View source for Kent Conrad

{{Short description|American politician (born 1948)}}
{{redirect|Senator Conrad}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Kent Conrad
| image               = Kent Conrad official portrait.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, {{circa|1990s}}
| office              = Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on the Budget|Senate Budget Committee]]
| term_start          = January 4, 2007
| term_end            = January 3, 2013
| predecessor         = [[Judd Gregg]]
| successor           = [[Patty Murray]]
| term_start1         = June 6, 2001
| term_end1           = January 3, 2003
| predecessor1        = [[Pete Domenici]]
| successor1          = [[Don Nickles]]
| jr/sr2              = United States
| state2              = [[North Dakota]]
| term_start2         = December 14, 1992
| term_end2           = January 3, 2013
| predecessor2        = [[Jocelyn Burdick]]
| successor2          = [[Heidi Heitkamp]]
| term_start3         = January 3, 1987
| term_end3           = December 14, 1992
| predecessor3        = [[Mark Andrews (politician)|Mark Andrews]]
| successor3          = [[Byron Dorgan]]
| office4             = 19th [[List of North Dakota Tax Commissioners|Tax Commissioner of North Dakota]]
| governor4           = [[Allen I. Olson|Allen Olson]]<br>[[George A. Sinner|George Sinner]]
| term_start4         = January 6, 1981
| term_end4           = December 2, 1986
| predecessor4        = Byron Dorgan
| successor4          = Heidi Heitkamp
| birth_name          = Gaylord Kent Conrad
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1948|3|12}}
| birth_place         = [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], U.S.
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ([[North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party|D-NPL]])
| spouse              = {{marriage|Pam Schafer|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|Lucy Calautti|1987}}
| children            = Jessamyn Conrad
| education           = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[George Washington University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| signature           = Kent Conrad Signature.svg
| module              = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Sen. Kent Conrad Opens a Senate Budget Committee Hearing on Job Growth.ogg |title=Conrad's voice |type=speech |description=Conrad opening a [[United States Senate Committee on the Budget|Senate Budget Committee]] hearing on promoting job growth.<br>Recorded September 20, 2011}}
}}
'''Gaylord Kent Conrad'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Kent Conrad|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/politics/election/2002nov/bios/snd1dem.dtl|access-date=January 2, 2012|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]}} {{Dead link|date=August 2012|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> (born March 12, 1948) is a former American politician who was a [[United States Senate|United States senator]] from [[North Dakota]]. He is a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. First elected to the Senate in 1986, he served as chairman or ranking member of the [[United States Senate Committee on the Budget|Senate Budget Committee]] for 12 years.

On January 18, 2011, Conrad announced that he was retiring from politics and would not run for reelection in [[2012 United States Senate election in North Dakota|2012]].<ref name="npr.org">{{cite news |date=January 18, 2011 |author=Mark Memmott |title=Sen. Conrad, D-N.D., Won't Run In 2012 |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/01/18/133018456/sen-conrad-d-n-d-wont-run-in-2012}}</ref> He said in a statement that it was more important that "I spend my time and energy trying to focus on solving the nation's budget woes than be distracted by another campaign."<ref name="npr.org"/> Fellow Democrat [[Heidi Heitkamp]] was elected to replace him.

Conrad currently co-chairs the [[Bipartisan Policy Center]]'s Commission on Retirement Security and Personal Savings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kent Conrad, Co-Chair, Commission on Retirement Security and Personal Savings; Former Senator from North Dakota |publisher=Bipartisan Policy Center |url=https://bipartisanpolicy.org/person/kent-conrad/}}</ref> He is also a member of the ReFormers Caucus of [[Issue One]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ReFormers Caucus Members |year=2023 |publisher=Reformers |url=https://www.issueone.org/reformers/#reformer-full-list}}</ref> In addition, he serves on the board of directors of the [[Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Board Members |publisher=Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget |url=http://www.crfb.org/board-members}}</ref>

