View source for Karlskrona

{{short description|Place in Blekinge, Sweden}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup|date=July 2022|reason=Poor quality of various sections of the article.}}
{{Travel guide|date=July 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Karlskrona
| image_skyline          = 
{{multiple image
| perrow      = 1/2
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image1      = 
| alt1        = 
| image2      = Fredrikskyrkan1.jpg
| alt2        = 
| image3      = Fiskbron - Karlskrona.JPG
| alt3        = 
| image4      = Trefaldighetskyrkan, Karlskrona 01.jpg
| alt4        = 
}}
| image_caption          = '''Clockwise from top''': Aerial view of Karlskrona; [[Fredrik Church]]; Fiskbron; [[Trinity Church (Karlskrona)|Trinity Church]]
| image_shield           = Karlskrona vapen.svg
| pushpin_map            = Sweden Blekinge#Sweden
| subdivision_type       = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name       = [[Sweden]]
| subdivision_type3      = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3      = [[Karlskrona Municipality]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Blekinge County]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Blekinge]]
| established_title3     = [[City status in Sweden|Charter]]
| established_date3      = 1680
| area_footnotes         = <ref name=karlskronakommun>{{cite web |url=https://www.karlskrona.se/kommun-och-politik/det-har-ar-karlskrona/kommunfakta-och-statistik/ |title=Kommunfakta och statistik<sup>2</sup> 2018 |date=31 December 2018 |publisher=[[Karlskrona kommun]] |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055525/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archive-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2012 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2         = 21.72
| population_footnotes   = 
| population_as_of       = 2020
| population_density_km2 = 1621
| timezone               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset             = +1
| timezone_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST         = +2
| coordinates            = {{coord|56|9|39|N|15|35|10|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m            = 16
| postal_code_type       = Postal code
| postal_code            = 371 xx
| area_code              = (+46) 455
| website                = {{URL|http://www.karlskrona.se/}}
| footnotes              = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child         = yes
| official_name = [[Naval Port of Karlskrona]]
| includes      = {{flatlist
|#Karlskrona and the Island of [[Trossö]]
#Mjölnarholmen
#Koholmen
#Kungshall (Basareholmen)
#Godnatt
#Kurrholmen
#Ljungskär
#Crown Mill at [[Lyckeby]] (Kronokvarnen)
#Kungsholms Fort ([[Kungsholmen]])
#[[Drottningskär]]s Citadel (Kastellet)
#[[Skärva]]
}}
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iv)}}(ii)(iv)
| ID            = 871
| year          = 1998
| area          = {{convert|320.417|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone   = {{convert|1,105.077|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
}}
| settlement_type        = [[Urban areas in Sweden|Locality]]
}}
'''Karlskrona''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|ɑːr|l|s|k|r|əʊ|n|ə}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/karlskrona|title=Karlskrona|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑːr|l|z|ˈ|k|r|uː|n|ə}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Karlskrona|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|sv|kaɭsˈkrûːna|lang|sv-Karlskrona.ogg}}) is a [[urban areas of Sweden|locality]] and the seat of [[Karlskrona Municipality]], [[Blekinge County]], [[Sweden]] with a population of 66,675 in 2018.<ref name=karlskronakommun /> It is also the capital of [[Blekinge County]]. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only [[baroque]] city<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskrona {{!}} Intelligent Cities Challenge |url=https://www.intelligentcitieschallenge.eu/cities/karlskrona |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=www.intelligentcitieschallenge.eu}}</ref> and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the [[Swedish Coast Guard]].

Historically, the city has been home to a [[Germans in Sweden|German minority]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ett världsarvs historia |url=https://www.karlskrona.se/varldsarvet-orlogsstaden-karlskrona/varldsarvet-orlogsstaden-karlskrona/orlogsstaden-karlskronas-historia/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=www.karlskrona.se |publisher=[[Karlskrona Municipality]] |quote=Hit kom många tyskar, framförallt handelsmän.}}</ref> thus enabling the formation of a [[Trinity Church (Karlskrona)|German Congregational church]]. It also counted [[Jewish People|Jewish people]] in its population.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Mosaiska församlingen i Karlskrona (1785 – 1994) |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/?Sokord=Gustav+III&page=7&FacettFilter=arkis_aukt_huvudkategori_facet$F%C3%B6rening:&postid=Arkis+F626984C-34E3-42C6-B67E-007F6E426B19 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se |publisher=[[National Archives of Sweden]] |language=sv}}</ref>

In 1998, parts of the city, including the [[Karlskrona Naval Base]], was declared a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]].

==History==
{{stack|[[File:Lyckå_slottsruin.jpg|thumb|The ruins of ''Lyckeby Castle'' in northeastern Karlskrona.]]}}
Under Danish rule, the island on which Karlskrona was built, [[Trossö]], was used chiefly for farming and grazing. During the 16th century, it was owned by the farmer Offe Månsson. A couple of kilometers away on the mainland there was another, older town called ''[[Lyckeby]]'' or ''Lyckå'' (today a [[city district]] of Karlskrona). In 1599, [[Christian IV of Denmark|King Christian IV of Denmark]] founded a new town, [[Kristianopel]], a little further away. Lyckeby lost its [[town privileges]] which were transferred to the new town, and Lyckeby Castle was torn down.

