View source for Keelung

{{Short description|City in Taiwan}}
{{redirect|Jilong}}
{{For2|the river|Keelung River|the city located in Victoria, Australia|Geelong}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Keelung
| official_name      = Keelung City
| native_name        = {{nobold|{{lang|zh|基隆市}}}}
| other_name         = Jilong, Ke-lung, Chilung, San Salvador de Pacán
| settlement_type    = [[Provincial city (Taiwan)|City]]
| native_name_lang   = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 290
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/2/2
| image1 = 獅球嶺眺望基隆港2017.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of Keelung
| image2 = 基隆 大武崙砲台.jpg
| caption2 = [[Dawulun Fort]]
| image3 = Panoramic View of Zhengbin Fishing Port 07.23 (2).jpg
| caption3 = [[Zhengbin Fishing Port]]
| image4 =  2018 Vessel Traffic Service Centre in Port of Keelung.jpg
| caption4 = Keelung Outer Harbor and [[Keelung Islet]]
| image5 = 和平島公園海兔岩 20190804.jpg
| caption5 = [[Heping Island Park]]
 }}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Keelung City.svg
| flag_size          = 
| flag_alt           = 
| image_seal         = Seal of Keelung.svg
| seal_type          = Logo
| seal_size          = 
| seal_alt           = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| shield_alt         = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_type  = 
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| blank_emblem_alt   = 
| nickname           = The Rainy Port ({{lang|zh|雨港}})
| motto              = 
| image_map          = Taiwan ROC political division map Keelung City.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location in Taiwan
| coordinates        = {{coord|25|08|N|121|44|E|region:TW_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| iso_code           = TW-KEE
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{ROC-TW}}
| subdivision_type1  = Province
| subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Taiwan Province}} ''(streamlined)''
| subdivision_type2  = Region
| subdivision_name2  = Northern Taiwan
| subdivision_type3  = Districts
| subdivision_name3  = 7<ref name="govkl"/>
| established_title  = Founded as [[Santisima Trinidad (Taiwan)|La Santisima Trinidad]]
| established_date   = 1626
| established_title1 = Part of [[Taihoku Prefecture]]
| established_date1  = 17 April 1895
| established_title2 = Provincial city status
| established_date2  = 11 November 1945
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| seat_type          = City seat
| seat               = [[Zhongzheng District, Keelung|Zhongzheng District]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| governing_body     = {{unbulleted list
  |[[Keelung City Government]]
  |[[Keelung City Council]]}}
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title1      = Mayor
| leader_name1       = [[George Hsieh]] ([[Kuomintang|KMT]])
| total_type         = 
| unit_pref          = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 132.7589
| area_total_dunam   = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_rank          = 18 of 22
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:人口統計 |url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/civil/home.jsp?mserno=200709080007&serno=200709270001&menudata=CivilMenu&contlink=ap/people1.jsp |website=www.klcg.gov.tw |access-date=6 June 2016 |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529142317/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/civil/home.jsp?mserno=200709080007&serno=200709270001&menudata=CivilMenu&contlink=ap%2Fpeople1.jsp |archive-date=29 May 2016 }}</ref>
| population_total   = 362487
| population_as_of   = October 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_est     = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| population_demonym = 
| population_note    = 
| population_rank    = 16 of 22
| timezone           = [[National Standard Time]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| area_code_type     = 
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes          = 
| blank_name_sec1    = Symbols
| blank1_name_sec1   = – Bird
| blank1_info_sec1   = Eagle
| blank2_name_sec1   = – Flower
| blank2_info_sec1   = Common crepe [[Lagerstroemia|myrtle]]
| blank3_name_sec1   = – Tree
| blank3_info_sec1   = Formosan [[Sweet-gum]]
| blank_name_sec2    = Abbreviations
| blank1_name_sec2   = English
| blank1_info_sec2   = Keelung/KLC
| blank2_name_sec2   = Chinese
| blank2_info_sec2   = {{lang|zh|基隆/基市}}
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 200–206
| area_code          = (0)32
| pushpin_map        = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Keelung City
| c = {{linktext|基隆|市}}
| showflag = p; poj
| p = Jīlóng Shì
| gr = Jilong Shyh
| tp = Jilóng Shìh
| mps = Jīlúng Shr̀
| w = {{tone superscript|Chi1-lung2 Shih4}}
| bpmf = ㄐㄧ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄌㄨㄥˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄕˋ
| myr = Jīlúng Shr̀
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|j|i|1|.|l|ong|2|-|shi|4}}
| phfs = Kî-lùng-sṳ
| poj = Ke-lâng-chhī
| tl = Ke-lâng-tshī
| j = gei1 lung4 si5
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|g|ei|1|-|l|ung|4|-|s|i|5}}
| altname = [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] Name
| t2 = {{linktext|雞籠|市}}
| s2 = 鸡笼市
| p2 = Jīlóng Shì
| poj2 = Ke-lâng-chhī/Koe-lâng-chhī
| j2 = gaai1 lung4 si5
| ci2 = {{IPAc-yue|g|aai|1|-|l|ung|4|-|s|i|5}}
| kanji = 基隆市
| kana = キールンし
| hiragana = きーるんし
| katakana = キールンシ
| revhep = Kiirun-shi
| kunrei = Kîrun-si
}}
[[File:Keelung City Montage.png|thumb|Above: Panoramic view of central Keelung and Keelung Port Second left: Main gate of Chung Cheng Park Second right: Start of Sun Yat-sen Freeway Third left: North coast of Keelung Third right: Keelung Port Bottom left: A windmill wind squid (Loliginidae) in the center Right: Keelung Island]]

'''Keelung''' ({{IPAc-en|k|iː|ˈ|l|ʊ|ŋ}} {{respell|kee|LUUNG}};<ref name="pron">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Jilong}}</ref> {{lang-zh|p=Jīlóng|c=基隆|poj=Ke-lâng}}), '''Chilung''' or '''Jilong''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|iː|ˈ|l|ʊ|ŋ}} {{respell|jee|LUUNG}}), officially known as '''Keelung City''', is a major port [[Provincial city (Taiwan)|city]] in northeastern [[Taiwan]]. The city is part of the [[Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area]] with neighboring [[New Taipei City]] and [[Taipei]]. Nicknamed the ''Rainy Port'' for its frequent rain and maritime role, the city is Taiwan's second largest [[seaport]] (after [[Kaohsiung]]), and was the world's 7th largest port in 1984.