==Early life==
Conrad was born in [[Bismarck, North Dakota]], the son of Abigail and Gaylord E. Conrad.<ref>{{cite web|title=(Gaylord) Kent Conrad|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/senators/conrad.htm|publisher=[[Ancestry.com]]|access-date=January 2, 2012}}</ref> He was orphaned at a young age and subsequently raised by his grandparents in Bismarck.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=TIME |date=2006-04-14 |title=Kent Conrad: The Statistician |url=https://time.com/archive/6919539/kent-conrad-the-statistician/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> He attended Roosevelt Elementary, Hughes Junior High, and [[Wheelus Air Base]] high school in [[Tripoli, Libya]],<ref>{{cite press release |date=October 20, 2011 |url=http://www.conrad.senate.gov/pressroom/record.cfm?id=334544& |title=Statement from Senator Kent Conrad on Death of Moammar Gadhafi |access-date=2012-11-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411144423/https://conrad.senate.gov/pressroom/record.cfm?id=334544& |archive-date=2012-04-11 }}</ref> before eventually graduating from [[Phillips Exeter Academy]]. He then went to college at [[Stanford University|Stanford]], and received an [[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A.]] from [[The George Washington University]].

== Personal life ==
Conrad has been married twice. His first wife, Pam, is the sister of former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and former North Dakota Governor [[Ed Schafer]];<ref>{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Wyant |date=November 12, 2007 |url=https://www.hpj.com/archives/meet-the-nominee-for-secretary-of-agriculture/article_2e8fecce-55b7-59e4-a6e6-3e8f5a077af3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712231519/http://www.hpj.com/archives/2007/nov07/nov12/MeetthenomineeforSecretaryo.cfm |url-status=live |archive-date=2011-07-12 |title=Meet the nominee for Secretary of Agriculture |publisher=High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jerry |last1=Hagstrom |first2=Keith |last2=Koffler |url=http://www.govexec.com/oversight/2007/10/bush-nominates-former-north-dakota-governor-as-agriculture-secretary/25627/ |title=Bush nominates former North Dakota governor as Agriculture secretary |date=October 31, 2007 |publisher=[[Government Executive]]}}</ref> they have a daughter, Jessamyn. Jessamyn Conrad is the author of ''What You Should Know About Politics ... But Don't'', subtitled ''a Nonpartisan Guide'', which was praised by [[Barack Obama]] and [[Bob Dole]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Albert |last=Eisele |date=August 22, 2008 |url=https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2008/08/jessamyn-conrad-political-daughter-political-author-political-future/ |title=Jessamyn Conrad: political daughter, political author (with political future?) |work=[[MinnPost]] |access-date=2023-03-19}}</ref>

On February 14, 1987, Conrad married Lucy Calautti, his 1986 Senate campaign manager, who is now a lobbyist for [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jelsing|first=Catherine|title=For the Love of the Game |url=https://www.ndsu.edu/magazine/vol03_issue01/love_game.shtml
|access-date=January 2, 2012|newspaper=NDSU Magazine|date=Fall 2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105125143/http://www.ndsu.edu/ndsu/news/magazine/vol03_issue01/love_game.shtml|archive-date=January 5, 2013}}</ref>

==Early political career==
After graduating from college, Conrad became a [[civil servant]], working as an assistant to the [[North Dakota State Tax Commissioner]], [[Byron Dorgan]], who later became his colleague in the Senate. Conrad made his first entry into politics when he ran unsuccessfully for the North Dakota Auditor's office in 1976. In 1980 Conrad succeeded Dorgan as Tax Commissioner. Conrad was state tax commissioner until 1986, when he ran for the Senate.

