View source for Kenneth Hsu

{{short description|Chinese scientist and entrepreneur (born 1929)}}
{{resume-like|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix  = 
| name              = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| honorific_suffix  = 
| native_name       = {{zh|t=許靖華|s=许靖华|p= Xǔ Jìnghuá}}
| native_name_lang  = 
| image             = <!--(filename only, i.e. without "File:" prefix)-->
| image_size        = 
| image_upright     = 
| landscape         = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt               = 
| caption           = 
| birth_name        = <!-- if different from "name" -->
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1929|06|28|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Nanjing]], [[China]]
| death_date        = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)-->
| death_place       = 
| death_cause       = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability -->
| resting_place     = 
| resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->
| other_names       = 
| siglum            =
| pronounce         =
| citizenship       = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| nationality       = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| fields            = [[Geology]], [[paleoclimatology]], [[oceanography]]
| workplaces        = {{ubl|[[Shell Oil Company]]|[[ETH Zurich]]}}
| patrons           = 
| education         = {{ubl
  |[[B.Sc.]] [[National Central University]] (1948)
  |[[M.A.]] [[Ohio State University]] (1950)
  |[[Ph.D.]] [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (1953)
  }}
| alma_mater        = 
| thesis_title      = <!--(or  | thesis1_title =   and  | thesis2_title  =  )-->
| thesis_url        = <!--(or  | thesis1_url  =   and  | thesis2_url  =  )-->
| thesis_year       = <!--(or  | thesis1_year  =   and  | thesis2_year  =  )-->
| doctoral_advisor  = <!--(or  | doctoral_advisors = )-->
| academic_advisors = 
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = 
| awards            = {{ubl
  |[[John Adams Bownocker|Bownocker]] Medal (1984)
  |[[Twenhofel Medal]] (1984)
  |[[Wollaston Medal]] (1984)
  |[[Penrose Medal]] (2001)
  }}
| author_abbrev_bot = 
| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| spouse            = <!--(or | spouses = )-->
| partner           = <!--(or | partners = )-->
| children          = 
| parents           =
| father            =
| mother            =
| relatives         =
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_type    = <!--(defaults to "Signature")-->
| signature_alt     = 
| website           = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| footnotes         = 
}}
'''Kenneth Jinghwa Hsu''' ({{zh|t=許靖華|s=许靖华|p= Xǔ Jìnghuá}})  Ph.D., M.A., born 28 June 1929, is a Chinese scientist, geologist, paleoclimatologist, oceanographer, government advisor, author, inventor and entrepreneur who was born in [[Nanjing]], [[China]].

==Biography==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=August 2014}}
'''Education'''

Hsu (Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c.) studied at the Chinese [[National Central University]] (later renamed [[Nanjing University]] in [[mainland China]] and reinstated in [[Taiwan]]) (B.Sc. 1948), and came to the United States in 1948 where he studied at [[Ohio State University]] (M.A., 1950), and at [[University of California, Los Angeles]], where he received his Ph.D. in 1953.

'''Professional life'''

Hsu initially  worked as a petroleum geologist for the Shell Development Corporation, now called [[Shell Oil Company]], in Houston, Texas, US, between 1954 and 1963. He was associate professor at two universities in the USA between 1963 and 1967, before becoming professor of geology at the [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Institute of Technology]] (ETH Zürich) between 1967 and 1994, where he promoted experimental geology and built up 5 leading international laboratories in the fields of [[rock mechanics]] ([[geophysics]]), mass-spectrometry ([[isotope geochemistry]]), [[Quaternary]] research ([[paleoclimatology]]), [[sedimentology]] and [[tectonics]]. It was after his retirement from University teaching that Hsu started to work in environmental engineering.

'''Professorships & lectureships'''

While Hsu was professor at the Institute of Geology, ETH Zurich between 1967 and 1994, he was invited as lecturer, guest or honorary professor in geology, climatology or oceanography to numerous renowned universities of the world, including Beijing, California (San Diego), Cambridge, Columbia, Florence, Harvard, London, Milan, M.I.T., Moscow, Nanjing, Naples, Ohio, Oxford, Paris, Princeton, Taipei, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, Woods Hole, Yale etc.

After retirement in 1994, he was guest professor at the National Taiwan University (1994–95), senior fellow at the Berlin Institute of Advanced Studies (1995–96), Keck Professor at Colorado School of Mines, guest professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, university professor at Nanjing University, and university professor at Beijing University of Geosciences.

==Scientific contributions==

'''Academic work'''

Hsu participated in the Earth Science Revolution of the 1960s, consolidating Plate Tectonics Theory, and has throughout his life been active in so-called 'Process Oriented Geology', which is in conversation with the evolutionary biology (symbiogenesis) of [[Lynn Margulis]], the Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock, and others. Instead of being preoccupied with rocks and mirrors, Hsu treated  geological problems as arising from physical, chemical and biological processes, and hence has been a stout promoter of an educational reform in geology, emphasizing the fundamental principles of earth physics, chemistry and biology.

In geology, his work included sedimentation in isostatically driven tectonic basins, the active margins of continental plates, physical chemistry of evaporite and pelagic diagenesis, documentation of granulite formation, catastrophic consequences of meteorite impacts, extinction of life forms and the limnology of Lake Zurich.

'''Scientific expeditions and explorations'''

Hsu participated and led 5 deep-sea drilling cruises to the South Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea. He also led several international expeditions to Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, South China, California Coast Ranges and the Swiss Alps, travelling to 80 countries for Earth Science.

'''Awards'''

For his contributions to geology, Hsu received several medals and awards.