At the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] in 1658 during the [[Second Northern War]], [[Blekinge]] fell under Swedish rule. In the subsequent years, the Swedish government developed plans to relocate most of the [[Royal Swedish Navy]] from the [[Stockholm]] area to a more southerly location. At the time Sweden was the dominant military power in the [[Baltic Sea region]], but needed a better strategic location for its navy, as the Swedish fleet tended to get stuck in the ice during winter while located close to Stockholm. It was therefore decided to move it to an [[ice-free port|ice-free]] location in the newly conquered province, which also offered a very strategic position against Denmark, and with short sailing distances to Sweden's German and Baltic provinces.

{{stack|[[File:Karlskrona founding fathers.jpg|thumb|Painting showing the Swedish King [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]] pointing out the place for "Carls-Croona".]]}}
It was decided to base most of the kingdom's fleet on Trossö where a new naval base and city were to be constructed. The location was strategically advantageous on an island in the [[archipelago]] with control over the link to the mainland and surrounded by islets where fortifications were erected to protect the naval base. Until 1679, the island and the nearby islets were owned by the farmer Vittus Andersson; he was forced to sell his properties to the Swedish crown. The same year work on relocating the navy from the Stockholm area to Trossö begun.

The city itself was founded on 10 August 1680.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2017|title=Grattis Karlskrona, 337 year!|url=http://www.blt.se/karlskrona/grattis-karlskrona-337-ar/|access-date=10 August 2018|publisher=Blekinge läns tidning|language=sv}}</ref> The city's name means ''Karl's Crown'' in honour of King [[Karl XI of Sweden]], the name being inspired by the name of the older city of [[Landskrona]] in [[Scania]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hellquist|first=Elof|year=1922|chapter=Karl|chapter-url=https://runeberg.org/svetym/0390.html|title=Svensk etymologisk ordbok|page=302|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karlskrona.com/information/karlskronas-historia/ |title=Karlskronas historia|website=Karlskrona.com|access-date=22 June 2014|language=sv}}</ref> The nearby town of [[Ronneby]] was dissolved as a town and its population forced to move to Karlskrona which benefited from several years of customs freedom. Shipbuilders for the shipyards of the new naval base were brought in from [[Ostrobothnia (historical province)|Ostrobothnia]] and Stockholm.

{{stack|[[File:Suecia 3-110 ; Karlskrona.jpg|thumb|325px|Karlskrona {{circa}} 1700. From ''[[Suecia antiqua et hodierna]]''.]]}}
[[File:Karlskrona MKL Bd. 9 1890 (130810517).jpg|thumb|Historic Map]]
In 1682, bridges were built that connected the city center with the mainland. The first city plan, drawn up in 1683 by [[Erik Dahlbergh]], [[Hans Wachtmeister]] and Carl Magnus Stuart, shows Karlskrona as a pure fortress. The 1694 plan by Erik Dahlberg, which was later followed, also provided space for urban development.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|author=[[:sv:Gunnar Carlquist|Carlquist, Gunnar]]|year=1933|title=[[Svensk uppslagsbok]]. Bd 14|location=Malmö|publisher=Svensk Uppslagsbok AB|page=14}}</ref> The city grew quickly and by 1750 Karlskrona had about 10,000 inhabitants. It was then one of the biggest cities in the country and soon became the kingdom's third largest city, after [[Riga]] and [[Stockholm]]. Most of the baroque buildings from this era are still standing, which is why the city centre is architecturally uniform.

The shipyard in Karlskrona was established almost at the same time as the city. It was a necessity because of the heavy losses the Swedish navy had suffered in 1659. In 1711, the shipyard was Sweden's largest industrial employer with 1,100 workers. The oldest dock, the Polhem dock, is cut in the cliff itself and is still in use. It got its name from [[Christopher Polhem]] ("The Swedish da Vinci", a scientist with several inventions still in use). There is also a historical rope making factory, [[Ropewalk (Karlskrona)|Repslagarbanan]].

Karlskrona developed rapidly, but in the early 18th century stagnation occurred due to war and plagues. In the years 1701 to 1711 about 7,000 people died when the plague struck the city. In 1741 and 1789, the city was again hit by plagues, each claiming 6,000 lives.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

When Karlskrona, as a military-closed port city, slowly withered away in step with the Swedish great power, the growth slowed, with the city losing much of its former glory, but it has nevertheless retained its position as a strong [[naval base]]. That Karlskrona was intended as a future capital of a great power is noticeable mainly in its central parts where Stortorget follows the ideals of the time for what Europe's great power cities would look like. With its large open [[Town square|piazza]] where the church, town hall and state administration are located in the outer edges of the square, it follows the baroque pattern. The number of churches and state administration castles also shows the city's intended task. The large military area and the shipyard show that Karlskrona, as the kingdom's southern gate, was long considered a very important city to defend. Even today, operations are conducted at Karlskronavarvet. Karlskrona was thus intended to take over [[Stockholm|Stockholm's]] place as the kingdom's capital, but these plans were never realized.

During the years 1910 — 1949, there was electric tram traffic from Amiralitetsgatan in the south to Bergåsa in the north.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wämöleden|url=http://www.karlskrona.se/upload/Wamo.indd.pdf|publisher=Karlskrona kommun|access-date=28 May 2008}}{{dead link|date=June 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>

The city has kept its street structure since its foundation. Since the streets all follow a grid pattern the winds can blow freely from the sea right into the heart of the city.

