View source for Kavala

{{short description|City in Macedonia, Greece}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name               = Kavala
|name_local         = Καβάλα
|type = municipality
|image_map = 2011 Dimos Kavalas.svg
|image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 |perrow            = 2/2/2/1
 |border            = infobox
 |total_width       = 300
|image1             = Kavala (2).JPG
|image2             =
|image3             = Kavala's statue of Muhammad Ali.jpg
|image4             = Kavala centar.jpg
|image5             = Main memorial monument of Kavala.jpg
|image6             = Kavala Imaret Hotel u. Byzantinische Festung@171023.JPG
|image7             = Port of Kavala.jpg
|color              = white
}}
|caption_skyline    = From top left: View of Kavala promenade, monument of [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]], Tobacco Worker's Square, memorial to the fallen warrior with the city hall in the background, Imaret Hotel and the Kavala Fortress, view of the city's port.
|city_flag          =  
|city_seal          = 
|coordinates        = {{coord|40|56|N|24|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_min      = 0
|elevation_max      = 53
|periph             = [[Eastern Macedonia and Thrace]]
|periphunit         = [[Kavala (regional unit)|Kavala]]
|pop_municipality   = 66376
|area_municipality  = 351.4
|pop_municunit   = 56243
|area_municunit  = 112.6
|pop_community   = 54065
|mayor              = Theodoros Mouriadis<ref name=mayor>{{Cite web |url=https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9012/ |title=Municipality of Kavala, Municipal elections{{snd}}October 2023 |publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Greece)|Ministry of Interior]] |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=23 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223142912/https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9012/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|party              = [[PASOK – Movement for Change|PASOK-KINAL]]
|since              = 2019
|population_as_of   = 2021
|postal_code        = 65x xx
|area_code          = 2510
|licence            = KB
|website            = [http://kavala.gov.gr kavala.gov.gr] 
}}

'''Kavala''' ({{langx|el|Καβάλα}}, ''Kavála'' {{IPA|el|kaˈvala|}}) is a city in northern [[Greece]], the principal [[seaport]] of eastern [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] and the capital of [[Kavala (regional unit)|Kavala regional unit]].

It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of [[Thasos]] and on the [[A2 motorway (Greece)|A2 motorway]], a one-and-a-half-hour drive to [[Thessaloniki]] ({{convert|160|km|0|abbr=off}} west) and a forty-minute drive to [[Drama, Greece|Drama]] ({{convert|37|km|0|abbr=in}} north) and [[Xanthi]] ({{convert|56|km|0|abbr=in}} east). It is also about 150 kilometers west of [[Alexandroupoli]].

Kavala is an important economic centre of Northern Greece, a center of commerce, tourism, fishing and oil-related activities and formerly a thriving trade in tobacco.

== Names ==
Historically the city is known by several names. In antiquity the name of the city was '''Neapolis''' ('new city', like many Greek colonies). In the Early Middle Ages it was renamed to '''Christo(u)polis''' ('city of Christ') and from the 16th century and on to Kavala.

==Etymology==
{{wide image|Kavala, Panorama.jpg|800px|Panorama of the city centre and harbour}}
The etymology of the modern name of the city is disputed. Some mention an ancient Greek settlement of ''Skavala'' near the town.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-17|title=Kavala – Origins of the name|url=http://kavala.pkteam.gr/index.php?page=name|url-status=live|access-date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124533/http://kavala.pkteam.gr/index.php?page=name|archive-date=17 August 2018|language=Greek}}</ref> Others propose that the name is derived from the Italian ''cavallo'' which means horse. The city is situated on the ancient route of [[Via Egnatia]]; hence Cavala designated "the horses" (cavalla) where imperial couriers changed horses.<ref name=":0" /> The French traveller Bellon, who visited Kavala in 1547, mentions a local tradition that the city initially took its name from [[Alexander the Great]], who named it "Bukephala", after the name of his horse Bucephalus.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Another possibility is that "Kavala" is a Turkish name, given by the Turks after they refounded the city at the beginning of the 16th century.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Last but not least, as the [[archaeologist]] Georgios Bakalakis first pointed out, there was a Byzantine fortress named Kavala close to the Byzantine city of Iconium – now [[Konya]] – in Asia Minor.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} When the Ottomans brought Muslim settlers from Iconium to establish in the territory of Kavala at the beginning of the 16th century, these people brought the name of their homeland with them.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Nowadays the city's nickname is "the cyan city" (Η γαλάζια πόλη) and the symbol of the municipality of Kavala is the head of goddess Parthenos, the patron goddess of ancient Neapolis, as depicted in the coinage of the ancient Greek city.

== History ==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2020}}

=== Antiquity ===
[[File:Neapolis silver coins.jpg|thumb|Silver coins of Neapolis,  with depictions of Gorgon and the head of Parthenos, patron deity of ancient Neapolis (465–455 BC)]]
{{main|Neapolis (Macedonia)}}

The city was founded in the late 7th century BC by settlers from [[Thassos]]. It was one of several Thassian colonies along the coastline, all founded in order to take advantage of rich gold and silver mines, especially those located in the nearby Pangaion mountain (which were eventually exploited by [[Phillip II of Macedonia]]).

Worship of Parthenos/Virgin, a female deity of Greek Ionian origin associated with Athena, is archaeologically attested in the Archaic period. At the end of the 6th century BC Neapolis claimed independence from Thassos and began issuing its own silver coins with the [[head of Gorgo]] (γοργὀνειο) on one side. A few decades later a large Ionic temple made from Thassian marble replaced the Archaic one. Parts of it can now be seen in the town's archaeological museum.

In 411 BC, during the [[Peloponnesian War]], Neapolis was besieged by the allied armies of the Spartans and the Thassians but remained faithful to Athens. Two Athenian honorary decrees in 410 and 407 BC rewarded Neapolis for its loyalty.

Neapolis was a town of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], located {{convert|14|km|0|abbr=on}} from the harbour of [[Philippi]]. It was a member of the [[Second Athenian League]]; a pillar found in Athens mentions the contribution of Neapolis to the alliance. 
The town was later conquered by the [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Kingdom of Macedonia]].