*[[Wollaston Medal]] from The Geological Society of London (considered the highest honor in Geology, or an equivalent to the Nobel Prize in Geology) in 1984 (formerly presented to [[Charles Lyell]], [[Thomas Henry Huxley]], [[Charles Darwin]] and [[James Lovelock]]).
*[[Penrose Medal]] from The Geological Society of America in 2001 (the highest honor by the Society).
*President's Special Award, American Association of Petroleum Geologists (resulting in Hsu being listed in Who's Who in Trade & Industry)
*[[William H. Twenhofel Medal|Twenhofel Medal]] from the Society of Sedimentary Geology in 1984 (the highest award of the Society of Sedimentary Geology).
*Bownocker Medal (Orton Award), from the Geological Sciences Department of Ohio State University, 1984.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060904014155/http://library.osu.edu/sites/geology/Bownocker_History.php]

'''Honorary positions and achievements'''

Hsu was elected a Member of the U. S. National Academy of Science in 1986, but in given circumstances, became a Foreign Associate. He was also an Associate of the Third-World Academy of Sciences, a Member of Academia Sinica (1988), the Mediterranean Academy of Sciences and several other academies of science. He was a founder of the European Geophysical Society and a founder of the science of paleoceanography. He convened the First International Conference of Paleoceanography and founded the journal Paleoceanography. Hsu also assisted in the founding of the Asian Association of Marine Geology. He also served for 11 years as President of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Hsu was the convener of the Third Workshop on Marine Geology of IUGS; the First Earth Science Colloquium of the European Science Foundation; several Dahlem Conferences of the Dahlem Foundation; and numerous symposia and workshops for IGP, ILP, IGCP, SCOR and JOIDE.

'''Leadership positions in scientific organizations'''

Hsu served in numerous scientific organizations:

*President and Past President of the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS);
*General Secretary of the Alpine Mediterranean Working Group of the International Geodynamics Project (IGP);
*Chairman of the Paleoceaonography Working Group of the International [[Lithosphere]] Project (ILP);
*Leader of several projects of UNESCO's International Geological Correlation Project (IGCP);
*Chairman of the International Commission of Marine Geology (1980–1989);
*Chairman of the Committee on Sedimentology of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS);
*ex officio member of the executive committee of the Scientific Commission on Oceanographic Research (SCOR) (1980–1989);
*member of the Swiss Commission on UNESCO (1987–1990);
*International Union of the Geological Sciences (IUGS);
*Representative of the Geological Sciences at the IGBP/Global Change Program of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) (1989–1992);
*ICSU member of the United Nations Expert Panel on Seabed Disposal of Radioactive Waste (1987–1988);
*Chairman of the Mediterranean Panel, South Atlantic Panel and Tectonics Panel of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions Deep Earth Study Program (JOIDES),
*Member of the Paleoceanography Panel and the JOIDES Planning Committee of the Ocean-Drilling Program.

'''Editorships'''

Hsu was Editor and or Associate Editor of numerous journals including:

*Sedimentology: Journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists (Founding Editor & Editor-in-Chief 1972–1979). UK: Blackwell Science.
*Journal of Sedimentary Petrography.
*Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
*Geophysical Research Letters.
*Bulletin of the Japanese Geological Society.
*Tethys.
*Geologie Mediterrane.

'''Scientific affiliations'''

*Advisor, Chinese Natural Science Foundation.
*Alumni of the Century, Nanjing University (Gold Medal, University Centenary Celebration).
*Associate fellow, Third World Academy of Sciences.
*Chair, International Marine Geology Commission, 1980–89.
*Chairman, department of earth sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
*Distinguished alumnus, Ohio State University.
*Emeritus professor, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
*First distinguished alumni lecturer of geology, UCLA.
*Guest professor, National Taiwan University (1994–95).
*Guest professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
*Honorary professor, University College London, April 2008.
*International Writer of the Year, International Book Club (Cambridge), 2003.
*Keck Professor, Colorado School of Mines.
*Member, National Academy of Sciences, Academy Sinica (Taiwan).
*Member, Mediterranean Academy of Sciences.
*Member and foreign associate, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 1986.
*President, International Association of Sedimentologists, 1978–82.
*Senior fellow, Institute of Advanced Studies, Berlin, 1995–96.
*University professor, Nanjing University.
*University professor, Beijing University of Geosciences.

'''Advisory work'''

Hsu was a convener of numerous scientific conferences, founder of several scientific societies, and advisor to the governments of developing countries:

*UNDP Advisor to Maltese Government (1973);
*UNDP Advisor to Chinese Government (1989);
*Advisor to Brazil Government on [[petroleum geology]];
*Advisor to Argentina and Taiwan governments on lake research and global change;
*Advisor to the Chinese Ministry of Geology (1979–87);
*Consultant to the Chinese Ministry of Chemical Industry (1992–1996);
*Consultant to the Chinese Ministry of Petroleum Geology (1992–94);
*Consultant to the Taiwan Museum of Natural History (1995);
*Technical Advisor to the Taiwan National Science Foundation (1996–2000);
*External Examiner to the University of Malaysia.
*Consultant to the Chinese Ministry of Petroleum;
*Consultant to the Chinese Ministry of Geology and Mining;
*Consultant to the Chinese Institute of Geotechnical Investigation (Ministry of Construction).

'''Science politics'''

His co-organized a consortium of 15 European member states to join the International Ocean Drilling Program.

'''Contributions to the geology of China'''

Hsu successfully lobbied for the admission of the Chinese Geological Union to replace the Chinese Geological Society in Taipei as a member of the [[International Union of Geological Sciences]] and was a member of the first IUGS delegation to China. He served the Chinese Ministry of Geology and Mining in giving training programs for [[Sedimentology]] (1979), Field Geology of [[Tibet]] (1980) and [[Plate Tectonics]] (1992). From 1983 to 1995, he assisted the Institute of Geology of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] with the completion of a project on plate tectonics and to publish a new Geological [[Atlas]] of China.