Parts of the city (mainly the Naval Port) have been declared a [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Karlskrona|url=http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/site.php?id=871|access-date=7 May 2017|publisher=www.worldheritagesite.org}}</ref>

In October 1981 the [[Whiskey class submarine|Whiskey-class]] [[Soviet submarine S-363|Soviet submarine ''S-363'']] (known as "U137" in Sweden) ran aground in the archipelago near Sturkö just outside Karlskrona.  The media characterized it as the "Whiskey on the Rocks" affair. The incident caused a temporary rise in tensions between Sweden and the Soviet Union. While the submarine's grounding was inadvertent, and likely the result of inebriation among the crew, the submarine almost certainly was engaged in an unspecified covert mission at the time.

==Geography==
The city of Karlskrona is spread over 30 islands in the eastern part of [[Blekinge archipelago]], [[Trossö]] being the main one.<ref name="Berezin2006">{{cite book|last=Berezin|first=Henrik|title=Adventure Guide Scandinavia: Sweden, Norway, & Denmark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuQiFJh29RMC&pg=PA120|access-date=1 July 2012|date=30 April 2006|publisher=Hunter Publishing, Inc|isbn=978-1-58843-579-8|pages=120–}}</ref> Other populated mentionable islands are [[Saltö]], [[Sturkö]], [[Hästö]], [[Långö]] and [[Aspö, Karlskrona|Aspö]]. The islet of [[Stumholmen]] was formerly property of the Navy and today it houses the National Naval Museum ([[Marinmuseum]]). Outside the city lies the archipelago of Karlskrona, the most southern of the Swedish archipelagos. Several islands are connected to the city by ferries.

=== Climate ===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Karlskrona has a four season warm-summer Mediterranean climate ([[Mediterranean climate|''Csb'']]). Barely fulfilling the precipitation criteria, the climate can best be classified as a hybrid between Oceanic and Cold semi-arid ([[oceanic climate|Cfb]]/[[BSk]]) with dry-spring/early-summers and wet winters.

Due to its location in the [[rain shadow]] of the [[South Swedish highlands]], Karlskrona has one of the driest and sunniest climates in all of Sweden. Only rivaled by island locales. The precipitation pattern of a drying summer, can easily be found elsewhere in North American locales such as [[Skagway]], [[Soldotna]], or even inland [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]]. In comparison with other well-known warm-summer Mediterranean areas such as the [[Pacific Northwest]] or [[Iberia|Northwestern Iberia]], Karlskrona has a relatively dry climate with annual sunshine hours matching – or even exceeding – famous cities such as [[Seattle]] or [[A Coruña]]. Tourists often flock to the city during summer for guaranteed summer sunshine. Summer sunshine-values is in direct competition with traditionally Mediterranean cities such as [[Rome]], [[Nice]], [[Lisbon]], or even [[Madrid]]. [[Humidity]] however, remains high throughout the entire year, partly due to the constant winds blowing in from the sea. Long lasting snow cover is uncommon. Snow usually melts within the first few days of falling.

Thanks to its coastal position on the south coast of Sweden right by the [[Baltic Sea]], Karlskrona experiences relatively speaking mild weather year round with a strong [[seasonal lag]]. Spring begins during March and is often accompanied by sunny and drying weather. Drought-like conditions are not unheard of. For instance, March 2022 experienced as little as 1 mm of rain. This precipitation pattern continues well into early-summer passing through April where precipitation generally reaches its minimum. Summer days are often sunny, which starts during May and extends into September, with daytime highs near 20°C. Around the [[summer solstice]], [[westerlies|westerly winds]] begin picking up resulting in sporadic rain-showers lasting throughout summer. In accordance with Karlskrona’s poleward location, day time hours quickly dwindle during October resulting in grey overcast skies lasting until the end of February. Even so, autumn is often mild with temperatures significantly warmer than further inland. This mild weather often extends well into the winter months with December lows exceeding freezing. January and February is often coldest time of the year with plenty of precipitation and chilly damp winds. Thanks to mild winter temperatures, Karlskrona lies gardening-zone 1. According to the [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[hardiness zones]] in zone 8b (9a 2010-present). However, lack of summer heat creates unfavorable environments for heat-demanding plants, that is a climate pattern seen across large areas of [[Northwestern Europe]]. 