=== Roman and Byzantine Era ===
[[File:Kavala_egnatia_2.JPG|thumb|[[Via Egnatia]] in Kavala]]
The military Roman road [[Via Egnatia]] passed through the city and helped commerce to flourish. It became a [[Roman Republic|Roman]] ''[[civitas]]'' in 168 BC, and was a base for [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Brutus]] and [[Gaius Cassius Longinus|Cassius]] in 42 BC, before their defeat in the [[Battle of Philippi]].<ref>[[Appian]], ''B.C.'' iv. 106; [[Dio Cassius|Dion Cass.]] xlvii. 35</ref>

The Apostle [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul]] landed at Neapolis during his first voyage to Europe.<ref>Acts, xvi. 11</ref>[[File:Kavala port.JPG|thumb|left|220px|View of the old town, with the fortress of Kavala in the background]]
[[File:Крепост в Кавала (Кастро).jpg|thumb|The arsenal and the food storage in the castle]]

In the 6th century, [[Byzantine emperor]] [[Justinian I]], an Illyrian from Taor, Dardania (Procopius), fortified the city in an effort to protect it from barbarian raids. In later [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] times the city was called "Christo(u)polis" (Χριστούπολις, "city of Christ") and belonged initially to the [[Theme (Byzantine district)|theme]] of [[Macedonia (theme)|Macedonia]] and later to the Theme of Strymon. The first surviving mention of the new name is in a ''taktikon'' of the early 9th century. The city is also mentioned in the "Life of St. [[Gregory of Dekapolis]]". In the 8th and 9th centuries, [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] attacks forced the Byzantines to reorganise the defence of the area, giving great care to Christoupolis with fortifications and a notable garrison. The city remained under Byzantine control and in 837 Byzantine armed forces from Christoupolis under the command of Caesar Alexius Moselie stopped Bulgarian raids in the plain of Philippoi.

At about 830–840 AD dates a Greek inscription on the walls of a defensive tower of the fortifications of the city, still visible today, and in 926, according to another inscription (nowadays in the archaeological museum of Kavala), the General of the Theme of Strymon Vasilios Klaudon, restored the "fallen and damaged" defensive walls.

In the mid of the 12th century the Arab geographer [[Muhammad al-Idrisi|Edrisi]] visited Christoupolis and described it as a well fortified city and a center of sea trade. According to another inscription, also nowadays in the archaeological museum of Kavala, the Normans probably burnt the city in 1185, after they captured first Thessaloniki. Some years later, the city fell to the hands of the Lombards, after the Fourth Crusade and was liberated again by the leader of the state of Epirus, Theodorus Komnenos, in 1225. 
 
[[File:Greek - byzantine - inscription from Christoupolis, 830 - 840 A.D..jpg|thumb|Byzantine inscription from a tower of Christoupolis, 830–840 AD]]

In 1302, the [[Catalan Company|Catalans]] failed to capture the city. In order to prevent them from coming back, the Byzantine emperor [[Andronikos III Palaiologos]] built a new long defensive wall. In 1357 two Byzantine officers and brothers, Alexios and John, controlled the city and its territory. Excavations have revealed the ruins of an early Byzantine basilica under an Ottoman mosque in the Old Town. It was used until the late Byzantine era.

=== Ottoman Era ===
{{further|Ottoman Greece|Sanjak of Kavala}}
[[File:Kavala, Mohammed Ali House.JPG|thumb|Residence of [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]]]]

The [[Ottoman Empire]] first captured the city in 1387. Kavala remained a part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] until 1912. In 1519 ([[Hijri year|Hijri]] 925) the town was directly owned by the Sultan as a [[Hass (Ottoman)|hass]], and had 22 Muslim and 61 Christian households.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=GÖKBİLGİN |first=M. TAYYİB |date=1956 |title=KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI |url=https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin-pdf/1214/tur |journal=Belleten |volume=20 |issue=78 |page=265 |issn=0041-4255 |eissn=2791-6472 }}</ref> In the 16th century, [[Pargalı İbrahim Pasha|Ibrahim Pasha]], [[Grand Vizier]] of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], contributed to the town's prosperity and growth by reconstructing the late Roman (1st – 6th century AD) [[Kavala aqueduct|aqueduct]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kiel |first=Machiel |year=1971 |title=Observations on the History of Northern Greece during the Turkish Rule: Historical and Architectural Description of the Turkish Monuments of Komotini and Serres, their place in the Development of Ottoman Turkish Architecture and their Present Condition |journal=Balkan Studies |volume=12 |page=416}}, Michalis Lychounas, The Medieval Aqueduct of Kavala, Ministry of Culture – 12th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, Greece, Greek text with an English summary, Kavala, 2008, pp. 49–62</ref> The Ottomans also extended the [[Byzantine]] fortress on the hill of ''Panagia''. Both landmarks are among the most recognizable symbols of the city today.

[[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]], the founder of a [[Muhammad Ali Dynasty|dynasty]] that ruled [[Egypt]], moved with his family from [[Ottoman Albania|Albania]] to Kavala in the [[Rumelia Eyalet]] when he was young. His father, an [[Albanians|Albanian]] tobacco and shipping merchant, served as an Ottoman commander of a small unit in Kavala. Muhammad Ali emerged as an Ottoman commander in this city before establishing his dynasty in Egypt. His house has been preserved as a museum.