'''Appreciation'''

Two [[Festschrift]] symposia books, ''Controversies in Geology'', and ''Paradoxes in Geology'', were published by Hsu's colleagues on his 60th and 70th birthdays. In September 2009, his contributions to China and to science were acknowledged at a conference in Beijing, attended by dignitaries from government, industry and academia.

==Entrepreneurial activities==

'''Enterprise'''

After his retirement, Hsu made several inventions in mining, oil, water and energy technology, and founded various companies including Tarim Resource Recycling Limited (UK, 2003); Kenneth Hsu IHC Technology & Development Limited (China, 2005) and Lazarus Energy International Limited (UK, 2007).

'''Inventions'''

Hsu was awarded 16 patents in mining, petroleum, water, carbon, energy and environment management, including the '''Hydro-Transistor''' and '''Integrated Hydrologic Circuit (IHC).'''

Hsu's technologies applied in China [http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=239576] included:
*3-D Enhanced Oil Recovery of the world's residual oil reserves;
*Lithium Production from brine lakes and sea water to empower hybrid vehicles;
*Water Availability by waste water recycling and rainwater harvesting to eliminate shortages;
*Nitrite-Free Drinking Water scientifically demonstrated to reduce the cancer mortality rate by half;
*Nitrite-Free Sewage-Treatment Works to denitritize the drinking water supply;
*Lake Rehabilitation by eliminating algal pollution through sequestering of carbon dioxide;
*Biofuel Generation by utilizing carbon dioxide emissions to mitigate the burning of fossil fuels;
*Capillary Irrigation to conserve water whilst reclaiming land without utilizing surface irrigation;
*Land Reclamation and Desert Greening by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide;
*Hydro-Electricity without building hydro-electric dams.

'''Endorsements'''

After extensive research and development, Hsu's water technologies were unanamiously endorsed by an expert panel called by the Chinese State Counsellors' Office (Civilian Chief of Staff) of the Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao; and by Nobel Laureate Samuel Ting, and University of California Chancellor, Henry Yang, who both served on the Chinese Premiere's KHC Advisory Board.[http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=239576]

In 2000, Hsu combined the newly developed enhanced oil recovery techniques of hydro-fracturing and horizontal drilling, with water flooding, to invent a totally new process of residual oil recovery (ROR), called 3-dimensional fluid injection, to exploit residual oil. The method utilized water rather than carbon dioxide, although carbon dioxide can also be used in the process. Hsu suggested the technique could increase the recoverable petroleum reserve of the world by a factor of 50% or more.<ref>http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2008/08070hsu/hsu.pdf Hsu 3-D Fluid Injection Document 2008</ref> [http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=241291]

With the full support of the Chinese Prime Minister, Wen Jiabao, in February 2006, an Expert Panel called by former Petroleum Minister Dr Wang Tao, unanimously agreed Hsu's ROR invention was innovative, and should be tested and applied in China. In April 2006, [[PetroChina]] reported a successful test at the Changqing Oil Field (Northwest China), first discovered in 1907. Prior to the test, its annual production was about 10,000 tons. In 2006, this rose to 10 million tons, and in 2007, to 20 million tons.<ref>http://aapg08.onlineevent.com/PresentationLaunch.aspx?PresentationID=1630{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} KH AAPG Video Presentation 2008</ref>

'''Ventures'''

Hsu is active with institutions, organizations and corporations to apply the new technologies in China and internationally.

'''Consultancy'''

Hsu is president of the IHC Technology & Development Corporation (China), senior advisor and chief engineer to the Kenneth Hsu Institute for IHC Development (National Institute Of Earth Sciences, Beijing) and director of the Center for Environmental & Health Engineering (Henan University, Kaifeng). His work on the link between nitrite in drinking water and cancer was documented in ''The Ecologist'' journal.<ref>http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/269421/cancersupporting_nitrites_an_alltoofamiliar_story.html Nitrites & Cancer by Oliver Tickell, The Ecologist, 2008</ref>

==Career timeline==

*1944-48 Bachelor of Science in geology, Nanjing University, China.
*1948-50 M.A. degree in geology, Ohio State University, USA.
*1950-53 Doctorate in geology and geophysics, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.  
*1954-63 Research geologist and research associate, Shell Development Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA.
*1963-64 Associate professor, State University of New York at Binhamton, USA.
*1964-67 Associate professor, University of California at Riverside, USA.
*1967-94 Professor, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
*1994 Chief executive, Tarim Associates for Mineral & Oil Exploration AG, Switzerland.
*1999 Chief executive, Fengshui Water Technology Limited, Lichtenstein.
*2003 Chief executive and chairman of the board, Tarim Resource Recycling Limited, UK.
*2005 President, Kenneth Hsu Corporation of Integrated Hydrologic Circuit Technology & Development, Beijing, China.
*2007 Chief executive, Lazarus Oil International, UK.
*2007 Director, Kenneth Hsu Consulting, UK.
*2007 Chief engineer and senior advisor, Institute for IHC Development, National Institute Of Earth Sciences, Beijing, China.
*2007 Director, Center for Environmental & Health Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.

==Notable writings==

Hsu authored or edited over 20 books, many in multiple languages, and was elected an International Writer of the Year by the International Book Club (Cambridge, UK) in 2003.