In 1626, the Spanish established Fort San Salvador at present-day Keelung, an area inhabited by [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples]]. Control of the area eventually passed to the [[Qing dynasty]]. Fighting between China and Europeans around Keelung occurred in the 19th century during the [[First Opium War]] and the [[Sino-French War]]. The island of Taiwan was ceded to the [[Empire of Japan]] in 1895 after the [[First Sino-Japanese War]]; under [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]] the city was called '''Kirun'''. Keelung became part of [[Taiwan Province]] under the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] after 1945. Administratively, the city became a first-level subdivision in 2018 after the provincial government was abolished.

{{TOC limit|3}}

== Name ==
According to early Chinese accounts, this northern coastal area was originally called ''Pak-kang'' ({{lang-zh|t=北港|poj=Pak-káng}}).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |title=Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island |year=1903 |publisher=Kegan Paul |location=London |oclc=644323041 |chapter=Explanatory Notes |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/formosaunderdut01campgoog#page/n554/mode/2up |pages=538–557|isbn=9789576380839 }}</ref> By the early 20th century, the city was known to the Western world as '''Kelung''',<ref>for example: {{cite book |last=Smith |first=D. Warres |title=European settlements in the Far East: China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands, India, Borneo, the Philippines etc. |publisher=S. Low, Marston & company |year=1900 |url=https://archive.org/stream/europeansettlem00warrgoog#page/n74/mode/2up |page=38 |ol=6905314M |oclc=3110223 |access-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316073521/https://archive.org/stream/europeansettlem00warrgoog#page/n74/mode/2up |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as the variants ''Kiloung'', ''Kilang'' and ''Keelung''.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|loc=Index p.20}} In his 1903 general history of Taiwan, US Consul to Formosa (1898–1904) [[James W. Davidson]] related that "Kelung" was among the few well-known names, thus warranting no alternate [[Romanization of Japanese|Japanese romanization]].{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=iii}}

However, the Taiwanese people have long called the city ''Kelang'' ({{lang-zh|poj=Ke-lâng/Koe-lâng|t=雞籠|l="rooster cage", "hencoop" or "chicken coop"}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2.jsp |title=Welcome to Keelung City: The Beginning |publisher=Keelung City Government |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926220102/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2.jsp |archive-date=26 September 2009 }}</ref>). While it has been proposed that this name was derived from the local mountain that took the shape of a rooster cage, it is more likely that the name was derived from the first inhabitants of the region, as are the names of many other Taiwanese cities. In this case, the [[Ketagalan people]] were the first inhabitants, and early [[Han Chinese|Han]] settlers probably approximated "Ketagalan" with ''Ke-lâng'' ([[Ketagalan language|Ketagalan]]: [[wikt:ke- -an|ke- -an]], "domain marker circumfix" + [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]] [[Hokkien]] {{lang-zh|poj=lâng|t=儂／人|l=person|labels=no}}), with the noun root and the [[suffix]] part of the circumfix replaced together with the common [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] term for people, shortening the circumfix to just its [[prefix]] part.

In 1875, during the late [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Qing era]], a new official name was given ({{lang-zh|c=基隆|p=Jīlóng|l=base prosperous}}).<ref name="KCG-Qing">{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_3.jsp |title=Ching Dynasty |publisher=Keelung City Government |access-date=24 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526162424/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_3.jsp |archive-date=26 May 2010 }}</ref> In [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], probably the working language of Chinese government at the time, both the old and new names were likely pronounced ''Gīlóng'' (hence "Keelung").

Under [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]] (1895–1945), the city was also known to the west by the Japanese romanization '''Kiirun'''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Terry |first=Thomas Philip |title=Terry's Japanese Empire |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |year=1914 |url=https://archive.org/stream/terrysjapaneseem00terr#page/774/mode/2up |page=774 |oclc=51414323 |ol=18847607M |access-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315010556/https://archive.org/stream/terrysjapaneseem00terr#page/774/mode/2up |archive-date=15 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In [[Taiwanese Hokkien]], the native language of the area, the city is called ''Ke-lâng''. In [[Pinyin|Hanyu Pinyin]], the most common romanization system for [[Mandarin Chinese]], the name of Keelung is written as ''Jīlóng'' (the shift from ''g'' {{IPA|cmn|k|}} to ''j'' {{IPA|cmn|t͡ɕ|}} is a recent development in the Beijing dialect; see [[Old Mandarin]]).<ref>{{R:nan:tdj|n=35577|poj=koe-lâng|hj=基隆|v=1|p=466}}</ref><ref>{{holodict|35351|e=基隆市}}</ref>

==History==

===Early history===
[[File:1626_Map_of_Keelung_and_Tamsui_Harbor,_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Spanish_西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png|left|thumb|246x246px|1626 Map of Keelung under [[Spanish Formosa]]]]
[[File:雞籠_Cheylam_-_Couple_from_Keelung,_Taiwan_-_Boxer_Codex_(1590).jpg|left|thumb|246x246px|Taiwanese natives in Keelung under [[Spanish Formosa]]]]