{{Weather box <!-- Infobox begins -->
|metric first=yes
|single line=  j
|location=   Karlskrona-Söderstjerna, (2021-present normals,{{Efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima}}Extremes 2010-present
|Jan record high C = 9.8
|Feb record high C = 13.8
|Mar record high C = 18.7
|Apr record high C = 18.5
|May record high C = 26.4
|Jun record high C = 28.7
|Jul record high C = 30.6
|Aug record high C = 29.6
|Sep record high C = 25.0
|Oct record high C = 18.2
|Nov record high C = 15.6
|Dec record high C = 11.7
|year record high C = 30.6
|Jan avg record high C = 8.1
|Feb avg record high C = 9.7
|Mar avg record high C = 10.3
|Apr avg record high C = 15.5
|May avg record high C = 20.3
|Jun avg record high C = 25.8
|Jul avg record high C = 25.4
|Aug avg record high C = 24.1
|Sep avg record high C = 22.1
|Oct avg record high C = 16.3
|Nov avg record high C = 13.3
|Dec avg record high C = 9
|year avg record high C =
|Jan high C = 3.7
|Feb high C = 4.2
|Mar high C = 5.9
|Apr high C = 9.3
|May high C = 15.2
|Jun high C = 20
|Jul high C = 20.9
|Aug high C = 20.5
|Sep high C = 18.2
|Oct high C = 13
|Nov high C = 7.8
|Dec high C = 4.6
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 1.8
|Feb mean C = 2.1
|Mar mean C = 3.6
|Apr mean C = 6.6
|May mean C = 12.2
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|Jul mean C = 18.3
|Aug mean C = 17.9
|Sep mean C = 15.6
|Oct mean C = 11
|Nov mean C = 6.1
|Dec mean C = 2.6
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -0.1
|Feb low C = -0.1
|Mar low C = 1.2
|Apr low C = 3.9
|May low C = 9.2
|Jun low C = 14.1
|Jul low C = 15.7
|Aug low C = 15.3
|Sep low C = 13
|Oct low C = 9
|Nov low C = 4.4
|Dec low C = 0.5
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C = -6.7
|Feb avg record low C = -5.9
|Mar avg record low C = -3.2
|Apr avg record low C = -0.9
|May avg record low C = 1.8
|Jun avg record low C = 10
|Jul avg record low C = 13.3
|Aug avg record low C = 11.9
|Sep avg record low C = 8.2
|Oct avg record low C = 3.8
|Nov avg record low C = -5
|Dec avg record low C = -6.9
|year avg record low C =
|Jan record low C = -11.7
|Feb record low C = -12.8
|Mar record low C = -9
|Apr record low C = -4
|May record low C = -5.7
|Jun record low C = 6.4
|Jul record low C = 10.8
|Aug record low C = 9.8
|Sep record low C = 3.3
|Oct record low C = -0.2
|Nov record low C = -7.4
|Dec record low C = -12
|year record low C = -
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation cm=  |Jan precipitation mm = 43.7
|Feb precipitation cm= |Feb precipitation mm = 33.6
|Mar precipitation cm= |Mar precipitation mm = 17.2
|Apr precipitation cm= |Apr precipitation mm = 14.2
|May precipitation cm=  |May precipitation mm = 22.9
|Jun precipitation cm=  |Jun precipitation mm = 41.8
|Jul precipitation cm=  |Jul precipitation mm = 62
|Aug precipitation cm=  |Aug precipitation mm = 48.3
|Sep precipitation cm=  |Sep precipitation mm = 52.7
|Oct precipitation cm=  |Oct precipitation mm = 36.5
|Nov precipitation cm=  |Nov precipitation mm = 41
|Dec precipitation cm=  |Dec precipitation mm = 34.5
|year precipitation cm=  |year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 17.5
|Feb precipitation days = 14.3
|Mar precipitation days = 10.3
|Apr precipitation days = 8.5
|May precipitation days = 10
|Jun precipitation days = 8.3
|Jul precipitation days = 13
|Aug precipitation days = 10.3
|Sep precipitation days = 10.3
|Oct precipitation days = 13.5
|Nov precipitation days = 18.9
|Dec precipitation days = 16.3
|year precipitation days =  
| Jan sun  = 62.3 |Jan percentsun = 26
| Feb sun  = 96.3 |Feb percentsun = 36
| Mar sun  = 176.5 |Mar percentsun = 48
| Apr sun  = 248.3 |Apr percentsun = 58
| May sun  = 333.8 |May percentsun = 66
| Jun sun  = 349.3 |Jun percentsun = 66
| Jul sun  = 312.5 |Jul percentsun = 60
| Aug sun  = 261.3 |Aug percentsun = 56
| Sep sun  = 195.3 |Sep percentsun = 51
| Oct sun  = 125.3 |Oct percentsun = 39
| Nov sun  = 44 |Nov percentsun = 18
| Dec sun  = 33.5 |Dec percentsun = 15
| year sun = |year percentsun = 30
| Jan humidity = 88
| Feb humidity = 85
| Mar humidity = 79
| Apr humidity = 70
| May humidity = 70
| Jun humidity = 74
| Jul humidity = 78
| Aug humidity = 80
| Sep humidity = 79
| Oct humidity = 85
| Nov humidity = 88
| Dec humidity = 90
| year humidity =
| Jan light = 7.7
| Feb light = 9.6
| Mar light = 11.9
| Apr light = 14.3
| May light = 16.4
| Jun light = 17.6
| Jul light = 16.9
| Aug light = 15
| Sep light = 12.7
| Oct light = 10.4
| Nov light = 8.2
| Dec light = 7
| year light= 
| Jan uv  =1
| Feb uv  =2
| Mar uv  =3
| Apr uv  =5
| May uv  =6
| Jun uv  =7
| Jul uv  =7
| Aug uv  =6
| Sep uv  =5
| Oct uv  =3
| Nov uv  =1
| Dec uv  =1
| year uv =
https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/airtemperatureInstant/65090

|source 1 = SMHI Open Data(Temperature & Precipitation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smhi.se/data/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/airtemperatureInstant/65090
|title=SMHI Monthly Data 2021–2024 Temperature|publisher=SMHI|language=sv|access-date=1 Jan 2025}}</ref>
|source 2= Weather Atlas(daylight)<ref name="Weather Atlas"/> Nomadseason(UV)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nomadseason.com/uv-index/sweden/blekinge/karlskrona.html |title=UV Index in Karlskrona, Sweden |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=Nomadseason |quote=Last updated: August 15, 2024}}</ref>
}}<!-- Infobox ends -->

