]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 19
| 18 August 1943
| 16:21
| [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3|MiG-3]]
| PQ 35 Ost 51862, Kantoschirow{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=181}}<br />{{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Bohodukhiv]]
|-
| 4
| 15 March 1943
| 08:12
| Il-2
| PQ 36 Ost 18251{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=171}}<br />{{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Staraya Russa]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 20
| 19 August 1943
| 13:10
| Pe-2
| PQ 35 Ost 51362{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=181}}<br />{{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Grayvoron]]
|-
| 5
| 5 June 1943
| 12:18
| MiG-3
| PQ 36 Ost 21782{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=174}}<br />{{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Volkhov]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 21
| 19 August 1943
| 15:50
| Il-2
| PQ 35 Ost 51544{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=181}}<br />northeast of Bohodukhiv
|-
| 6
| 8 June 1943
| 16:18
| [[Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3|LaGG-3]]
| PQ 36 Ost 10283{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=174}}<br />{{Convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-southwest of Volkhov
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 22
| 20 August 1943
| 06:25
| Il-2
| PQ 35 Ost 51533{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=181}}<br />northeast of Bohodukhiv
|-
| 7
| 15 June 1943
| 16:35
| LaGG-3
| PQ 26 Ost 90134, Borkij{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=175}}<br />{{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Lomonosov, Russia|Lomonosov]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 23
| 28 September 1943
| 08:25
| LaGG-3
| PQ 35 Ost 16513{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}<br />{{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Velizh]]
|-
| 8
| 5 July 1943
| 15:42
| LaGG-3
| PQ 35 Ost 63591{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=176}}<br />{{Convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} south-southwest of [[Maloarkhangelsk, Oryol Oblast|Maloarkhangelsk]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 24
| 7 October 1943
| 16:17
| [[Bell P-39 Airacobra|P-39]]
| PQ 35 Ost 17753{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}<br />{{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Toropets]]
|-
| 9
| 6 July 1943
| 14:33
| LaGG-3
| PQ 35 Ost 63722{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=176}}<br />{{Convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 25
| 7 October 1943
| 16:17
| [[Curtiss P-40 Warhawk|P-40]]
| PQ 35 Ost 17781{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}<br />{{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Toropets
|-
| 10
| 7 July 1943
| 14:12
| [[Douglas A-20 Havoc|Boston]]
| PQ 35 Ost 63834{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=177}}<br />{{Convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-northwest of [[Kursk]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 26
| 9 October 1943
| 09:25
| P-39
| PQ 25 Ost 96232, southeast of [[Nevel (town)|Nevel]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}
|-
| 11
| 7 July 1943
| 14:20
| P-40
| PQ 35 Ost 63561{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=177}}<br />{{Convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Maloarkhangelsk
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 27
| 9 October 1943
| 13:35
| Il-2
| east of Lugowskija{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}
|-
| 12
| 14 July 1943
| 15:50
| [[Lavochkin La-5|La-5]]
| PQ 35 Ost 54413{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=178}}<br />{{Convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} west-southwest of [[Belyov]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 28
| 11 October 1943
| 14:30
| Il-2
| PQ 35 Ost 06283, east of Kosadojewo{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=185}}
|-
| 13
| 17 July 1943
| 17:03
| Il-2 m.H.{{refn|The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner ({{lang|de|mit Heckschütze}}).|group="Note"}}
| PQ 35 Ost 54489{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=179}}<br />{{Convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Bolkhov]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 29
| 12 October 1943
| 14:25
| LaGG-3
| PQ 35 Ost 15551, east of Leninsk{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=186}}<br />{{Convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of Gorki
|-
| 14
| 17 July 1943
| 17:06
| LaGG-3
| PQ 35 Ost 54483{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=179}}<br />{{Convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest of Bolkhov
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 30
| 13 October 1943
| 09:33
| La-5
| PQ 35 Ost 15542, south of Leninsk{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=186}}<br />northeast of Lenin
|-
| 15
| 7 August 1943
| 11:32
| Il-2
| PQ 35 Ost 54731{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=180}}<br />{{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-northeast of [[Karachev]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 31
| 13 October 1943
| 09:55
| La-5
| PQ 35 Ost 15521, northeast of Scheino{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=186}}
|-
| 16
| 7 August 1943
| 13:54
| Il-2
| PQ 35 Ost 54732{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=180}}<br />{{Convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-northeast of Karachev
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 32
| 14 October 1943
| 11:18
| P-40
| PQ 35 Ost 15381, south of [[Lyady, Vitebsk Region|Lyady]]{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=186}}
|-
| 17
| 12 August 1943
| 08:57
| La-5
| PQ 35 Ost 51854{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=180}}<br />{{Convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Bohodukhiv
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 33
| 10 November 1943
| 14:30
| Il-2
| Lake Ordovo{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=186}}
|-
| 18
| 16 August 1943
| 15:25
| La-5
| PQ 35 Ost 60132{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=181}}<br />[[Gulf of Finland]], north of [[Kunda, Estonia|Kunda]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 34
| 12 November 1943
| 10:08
| [[Yakovlev Yak-9|Yak-9]]
| Lake Orowaz{{sfn|Prien|Stemmer|Rodeike|Bock|2012|p=188}}
|-
! colspan="10" | – 9. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 7 –{{sfn|Mathews|Foreman|2015|p=1162}}<br /><small>Defense of the Reich –  – 30 February March 1945</small>
|-
| 35
| 3 February 1945
| {{Center|—}}
| [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17]]
| vicinity of [[Berlin]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 41
| 21 March 1945
| 09:15~
| B-17{{sfn|Boehme|1992|p=124}}
| northwest of [[Dresden]]
|-
| 36
| 9 February 1945
| {{Center|—}}
| [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51]]{{sfn|Boehme|1992|p=83}}
| vicinity of Berlin
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 42
| 22 March 1945
| 12:45~
| B-17{{sfn|Boehme|1992|p=127}}
| [[Cottbus]]-[[Bautzen]]-Dresden
|-
| 37
| 3 March 1945
| 10:15~
| B-17{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|p=61}}
| vicinity of [[Braunschweig]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 43
| 25 March 1945
| 10:10
| P-51{{sfn|Boehme|1992|p=132}}
|
|-
| 38
| 18 March 1945
| 11:20~
| B-17{{sfn|Heaton|Lewis|2012|p=270}}
| vicinity of [[Rathenow]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 44
| 30 March 1945
| 13:30~
| B-17
| vicinity of [[Hamburg]]{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|p=83}}
|-
| 39
| 18 March 1945
| 11:20~
| B-17{{sfn|Heaton|Lewis|2012|p=270}}
| vicinity of Rathenow
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" | 45
| 30 March 1945
| 13:30~
| B-17
| vicinity of Hamburg{{sfn|Forsyth|2008|p=83}}
|-
| 40
| 19 March 1945
| {{Center|—}}
| B-17{{sfn|Boehme|1992|p=119}}
| vicinity of [[Chemnitz]]
| style="border-left: 3px solid grey;" |
|
|
|
|
|}