Keelung was first inhabited by the [[Ketagalan people|Ketagalan]], a tribe of [[Taiwanese aborigine]]. The [[Spanish expedition to Formosa]] in the early 17th century was its first contact with the West; by 1624 the Spanish had built [[:es:San Salvador de Quelung|San Salvador de Quelung]], a fort in Keelung serving as an outpost of the [[Manila]]-based [[Spanish East Indies]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Altares|first1=Guillermo|title=Una excavación aporta una nueva visión de la colonización de Asia|url=http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2016/11/12/actualidad/1478959382_298788.html|access-date=13 November 2016|language=es|newspaper=El País|date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113175618/http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2016/11/12/actualidad/1478959382_298788.html|archive-date=13 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] ruled it as a part of [[Spanish Formosa]]. Besides the native Taiwanese aborigines, the Spanish authorities from Spanish Manila settled North Taiwan (especially Keelung and [[Tamsui District|Tamsui]]) with a mixture of [[Sangley]] [[Chinese Filipinos|Chinese]] (primarily [[Hoklo people|Fujianese]] traders), [[Kirishitan|Christian Japanese]], [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines|native Filipinos]] (e.g. [[Kapampangan people|Kapampangan]], [[Tagalog people|Tagalogs]], etc.) as merchants and laborers,<ref name="Andrade">{{Cite book |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |author-link=Tonio Andrade |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century |date=2005 |publisher=Columbia University Press |via=gutenberg-e.org}}</ref> and some [[Mestizos in Mexico|Mexican Mestizos]], [[Mulatto]]s, [[Afro-Mexicans|Blacks]], [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico|Mexican Amerindians]] as soldiers and laborers and a few [[Spanish Filipinos]] from [[Captaincy General of the Philippines|Spanish Philippines]] and rarely [[New Spain|Mexican]] [[Criollo people|Criollo Spaniards]] from [[New Spain]] (Mexico) as [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Friars in Spanish Philippines|friar]] missionaries and colonial leaders, with the [[Latin Americans]] from [[New Spain]] (Mexico) brought over to North Taiwan from Manila through the [[Manila galleon|Manila-Acapulco Galleons]].<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 Convicts or&nbsp;Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson] AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r −428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r −41 v .</ref> From 1642 to 1661 and 1663–1668, Keelung was under [[Netherlands|Dutch]] control.<ref>{{cite book|last=Twitchett|first=Denis Crispin|title=The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1978 |page=46 |isbn=9780521243339|oclc = 613665518}}</ref><ref name="mingdyn">{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_2.jsp |title=Ming Dynasty and Cheng Cheng kung's Era |publisher=Keelung City Government |access-date=12 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525181927/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_2.jsp |archive-date=25 May 2010 }}</ref> The [[Dutch East India Company]] took over the Spanish Fort San Salvador at [[Santissima Trinidad (Taiwan)|Santissima Trinidad]]. They reduced its size and renamed it Fort Noort-Hollant.<ref name="mingdyn" /> The Dutch had three more minor fortifications in Keelung and also a little school and a preacher.

When [[Ming dynasty]] loyalist [[Koxinga]] successfully attacked the Dutch in southern Taiwan 
([[Siege of Fort Zeelandia]]), the crew of the Keelung forts fled to the Dutch trading post in Japan. The Dutch came back in 1663 and re-occupied and strengthened their earlier forts. However, trade with Qing China through Keelung was not what they hoped it would be and, in 1668, they left after getting harassed by aboriginals.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shepherd |first=John Robert |title=Statecraft and political economy on the Taiwan frontier, 1600-1800 |date=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=9780804720663 |url={{GBurl|g3oWoSKVnVIC|page=95}} |page=95}}</ref>

===Qing dynasty===
[[File:Map of Formosa Coal Resources 美國人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣基隆以東煤礦分布.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Keelung in 1856]]

====First Opium War====
{{main|First Opium War|Nerbudda incident}}

During the [[First Opium War]], the British [[merchant ship]] ''Nerbudda'' shipwrecked near the [[port of Keelung]] due to a typhoon in September 1841. Several months later, another British merchantman, the [[brig]] ''Ann'', also shipwrecked near Keelung on March 1842. Hundreds of survivors from both ships were captured by Chinese authorities and transferred to [[Tainan|Taiwan]]. Two senior Chinese officials, Dahonga and Yao Ying, filed a false report to the [[Daoguang Emperor]], claiming to have beaten off a British attack against Keelung. In October 1841, the [[Royal Navy]] sloop [[HMS Nimrod (1828)|HMS ''Nimrod'']] sailed to Keelung to search for survivors of ''Nerbudda'', but after they found out the Chinese sent them south for imprisonment, ''Nimrod'' bombarded the city's port, destroying 27 cannon before returning to [[British Hong Kong]]. Most of the survivors—over 130 from the ''Nerbudda'' and 54 from the ''Ann''—were [[Nerbudda incident|summarily executed]] by the Chinese in August 1842.<ref name="Tsai2014">{{cite book|author=Shih-Shan Henry Tsai|title=Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vUbfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-46517-1|pages=66–67|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509194720/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUbfBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|archive-date=9 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gordon2009">{{cite book|author=Leonard H. D. Gordon|title=Confrontation Over Taiwan: Nineteenth-Century China and the Powers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIfFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|year=2007|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-1869-6|page=32|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410195830/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIfFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1863, the Qing Empire opened up Keelung as a trading port and the city enjoyed rapid development due to the abundant commodities such as placer gold and high quality coal found in the drainage area of [[Keelung River]]. In 1875, [[Taipeh Prefecture]] was created and included Keelung. In 1878, Keelung was formed into a ''ting'' or sub-prefecture.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=211}} Around the same time, the name was changed from ''Ke-lang'' ({{lang-zh|t=雞籠廳|labels=no}}) to ''Kilong'' ({{lang-zh|c=基隆廳|labels=no}}), which means "rich and prosperous land".<ref name=KCG-Qing />