'''The Mediterranean Was A Desert, 1982'''

The book concerned Hsu's work deciphering the [[Messinian Salinity Crisis]] and provided a first-hand account of one of the most significant deep-sea drilling cruises ever launched. The voyage, Leg 13 of the D/V Glomar Challenger, was undertaken in 1970 and led to the hypothesis that 5.5 million years ago, the Mediterranean was a desert. It documented the adventures of the oceanographic expedition and offered portraits of 'big' science and 'big' scientists at work, with human touches, as a memoir for historians of science.<ref>The Urantia Book, Editors: Richard Bain, Ken Glasziou, Matt Neibaur, & Frank Wright, Jesusonian Foundation, Colorado, "In 1970 the Glomar Challenger sailed for the Mediterranean Sea. Two scientists, Bill Ryan and Ken Hsu, were looking for evidence of the early history of the Mediterranean."</ref><ref>C. Vita-Finzi, Times Literary Supplement, April 1984: "In his book Hsu narrated a blow-by-blow account of the discovery that the Mediterranean had been a desert caused by the Messinian desiccation at the end of the Miocene.... Echoing a long-standing fictional conceit, Hsu boldly proposed that 5.5 million years ago the Mediterranean had completely dried up to become a salt-strewn desert. Hsu may tell us too much about his toothache and too little about his Chinese antecedents, but he amply succeeds in conveying the emotions and tensions of the cruise and the excitement that accompanies the birth of a persuasive hunch."</ref><ref>Ellen Drake, Geology, September 1984: "The whole adventure illustrates how modern science, big science, works, sometimes right on target because of brilliant intuition, sometimes hit-or-miss, and often frustrating because of wrong decisions or equipment breakdown. All students of earth science must read this book. Others should read it for pure enjoyment."</ref> The book was selected by [[Philip Morrison]] of [[Scientific American]] as one of the 100 most significant and influential books of science in the 20th century. A film was also made by PBS, based on the book.

'''Challenger At Sea, 1983'''

The book was an overview of the then current state of marine geology and a source book for the history of that science, and was used as a geology textbook for non-majors.<ref>J. R. Cann, of The [[Times Higher Education Supplement]]: "Not only is the book good fun, and an honest account of how real science works, but it is a lesson for all practising scientists, especially those who find themselves tempted to be irritatingly conservative."</ref><ref>Peter J. Smith, ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'': "That this book succeeds in imparting the flavour of what it must be like to take part in such a knife-edged enterprise likewise says much about Hsu’s skill as a communicator, not only of facts and events but also of hopes, fears, elation, despair and, above all, enthusiasm. Hsu has managed to reach parts of the scientific undertaking that most others have been unable or unwilling to reach; and the result is an impressive, if informal and racy account, for layperson and scientist alike, of the nerve-racking business of wresting information from the Earth’s deeper ocean crust."</ref><ref>Philip Morrison, [[Scientific American]]: "The book is a personal and candid chronicle of Hsu’s Leg 13, a tale of garbled radio messages, stubborn management, elated success, grim failure, shipboard intrigue and loyal and delighted colleagues. But his warmth, good humor and candid manner remain much as they must have been when he spent all those days and nights forward in the noisy little driller’s shack just starboard on the tower. The plentiful photographs, maps and bottom profiles are evocative and helpful. This is a winning account of a sunny and serendipitous quest after deep secrets, of youth and insight and simplicity amid world tangles, and not least a "testimonial to a friendship born at sea"."</ref>

'''The Great Dying, 1986'''

The book described the circumstances leading to the discovery that the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|dinosaur extinction]] was triggered by a cometary impact. An inquiry into the nature of survival and extinction, it was published in 6 languages, selling over 170,000 copies worldwide, selling 28,000 copies in the United States between 1986 and 1988; 100,000 copies in mainland China in 1989 and 40,000 copies in Taiwan. A popular newspaper in Taipei ''United Post'' featured ''The Great Dying'' in its weekly list of best-selling books list for more than a year, and it was chosen as a top non-fiction book of the year in August 1992. Originally intended to teach the public, the book was used as a textbook in the United States for its scientific method. A film was also made based on the book by ZDF.

In the book, Hsu marshalled "some of the most gripping and controversial geological discoveries of our time to blast Darwin’s claim and to shake the foundations of his evolutionary theory,"<ref>The Great Dying, Kenneth Hsu, Ballantine Books</ref> showing evidence indicating a meteor collided with the Earth, 66 million years ago, leaving much of it uninhabitable, and warning that a similar event may threaten humanity in the future.<ref>[[Scientific American]], in September 1987, Philip Morrison : "Hsu writes with unusual clarity and intimacy. He spells out the full logical content of his arguments with more attention to how he came by his premises than is common in popular exposition. The book offers more, a first chapter and a last one. They are attractive, strong, compassionate and well argued. This brilliant geologist has divided a lifetime among three cultures, in China, America and Switzerland. He was certainly an achieve in his American phase. Now, however, he leans toward the Tao. In a cogent but brief discussion he finds no validity in natural selection as a driving force for evolution. Adaptation is real, but not natural selection. That is deeper water."</ref><ref>Lee Dembard, [[Los Angeles Times]]: "Hsu may well be right that chance is as important to evolution as any other factor. He presents, discusses and analyzes the evidence in support of the comet-extinction theory of dinosaurs and other species, and he shows the role he has played in its development. Hsu’s argument does not show that Darwin’s idea of natural selection is wrong. It merely shows that natural selection may not be evolution’s only determinant."</ref>