{{Clear}}

{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Karlskrona
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C 
|style="background:#9090FF;color:#000000;"|2.8<br />
|style="background:#8484FF;color:#000000;"|2.3<br />
|style="background:#7E7EFF;color:#000000;"|2.3<br />
|style="background:#8888FF;color:#000000;"|4<br />
|style="background:#9C9CFF;color:#000000;"|8.2<br />
|style="background:#B8B8FF;color:#000000;"|14.1<br />
|style="background:#D3D3FF;color:#000000;"|17.5<br />
|style="background:#DFDFFF;color:#000000;"|18.1<br />
|style="background:#DEDEFF;color:#000000;"|16<br />
|style="background:#D3D3FF;color:#000000;"|12<br />
|style="background:#C4C4FF;color:#000000;"|8.6<br />
|style="background:#A9A9FF;color:#000000;"|5.3<br />
|style="background:#B0B0FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|<br />
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|Source: Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/sweden/karlskrona-climate |title=Karlskrona, Sweden– Monthly weather forecast and Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=25 January 2019 }}</ref>
|}

{{notelist}}

==Culture and heritages==
The most important day in Karlskrona is the day before midsummer's eve. On that day a big fair takes place and attracts tens of thousands to visit Karlskrona. The fair is called ''Lövmarknaden'' (The Leaf Fair) and is very popular among the locals.

The main square of Karlskrona is the biggest in Scandinavia.

Every year in late July/early August a popular festival called ''The Sail'' takes place in the harbor of Karlskrona. Usually it is a place where families go to have something to eat and drink, and perhaps watch the sailing boats lined up at the pier. During the sail, the sea scouts of Karlskrona will row a boat carrying torches along the docks while playing the national anthems for the visiting ships.

Lately The Sail has been replaced with a festival called [[Skärgårdsfest]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karlskronaskargardsfest.se/|title=Hem - Karlskrona Skärgårdsfest|website=www.karlskronaskargardsfest.se}}</ref>

The old architecture together with the naval installations comprise the major tourist attractions of Karlskrona. The city has a pleasant atmosphere and is one of the highlights of south-east Sweden.
<!--the section below is translated from frwiki-->

=== Architectural Heritage ===
Karlskrona has preserved its buildings and its layout virtually intact since its foundation.

When the city was founded in 1680, it was primarily thought of as a military city, with many defenses and fortifications exploiting the particular topography of the city. Some fortifications were located on the main island (Trossö) such as the Bastion Aurora, built at the beginning of the 18th century,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Aurora Bastion|url=http://www.orlogsstadenkarlskrona.se/page/108/the-aurora-bastion.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}.</ref> but much of it was located on the nearby islands (Ljungskär, Mjölnareholmen, Godnatt, Koholmen and Kurrholmen) or more distant, such as the islands closing the bay, with in particular the important fortress of Kungsholmen and its circular port.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fortifications|url=http://www.orlogsstadenkarlskrona.se/page/90/the-city-plan.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Bastion Aurora 1.JPG|Bastion Aurora
File:Västra kruthuset, Borgmästarfjärden.JPG|Västra kruthuset
File:Kungsholms fort - donjon.JPG|The Kungsholmen fort
File:Kungsholms fort 030.JPG|The circular harbor of Kungsholmen
</gallery>

But the civil part of the city was also carefully planned. It has a rectangular grid plan, with however some diagonal streets, created because of the relief of the city center.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} [[Nicodème Tessin l'Ancien]] was responsible for the design of the buildings, and he gave the city a very uniform [[baroque]] style.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

The central building of the city is the Fredrikskyrkan church, built in the 1690s,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fredrik Church|url=http://www.orlogsstadenkarlskrona.se/page/98/the-fredrik-church.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}.</ref> On the main square, which is also the highest point of the island. Several other churches are located in the city, such as the Church of the Holy Trinity, built for the Germans of the city in 1709,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Church of the Holy Trinity|url=http://www.orlogsstadenkarlskrona.se/page/100/the-church-of-the-holy-trinity.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}</ref> or the Amiralitetskyrkan, consecrated in 1685<ref name=amiral>{{cite web|title=The Admiralty Church|url=http://www.orlogsstadkarlskrona.se/page/107/the-admiralty-church.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Fredrikskyrkan_Karlskrona.jpg|The Fredrikskyrkan Church
File:Church of Holy Trinity Karlskrona.jpg|Church of the Holy Trinity
File:Amiralitetskyrkan. s.w.JPG|Amiralitetskyrkan
</gallery>