=== 20th century ===
[[File:Kavala, postcard, 1942.jpg|thumb|left|Kavala in 1942]]
[[File:Vasileios Hatzis - Landing of Greek troops at Kavala.jpg|thumb|''The landing of Greek troops in Kavala'' by [[Vasileios Hatzis]]]]
[[File:Kavala (17).JPG|thumb|View of the marina at the seafront]]
[[File:Kavala centar.jpg|thumb|Central part of the city, Kapnergati Square]]

Kavala was captured by the [[Bulgarian Army]] in the [[First Balkan War]] and then captured again by the [[Greek Navy]] during the [[Second Balkan War]] and was incorporated into Greece with the Treaty of Bucharest. In August 1916 remnants of the [[IV Army Corps (Greece)|IV Army Corps]], stationed at Kavala under [[Ioannis Hatzopoulos]] surrendered to the advancing [[Bulgarian Armed Forces|Bulgarian army]]. These events provoked a military revolt in [[Thessaloniki]], which led to the establishment of the [[Provisional Government of National Defence]], and eventually Greece's entry into the [[First World War]].{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

The Bulgarian occupation of the city lasted from August 1916 until September 1918. Hundreds of victims and eye-witnesses testified about the Bulgarian atrocities in the post-war inter-Allied interrogatory committee, which finally gave its report on 21 April 1919, after ''[[in situ]]'' examination of the circumstances.<ref>Roudometof Nikolaos (ed.), ''Notebooks of Bulgarian Occupation. Eastern Macedonia 1916–1918. v. 1, Kavala – Chrisoupoli – Eleutheroupoli'', Kavala: Historical & Literary Archive of Kavala (in Greek), pp. 15–43, 132–133. See also Spyridon Sfetas, ''Aspects of Bulgarian Occupation in Eastern Macedonia, 1916–1918'', Epikendro Publications, Thessaloniki, 2020, (in Greek) pp. 142–159.</ref>

After the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922]], the city entered a new era of prosperity because of the labor offered by the thousands of refugees that moved to the area from [[Anatolia]]. The development was both industrial and agricultural. Kavala became greatly involved and developed further in the processing and trading of tobacco. Many buildings related to the storage and processing of tobacco from that era are preserved in the city. During the [[Interwar period]] and the [[Second Hellenic Republic]], Kavala was the 4th largest city in Greece (after Athens, Thessaloniki, and Patras). In 1934 [[Dimitrios Partsalidis]] was elected mayor of Kavala, the first communist mayor in modern Greek history. The city gained temporarily by the Press, the nickname "Little Moscow".{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

During the [[Second World War]] and after the [[Battle of Greece]], Bulgaria occupied the city again, following the German invasion (April 1941). During the Bulgarian occupation (1941–1944), almost the entire [[History of the Jews in Greece|Jewish community]] of the city was deported, turned over to German authorities and exterminated in the [[Treblinka]] death camp as part of the [[The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece|Holocaust]].{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

Following the years after the [[World War II|Second World War]], the city faced economic decline and emigration.

In the late 1950s, Kavala expanded towards the sea by [[Land reclamation|reclaiming land]] from the area west of the port.

In 1967, King [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]] left Athens for Kavala in an unsuccessful attempt to launch a counter-coup against the [[Greek military junta of 1967–1974|military junta]].

===21st century===
On July 16, 2022, [[Meridian Flight 3032]] crashed nearby. The [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]]-registered [[List of Antonov An-12 variants|Antonov An-12BK]] was carrying 11.5 tons of ammunition from [[Niš]] to [[Dhaka]] when the plane began to lose altitude over the Aegean and turned around, but went down 35 kilometers west of Kavala Airport. All 8 crew members were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-12BK UR-CIC Kavala |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220716-0 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>

== Historical population ==

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Year !! Town !! Municipal unit !! Municipality 
|-
| 1961 || 44,517 || 44,978 || –
|-
| 1971 || 46,234 || 46,887 || –
|-
| 1981 || 56,375 || 56,705 || –
|-
| 1991 || 56,571 || 58,025 || – 
|-
| 2001 || 58,663 || 63,293 || –
|-
| 2011 || 54,027 || 58,790 || 70,501
|-
| 2021 || 51,947 || 56,243 || 66,376
|}

== Administration ==
[[File:Dimos Kavalas Enotites.png|thumb|320px|Municipal units (former municipalities):{{legend|red|[[#Municipal unit of Kavala|Kavala]]}}{{legend|blue|[[#Municipal unit of Filippoi|Filippoi]]}}]]
[[File:Kavala Town Hall.jpg|thumb|The city hall, old mansion of tobacco trader Herzog]]

=== Municipality ===

The municipality of Kavala was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the two former municipalities, which became municipal units:<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.|title=ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text|language=el|publisher=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]]}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Municipal unit !! Population (2011)<ref name=census11>{{cite web | url = http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1210503/resident_population_census2011rev.xls | title = Απογραφή Πληθυσμού – Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός | publisher = Hellenic Statistical Authority | language = el }}</ref>
!Population (2021)<ref name=":1" />!! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name=stat01/> 
|-

| Kavala || align=right | 58,790 
|56,243|| 112.599
|-
| [[Filippoi]] || align=right | 11,711 
|10,133|| 238.751 
|}

The municipality has an area of {{convert|351.35|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}}.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2015 }}</ref> The population of the new municipality was 70,501 in 2011. Based on the 2021 census<ref name=":1">[https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/17286366/APOF_APOT_MON_DHM_KOIN.pdf/41ae8e6c-5860-b58e-84f7-b64f9bc53ec4 Απογραφή πληθυσμου 2021]</ref> the population is 66,376 . The seat of the municipality is in Kavala.
Some of the most important communities inside new municipality are:

{| class=wikitable
|-
! Community !! Population <!-- !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) --> 
|-
| '''Kavala''' || align=right | 56,371 <!-- || align=right | --> 
|-
| [[Krinides]] || align=right | 3,365 <!-- || --> 
|-
| Amygdaleonas || align=right | 2,724 <!-- || --> 
|-
| [[Nea Karvali]] || align=right | 2,225 <!-- || --> 
|-
| [[Zygos]] || align=right | 2,057 <!-- || --> 
|}

===Subdivisions (districts)===

Kavala is built amphitheatrically, with most residents enjoying superb views of the coast and sea. Some of the areas inside Kavala are: 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Agia Varvara
| Agios Athanasios
| Agios Ioannis
| Agios Loukas
| Chilia
|-
| Dexameni
| Kalamitsa
| Kentro (Centre)
| Neapolis
| Panagia 
|-
| Perigiali 
| Potamoudia 
| Profitis Ilias
| Timios Stavros
| Vyronas
|}