Hsu criticized Charles Darwin's theory of [[natural selection]].<ref>Morrison, Philip. (1987). ''Reviewed Work: The Great Dying by Hsü Kenneth J.'' ''[[Scientific American]]'' 256 (4): 26-28.</ref><ref>Rich, H. V. (1989). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230512040404/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/89EO00213 ''The Great Dying: Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs, and the Theory of Evolution'']. ''[[Eos (magazine)|Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union]]'' 70 (27): 690.</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-30-vw-1281-story.html "Book Review : Chance in a Collision With Darwinism"]. Los Angeles Times.</ref> According to Hsu "If most extinctions are caused by catastrophes... then chance, not superiority, presides over who shall live and who shall die. Indeed, the whole course of evolution may be governed by chance, and not reflect at all the slow march from inferior to superior forms so beloved by Victorians, and so deeply embedded in Western thought."<ref name="Los Angeles Times"/> The book endorses [[catastrophism]] and [[non-Darwinian evolution]].<ref name="Los Angeles Times"/>

'''Klima Macht Geschichte, 2000'''

''[[Klima Macht Geschichte: Menschheitsgeschichte als Abbild der Klimaentwicklung|Klima Macht Geschichte]]'' presented a theory of climate and history, looking at future climate changes based on historical, archaeological and helio-biological evidence. It made the prediction of global cooling of the planet in the last decades of the 21st century, and the coming of a little ice age before 2500. The claim forecast was corroborated by scientists [[Khabibullo Abdusamatov]],{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} [[Yuk Yung]], John Cassey,<ref>http://www.spaceandscience.net S&SR Center Official Site</ref> [[Nigel Calder]], [[Henrik Svensmark]], [[Alexander Chizhevsky]] and [[John D. Hamaker]] [http://www.remineralize.org]. Orell Fussli Verlag [http://www.books.ch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001055107/http://books.ch/ |date=2005-10-01 }} published the book after an article about Hsu appeared in Bilanz Magazine [https://web.archive.org/web/20100208082239/http://www.bilanz.ch/] in 1998. Earlier, in 1992, Hsu wrote in ''Geographical Magazine'', "Perhaps our species was created by Gaia to prevent a catastrophic chill" in reference to his published paper '''Is Gaia Endothermic?'', on which the book is also based.<ref>Geographical Magazine, March 1992.</ref>

'''Amadeus & Magdalena, 2002'''

Published in Chinese, English and German, with a Chinese translation titled "莫扎特的愛與死".,<ref name="Chinese translation">{{Cite web|url= http://product.dangdang.com/product.aspx?product_id=9239458|title=link to Chinese translation of his book on the death of Mozart|access-date=2007-04-30}}</ref><ref name="another Chinese translation">{{Cite web|url=http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010198339|title=link to an earlier (2002) Chinese translation in traditional Chinese characters, with a title "阿瑪迪斯的愛與死"|access-date=2007-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929084046/http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010198339|archive-date=2007-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="earlier Chinese translation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010198339|title=link to an earlier (2002) Chinese translation in traditional Chinese characters, with a title "阿瑪迪斯的愛與死"|access-date=2024-01-24}}</ref> the book presented Hsu's musicological theory about the death of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].

==Works==
A complete list of books by Kenneth Hsu is available at the Kenneth J. Hsu Official Site.

===Amadeus & Magdalena===
*2002, ''Amadeus & Magdalena: A Love Story''. Distributed through Master Classics (UK). English.
*2002, ''Amadeus & Magdalena: A Love Story''. German.
*2002, ''Amadeus & Magdalena: A Love Story''. Taipei: Commonwealth Publishers, 218pp. Chinese.

===Challenger At Sea===
*1982, ''Ein Schiff revolutioniert die Wissenschaft''. Hamburg,: Hoffmann & Campe Verlag, 304 pp. German.
*1985, ''Ein Schiff revolutioniert die Wissenschaft,'' Beijing: Geology Publishing House, 175 pp. German.
*1994, ''Challenger at Sea: A Ship that Revolutionized Earth Science'', New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 416 pp. Hardback. English.
*1994, ''Challenger at Sea: A Ship that Revolutionized Earth Science'', New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 418 pp. Paperback edition. English.
*1994, ''Challenger at Sea: A Ship that Revolutionized Earth Science'', New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 418 pp. Revised edition. English.
*1999, ''Challenger at Sea: A Ship that Revolutionized Earth Science'', Tokyo: Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 483 pp. Japanese.

===Climate And Peoples===
*2000, Climate And Peoples: A Theory Of Climate Changes & Their Impacts On Hominid Evolution, Language Dispersal & Demographic Migrations. English.
*2000, ''[[Klima Macht Geschichte: Menschheitsgeschichte als Abbild der Klimaentwicklung]]'', Zurich: Orell Füssli Verlag, 334 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|3-280-02406-4}}. German. (''Climate Makes History: The History Of Mankind As A Reflection Of Climatic Evolution'')
*2002, ''Klima nacht Geschichte'', Taiwan: Commonwealth Publishers. Chinese.

===Gaia & The Cambrian Explosion===
*1996, ''Gaia & The Cambrian Explosion: A Short History for Everyone of Life on Earth''. Taichung: Chinese National Museum Of Natural History, Taiwan, 51pp. Chinese.
*1996, ''Gaia & The Cambrian Explosion: A Short History for Everyone of Life on Earth''. German.

===Geologic Atlas Of China===
*1998, ''Geologic Atlas of China'', Amsterdam: Elsevier, 24 plates, 362 pp. English.
*1998, ''Geologic Atlas of China''. Chinese.

===Geology Of Switzerland===
*1991, ''Geologie der Schweiz,'' Basel: Birkhouser, 219pp. Hardback. German.
*1995, ''Geology of Switzerland: An Introduction to Tectonic Facies''. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 250 pp. English.

===Tectonic Facies Of China===
*1992, ''Tectonic Facies of China''. China: Marine Geology Research Institute (Qingdao), 96 pp.&nbsp;Chinese.
*1996, ''Tectonic Facies of China''. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. English.
*1996, ''Tectonic Facies of China''. German.