In front of the Amiralitetskyrkan church is the statue of Rosenbom, made famous by the children's book of Selma Lagerlöf, ''[[The Wonderful Adventures of Nils]]'', in which the statue tells the story of the church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gubblen Rosenbom|url=http://www.karlskrona.com/cmarter.asp?doc=2817|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112031256/http://www.karlskrona.com/cmarter.asp?doc=2817|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 January 2012|website=Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv}}.</ref>  The man is seen holding some text in Swedish. The English translation of that text is "I humbly beg of you, even though my voice may be weak, come and put a penny in but first lift my hat. Blessed are those that care for the poor." (The last sentence being adapted from the Bible.) Nearby, there is paper with the translation of that text, the translated languages are English, German, Polish, Danish, Norwegian, and Finnish. The English translation is written by Gorge Hopkins. Near the church is also the Admiralstorn Tower, dating from 1699, originally used to indicate the time for the shipyard workers but used since 1909 as the church tower<ref>{{cite web|title=The Admiralty Clock Tower|url=http://www.orlogsstadkarlskrona.se/page/105/the-admiralty-clock-tower.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Karlskrona Rosenbom.jpg|The statue of Rosenbom
File:Admiralstorn karlskrona väst.jpg|Admiralstorn
</gallery>

Finally, the city has some more recent buildings, such as the model room, having hosted between 1780 and 1920 models of boats,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Ships' Models Room and Mustering Hall|url=http://www.orlogsstadkarlskrona.se/page/112/the-ships-models-room-and-mustering-hall.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> Now transferred to the Marine Museum, or the town hall built after the fire of 1790.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Town Hall|url=http://www.orlogsstadenkarlskrona.se/page/101/the-town-hall.aspx|website=The naval city of Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011}}.</ref> Finally, the [[Karlskrona Residence|county residence]] (Länsresidenset) built between 1909 and 1911.<ref>{{cite web|title=Upplev länsresidenset i Karlskrona och skärgårdens befästningar|url=http://www.sfv.se/cms/sfv/aktuellt/press/press_2008/upplev_lansresidenset_i_karlskrona_och_skargardens_befastningar.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909151755/http://www.sfv.se/cms/sfv/aktuellt/press/press_2008/upplev_lansresidenset_i_karlskrona_och_skargardens_befastningar.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2012|website=Stats fastighetsverk|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv}}.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Karlskrona marinbas - Mönster och modellsalsbyggnaden.JPG|The model room
File:Karlskrona town hall Dec 2008.jpg|City Hall
File:Länsresedenset Karlskrona.JPG|[[Karlskrona Residence|County governor residence]]
</gallery>

=== Museums ===
[[File:Marinmuseum karlskrona dag.jpg|thumb|The Museum of the Navy]]
The most visited museum of the city is the [[Marinmuseum|Naval Museum]], with around 250,000 visitors a year. About half of those visitors are Swedish, the other half from other countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinmuseum.se/besok-oss/om-marinmuseum|title=Om Marinmuseum|website=www.marinmuseum.se|language=sv|access-date=2017-08-04|archive-date=2017-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806181502/http://www.marinmuseum.se/besok-oss/om-marinmuseum|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Naval Museum is Sweden's national museum for the history of the Swedish Navy. Along with exhibitions, the museum contains object collections, a drawings archive, photographic archive and a library. The museum is also involved in research.

The present museum building on Stumholmen in Karlskrona was opened in 1997 by the present king Carl XVI Gustaf. Before that the museum lay in the former cadet barracks in the naval harbour, Örlogshamnen, and until 1963 was known as the Shipyard Museum (Varvsmuseet).

The museum is based on the "model room" created in 1752 by [[Adolf Frederick of Sweden|King Adolf Frederick of Sweden]], in which several boat models were stored in order to test different types of structures.<ref name="marinmuseum">{{cite web|title=About|url=http://www.marinmuseum.se/en/Visit/About-/|website=Marinmuseum|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207191527/http://www.marinmuseum.se/en/Visit/About-/|archive-date=7 December 2010}}.</ref> Nowadays, these models still form the core of the museum's collection, but the museum also traces the history of the Royal Swedish Navy.<ref name="marinmuseum" />

The city is also home to the Blekinge Museum, with {{formatnum: 82443}} visitors in 2008.<ref name="musee">{{cite web|title=Museer & Konsthallar 2008|url=http://www.kulturradet.se/Documents/Bilder/press/museer_konsthallar_2008_final.pdf|website=Kulturrådet|access-date=11 March 2011|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203122122/http://www.kulturradet.se/Documents/Bilder/press/museer_konsthallar_2008_final.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}.</ref>

==Economy==
Some of the biggest employers in Karlskrona are [[Telenor Sverige]], [[Ericsson]], [[NKT A/S]] and [[Roxtec]]. The city has an overall strong presence in information technology based industries.

==Transport==
The city is positioned at the south east corner of Sweden with excellent connections to the other side of the Baltic Sea. There is a ferry line to [[Gdynia]] in Poland transporting both goods and passengers provided by the ferry operator [[Stena Line]].

Most of the islands of Karlskrona are connected by roads. One of the bigger populated islands, [[Aspö, Karlskrona|Aspö]], is connected with a small road ferry. Boats also travel between the archipelago's various islands during the summer months.
<!--the section below is translated from french version-->

=== Truck transport===
The city is close to the European Highway 22, connected by a small section of highway, part of the national road 28. The E22 connects the main cities of southern Sweden such as Malmö, Lund, Kristianstad, then climbs along the east coast towards Kalmar and Norrköping. The national road 28 connects the Karlstad to Emmaboda.