The city suffered serious damage and lost hundreds of inhabitants during an [[1867 Keelung earthquake|earthquake and tsunami in 1867]]. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.0 and was caused by movement on a nearby [[Fault (geology)|fault]].<ref name="Cheng16">{{cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Shih-Nan |last2=Shaw |first2=Chen-Fang |last3=Yeh |first3=Yeong Tein |title=Reconstructing the 1867 Keelung Earthquake and Tsunami Based on Historical Documents |journal=Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences |date=2016 |volume=27 |issue=3 |page=431 |doi=10.3319/TAO.2016.03.18.01(TEM) |bibcode=2016TAOS...27..431C |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305741212|doi-access=free }}</ref>

====Sino-French War====
{{main|Sino-French War|Keelung Campaign}}
[[File:Landing of French forces at Keelung.jpg|thumb|left|French forces landed at Keelung on 1 October 1884.]]
During the Sino-French War (1884–85), the French attempted an invasion of Taiwan during the Keelung Campaign. [[Liu Mingchuan]], who led the defence of Taiwan, recruited Aboriginals to serve alongside the Chinese soldiers in fighting against the French of [[Colonel]] [[Jacques Duchesne]]'s Formosa Expeditionary Corps. The French were defeated at the [[Battle of Tamsui]] and the Qing forces pinned the French down at Keelung in an eight-month-long campaign before the French withdrew.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2001/11/15/111666 | title=Exhuming French history in Taiwan - Taipei Times | date=15 November 2001 }}</ref>{{verify source|date=August 2024}}

===Empire of Japan===
A systematic city development started during the Japanese Era, after the 1895 [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]], which handed all Taiwan over to Japan. A five-phase construction of Keelung Harbor was initiated, and in by 1916 trade volume had exceeded even those of Tamsui and Kaohsiung Harbors to become one of the major commercial harbors of Taiwan.<ref name="KCG-JR">{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_4.jsp |title=Japanese Occupation |publisher=Keelung City Government |access-date=12 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524093925/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_4.jsp |archive-date=24 May 2010 }}</ref>

Keelung was governed as {{nihongo|Kīrun town|基隆街}}, Kīrun District, [[Taihoku Prefecture]] in 1920 and was upgraded to a city in 1924.<ref name="KCG-JR" /> The [[Pacific War]] broke out in 1941, and Keelung became one of the first targets of Allied bombers and was nearly destroyed as a result.<ref name="KCG-JR" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan in Time: When US bombs rained down on Keelung |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2024/06/16/2003819410 |access-date=16 June 2024 |work=Taipei Times |date=16 June 2024|author=Han Cheung}}</ref>

===Republic of China===
After the [[Retrocession of Taiwan|handover of Taiwan from Japan]] to the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] in October 1945, Keelung was established as a [[Provincial city (Taiwan)|provincial city]] of [[Taiwan Province]]. The [[Keelung City Government]] worked with the Keelung Harbor Bureau<ref>{{Cite web |title=History-Port of Keelung, Taiwan International Ports Corporation, Ltd. |url=https://kl.twport.com.tw/en/port/Articles?a=644 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=kl.twport.com.tw |language=en}}</ref> to rebuild the city and the harbor and by 1984, the harbor became the 7th largest container harbor in the world.<ref name=KCG-ROC /> The city became directly governed by the [[Executive Yuan]] after Taiwan Province was streamlined in 1998 and became a ''de facto'' first level division in 2018 following the dissolution of the [[Taiwan Provincial Government]].