===The Great Dying===
*1986, La Gran Extinción, Barcelona: Antoni Bosch Editorial, 268 pp. Spanish.
*1986, The Great Dying: Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs & The Theory of Evolution, San Diego: Random House, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Hardback, 292pp. English.
*1988, The Great Dying. Dutch.
*1989, The Great Dying, China edition, Beijing: San-lien Publishers, 317 pp.&nbsp;Chinese.
*1990, Die Letzten Jahre Der Dinosaurier, Germany: Birkhäuser, Basel, 270 pp. German.
*1991, The Great Dying, Taiwan edition, Taipei: Commonwealth Publishers, 374 pp.&nbsp;Chinese.
*1988, The Great Dying: Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs & The Theory of Evolution, USA: Random House, Ballantine, Pan. Paperback. English.
*1993, La Grande Moria Dei Dinosauri, Milan: Adelphi Edizioni S.P.A., 374 pp.&nbsp;Italian.
*1994, The Great Dying, Italian Book Club edition. Italian.

===The Mediterranean Was A Desert===
*1982, T''he Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of The Glomar Challenger'', New Jersey: Princeton University Press, Hardback. 197pp. English.
*1982, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of The Glomar Challenger''. German.
*1983, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of The Glomar Challenger''. Italian.
*1986, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of Discovery'', Beijing: San-lien Publishers, 215 pp.&nbsp;Chinese.
*1987, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of Discovery,'' China edition, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 197pp. Chinese.
*1987, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of The Glomar Challenger,'' New Jersey: Princeton University Press, Paperback. English.
*1993, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of Discovery'', Taiwan, Taipei: Commonwealth Publishers, 260 pp.&nbsp;Chinese.
*1996, ''The Mediterranean Was a Desert: A Voyage of Discovery,'' New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 197 pp. English.

===The Search===
*1997, The Search: The Younger Years of Kenneth J. Hsu (Aloneness & Search), Taipei: Commonwealth Publishers, 474pp. Chinese.
*1997, The Search: The Younger Years of Kenneth J. Hsu (Aloneness & Search). German.
*1997, The Search: The Younger Years of Kenneth J. Hsu (Aloneness & Search). Unpublished. English.

=== Physics of sedimentology: textbook and reference ===

==Selected articles==

Hsu is the author or co-author of more than 400 scientific articles on Archaeology, Cancer, Chronon Physics, Climatology, Cosmology, Cytology, Epistemology, Evolution, Fractal Geometry, Gaia, Geology, Heliobiology, History, Hydro-Physics, Languages, Marine Biology, Mathematics, Marine Biology, Music, Oceanography, Palaeontology, Paleoclimatology, Philosophy, Politics, Religion and Symbiogenesis. A complete list of articles by Kenneth Hsu is available at the Kenneth J. Hsu Official Site [http://www.kennethjhsu.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406091112/http://www.kennethjhsu.com/ |date=2009-04-06 }}.

===Climate articles===

*''Climate for the 21st Century and Beyond from a Calibrated Solar-Output Model'' with Dr. Charles A. Perry (USGS), 2001, in West, G.J., and Buffaloe, L.D., eds., Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop, May 22–25, 2000, Two Harbors, Santa Catalina Island, California: Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary Technical Report 67, p.&nbsp;120.[https://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/abstracts/cap.052200.html]
*''Geophysical, Archaeological & Historical Evidence Supports A Solar Model For Climate Change'' with Dr. Charles A. Perry (United States Geological Survey), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 2000, Volume 97, pages 12433–438, 2000. English. [http://www.pnas.org/content/97/23/12433.short PNAS Short version][http://www.pnas.org/content/97/23/12433.full.pdf PNAS Long version][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC18780/ Pub Med ASCII version]
*''The Mortality Of The Planet'' in ''Is the World Ending?'', Sean Freyne & Nicholas Lash (Editors), SCM Press (London), 1998. English. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Dutch and German, from Concilium. [http://www.concilium.org/english/ct984.htm]
*''Un Planeta En Peligro De Muerte'' in ''Is the World Ending?'', Sean Freyne & Nicholas Lash (Editors), SCM Press (London), 1998. English.  Spanish translation in Concilium.
*"Sun, Climate, Famine & Great Ethnic Migrations", ''Science In China/Chinese Science Bulletin''. 28 (4): 336–384, 1998. [https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02877737]
*''"''Could Global Warming Be A Blessing For Mankind?", Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences/TAUS, Chinese Academy of Science, Taipei, Taiwan, September 1996 [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009042412/http://www.tao.cgu.org.tw/index.php?id=204]
*''Is Gaia Endothermic?'', Geological Magazine, 129 (2), pp.&nbsp;129–141, XIV, March 1992. English. [http://www.geolmag.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/129/2/129]
*''Gaia Has A Strange Attractor: Interactions Of Geospheres & Biospheres During 4 Billion Years of Earth History'', Unknown
*''Has Global Warming Been A Blessing To Mankind?'', Unknown. Early version of ''Could Global Warming Be A Blessing For Mankind?''.
*''Gaia & The Cambrian Explosion: A Short History For Everyone Of Life On Earth'', Chinese National Museum of Natural History, Taiwan, September 1996.