=== Main streets ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
*Poulidou Street
*Ethikis Antistaseos Avenue
*Omonoias Street
*Pipinou
*Katsoni
*Votsi
*Kimonos
*Dragoumi
*Drakontos
{{col-2}}
*Viktoros Hugo
*Konstantinidi
*Komninon
*Kountourioti
*Ermionis
*Filikis Eterias
*Venizelou
*Anthemiou
{{col-end}}

== International relations ==
=== Twin towns – sister cities ===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}

Kavala is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gabrovo, Bulgaria]] (1975)
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Varna, Bulgaria]] 
*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Gradiška]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1994)<ref>{{cite web |title=Побратимски градови|url=http://www.gradgradiska.com/medjunarodna-saradnja/|website=gradgradiska.com|publisher=Gradiška|language=sr|date=2021-04-24|access-date=2021-04-24}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Nuremberg]], [[Germany]] (1998)
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Durham, North Carolina]], US (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sistercities-durham.com/kavala-greece|title = Kavala, Greece}}</ref>
|}

=== Partnerships ===

{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Agadir]], [[Morocco]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Martuni, Armenia]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Termini Imerese]], [[Italy]] (2001)
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Tekirdağ]], [[Turkey]] (2003)
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Gotse Delchev (town)|Gotse Delchev]], [[Bulgaria]] (2003)
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Vranje]], [[Serbia]] (2009)
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nevsky District]] of [[St. Petersburg]], [[Russia]] (2016)
|}

=== Province ===

The province of Kavala ({{langx|el|Επαρχία Καβάλας}}) was one of the [[provinces of Greece|provinces]] of the Kavala Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Kavala, and part of the municipal unit [[Eleftheroupoli]].<ref name=census91>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf |title=Detailed census results 1991 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183824/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00086.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 }}&nbsp;{{small|(39&nbsp;MB)}} {{in lang|el|fr}}</ref> It was abolished in 2006.

== Economy ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Kavala-oil.jpg|thumb|[[Prinos oil field]]]]
Traditionally the primary occupation of the population of Kavala was fishing. The fishermen of the town were well known all over northern Greece.

After the country's industrialization, Kavala also became a center of the [[tobacco industry]] in northern Greece. The building of the Municipal Tobacco Warehouse (1910) still stands today.

[[Oil field|Oil deposits]] were found outside the city in the 1970s and are currently being exploited by two [[Oil platform|oil rigs]] (Prinos and Epsilon).

== Climate ==
Kavala has a [[hot-summer mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Csa'') that borders on both a [[semi-arid climate]] in the city's airport area and a [[humid subtropical climate]] in the city center ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSk, Cfa'') with annual average precipitation of {{convert|466.2|mm|1|abbr=on}} falling in the airport of [[Chrysoupoli]]. Snowfalls are sporadic, but happen more or less every year. The humidity is always moderate to high.

The absolute maximum temperature ever recorded was {{convert|38.0|°C|0|abbr=on}}, while the absolute minimum ever recorded was {{convert|-8.0|°C|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Kavala_Chryssoupoli |title=EMY-Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία |publisher=Hnms.gr |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127074055/http://hnms.gr/hnms/greek/climatology/climatology_region_diagrams_html?dr_city=Kavala_Chryssoupoli |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Weather box
| location = Kavala Weather Station 2006–2018
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 9.7
| Feb high C = 10.9
| Mar high C = 13.7
| Apr high C = 18.0
| May high C = 22.9
| Jun high C = 27.3
| Jul high C = 30.1
| Aug high C = 30.6
| Sep high C = 25.6
| Oct high C = 19.9
| Nov high C = 15.7
| Dec high C = 11.3
| year high C = 19.6
| Jan mean C = 6.8
| Feb mean C = 7.9
| Mar mean C = 10.5
| Apr mean C = 14.6
| May mean C = 19.4
| Jun mean C = 23.8
| Jul mean C = 26.6
| Aug mean C = 27.1
| Sep mean C = 22.2
| Oct mean C = 16.7
| Nov mean C = 12.7
| Dec mean C = 8.4
| year mean C = 16.4
| Jan low C = 4.2
| Feb low C = 5.5
| Mar low C = 7.8
| Apr low C = 11.6
| May low C = 16.3
| Jun low C = 20.5
| Jul low C = 23.1
| Aug low C = 23.7
| Sep low C = 19.1
| Oct low C = 14.0
| Nov low C = 10.1
| Dec low C = 5.7
| year low C = 13.5
| Jan precipitation mm = 57.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 65.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 68.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 37.8
| May precipitation mm = 48.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 51.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 25.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 21.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 49.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 64.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 48.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 62.0
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan precipitation days = 9.2
| Feb precipitation days = 9.1
| Mar precipitation days = 11.6
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| May precipitation days = 8.5
| Jun precipitation days = 7.7
| Jul precipitation days = 4.2
| Aug precipitation days = 2.8
| Sep precipitation days = 5.4
| Oct precipitation days = 7.4
| Nov precipitation days = 7.9
| Dec precipitation days = 9.3
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan humidity = 64.9
| Feb humidity = 65.0
| Mar humidity = 66.6
| Apr humidity = 65.8
| May humidity = 67.8
| Jun humidity = 67.8
| Jul humidity = 68.4
| Aug humidity = 68.8
| Sep humidity = 67.7
| Oct humidity = 65.8
| Nov humidity = 66.1
| Dec humidity = 67.7
| year humidity = 66.9
| source 1 = meteokav.gr [https://www.meteokav.gr/weather/]
| date = August 2018
}}