==Geography==
[[File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-457.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Keelung (labeled as CHI-LUNG-SHIH (KIIRUN-SHI) {{lang|zh-tw|基隆市}}) area (1950)]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-458.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Keelung (labeled as CHI-LUNG SHIH (KIIRUN SHI) {{lang|zh-tw|基隆市}}) and vicinity (1950s)]]
Keelung City is located in the northern part of Taiwan Island. It occupies an area of {{convert|132.76|km2|abbr=on}} and is separated from its neighboring county by mountains in the east, west and south. The northern part of the city faces the ocean and is a great deep water harbor since early times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_1.jsp|title=Introduction|publisher=Keelung City Government|access-date=17 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120415/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_1.jsp|archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref> Keelung also administers the nearby [[Keelung Islet]] as well as the more distant and strategically important [[Pengjia Islet]], [[Mianhua Islet]] and [[Huaping Islet]].<ref name="govkl2">{{cite web|url=https://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/TouristInfo/Scenery|title=Beautiful Scenery|website=Keelung City Government|access-date=23 April 2019|quote=Keelung Islet {...} Pinnacle (Huaping Islet) {...} Pengjia Islet (Agincourt) {...} Mianhua Islet (Crag){...}|archive-date=November 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106121100/https://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/TouristInfo/Scenery}}</ref><ref name="gs">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2012/09/mil-120907-cna09.htm|title=Pengjia Islet gets rare attention from Ma's visit|date=7 September 2012|website=GlobalSecurity.org|quote=The normally obscure outcrop, which falls administratively under Keelung City, is one of three islets off of Taiwan's northern coast – the others are Mianhua Islet and Huaping Islet – considered to be of strategic importance to the country.|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423021814/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2012/09/mil-120907-cna09.htm|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Climate===
Keelung has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') with a yearly rainfall average upwards of {{convert|3700|mm|0}}. It has long been noted as one of the wettest and gloomiest cities in the world; the effect is related to the [[Kuroshio Current]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=James W. |author-link=James W. Davidson |title=The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions |year=1903 |publisher=Macmillan |url=https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi |location=London and New York |ol=6931635M |chapter=Appendix IV: Climate |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/islandofformosap00davi#page/n764/mode/1up |access-date=13 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108025015/https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi |archive-date=8 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Although it is one of the coolest cities of Taiwan, winters are still short and warm, whilst summers are long, relatively dry and hot, temperatures can peek above 26&nbsp;°C during a warm winter day, while it can dip below 27&nbsp;°C during a rainy summer day, much like the rest of northern Taiwan. However its location on northern mountain slopes means that due to [[orographic lift]], rainfall is heavier during fall and winter, the latter during which a northeasterly flow prevails. During summer, southwesterly winds dominate and thus there is a slight [[rain shadow effect]]. Fog is most serious during winter and spring, when relative humidity levels are also highest.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first = y
|single line = y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Keelung (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1946–present）
|Jan record high C = 32.1
|Feb record high C = 31.2
|Mar record high C = 33.0
|Apr record high C = 35.2
|May record high C = 37.3
|Jun record high C = 37.6
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 38.5
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 34.3
|Nov record high C = 32.4
|Dec record high C = 30.0
|year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 18.4
| Feb high C = 19.1
| Mar high C = 21.0
| Apr high C = 24.7
| May high C = 28.0
| Jun high C = 31.2
| Jul high C = 33.3
| Aug high C = 32.5
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 26.1
| Nov high C = 23.6
| Dec high C = 20.1
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 16.1
| Feb mean C = 16.4
| Mar mean C = 18.1
| Apr mean C = 21.6
| May mean C = 24.8
| Jun mean C = 27.6
| Jul mean C = 29.5
| Aug mean C = 29.1
| Sep mean C = 27.2
| Oct mean C = 24.2
| Nov mean C = 21.5
| Dec mean C = 18.0
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 14.2
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Mar low C = 15.7
| Apr low C = 19.0
| May low C = 22.3 
| Jun low C = 25.0
| Jul low C = 26.7
| Aug low C = 26.5
| Sep low C = 25.0
| Oct low C = 22.4
| Nov low C = 19.6
| Dec low C = 16.1
| year low C =
|Jan record low C = 3.9
|Feb record low C = 5.6
|Mar record low C = 3.9
|Apr record low C = 9.2
|May record low C = 13.9
|Jun record low C = 16.7
|Jul record low C = 21.4
|Aug record low C = 20.1
|Sep record low C = 17.1
|Oct record low C = 12.2
|Nov record low C = 9.7
|Dec record low C = 4.6
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =327.8
| Feb precipitation mm =349.8
| Mar precipitation mm =274.4
| Apr precipitation mm =211.0
| May precipitation mm =284.1
| Jun precipitation mm =290.4
| Jul precipitation mm =119.5
| Aug precipitation mm =211.4
| Sep precipitation mm =390.1
| Oct precipitation mm =377.6
| Nov precipitation mm =396.9
| Dec precipitation mm =356.6
|year precipitation mm= 
| Jan humidity = 78.5
| Feb humidity = 79.5
| Mar humidity = 79.0
| Apr humidity = 77.4
| May humidity = 77.4
| Jun humidity = 76.9
| Jul humidity = 71.9
| Aug humidity = 73.6
| Sep humidity = 75.3
| Oct humidity = 75.6
| Nov humidity = 77.1
| Dec humidity = 76.6
|year humidity = 76.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 19.6
| Feb precipitation days = 17.9
| Mar precipitation days = 18.7
| Apr precipitation days = 16.0
| May precipitation days = 16.1
| Jun precipitation days = 14.8
| Jul precipitation days = 8.5
| Aug precipitation days = 11.6
| Sep precipitation days = 15.2
| Oct precipitation days = 17.1
| Nov precipitation days = 18.6
| Dec precipitation days = 19.5
|year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 52.6
| Feb sun = 57.9
| Mar sun = 80.6
| Apr sun = 91.2
| May sun = 111.9
| Jun sun = 138.4
| Jul sun = 229.2
| Aug sun = 208.2
| Sep sun = 147.4
| Oct sun = 85.7
| Nov sun = 65.3
| Dec sun = 48.5
|year sun =
|source 1 = Central Weather Bureau<ref name= CWB>{{cite web |url = https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/Statistics/monthlymean.html |title = Monthly Mean |publisher = [[Central Weather Bureau]] |access-date = 29 November 2022 |archive-date = 9 December 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221209115926/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/Statistics/monthlymean.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordhighs1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_18.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計 |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017235559/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_18.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordhighs2>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_19.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續) |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017235603/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordlows1>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_20.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計 |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219233031/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CWBrecordlow2>{{cite web |url=https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_21.pdf |title=氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續) |publisher=Central Weather Bureau |language=zh |access-date=29 November 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219055306/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_21.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

==Administration==
{{main|Keelung City Government}}
[[File:Chinese New Year decoration on Keelung City Hall 20070226.jpg|thumb|Keelung City Hall in [[Zhongzheng District, Keelung|Zhongzheng District]]]]
[[File:立法委員謝國樑.jpg|thumb|[[George Hsieh]], the incumbent [[Mayor of Keelung]] City]]

[[Zhongzheng District, Keelung|Zhongzheng District]] is the seat of Keelung City which houses the [[Keelung City Government]] and [[Keelung City Council]]. The current [[Mayor of Keelung]] is [[George Hsieh]] of the [[Kuomintang]].