==U.S. Senate career==

===Committee assignments===
*'''[[United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry|Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry]]'''
**[[United States Senate Agriculture Subcommittee on Energy, Science and Technology|Subcommittee on Energy, Science and Technology]]
**[[United States Senate Agriculture Subcommittee on Domestic and Foreign Marketing, Inspection, and Plant and Animal Health|Subcommittee on Domestic and Foreign Marketing, Inspection, and Plant and Animal Health]]
**[[United States Senate Agriculture Subcommittee on Production, Income Protection and Price Support|Subcommittee on Production, Income Protection and Price Support]]
*'''[[United States Senate Committee on the Budget|Committee on the Budget]]''' (chairman)
*'''[[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Committee on Finance]]'''
**[[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure|Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure]]
**[[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Taxation, IRS Oversight, and Long-Term Growth|Subcommittee on Taxation, IRS Oversight, and Long-Term Growth]] (chairman)
**[[United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth|Subcommittee on Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth]]
*'''[[United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs|Committee on Indian Affairs]]'''
*'''[[United States Congress Joint Committee on Taxation|Joint Committee on Taxation]]'''

===Political positions===
[[File:Senator Kent Conrad and President Barack Obama.jpeg|thumb|Conrad with President Barack Obama]]
In April 2006 ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' named Conrad one of "America's 10 Best Senators". That same year ''The American'' commended him for his knowledge of economic issues. Conrad endorsed [[Barack Obama]] in the 2008 Democratic presidential primary.

Conrad was a leading member of the "[[New Energy Reform Act of 2008|Gang of 10]]", a conservative group that pushed for much greater [[offshore drilling]] in sensitive environmental areas. He was well known for using charts as visual aids when speaking in the Senate, which earned him the nickname "Godfather of Charts."<ref>{{cite news |author=Sarah Kliff |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/02/07/heres-what-happens-when-you-move-into-kent-conrads-office/ |title=Here's what happens when you move into Kent Conrad's Senate office |publisher=The Washington Post Wonkblog |date=7 February 2013}}</ref>

====Health care====
In the 2009 negotiations over reforming America's healthcare system, Conrad strongly opposed a "[[Public health insurance option|public option]]." The AFL-CIO announced it would fund a primary challenge to Conrad in 2012 if he continued to oppose a public option.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

On September 29, 2009, Conrad voted with Senate Finance Committee Republicans against an amendment to a health care bill that would have provided for a public option. He was supportive of the [[Stupak-Pitts Amendment]], which places limits on taxpayer-funded abortions in the context of the November 2009 [[Affordable Health Care for America Act]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Jonathan Allen |author2=Carrie Budoff Brown |date=November 9, 2009 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/senate-faces-abortion-rights-rift-029351 |title=Senate faces abortion rights rift |newspaper=Politico}}</ref>

====Social policies====
Conrad is more politically conservative than most Democrats. He voted consistently in favor of banning the [[Intact dilation and extraction|partial-birth abortion]] medical procedure. He also opposes public funding of abortion, but voted in favor of lifting the ban on abortions on military bases.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Social/Kent_Conrad_Abortion.htm#2000-134 |title=Kent Conrad on Abortion |publisher=OnTheIssues}}</ref> Conrad has a mixed record on gay rights. While he personally opposes gay marriage, he voted against a proposed constitutional ban on it and has supported bills that prevent discrimination based on sexual orientation. On January 31, 2006, Conrad was one of four Democrats to vote in favor of confirming Judge [[Samuel Alito]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm Roll Call Vote 109th Congress - 2nd Session (on the confirmation of Samuel Alito of New Jersey)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321194124/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm |date=2017-03-21 }}, ''[[United States Senate]]'', January 31, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kirkpatrick|first1=David D.|title=Alito Sworn In as Justice After Senate Gives Approval|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/politics/politicsspecial1/alito-sworn-in-as-justice-after-senate-gives.html|access-date=26 November 2018|work=The New York Times|date=1 February 2006}}</ref>