{{Weather box
| location = Kavala, "Alexander the Great" airport near [[Chrysoupoli]]
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 9.5
| Feb high C = 10.3
| Mar high C = 12.9
| Apr high C = 17.5
| May high C = 22.8
| Jun high C = 27.4
| Jul high C = 30.1
| Aug high C = 30.2
| Sep high C = 25.7
| Oct high C = 20.4
| Nov high C = 15
| Dec high C = 10.6
| Jan low C = 1.8
| Feb low C = 2.1
| Mar low C = 4.7
| Apr low C = 8.8
| May low C = 13.4
| Jun low C = 17.3
| Jul low C = 19.5
| Aug low C = 19.2
| Sep low C = 15.2
| Oct low C = 11
| Nov low C = 6.9
| Dec low C = 3.3
| Jan precipitation mm = 41.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 49.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 36.6
| Apr precipitation mm = 33.2
| May precipitation mm = 30.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 26.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 22.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 17
| Sep precipitation mm = 24.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 44.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 62.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 78.4
| source = http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=East%20Macedonia%20and%20Thrace&poli=Kavala_Chryssoupoli (1985-2010 averages)
}}{{wide image|Μεσαιωνικό υδραγωγείο Καμάρες Καβάλας (photosiotas).jpg|350px|Kavala's overview with the [[Aqueduct of Kavala|aqueduct]].}}

== Education and research ==
[[File:TEIPanoramic.jpg|thumb|The International Hellenic University (panoramic view)]]

* The International Hellenic University (IHU; Greek: Διεθνές Πανεπιστήμιο της Ελλάδος) has five departments in Kavala (Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry, Management Science and Technology, Accounting and Information Systems). The campus of the institute located in St. Lukas, Kavala and is approximately 132,000 m<sup>2</sup> with buildings covering an area of 36,000 m<sup>2</sup>.
* MSc in Management and Information Systems<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mais.teikav.edu.gr/ |title=MSc in Management and Information Systems |access-date=29 September 2015 |archive-date=2 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302111539/http://mais.teikav.edu.gr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Fisheries Research Institute (FRI)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fishri.gr/site/ |title=Ινστιτούτο Αλιευτικής Έρευνας |access-date=2011-05-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315181328/http://www.fishri.gr/site/ |archive-date=15 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> is one of the five specialized research institutes of N.AG.RE.F, being responsible to conduct research and to promote technological development in the fishery sector. The institute is located {{convert|17|km|0|abbr=on}} from Kavala, in [[Nea Peramos, Kavala|Nea Peramos]], at the center of a marine area with rich fishery grounds and high biodiversity in the surrounding lagoons, lakes, and rivers.
* Institute of Mohamed Ali for the Research of the Eastern Tradition (IMARET)<ref name="mohamed-ali.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.mohamed-ali.org/ |title=Home |website=mohamed-ali.org |access-date=28 April 2011 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713112015/http://www.mohamed-ali.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a registered NGO with the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was established by concerned citizens in Kavala. Its aims include the study of the Egyptian influence in Greece and vice versa. The intra-cultural exchange and dialogue, as well as the promotion of art as a means of intra-cultural understanding. The first major co-operation partner is Cultnat of Bibliotheca Alexandrina with the aim of documenting and digitizing the architectural heritage of the Mohamed Ali era in [[Egypt]] and Greece. The most important event that takes place every year at the institute is the International Roman Law Moot Court Competition.
* Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ilak.org/en/ |title=Historical & Literary Archives of Kavala |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-date=24 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124181955/http://www.ilak.org/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> is a non-profiteering, public utility foundation. Its foundation was not subsidized by the Greek State, either by any other enterprise of the private sector. Its operational cost is covered only by its founders and by infrequent aids of the local self-government.
* Egnatia Aviation<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egnatia-aviation.com/index.htm|title=Egnatia Aviation|access-date=24 May 2011|archive-date=15 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415003149/http://www.egnatia-aviation.com/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a private training college for pilots that started training in Greece in July 2006. The facilities of Egnatia Aviation are mostly located in the former passengers' terminal of the [[Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great"]].

== Culture ==

=== Festivals and events ===
[[File:Kavala AirSea Show 2014 IMG 0019.jpg|thumb|[[Kavala AirSea Show]]]]
[[File:Kastro, Kavala.jpg|thumb|[[Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic|Social distancing measures]] on the castle]]
Kavala hosts a wide array of cultural events, which mostly take place during the summer months. One of the top festivals is the Festival of [[Philippi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philippifestival.gr/banner2011.html |title=Διεθνές φεστιβάλ φιλίππων |access-date=2011-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514225433/http://www.philippifestival.gr/banner2011.html |archive-date=14 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> which lasts from July to September and includes theatrical performances and music concerts. Since 1957, it has been the city's most important cultural event and one of the most important of Greece.

[[Kavala AirSea Show]]<ref>[http://www.kavala-airshow.com/ Kavala AirSea Show]</ref> is also an annual air show held in late June.

"Cosmopolis" is an international festival held in the Old Town of Kavala that offers an acquaintance with cultures around the world through dancing and musical groups, traditional national cuisines, cinema, and exhibits at the kiosks of participant countries. The first festival took place in 2000, and from 2002 until 2009 was organized annually. It was revived in 2016 with a participation of 250 artists and musicians from all over the world.<ref>[http://www.kavala-cosmopolis.com/history/?lang=en Official website]</ref>

[[Yiannis Papaioannou]]'s Festival includes concerts and music seminars.<ref>{{in lang|el}} [http://www.dok.gr/festival/index.html Φεστιβάλ κλασικής μουσικής «Γ. Α. Παπαϊωάννου»] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604040832/http://dok.gr/festival/index.html |date=4 June 2017 }}</ref>

"Ilios kai Petra" (Sun and Stone) (July) is a festival held in "Akontisma" of Nea Karvali. The event is of folkloric character, with the participation of traditional dancing groups from all over the world.

Wood Water Wild Festival<ref>[http://www.woodwaterwild.gr/ Wood Water Wild Festival]</ref> is an outdoor activities festival, inspired by nature. It includes live bands and DJ sets, body&mind activities, a book fair, outdoor theatre, ecology, camping, and debates.