===Administrative divisions===
Keelung has seven (7) [[District (Taiwan)|districts]]:<ref name="govkl">{{cite web|url=https://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/About/Location|title=Geography|quote=Keelung City is divided into seven districts, which are Zhongzheng District, Xinyi District, Ren-ai District, Zhongshan District, Anle District, Nuannuan District and Qidu District.{...}Ren-ai District is the smallest one.{...}Ren-ai District{...}|access-date=3 April 2019|website=Keelung City Government}}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
!Map!!colspan=2|Name!!Chinese!![[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]!![[Taiwanese Hakka|Hakka]]!!Population (October 2023)!!Area (km²)
|-
| rowspan=7 | [[File:Districts of Keelung-Taiwan.svg|250px]]
| bgcolor=FF9900| ||[[Zhongzheng District, Keelung|Zhongzheng]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|中正|區}}}}||{{linktext|Tiong-chèng}}||Tsûng-tsang
| align=right|50,693|| align="right" |10.2118
|-
| bgcolor=F8355C| ||[[Zhongshan District, Keelung|Zhongshan]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|中山|區}}}}||{{linktext|Tiong-san}}||Tsûng-sân
| align=right|45,523|| align="right" |10.5238
|-
| bgcolor=FFE600| ||[[Ren-ai District|Ren-ai]]<ref name="govkl"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.klra.gov.tw/index.php|title=Ren-ai District Office, Keelung City|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081948/https://www.klra.gov.tw/index.php|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|仁愛|區}}}}||{{linktext|Jîn-ài}}||Yìn-oi
| align=right|41,159|| align="right" |4.2335
|-
| bgcolor=33A34D| ||[[Xinyi District, Keelung|Xinyi <small>(Sinyi)</small>]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|信義|區}}}}||{{linktext|Sìn-gī}}||Sin-ngi
| align=right|53,399|| align="right" |10.6706
|-
| bgcolor=67B3D3| ||[[Anle District|Anle]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|安樂|區}}}}||{{linktext|An-lo̍k}}||Ôn-lo̍k
| align=right|80,452|| align="right" |18.0250
|-
| bgcolor=FBB4CE| ||[[Nuannuan District|Nuannuan]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|暖暖|區}}}}||{{linktext|Loán-loán}}||Nôn-nôn
| align=right|38,455|| align="right" |22.8283
|-
| bgcolor=006342| ||[[Qidu District|Qidu]]||{{large|{{linktext|lang=zh-tw|七堵|區}}}}||{{linktext|Chhit-tó͘}}||Tshit-tù
| align=right|52,806|| align="right" |56.2659
|}

===Politics===
Keelung City is represented in the [[Legislative Yuan]] by Lin Pei-hsiang, or [[Jonathan Lin]],<ref>"[https://www.ly.gov.tw/EngPages/List.aspx?nodeid=37104 Eleventh-term Legislators]". Legislative Yuan (Taiwan). Retrieved April 17, 2025.</ref> of the Kuomintang, who was elected in 2024.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1960|234442
|1970|324040
|1980|344867
|1990|348586
|2000|387504
|2010|381809
|2020|367264
|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{cite web |title=歷年底各縣市人口數 Resident Population during Year |url=https://ws.moi.gov.tw/001/Upload/400/relfile/0/4413/fb872a90-4ab8-4752-bf7b-7bcd890da5f3/month/m1-09.ods |publisher=[[Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)|Ministry of the Interior]]|access-date=28 March 2021 |ref=Population |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328042542/https://ws.moi.gov.tw/001/Upload/400/relfile/0/4413/fb872a90-4ab8-4752-bf7b-7bcd890da5f3/month/m1-09.ods |archive-date=28 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.stat.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=2401&sms=10889|title=Statistical Tables|publisher=National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan)}}</ref>}}In 2023, Keelung had a population of 362,255, a year-on-year increase of 2.02% but a decrease of 2.90% from 2014. About 70.11% were of working age (15-64 years), 9.65% were children (0-14 years), and 20.24% were above 65. The city's [[dependency ratio]] grew slightly to 42.64% while its aged-child ratio rose 13 percentage points to 209.87%. Of the 327,310 Keelung residents aged 15 and above, 45.20% had a bachelor’s degree. Household income averaged NT$1,182,233.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=基隆市政府主計處統計科 |date=2024-09-24 |title=112年基隆市統計年報 |url=https://www.klcg.gov.tw/tw/accounting/2420-292373.html |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=基隆市政府主計處統計科}}</ref> 

Keelung became the “loneliest” city in Taiwan in 2024, with more than 41 percent of its households comprising one person living alone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-02 |title=Keelung Taiwan’s ‘loneliest’ city, ministry data show - Taipei Times |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2025/03/02/2003832736 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.taipeitimes.com}}</ref> [[Indigenous peoples]] made up 3,617 of its households.<ref name=":0" />

===Population growth===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Population || Notes
|-
| {{center|1840}}
| {{center|700 [[household]]s}}
|
|-
| {{center|1897}}
| {{center|9,500}}
|
|-
| {{center|1904}}
| {{center|17,710}}
| Ranked 6th<ref>{{cite book |last1=Takekoshi |first1=Yosaburō |author-link=Takekoshi Yosaburō |title=Japanese rule in Formosa |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180113 |date=1907 |publisher = Longmans, Green, and co. |publication-place = London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta |ol=6986981M |oclc=753129 |chapter=Chapter XI II: Population and future development of the island resources |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180113/page/n225 200] }}</ref>

|-
| {{center|1924}}
| {{center|58,000}}
|
|-
| {{center|1943}}
| {{center|100,000}}
|
|-
| {{center|1944}}
| {{center|92,000}}
| Decrease due to [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] air [[bombing]]s
|-
| {{center|1948}}
| {{center|130,000}}
| 28,000 [[waishengren|mainlander]] influx
|-
| {{center|1970}}
| {{center|324,040}}
|
|-
| {{center|1990}}
| {{center|352,919}}
|
|-
| {{center|2010}}
| {{center|384,134}}
|
|-
| {{center|2020}}
| {{center|367,577}}
|
|}