===Awards===
*[[Pilotenabzeichen|Pilot's Badge]] (6 May 1941){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
*[[Eastern Front Medal]] (6 August 1942){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
*[[Wound Badge]] in Black (13 November 1943){{sfn|Held|1998|p=121}}
*[[Order of the Cross of Liberty]] 2nd Class (22 November 1942){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
*[[Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe]] in Gold for fighter pilots (14 November 1942){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
*[[Iron Cross]] (1939)
** 2nd Class (16 September 1942){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
** 1st Class (22 June 1943){{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}
*[[Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe]] on 1 November 1943 as ''[[Feldwebel]]'' and pilot{{sfn|Patzwall|2008|p=185}}{{Refn|According to Held on 18 October 1943.{{sfn|Held|1998|p=146}}|group="Note"}}
*[[German Cross]] in Gold on 21 October 1943 as ''[[Leutnant]]'' in the I./''Jagdgeschwader'' 54{{sfn|Patzwall|Scherzer|2001|p=419}}
*[[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] on 22 March 1945 as ''Leutnant'' of the Reserves and ''[[Staffelkapitän|Staffelführer]]'' of the 11./''Jagdgeschwader'' 7{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=386}}{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=678}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="Note"}}

==References==

===Citations===
{{Reflist|25em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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}}
* {{Cite book
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}}
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|ref={{sfnRef|''Planquadrat''}}
}}
* {{cite book
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}}
* {{cite book
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* {{Cite book
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* {{cite book
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  |trans-title=The Fighter Pilot Walter Nowotny Images and Documents
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}}
* {{Cite book
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}}
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  |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
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}}
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  |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943
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}}
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  |year=2012
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  |trans-title=The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/III—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943
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}}
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  |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives
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}}
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  |first=Mike
  |year=1996
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  |isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1
  |url-access=registration
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* {{Cite book
  |last=Weal
  |first=John
  |year=2001
  |title=Jagdgeschwader 54 "Grünherz"
  |series=Aviation Elite Units
  |volume=6
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  |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]
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}}
* {{Cite book
  |last=Ziegler
  |first=Mano
  |year=2014
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  |location=
  |publisher=[[Casemate Publishers]]
  |isbn=978-1-84832-699-6
}}
{{Refend}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-mil}}
{{S-bef| before =''Oberleutnant'' [[Günther Wegmann]]}}
{{S-ttl| title =Squadron Leader of 9./JG 7 | years = 19 March 1945&nbsp;– 30 March 1945}}
{{S-aft| after =''Oberleutnant'' [[Gustav Sturm]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Subject bar
| portal1=Aviation
| portal2=Biography
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schnorrer, Karl}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Luftwaffe pilots]]
[[Category:German World War II flying aces]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class]]
[[Category:German amputees]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Nuremberg]]
[[Category:Photographers from Bavaria]]