Various cultural events are held in all municipalities of Kavala during the summer months.

===In popular culture===
*In 1934 [[Dimitrios Partsalidis|Mitsos Partsalidis]] was elected mayor of Kavala, the first communist mayor in modern Greek history. The city gained temporarily by the press, the nickname "little Moscow".
*Among movies shot in the city is ''[[Topkapi (film)|Topkapi]]'' (1964), partially shot in Kavala.

=== Cuisine ===
{{see also|Macedonian cuisine (Greek)}}

Fish and seafood, as well as the products of the local livestock breeding and agricultural sectors, are the prevailing elements of Kavala cuisine. In Kavala, the traditional local recipes have been also influenced by the cuisine of the refugees from Pontus and Asia Minor.

Fresh fish and seafood, especially [[sardines]], [[shrimp]] salad (''garidosalata''), mackerel "goúna" (sun-dried mackerel on the grill), kavouropilafo, mussels with rice, herring saganáki, anchovies wrapped in grape leaves, stuffed eggplants and from meat plates, lamb with spinach, are some renowned recipes in Kavala and the coastal settlements of the region. The grapes, [[Greek wine|wine]], and [[tsipouro]] produced in the area, as well as the [[kourabiedes]] (sugar-coated almond biscuits) from Nea Karvali, are particularly famous.

== Transport ==
[[File:Alexander The Great Airport (2).jpg|thumb|Outside the airport ''Megas Alexandros'']]

=== Highway network ===

[[European route E90]] runs through the city and connects Kavala with the other cities. The Egnatia Odos ([[A2 motorway (Greece)|A2 motorway]]) lies north of the city. One can enter the city from one of two junctions: Kavala West and Kavala East. Kavala has regular connection with Interregional Bus Lines (KTEL) from and to Thessaloniki and Athens.

=== Airport ===

The [[Kavala International Airport "Alexander the Great"]] ({{convert|27|km|0|abbr=on}} from Kavala) is connected with Athens by regularly scheduled flights and with many European cities by scheduled and charter flights.

=== Port ===

Kavala is connected with all the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea with frequent itineraries of various ferry lines.

=== Bus ===

The city is connected with all of the large Greek cities such as Thessaloniki and Athens. All of the local villages are also connected via bus lines. The cost of tickets is very cheap. There is also a shuttle bus in Kavala with these lines:
* Vironas – Kallithea
* Dexameni
* Cemetery
* Kipoupoli – Technological Institute
* Agios Loukas
* Profitis Ilias
* Stadium
* Kalamitsa – Batis (only in summer)
* Agios Konstantinos
* Neapoli
* Hospital – Perigiali

===Rail===
Kavala is not currently connected to the Greek rail network. However, plans exist to build a new [[Thessaloniki]]–[[Xanthi]] rail line via Kavala, as part of the [[Egnatia Railway]] corridor, at a cost of €1.25 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tornosnews.gr/en/transport/35936-new-railway-line-thessaloniki-kavala-xanthi-in-northern-greece-to-cost-e1-25-billion.html|title=New railway line Thessaloniki-Kavala-Xanthi in northern Greece to cost €1.25 billion|website=Tornos News|date=14 June 2019|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> In 2019, [[Hellenic Railways Organisation]] awarded the contract to build the initial  {{convert|31.8|km|abbr=on}} section between Xanthi and Kavala at a cost of €250 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railjournal.com/infrastructure/design-contract-awarded-for-new-line-in-greece/|title=Design contract awarded for new line in Greece|website=International Railway Journal|date=9 October 2019|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>

===Trails===
The Kavala Water Trail is a hiking trail that connects the village of Palaia Kavala with the Agios Konstantinos neighborhood of Kavala.<ref>{{cite web|title=Water Trail Path|website=Limen Project|date=2015-05-14|url=https://www.limenproject.net/kavala/nature/water-trail-path/|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kavala – Water Trail|author=Geopsis Maps & Guides of Greece|website=Avenza Maps|date=2014-01-12|url=https://www.avenzamaps.com/maps/88284/kavala-water-trail|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>

== Sports ==
[[File:Stadio-Anthi-Karagianni.jpg|thumb|Municipal stadium ''Anthi Karagianni'']]

* [[Kavala F.C.]]: AO Kavala ([[Greek (language)|Greek]]: Athlitikos Omilos ''Kavala'', Αθλητικός Όμιλος ''Καβάλα''), the ''Athletic Club Kavala'', is a professional association football club based in Kavala. The club plays in the municipal [[Kavala Stadium]] "Anthi Karagianni".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stadia.gr/kavala/kavala-gr.html| title=Anthi Karagianni Stadium}}</ref>
* [[Kavala B.C.]]: Enosi Kalathosfairisis Kavalas ''({{langx|el|Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας – Basketball Union of Kavala}})'' is a Greek professional basketball club in Kavala. The club is also known as E.K. Kavalas. The club's full Greek name is Ένωση Καλαθοσφαίρισης Καβάλας (Kavala Basketball Union or Kavala Basketball Association). The club competes in the [[A1 Ethniki|Greek League]].
* [[Kavala '86]]: a women's football club, founded in 1986, with panhellenic titles in Greek women football
* Kavala Chess Club:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chesskavala.gr/ |title=Home |website=chesskavala.gr}}</ref> [[Chess]] is very popular in Kavala and the local chess club ranks top in Greece, enjoying plenty of success both domestically and internationally. The highlight is the club's annual International Open, which takes place every August in Kavala and attracts the biggest names in chess from all over the globe.
* Nautical Club of Kavala (1945, Ναυτικός Ομιλος Καβάλας, ΝΟΚ): maritime sports (swimming, yachting, water polo)
* Kavala Table Tennis Club (ΑΣΕΑ Καβάλας): [[table tennis]]
* Kavala Titans (2009, Τιτάνες Καβάλας): [[rugby union]]/[[rugby league]]