===Science articles===
*''The Dark Side Of Science'', Global View Monthly, Commonwealth Publishers, Taipei, Taiwan, 1998.
*''In Search Of A Common Language'', Transfigural Mathematics, [http://www.transmath.de], Volume 2, Number 1, 1996, pp41–59
*''In Search Of A Common Language'', Arbeitsberichte, Wissenschaftskolleg, Jahbrbuch 1995–1996, pp87–95
*''In Search Of A Physical Theory Of Time'', PNAS. [http://www.pnas.org/content/89/21/10222.full.pdf]
*''Are Chronons the Elementary Particles in Space and Time?'', Terrestrial, Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, Volume 7, Number 239–255, June 1996. TAO, PO Box 23–59, Taipei, Taiwan, PRC.
*''Why I Write'', Transfigural Mathematics, Volume 1, Number 5, 1996, pp-11-18
*''Why Isaac Newton Was Not A Chinese'', 24 June 1994, Abschiedsvorlesung von Prof. Dr. Kenneth J. Hsu, Auditorium Maximum der ETH Zurich
*''Fractal Geometry Of A Career'' in Controversies in Modern Geology: Evolution of Geological Theories in Sedimentology, Earth History & Tectonics, edited by D.W. Müller, J.A. McKenzie, H. Weissert, Academic Press-Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, London, New York, Sydney, 1991.

===Evolution articles===
*''Is Darwinism Science? Taoists, Nazis and Gamblers Offer Different Views Of Evolution'', Earthwatch Magazine, March 1989, pp15–17.
*''Catastrophic Extinctions & The Inevitability Of The Improbable'', Referat und Diskussion der 28. Sitzung der Studiengruppe Energieperspektiven Baden, 26. Marz 1987, Doukumentation Nr. 28, Studiengruppe Energieperspektiven.
*''Evolution, Ideology, Darwinism and Science'', Klin Wochenschr (1989), 67:923-928, Klinische Wochen-schrift, Springer-Verlag, 1989
*''Catastrophic Extinctions & The Inevitability Of The Improbable'', Journal of the Geological Society, London, Volume 146, 1989, pp749–754, 5 figs. pp749–754
*''Darwin's Three Mistakes'', Geology, Volume 14, p532-534, June, p532-534, June 1996

===Geology articles===

*''Lost Secrets Of The Mediterranean: 2000 meters beneath the sea, grand canyons, death valleys and the pillars of Atlantis'', The Sciences, USA: The New York Academy of Sciences, pp44–51. Undated.
*''Environmental Changes in Times of Biotic Crisis'', Processes in the History Of Life, Raup & Jablonski, Dahlem Conference 1986, Berlin, pp297–312
*''When The Mediterranean Dried Up: 6 million years ago, the Mediterranean basin was a desert 10,000 feet deep'', Unknown, p25-37, 12 pages
*''Sedimentary Geology & Biologic Evolution - Reply'', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Volume 57, Number 4, July 1987, Society of Economic Paleontologists & Mineralogists
*''Mountain-building'', Elsevier Science, 1996, pp8–11
*''Acceptance Speech by K. J. Hsu to the Geological Society of America, on the Occasion of an Award of the Penrose Medal'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20090407140953/http://www.kennethjhsu.com/mylife.html#speech]

===Music articles===
*''Fractal Geometry of Music: From Birdsong To Bach'', with Andres Hsu, USA: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87 (1990), 938–941. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130124061459/http://www.pnas.org/content/87/3/938.full.pdf]
*''Fractal Geometry Of Music: Physics Of Melody'', with Andres Hsu, Proceedings National Academy Of Science, Volume 87, pp938–941, Feb 1990, Physics

==Materials citing Hsu==

'''Books'''

* ''Streit um heiße Luft: Die Kohlendioxid Debatte'', Uwe Schulte,  Hirzel, Stuttgart, 2003. {{ISBN|3-7776-1186-7}}.
* ''Paradoxes in Modern Geology'', Editors: Briegel & Xiao, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2001. {{ISBN|0-444-50560-1}}
* ''Controversies in Modern Geology: Evolution of Geological Theories in Sedimentology, Earth History & Tectonics'', edited by D.W. Müller, J.A. McKenzie, H. Weissert, Academic Press-Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, London, New York, Sydney, 1991.

'''Articles'''

* ''An Appreciation of Professor Kenneth Jinghwa Hsu on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday Celebration'', Controversies in Modern Geology: Evolution of Geological Theories, in Sedimentology, Earth History & Tectonics, edited by D.W. Müller, J.A. McKenzie, H. Weissert, Academic Press-Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, London, New York, Sydney, 1991.
* ''Physics Chronon Challenge'', Transfigural Mathematics (Berlin, Germany), Volume 2, Number 1, 1996. Interview by Lere O. Shakunle pp 67–73.
* ''Je Pense Que Je Suis Un Genie'', P. Imper & M. Schlapfer, Bilanz Magazine, Switzerland (French edition), pp 44, 4 pages, 1998.
* ''Ich denke, ich bin ein Genie'', Bilanz Magazine, Switzerland (German edition), pp 154, 5 pages, November 1997
* ''Chance in a Collision with Darwinism'', Lee Dembart, Los Angeles Times, 1980s
*''Mediterranean desert, Christopher Wren, and industrial chemistry'', Philip Morrison (MIT), Scientific American, 1987
* ''The Mediterranean Was A Desert'', International Oceanographic Foundation, 5 September 1987
* ''Below the Bottom'', C. Vita-Finzi, Times Literary Supplement, 27 April 1984
* ''Homo sapiens: a temporary warming trend?'', Ptolemy, Geographical Magazine, August 1992, pp58
* ''Love that Pleistocene!'', Ptolemy, Geographical Magazine, February 1993, pp50
*''The Mediterranean Was A Desert'', Geology, September 1984

'''Films'''

*''The Mediterranean Was A Desert'', BBC. Producer: David Attenborough.
*''The Mediterranean Was A Desert'', PBS, 45 minutes. Producer: Madeline Peck. Director: Philip Morisson.<ref>Part 4, Clues, in The Ring of Truth, Philip Morrison, PBS, {{ISBN|1-578079-97-7}} , 1987</ref>
*''The Mediterranean Was A Desert'', ZDF, Producer: Hoimar Von Ditfurth.
*''The Great Dying'', PBS. Producer: Madeline Peck. Director: Philip Morisson.
*''The Great Dying'', ZDF, Producer: Hoimar Von Ditfurth.
*''Landsliding: The Mountain'', BBC Horizon.
*''Landsliding: The Mountain Slide'', BBC Horizon.
*''Climate And Tibet'', BBC Horizon. Producer: Walter Suche.