====Fiscal policies====
On April 17, 2012, Conrad, a strong supporter of the [[Simpson-Bowles plan]], announced his plan to offer a version of it that he, as a member of the [[National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform]], helped to develop. Lawmakers on the Senate Budget Committee could be forced to vote or modify the plan.<ref>{{cite news |author=Damian Paletta |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/04/17/conrads-budget-surprise-simpson-bowles/ |title=Conrad's Budget Surprise: Simpson-Bowles |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=April 17, 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Ezra Klein |author-link=Ezra Klein |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/can-simpson-bowles-really-pass-the-senate/2012/04/18/gIQASYMfQT_blog.html |title=Can Simpson-Bowles really pass the Senate?] |publisher=[[The Washington Post]] blogs |date= April 18, 2012}}</ref>

Conrad was known for his deep understanding of monetary policies and budget issues. He identifies as a "deficit hawk", supporting a balanced federal budget,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conrad.senate.gov/about/ |title=Senator Kent Conrad &#124; North Dakota |publisher=Conrad.senate.gov |access-date=2010-08-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002080825/http://conrad.senate.gov/about/ |archive-date=2010-10-02 }}</ref> but continues to support farm subsidies. He voted against Republican proposals to repeal the estate and alternative minimum taxes. He supported lower middle-class taxes, but increased taxes for people making more than $1 million per year. In 2010 he supported extending the expiring [[Bush tax cuts]] "at least until the economy is clearly recovering."<ref>{{cite news |author=Kim Dixon |date=July 22, 2010 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tax-pelosi/update-3-divisions-among-dems-over-tax-cuts-for-affluent-idUSN2226200720100722 |title=Divisions among Dems over tax cuts for affluent |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>

Conrad was very vocal in his opposition to the spending policies of the [[George W. Bush administration]]. He contended that Bush worsened the [[government debt|national debt]]. Conrad also opposed most [[free-trade]] measures and strongly supported subsidies to family farmers.

====Foreign policy and national security====
In 1991 Conrad voted against approving the use of military force in [[Iraq]]. He was one of only 23 senators to vote against the [[Iraq Resolution|war resolution of 2002]]. While he initially voted in favor of the [[PATRIOT Act|USA PATRIOT Act]], he has opposed [[warrantless wiretapping]] and government's continued use of the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo Bay]] detention facility.

===Countrywide Financial loan scandal===
{{further|Countrywide financial political loan scandal}}
In June 2008 it was reported that Conrad had received mortgages on favorable terms for a second home and an apartment building due to his association with [[Countrywide Financial]] CEO [[Angelo R. Mozilo]].<ref name="portfolio friends">{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.portfolio.com/news-markets/top-5/2008/06/12/Countrywide-Loan-Scandal
 |title        = Countrywide's Many 'Friends'
 |publisher    = Conde Nast Portfolio
 |date         = June 12, 2008
 |access-date  = June 21, 2008
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080619021600/http://www.portfolio.com/news-markets/top-5/2008/06/12/Countrywide-Loan-Scandal/
 |archive-date = June 19, 2008
 |url-status     = dead
 |df           = mdy-all
}}</ref> Conrad acknowledged that he had spoken with Mozilo by phone.<ref name=nytimesFriends>{{Cite news
|author=Editorial
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/opinion/22sun3.html?ref=opinion
|title=With Friends Like Angelo ...
|work=The New York Times
|date=June 22, 2008
}}</ref> In an April 23, 2004, email about one of Conrad's loans, Mozilo encouraged an employee to "make an exception due to the fact that the borrower is a senator."<ref name="portfolio friends" /> Conrad denied any prior knowledge of such treatment and gave the mortgage discount to charity.<ref name=nytimesFriends/><ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121340441225573983?mod=googlenews_wsj
|author=James R. Hagerty |author2=Damian Paletta |author3=Glenn R. Simpson
|title=Conrad, Dodd Deny Special Treatment on Mortgages
|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal
|date=June 14, 2008
|page=A3
}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington ([[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington|CREW]]) called on the [[United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics|Senate Ethics Committee]] to investigate Conrad. In August 2009, after a yearlong inquiry, the Ethics Committee exonerated Conrad of any unethical behavior in his dealings with Countrywide.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fritze|first=John|title=Dodd, Conrad cleared after ethics probe|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2009/08/68496448/1|access-date=January 2, 2012|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=August 7, 2009}}</ref>