== Ecclesiastical history ==
{{main|Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos}}
[[File:Saint Paul Church, Kavala.jpg|thumb|200px|Saint Paul church, patron saint]]
[[File:St John the Baptist Kavala 04.jpg|thumb|200px|St John the Baptist]]
[[File:Kavala Lazarist Monastery Facade.jpg|thumb|160px|Lazarist Monastery]]

'''Neapolis''' was important enough in the Late [[Roman province]] of [[Macedonia Prima]] to be a [[suffragan]] of its capital [[Philippi]]'s Metropolitan Archbishopric into the frames of the Greek – Christian eastern church. In the 8th century A.D. refers for the first time a bishopric of Christoupolis and later, between 886 – 912, during the reign of the emperor Leo the Wise, Christoupolis is mentioned as one of the six bishoprics of the metropolis of Philippi. Only later, in 1260, Christoupolis became a metropolis itself. 
After the liberation of the city of Kavala by the Greek army during the [[Balkan Wars]], the local church was re-established under the official title "Metropolis of Philippi, Neapolis and Thasos" till nowadays. Metropolis of Kavala established a conference center dedicated to Saint Paul, in the village of Lydia, near the spot where, according to tradition, Paul baptized saint Lydia, in the river Zygaktis. In the same spot, Metropolis established a unique open-air baptistery as well as a unique octagonal baptistery, with mosaic and stained glass decoration, the only such temple in Greece.

=== Titular see ===
The diocese of Christopolis was nominally restored in 1933 as a Latin Catholic [[titular bishopric]]. There is also a Catholic church in the city ("Saint Paul", in the building of the old Lazarist monastery).

It is vacant, having had the following, far from consecutive, incumbents of the lowest (episcopal) rank, ''except the latest (archiepiscopal, intermediary rank)'':
* Jean Isembert, [[Dominican Order]] (O.P.) (1450.05.11 – 1465.09.08)
* Jaime Perez de Valencia, [[Augustinian Order]] (O.E.S.A.) (1468.10.01 – 1490.08.03)
* Ausiás Carbonell, O.P. (1509.04.16 – 1532.12.09)
* Enrique Rutil (1525.11.10 – ?)
* [[Bishop-elect]] Francisco de Jaén (1530.12.05 – ?)
* Francisco Estaña (1534.12.16 – 1549.06.23)
* Gian Antonio Fassano (1544.06.04 – 1568.09.10)
* Juan Segría (1547.11.28 – 1568.07.23) as Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia in Spain|Valencia]] (Spain) (1547.11.28 – 1568.07.23); later Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sassari|Sassari]] (Sardinia, Italy) (1568.07.23 – death 1569.09.26), Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Palermo|Palermo]] (Sicily, Italy) (1569.09.26 – 1569 not possessed)
* Pedro Coderos (1570.02.20 – 1579.10.21) as Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia in Spain|Valencia]] (Spain) (1570.02.20 – 1579.10.21); later Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Otranto|Otranto]] (Italy) (1579.10.21 – 1585)
* Marcin Szyszkowski (1603.11.24 – 1604.06)
* Ludovico de Taragni, [[Benedictine Order]] (O.S.B.) (1612.03.21 – ?)
* Michael Chumer, [[Friars Minor]] (O.F.M.) (1639.10.03 – 1651.06.30)
* Maxime Tessier (1951.05.28 – 1955.05.08)
* Otto Spülbeck (1955.06.28 – 1958.06.23)
* Michael William Hyle (1958.07.03 – 1960.03.02)
* Titular Archbishop [[Sante Portalupi]] (1961.10.14 – 1984.03.31), papal diplomat

== Media ==
*TV: [[ENA Channel]], [[Center TV]]
*Newspapers: ''[[Proini]]'', ''[[Kavala (newspaper)]]'', ''Chronometro''
*Online: [https://kavala.com Kavala.com]

== Postage stamps ==
[[File:Cavalla rare blue cancellation.jpg|thumb|right|120px|Austrian Levant stamp with blue Cavalla cancellation<ref>Die Poststempel auf der Freimarken-Ausgabe 1867 von Österreich und Ungarn, Edwin Mueller, 1930, # 6814</ref>]]

Austria opened a post office in Kavala before 1864.<ref>Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961, p.215</ref> Between 1893 and 1903, the French post office in the city issued its own postage stamps; at first stamps of France [[overprint]]ed with "Cavalle" and a value in [[piaster]]s, then in 1902 the French designs inscribed "CAVALLE".

==Consulates==
In the past the city hosted consulates from different European countries. Currently hosts [[consulates]] from the following countries:

*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Diplomatic missions of Italy|Italy]]

== Notable figures ==
[[File:Schortsanitis warming up in 2011.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Sofoklis Schortsanitis]]]]
[[File:Basilis Basilikos.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Vassilis Vassilikos]]]]
[[File:Theodoros Zagorakis.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Theodoros Zagorakis]]]]
* {{ill|Ilarion Karatzoglou|el|Ιλαρίων Καρατζόγλου}}, Greek rebel in the [[Greek War of Independence|Greek Revolution]] (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire
* [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha of Kavala]], the [[Albanians|Albanian]] [[Wali (administrative title)|Wali]] (governor) of [[Egypt]] between 1805 and 1848 and founder of the modern state of Egypt
* [[Mohamed Sherif Pasha]], Prime Minister of Egypt
* [[Tryfon Alexiadis]], politician
* [[Evangelia Balta]], historian
* [[Christos Batzios]], actor and filmmaker
* [[Anna-Maria Botsari]], chess player
* [[Vassilis Daniil]], football coach
* [[Pavlos Dermitzakis]], football coach
* [[Periklis Drakos]], Greek chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle and Balkan Wars
* [[Nasos Galakteros]], basketball player
* [[Georgios Georgiadis (footballer, born 1972)|Giorgos Georgiadis]], footballer
* [[Anna Gerasimou]], tennis player
* [[Nikos Karageorgiou]] (born 1962), football manager
* [[Anthi Karagianni]], silver medalist in the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games; the city's Municipal stadium is named after her
* [[Theodore Kavalliotis]], Greek Orthodox priest, teacher and a figure of the Greek Enlightenment
* [[Vasilis Karras]], singer
* [[Kostas Mitroglou]], footballer
* [[Leontios Petmezas]], theorist, art historian, book critic, author and journalist
* [[Yiannis Papaioannou]], composer
* [[Dimitris Paridis]], footballer
* [[Dimitrios Partsalidis|Mitsos Partsalidis]], first elected communist mayor in modern Greek history, on 1 April 1934
* [[Betty Robbins]], cantor
* [[Sofoklis Schortsanitis]], basketball player
* [[Giannis Stoforidis]], kickboxer
* [[Christos Terzanidis]], footballer
* [[Lefteris Topalidis]], footballer
* [[Antigone Valakou]], actress
* [[Despina Vandi]], singer
* [[Anna Verouli]], 1982 Gold Medalist, European Championship, javelin thrower
* [[Vassilis Vassilikos]], writer and diplomat
* [[Zisis Vryzas]] (born 1973), former footballer
* [[Theodoros Zagorakis]] (born 27 October 1971), former footballer, captain of national team of Greece, European Champions 2004
* [[Damianos Zarifis]], scenic and costume designer
* [[FORG1VEN]], professional League of Legends player
* [[Chris Pantazidis]], footballer