==Other writings==
*1970	Development of the Northern Apennines Geosyncline, ed. by G. Sestini, Palaoegeography, Palaeoclimatol, Palaeocol., 11, (1972), pp.&nbsp;72–74, XIV
*1973	Atlas of Palaeobiogeography, ed. by [[Anthony Hallam]], Sedimentology (1973), v. 20, Aug. 1973, pp.&nbsp;453–454, XIII
*1974	Marine Evaporites, Origin, Diagenesis and Geochemistry, ed. by D.W. Kirkland, et al. Sedimentology, v. 21, no. 3, Aug. 1974, pp.&nbsp;486–487, XIII.
*1977	International Stratigraphic Guide, ed. by H.D. Hedberg, et al., Sedimentology (1977), v. 24, pp.&nbsp;597–598, XIII.
*1978	Sedimentary Rocks, by F.J. Petitjohn - Sedimentary Petrology, Part II, by H. Füchtbauer - Sediment Petrologie, Teil II, by H. Füchtbauer & G. Müller - Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, by H. Blatt, et al. Sedimentology (1978), 25, pp.&nbsp;149–152, XIII
*1978	The Evolution of North America, by Ph. B. King - Studies in Palaeo-Oceanography, by W.W. Hay - Palaeographic Provinces and Provinciality, by Ch. A. Ross - Tectonics and Sedimentation, by W.R. Dickinson Sedimentology, v. 25, no. 5, Oct. 1978, pp.&nbsp;732–735, XIII.
*1979	Sorby on Geology, ed. by Ch. Summerson, Sedimentology, v. 26, no. 6, Dec. 1979, pp.&nbsp;873–875, XIII.
*1981	The Geological Evolution of the River Nile, by R. Said, Springer 1981, 151 pp.&nbsp;73 figs., in Die Naturwissenschaften, Heidelberg, Nawi BB577.
*1983	Sedimentary Petrology, by H. Blatt, Sedimentology, v. 30, no. 4, Aug. 1983, pp.&nbsp;586–587, XIII.
*1985	Memoirs of an Unrepentant Field Geologist, by P.J. Pettijohn, Sedimentology (1985), 32, pp.&nbsp;615–616, XIII
*1985	Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin, by D.J. Stanley & F.C. Wezel, Springer Verlag, 1985, 589 pp., XIII.
*1985	The Caledonide Orogon-Scandinavia and Related Area: ed. D.G. Gee & B.A. Sturt, Chichester, 1985 (John Wiley & Son), XIII
*1987	The Ocean of Truth, by H.W. Menard, Geochimica et Cosmochimica, v. 51, pp.&nbsp;2045–2046, 1987, USA, XIII.
*1988	The Geology of China, by Yang Zunyi et al., Geology, Jan. 1988, XIII
*1990	The Origin of Species Revisited : The Theories of Evolution and of Abrupt Appearance (2 v.); by W.R. Bird. New York 1989 (Philosophical Library). American Journal of Science, Vol. 290, November 1990, No. 9, p.&nbsp;1090-1092. XIV
*1991	Scientist of Empire, by Robert A. Stafford, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1989, 293 p. in GSA Today, Vol. 1, No. 2, Feb. 1991, p.&nbsp;40, 41, 43. XIV
*1993	The Tancheng-Lujiang Wrench Fault System, Xu Jiawei, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K., 1993, XV + 279 pp.

== Notable lectures ==
*''In Search Of A Common Language: What Does Modern Physics Have In Common With Traditional Chinese Medicine?'', The Ashby Lecture, 15 March 2000, Clare Hall College, Cambridge University, UK.
*''Nitrite Pollution & Cancer'', Queen Mary College, University of London, 15 February 2008. In association with CSSA UK.
*''Residual Oil Exploitation for Stable Economy and Transition'', School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London, 23 January 2009. In association with CSSA UK.
*''The Kenneth J. Hsu Oil & Water Press Conference'', Geological Society, 15 October 2008, Geological Society of London, UK. In association with CSSA UK.

== See also ==
*[[List of ETH Zurich people]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kennethjhsu.com Kenneth J. Hsu Official Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406091112/http://www.kennethjhsu.com/ |date=2009-04-06 }}
*[https://ks.water.usgs.gov/waterdata/climate Charles A. Perry - List of online Papers]
*[https://ks.water.usgs.gov/waterdata/climate/biblio.html Perry & Hsu - List of online Papers]
{{Peak oil}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hsu, Kenneth J.}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese geologists]]
[[Category:Chinese climatologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Swiss geologists]]
[[Category:Swiss non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Swiss male writers]]
[[Category:National Central University alumni]]
[[Category:Nanjing University alumni]]
[[Category:Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Penrose Medal winners]]
[[Category:Wollaston Medal winners]]
[[Category:Sustainability advocates]]
[[Category:Independent scientists]]
[[Category:Non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Sinica]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Writers from Nanjing]]
[[Category:State University of New York faculty]]
[[Category:University of California faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of ETH Zurich]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Nanjing]]
[[Category:Catastrophism]]
[[Category:Non-Darwinian evolution]]
[[Category:Paleoclimatologists]]
[[Category:Chinese oceanographers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Nanjing]]
[[Category:Symbiogenesis researchers]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni]]
[[Category:Male non-fiction writers]]