=== Rail transport ===
[[File:Karlskrona järnvägsstation.jpg|thumb|[[Karlskrona Central Station]]]]

As Karlskrona belonged to the most important cities in Sweden in the 19th century, particularly due to its large shipyard, it needed a railway connection.<ref name=jarnvag>{{cite web|title=Emmaboda-Karlskrona|url=http://www.jarnvag.net/index.php/banguide/banor-gotaland/emmaboda-karlskrona|website=Järnväg|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv|archive-date=23 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423144614/http://www.jarnvag.net/index.php/banguide/banor-gotaland/emmaboda-karlskrona|url-status=dead}}.</ref> The city received its first railway line in 1874, connecting it to Växjö, which itself was connected since 1865 to the main line Södra stambanan.<ref name=jarnvag/> The line then came to the north of the city center of Karlskrona. The shipyard, further south, was connected in 1888, thanks to an underground line of 2&nbsp;km, but the line closed in 1990.<ref name=jarnvag/> This line is now part of the Kust till Kust banan, linking Göteborg and Kalmar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kust till kust-banan|url=http://www.trafikverket.se/Privat/Vagar-och-jarnvagar/Sveriges-jarnvagsnat/Kust-till-Kust-banan/|website=Trafikverket|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv}}.</ref> The town received a new railway line in 1889 when the future Blekinge kustbana, linking Kristianstad to Karlskrona, was built.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kristianstad-Karlskrona|url=http://www.jarnvag.net/index.php/banguide/banor-gotaland/kristianstad-karlskrona|website=Järnväg|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv|archive-date=2 August 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802120159/http://www.jarnvag.net/index.php/banguide/banor-gotaland/kristianstad-karlskrona|url-status=dead}}.</ref>

=== Maritime transport ===
There is a regular ferry service from Karlskrona to [[Gdynia]] in [[Poland]], operated by [[Stena Line]], with an average of two return trips per day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tidtabeller Karlskrona - Gdynia|url=http://www.stenaline.se/farja/tider-och-priser/karlskrona-gdynia/|website=Stena Line|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv|archive-date=12 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712151401/http://www.stenaline.se/farja/tider-och-priser/karlskrona-gdynia|url-status=dead}}.</ref> This line carries nearly 500,000 people a year.<ref name=kommunikation>{{cite web|title=Kommunikationer|url=http://www.karlskrona.se/sv/For-dig-som-ar/Nyinflyttad1/Kommunikationer/|website=Karlskrona|access-date=14 March 2011|language=sv|archive-date=15 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515041835/http://www.karlskrona.se/sv/For-dig-som-ar/Nyinflyttad1/Kommunikationer/|url-status=dead}}.</ref> The port of Karlskrona also serves the archipelago of Blekinge.<ref name=kommunikation/>

=== Air transport ===
The nearest airport to the city is Ronneby Airport, near Ronneby, with scheduled flights to Stockholm (Bromma and Arlanda).<ref>{{cite web|title=Destinationer|url=http://www.swedavia.se/sv/Ronneby/Resenar/Destinationer/|website=Swedavia|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308075728/http://www.swedavia.se/sv/Ronneby/Resenar/Destinationer/|archive-date=8 March 2011|language=sv}}.</ref> 191,168 people transited through this airport in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Passagerarfrekvens 2009|url=http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/Global/Luftfart/Statistik/Pax-dec09.pdf?epslanguage=sv|website=Transportstyrelsen|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721193219/http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/Global/Luftfart/Statistik/Pax-dec09.pdf?epslanguage=sv|archive-date=21 July 2011|language=sv}}.</ref>

==Religion==
[[Image:Church of Holy Trinity Karlskrona.jpg|thumb|''Heliga Trefaldighetskyrkan'' (Church of Holy Trinity)]]
There are three important churches in Karlskrona. [[Fredrikskyrkan]] (The Fredrik Church) was designed by [[Nicodemus Tessin the Younger]], who was influenced by Italian architecture. The foundation of that church was laid in 1720, and it was inaugurated in 1744. It differs from usual Swedish churches in its orange color, adornment and its two towers despite not being a bishop's church.

[[Trinity Church (Karlskrona)|Trefaldighetskyrkan]] (Church of Holy Trinity), commonly known as ''Tyska kyrkan'' (The German Church) was built between 1697 and 1709, following Tessin's drawings. It is likewise located at the market square in the centre core. The dome-shaped roof also takes its influence from Italian architecture and is rarely seen on Swedish churches.

[[Karlskrona Admiralty Church|Amiralitetskyrkan]] (Karlskrona Admiralty Church) was built in 1685 in red-painted wood and is one of Sweden's largest wooden churches. Just outside of the church there is a well-known statue called [[Rosenbom]].