== Gallery ==
<gallery class="center">
File:Macedonian Museums-29-Arx Kavalas-488.jpg|Α painted cist grave votive funerary banquet, 4th century BC ([[Archaeological Museum of Kavala]]) 
File:View of Kavala from the ancient Via Egnatia.jpg|view of Kavala from the ancient Via Egnatia
File:Καβάλα - Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας και Θράκης - panoramio (23).jpg|Statue of [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]], donation of Egypt (sculpt. [[Konstantinos Dimitriadis]])
File:Alexander the Great monument Kavala.jpg|Alexander the Great monument
file:Ilarion Karatzoglou bust.jpg|Bust of Ilarion Karatzoglou
File:Konstantinos Kanaris Kavala Bust.jpg|Bust of Konstantinos Kanaris
File:Καμάρες.jpg|Panoramic view
File:Καβάλα - Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας και Θράκης - panoramio.jpg|View of the [[Kavala aqueduct]]
File:Kavala old town .jpg|Kavala old town
File:Kavala old town, view from the castle.jpg|Kavala old town, view from the castle
File:Municipal Tobacco Warehouse - Kavala.jpg|Municipal Tobacco Warehouse (1910, arch. [[Eli Modiano]]) in Kapnergati Square
File:Macedonian Museums-31-Dimotiko Kavalas-137.jpg|[[Kavala Municipal Museum]]
File:Chamber of Commerce - Kavala.jpg|Chamber of Commerce
File:Greek community club - Kavala.jpg|''Megali Leschi'' (1909)
File:Main memorial monument of Kavala.jpg|main memorial monument of Kavala
File:20160513 136 kavala.jpg|Katsoni Street at the old town
File:Kavala holocaust memorial.jpg|Holocaust memorial
File:Имарет в Кавала.jpg|[[Imaret (Kavala)|Imaret hotel]]
File:Kalamitsa beach Kavala.jpg|kalamitsa beach
File:Kalamitsa beach, Kavala.jpg|Kalamitsa beach of Kavala
File:Natatoriumkav.jpg|Municipal swimming pool
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[List of settlements in the Kavala regional unit]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Attribution===
* {{SmithDGRG|volume=2|page=411|title=Neapolis I 5|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=neapolis-geo}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* Koukouli-Chrisanthaki Chaido, Kavala. Αrchaeological Museum of Kavala, Kavala: D.E.T.A., 2002 (in English).
* Stefanidou Emilia, The City-Port of Kavala during the Period of Turkish Rule. An Urban Survey (1391–1912), Kavala: Historical & Literary Archive of Kavala, 2007 (in Greek).
* Karagiannakidis Nikos – Likourinos Kyriakos, Neapolis-Christoupolis-Kavala, Kavala: Municipality of Kavala, 2009 (in Greek).
* Koutzakiotis Georges, Cavalla, une Échelle égéenne au XVIIIe siècle. Négociants européens et notables ottomans, Istanbul: The Isis Press, 2009.
* Roudometof Nikolaos (ed.), Notebooks of Bulgarian Occupation. Eastern Macedonia 1916–1918. v. 1, Kavala – Chrisoupoli – Eleutheroupoli, Kavala: Historical & Literary Archive of Kavala (in Greek).
* Stavridou-Zafraka Alkmene, The development of the theme organization in Macedonia, in Byzantine Macedonia: Identity, Image and History, edited by J. Burke, R. Scott, Brill, 2000, p.&nbsp;128 – 138.
{{refend}}

== External links ==

{{commons}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Kavala |volume=15 |short=x}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Kavala}}
* [http://kavala.gov.gr/ Official website] (in Greek)
* [http://www.pekavalas.eu/ The official website of the prefecture of Kavala – online since 1996] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312214231/http://www.pekavalas.eu/ |date=12 March 2013 }}
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0588.htm GCatholic with titular incumbent biography links]
* [http://to4arimag.blogspot.gr/ Official Blog of students of ATEI Kavalas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217201052/http://to4arimag.blogspot.gr/ |date=17 December 2012 }}
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3RvC5pGX0ko%7C|The sun disappeared – Fire Kavala 1985]
* [https://gokavala.com/ The ultimate guide about Kavala and Thassos]

{{Greek Macedonia}}
{{Eastern Macedonia and Thrace}}
{{Kavala div}}
{{Landmarks of Kavala}}
{{Second Journey of Paul of Tarsus}}
{{Prefectures and provinces of Greece}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kavala| ]]
[[Category:Greek prefectural capitals]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace]]
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Europe|Christopolis]]
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[[Category:Fortified settlements]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece]]
[[Category:Provinces of Greece]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Aegean Sea]]
[[Category:Pauline churches]]
[[Category:Populated places in Kavala (regional unit)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 7th century BC]]