==Electoral history==

===Overview===
In the 1986 election, Conrad defeated the Republican incumbent, [[Mark Andrews (politician)|Mark Andrews]], by 2,120 votes. Andrews had represented North Dakota at the federal level since 1963 (he had previously served in the House before moving to the Senate in 1981).

During the campaign, Conrad pledged that he would not run for reelection if the [[federal budget deficit]] had not fallen substantially by the end of his term. By 1992 it became obvious that this would not be the case, and although polls showed that the electorate would have welcomed his reneging on that pledge, Conrad considered his promise binding and did not run for reelection. Byron Dorgan won the Democratic primary election.

Conrad received an opportunity to remain in the Senate when North Dakota's other senator, long-serving Dem-NPLer [[Quentin Burdick]], died on September 8, 1992. Burdick's widow, [[Jocelyn Burdick|Jocelyn Birch Burdick]], was appointed to the seat temporarily, but a special election was needed to fill the rest of the term. Viewing this opportunity as different from running for reelection, Conrad ran for and won the Democratic-NPL's nomination. He went on to win the special election, and was sworn in on December 14, 1992, resigning his original Senate seat the same day. (Conrad's original Senate seat was then filled by Dorgan, via appointment by the governor on December 15, 1992, to fill the seat for the brief period until he would have been sworn in under normal circumstances.)

Despite North Dakota's Republican leanings, Conrad was comfortably reelected in 1994—a year when Republicans won most of the Congressional seats that were not in heavily Democratic-leaning states.

===1986===
{{Main|1986 United States Senate election in North Dakota}}

* '''Kent Conrad (D-NPL) 50%'''
* [[Mark Andrews (politician)|Mark Andrews]] (R) (inc.) 49%

===1992===
{{Main|1992 United States Senate special election in North Dakota}}

* '''Kent Conrad (D-NPL) 63%'''
* [[Jack Dalrymple]] (R) 34%

===1994===
{{Main|1994 United States Senate election in North Dakota}}

* '''Kent Conrad (D-NPL) (inc.) 58%'''
* [[Ben Clayburgh]] (R) 42%

===2000===
{{Main|2000 United States Senate election in North Dakota}}

* '''Kent Conrad (D-NPL) (inc.) 61%'''
* [[Duane Sand]] (R) 39%

===2006===
{{Main|2006 United States Senate election in North Dakota}}

* '''Kent Conrad (D-NPL) (inc.) 69%'''
* Dwight Grotburg (R) 30%
* Roland Riemers (I) 1%
* James Germalic (I) 0.6%

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221151630/http://www.conrad.senate.gov/ United States Senator Kent Conrad] official U.S. Senate website (archived)
* {{CongLinks | congbio=c000705 | votesmart=53331 | fec=S2WA00189 | congress= }}
*{{C-SPAN|2517}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090823015805/http://publicservice.evendon.com/FY2010BudgetResSenateM.htm FY2010 Budget Resolution]
*[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/08/president-obama-bowles-simpson-_n_1410844.html Kent Conrad Told President Obama Not To Publicly Support Bowles-Simpson], Sam Stein, [[Huffington Post]], April 8, 2012

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Conrad, Kent}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:20th-century North Dakota politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:21st-century North Dakota politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century United States senators]]
[[Category:American Unitarian Universalists]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States senators from North Dakota]]
[[Category:George Washington University School of Business alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of Congress who became lobbyists]]
[[Category:North Dakota Democrats]]
[[Category:North Dakota tax commissioners]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bismarck, North Dakota]]
[[Category:Phillips Exeter Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]