===Parishes===
*[[Karlskrona City Parish]] (from 10 August 1680)
*[[Karlskrona German Parish]] (from 10 August 1680 to 1 November 1846)
*[[Karlskrona Prisoner's Parish]] (from 1808 to 4 July 1866)
*[[The Mosaic Parish in Karlskrona]] (1785 to 1994)
*[[Royal Karlskrona Admiralty Parish]] (from 1681, a non-territorial parish)
<!---Source: http://www.rsv.se/folkbokforing/forsamlingar/-->
[[Image:Karlskrona from plane.JPG|thumb|right|Aerial view of Karlskrona]]

There is also a Catholic Church, Our Lady of Fatima, at Södra Kungsgatan 1, 371 30 Karlskrona<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fatimakrona.se/wp/about/ |title=KONTAKT – VÅR FRU AV FATIMA |access-date=2021-09-11 |archive-date=2021-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911160149/http://www.fatimakrona.se/wp/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Blekinge Institute of Technology library - 3.jpg|thumb|The library of Blekinge tekniska högskola]]

The city is the main campus of Blekinge tekniska högskola, an Institute of Technology founded in 1989,<ref name=BTH>{{cite web|title=A short presentation of Blekinge institute of technology|url=http://www.bth.se/eng/Welcome.nsf/pages/322f7280460d6eedc12568f9004328ab!OpenDocument|website=Blekinge tekniska högskola|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227114555/http://bth.se/eng/welcome.nsf/pages/322f7280460d6eedc12568f9004328ab!OpenDocument|archive-date=27 December 2010}}.</ref> which is one of the few ''högskolor'' (university colleges) in Sweden with the right to issue a doctorate,<ref>{{cite web|title=Universitet&högskolor Högskoleverkets årsrapport 2009|url=http://www.hsv.se/download/18.1dbd1f9a120d72e05717ffe2356/0912R.pdf|website=Högskoleverket|access-date=14 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818085419/http://www.hsv.se/download/18.1dbd1f9a120d72e05717ffe2356/0912R.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2010|language=sv}}.</ref> thus having a status quite similar to that of a real university. The institute employs about 600 people and hosts about 8,000 students.<ref name=BTH/>

==Sports==
The following sports clubs are located in Karlskrona:
* [[Karlskrona HK]]
* [[FK Karlskrona]]
* [[Hästö IF]]
* [[Pillagers HC]]
* [[FBC Karlskrona]]
* [[Carlskrona IF]]

== Prominent People from Karlskrona ==

* [[Freddie Stjerna]] - Songwriter, Music Producer 
* [[Lars-Owe Carlberg]] - Film Producer
* [[Bengt Ernryd]] - Jazz Musician & composer
* [[Kerstin Nerbe]] - Conductor
* [[Stig Ahlgren]] - Writer
*[[Juan Flaco|Johannes Braun]] (1799-1859) the [[Paul Revere of California]]
*[[Viktor Balck|Victor Balck]], Father of Swedish Sports, Original member of the [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]
* [[Oliver Ekman-Larsson]], Ice hockey player for the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
* [[Jonathan Ericsson]], Former Ice hockey player for the [[Detroit Red Wings]]

== In literature ==

In ''[[The Surgeon's Mate]]'' by [[Patrick O'Brian]], Karlskrona is the base for the British Baltic fleet, approximately 1813, when the two nations were at peace with each other and allied against Napoleon. Captain Jack Aubrey and Stephen Maturin start an action to free a group of Catalan forces still in French service on a fictional island on the Pomeranian coast. The estimable Vice Admiral [[James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez|Sir James Saumarez]] is still in command of the Baltic fleet for the purpose of the novel.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Stadsbiblioteket Karlskrona.jpg|Karlskrona city public library
File:Museum Lionardo da Vinci Ideale.jpg|Museum Lionardo da Vinci Ideale 
File:Kapellparken in Karlskrona.jpg|Kapellparken
File:Admiralstorn karlskrona väst.jpg|Admiralstorn (bell tower) 
File:Västra kruthuset, Borgmästarfjärden.JPG|Gunpowder House 
File:Gamla mastkranen Karlskrona.JPG|The shipyard Karlskronavarvet with the old crane
File:Fiskbron - Karlskrona.JPG|Fiskbron, the old harbour in centre of karlskrona
File:Bastion Aurora 1.JPG|Bastion Aurora 
File:Varmbadhuset Karlskrona.JPG|Bath-house in Karlskrona
File:Milsten Karlskrona.jpg|Milestone in Karlskrona 
File:Nils holgersson karlskrona.jpg |Nils Holgersson, statue made by Ralf Borselius
File:Hoglands park Karl XIII.jpg|Statue of King Charles XIII 
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Soviet submarine S-363|''U 137'']]
*[[Swedish Coast Guard]]
*[[Workers Front for Indochina]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons-inline}}
{{wikivoyage inline|Karlskrona}}
*[http://www.karlskrona.se/ Karlskrona Municipality - Official site]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/story/gwVx7DdP7TZtUQ Naval Port of Karlskrona] UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080216224440/http://www.jarekmrzyglod.com/index.php/2008/01/14/karlskrona/ Photos from Karlskrona]}}
*{{in lang|sv}} [https://runeberg.org/nfbm/0568.html ''article Karlskrona''] (from online version of [[Nordisk familjebok]])
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Karlskrona|short=x}}

{{Localities in Karlskrona Municipality}}
{{Blekinge County}}{{50 most populous urban areas of Sweden}}{{Swedish Seats}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karlskrona| ]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of Blekinge County]] <!--Standard Category-->
[[Category:County seats in Sweden]]
[[Category:Swedish municipal seats]]
[[Category:Populated places in Karlskrona Municipality]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]]
[[Category:Coastal cities and towns in Sweden]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1680]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of Sweden]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea]]
[[Category:1680 establishments in Sweden]]
[[Category:Cities in Sweden]]