===Festivals===
One of the most popular festivals in Taiwan is the mid-summer [[Ghost Festival]]. The Keelung Ghost Festival is among the oldest and largest in Taiwan, dating back to 1855 after bitter clashes between rival clans, which claimed many lives before mediators stepped in.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=world |first=Taiwan Panorama Magazine {{!}} An international, bilingual magazine for Chinese people around the |title=Bringing Together the Living and the Dead: The 170th Year of the Keelung Midsummer Ghost Festival |url=https://www.taiwan-panorama.com/en/Articles/Details?Guid=6f185419-313e-4c7b-b0e7-a915538184b9&CatId=10&postname=Bringing%20Together%20the%20Living%20and%20the%20Dead:-The%20170th%20Year%20of%20the%20Keelung%20Midsummer%20Ghost%20Festival&srsltid=AfmBOopvcSpWpMXQmG1xaFnMqpPryB5M4igSWdwpoIHSoW9S7Spc3KYe |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Taiwan Panorama Magazine {{!}} An international, bilingual magazine for Chinese people around the world |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref> A truce was negotiated and the two sides agreed to bury their dead together and to maintain communal peace through competition in folk performances.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Keelung Zhongyuan Ghost Festival-Taiwan Religious Culture Map-臺灣宗教百景 |url=https://taiwangods.moi.gov.tw/html/landscape_en/1_0011.aspx?i=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414091039/https://taiwangods.moi.gov.tw/html/landscape_en/1_0011.aspx?i=1 |archive-date=2025-04-14 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=taiwangods.moi.gov.tw |language=en}}</ref> The Keelung Ghost Festival is the first [[folklore]] custom to be included in Taiwan's national cultural heritage list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=鷄籠中元文化館 |url=https://www.klccab.gov.tw/GhostFestivalMuseum/#:~:text=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E8%88%87%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2%E3%80%82-,%E9%B7%84%E7%B1%A0%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%A5%AD%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9,%E5%82%B3%E6%8F%9A%E6%82%B2%E5%A4%A9%E6%86%AB%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%9A%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85%E6%87%B7%E3%80%82 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=www.klccab.gov.tw}}</ref> Today, the festivities are organized on a rotation basis by the city's 15 major clan associations, which are formed by people sharing the same surname.<ref name=":1" /> The highlight of the festival comes on the evening of the 14th day of the Ghost Month. Clan associations display elaborate floats in a parade, which culminates in the release of lit water lanterns into the sea to honor the dead.<ref name=":2" /> The event has become a major attraction drawing visitors from home and abroad.<ref name=":1" />
==Economy==
When Taiwan shifted from import substitution to an export-oriented economy after the Second World War, Keelung became increasingly important for foreign trade, serving as a major logistics hub in northern Taiwan and a crucial point for international shipping. As Taiwan’s trade volume rose steadily in the 1970s, transport, warehousing, customs brokerage, and other ports logistics services expanded in Keelung, as did the shipbuilding and ship maintenance industry.<ref>{{Cite news |title=港邊住了誰？揭開基隆港都發展起伏，看見時代變革下在地樣貌 - 雨都漫步 - 微笑台灣 - 用深度旅遊體驗鄉鎮魅力 |url=https://smiletaiwan.cw.com.tw/article/5827 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018124556/https://smiletaiwan.cw.com.tw/article/5827 |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2025-04-18 |work=微笑台灣 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> The city developed quickly and by 1984, the Port of Keelung became the 7th largest container port in the world.<ref name="KCG-ROC">{{cite web|url=http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_5.jsp |title=The Republic of China |publisher=Keelung City Government |access-date=12 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525140557/http://www.klcg.gov.tw/en/01/01_2_5.jsp |archive-date=25 May 2010 }}</ref> 

However, in the 1990s, Keelung Port’s overall throughput began to decline as a result of intense domestic and international competition and geographical constraints limiting its expansion. The port gradually opened to tourism. It attracted major cruise operators such as [[Star Cruises]], [[Princess Cruises]], [[Royal Caribbean International|Royal Caribbean]], and [[Costa Cruises]], positioning itself as a home port for cruise liners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History-Port of Keelung, Taiwan International Ports Corporation, Ltd. |url=https://kl.twport.com.tw/en/port/Articles?a=644 |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=kl.twport.com.tw |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, Keelung earned the title of Asia’s best cruise home port at the Asia Cruise Forum Jeju in South Korea. At the same event five years later, Keelung won a Special Achievement Award from Jeju-based Asia Cruise Leaders Network for its post-pandemic business recovery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gao |first=BY Pat |date=2023-09-01 |title=Grand Cruise |url=https://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/AMP/Economics/Taiwan-Review/242242/Grand-Cruise |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Taiwan Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, Keelung Port recorded 331 cruise calls and served 787,000 passengers. Although the figures had yet to reach the 2019 level before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a slight increase in the number of foreign visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=臺灣港務股份有限公司 |date=2010-01-01 |title=港務公司 |url=https://kl.twport.com.tw/news/News?a=347&id=9748 |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=臺灣港務股份有限公司}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Keelung-Garnot-Kelung-1894.jpg|Keelung Port Croquis (in 1894)
File:Keelung Landmark Observatory 20141213.jpg|Keelung Landmark
File:Keelung City and Harbor, Looking Eastward.jpg|Keelung City and Harbor, between 1860 and 1880
</gallery>
{{wide image|Keelung Panorama From Shih Ciou Ling Fort.png|1000px|align-cap=center|Panorama view of central Keelung and harbor area}}
{{Clear}}

==Education==
[[File:The Gate of National Taiwan Ocean University.JPG|thumb|[[National Taiwan Ocean University]]]]
Education in Keelung City is governed by the Department of Education of [[Keelung City Government]].

===Universities and colleges===
Keelung City houses three universities and colleges, namely the [[National Taiwan Ocean University]], Deh Yu College of Nursing and Health and [[Chungyu University of Film and Arts]].

About 45 percent of city residents aged 15 and above have a bachelor’s degree.<ref name=":0" />

===High schools===
Keelung has 12 senior high schools—eight public and four private, which are attended by about 7,000 students.<ref name=":0" />

* [https://www.klgsh.kl.edu.tw/ National Keelung Girls' Senior High School]
* [https://www.klsh.kl.edu.tw/ National Keelung Senior High School]

* [[National Keelung Maritime Vocational High School]]
* [[National Keelung Commercial & Industrial Vocational Senior High School]]
* Er Xin Senior High School
* [[Keelung Fu Jen Sacred Heart Senior High School]]
* Kuang-Lung Home and Commerce Vocational High School
* Pei Teh Industrial and Home Economics Vocational High School
* Keelung Municipal Zhong Shan Senior High School
* Keelung Municipal Anle Senior High School

==Energy==
[[File:Huohao Mountain in Zhongshan District, Keelung 20120526.jpg|thumb|[[Hsieh-ho Power Plant]]]]
Keelung City houses the only fully oil-fired power plant in Taiwan, the [[Hsieh-ho Power Plant]], which is located in [[Zhongshan District, Keelung|Zhongshan District]]. The installed capacity of the power plant is 2,000 MW.

==Tourist attractions==
[[File:Keelung Cultural Center 20140215.jpg|thumb|[[Keelung Cultural Center]]]]

===Ports===
*[[Badouzi Fishing Port]]
*[[Bisha Fishing Port]]
*[[Port of Keelung]]
*[[Zhengbin Fishing Port]]

===Parks===
*[[Zhongzheng Park (Keelung)|Zhongzheng Park]]
*[[Heping Island Park]]

===Cultural centers===
*[[Embrace Cultural and Creative Park]]
*[[Keelung Cultural Center]]
*[[Keelung City Indigenous Cultural Hall]]

===Museums===

* [[National Museum of Marine Science and Technology]]

* [[YM Oceanic Culture and Art Museum]]

===Historical structures===
[[Baimiweng Fort]], [[Dawulun Fort]], [[Gongzi Liao Fort]], [[Keelung Fort Commander's Official Residence]], [[Nuannuan Ande Temple]], [[Pengjia Lighthouse]], [[Uhrshawan Battery]] and [[Xian Dong Yan]].

===Night markets===
[[Keelung Miaokou Night Market]]

==Transportation==
[[File:TRA Keelung Station night scene 20080803.jpg|thumb|[[Keelung Station]]]]
[[File:Superstar Libra at Port of Keelung 20080803 night.jpg|thumb|[[Port of Keelung]]]]Keelung is easily accessible by train, bus, and freeway. It is about a half-hour drive from Taipei via [[National Freeway 1]] and [[National Freeway 3|3]]. [[Taiwan Railway]] commuter trains from [[Taipei]] to the Keelung Main Station take about 40 minutes. Intercity buses serve multiple points within the city.

===Rail===
*[[Taiwan Railways Administration]]: [[Keelung railway station|Keelung]], [[Sankeng railway station|Sankeng]], [[Badu railway station|Badu]], [[Qidu railway station|Qidu]], [[Baifu railway station|Baifu]], [[Nuannuan railway station|Nuannuan]] 
**[[Shen'ao line]]: [[Haikeguan railway station|Haikeguan]], [[Badouzi railway station|Badouzi]]

===Water===
Taiwan's second largest port, the [[Port of Keelung]], is located in the city. The port serves destinations to [[Matsu Islands]], [[Xiamen]] and [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]].

==International relations==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Taiwan (Republic of China)}}

===Twin towns – Sister cities===
Keelung is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
*{{flagdeco|Philippines}} [[Bacolod]] and [[Davao City]], [[Philippines]]
*{{flagdeco|MHL}} [[Bikini Atoll]], [[Marshall Islands]]
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Campbell, California]], U.S.
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Corpus Christi, Texas]], U.S.
*{{flagdeco|RSA}} [[East London, South Africa]]
*{{flagdeco|AUS}} [[Marrickville, New South Wales]], Australia
*{{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Miyakojima, Okinawa|Miyakojima]], [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], Japan
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Rosemead, California]], U.S.
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.
*{{flagdeco|ROK}} [[Sangju]], [[North Gyeongsang]], South Korea
*{{flagdeco|CAN}} [[Thunder Bay]], Ontario, Canada
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Yakima, Washington]], U.S.

==Notable people==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2024}}
Notable people from Keelung include:

* [[Chen Ti]], Taiwanese tennis player
* [[Zero Chou]], Taiwanese director
* [[Jiang Yi-huah]], Premier of the Republic of China
* [[Show Lo]], Taiwanese entertainer
* [[Danson Tang]], Taiwanese Mandopop singer
* [[Yi Huan]], Taiwanese comic creator/animator
* [[Feng-hsiung Hsu|Feng-hsuing Hsu]], American-Taiwanese computer scientist
* [[Hsie Zhen-wu|Hsie Zhen-Wu]], Taiwanese TV presenter/lawyer
* [[Jaw Shaw-kong]], Member of the Legislative Yuan

==See also==
{{Portal|Taiwan}}
* Asteroid [[237164 Keelung]] named for the city in 2018
* [[List of cities in the Republic of China (Taiwan)]]
* [[Administrative divisions of the Republic of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Keelung|d=Q249996}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|en}}
* {{Official website|http://www.klhb.gov.tw/English/E00/E0001.aspx|Keelung Harbor Bureau official website}} {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Taiwan.html WorldStatesmen.org — Taiwan]
* {{osmrelation-inline|1296154}}

{{Cities in Taiwan}}
{{KeelungDistricts}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Keelung| ]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Taiwan placenames originating from Formosan languages]]
[[Category:Provincial cities of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Weather extremes of Earth]]