View source for Khiva

{{Short description|City in Xorazm Region, western Uzbekistan}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Khiva
| native_name        = Xiva / Хива
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
 |photo1a = View from the city walls, Khiva (4934484894).jpg
 |photo2a = Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasa.jpg
 |photo2b = Alla Kouli Khan madrasa.jpg
 |photo3a = Islom-Hoja Minaret (8145421671).jpg
 |photo3c = Tombes autour du mausolée Pakhlavan Makhmoud (Khiva, Ouzbékistan) (5596932909).jpg
 |size = 280
 |spacing = 2
 |color = transparent
 |border = 0
 }}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br />[[Itchan Kala]], Alla Kouli Khan Madrasa, Pakhlavan Makhmoud Mausoleum, Islam Hoja Minaret, Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasa and Kalta Minor
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = 
| image_map          = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = West Asia#Uzbekistan
| pushpin_relief     = yes
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize    = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uzbekistan
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 5
| subdivision_type   = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Uzbekistan|Region]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|25px]] [[Uzbekistan]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Khorazm Region]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 6th century BC
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Hakim
| leader_name        = Temur Davletov
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_total_km2     = 
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| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| population_as_of   = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name=xorazmstat>{{cite web |url=https://www.xorazmstat.uz/uz/rasmiy-statistika/demography-2 |title=Viloyat bo'yicha shahar va qishloq aholisi soni |trans-title=Urban and rural population in the region |publisher=Xorazm regional department of statistics |language=uz |type=PDF |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322065502/https://www.xorazmstat.uz/uz/rasmiy-statistika/demography-2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_total   = 115,000
| population_urban   = 
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| population_density_sq_mi = 
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| timezone           = 
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| coordinates        = {{coord|41|22|53|N|60|21|40|E|region:UZ|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = Postal code
| postal_code        = 220900
| area_code          = +998
| website            = https://xivashahar.uz/
}}

'''Khiva''' ({{lang-uz-Latn-Cyrl|Xiva|Хива}}, {{lang|uz-Arab|خیوه}}; [[#Etymology|other names]]) is a district-level city of approximately 93,000 people in [[Khorazm Region]], [[Uzbekistan]].<ref name=class>{{cite web |url=https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/soato(mhobt)_2020.xlsx |title=Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan |language=uz, ru |date=July 2020 |publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702220625/https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/soato(mhobt)_2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref> According to archaeological data, the city was established around 2,500 years ago.

In 1997, Khiva celebrated its 2500th anniversary.<ref>В. А. Булатова, И. И. Ноткин, Архитектурные памятники Хивы. (Путеводитель), Ташкент, 1972; Хива. (Архитектура. Фотоальбом), Л., 1973; Г. Пугаченкова, Термез, Шахрисябз, Хива, (М„ 1976).</ref> It is the former capital of [[Khwarezmia]], the [[Khanate of Khiva]], and the [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]]. [[Itchan Kala]] in Khiva was the first site in [[Uzbekistan]] (and in Central Asia)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ibbotson |first=Sophie |date=2025-11-02 |title=Khiva, Uzbekistan: This Silk Road city is stepping out of the shadows in 2026 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/best-of-the-world-2026/article/khiva-uzbekistan |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref> to be inscribed on the [[World Heritage List]] (1991). The astronomer, historian and polymath, [[Al-Biruni]]<ref>Patrologia Orientalis Tom. Decimus, p.291 https://archive.org/details/patrologiaorient10pariuoft</ref> (973–1048 CE) was born in either Khiva or the nearby city of [[Kath (city)|Kath]].

== Etymology ==
{{more citations needed section|date=October 2023}}
The origin of the name Khiva is unknown, but many contradictory stories have been told to explain it.

A traditional story attributes the name to one of the sons of the prophet [[Noah]]: "It is said that [[Shem]], after the flood, he found himself wandering in the desert alone. Having fallen asleep, he dreamt of 300 burning torches. On waking up, he was pleased with this omen, he founded the city with outlines in the form of a ship mapped out according to the placement of the torches, about which he had dreamt. Then Shem dug the Kheyvak well, the water from which had a surprising taste. It is possible to see this well in Ichan-Kala (an internal town of Khiva City) even today."<ref>{{cite book |last=Nashriyoti |first=Davr |title=Khiva: The City and the Legends |year=2012 |publisher=Davr Nashriyoti LLC |location=Tashkent, Uzbekistan |isbn=9789943339262 |page=2}}</ref>

Another proposal is that the name comes from the word [[Khwarezm]], altered by borrowing into Turkic as Khivarezem, then shortened to Khiva.

The town is also known as {{langx|fa|خیوه}}, {{Transliteration|fa|Xīveh}}; alternative or historical names include ''Orgunje'', ''Kheeva'', ''Khorasam'', ''Khoresm'', ''Khwarezm'', ''Khwarizm'', ''Khwarazm'', ''Chorezm'', {{langx|ar|خوارزم}} and {{langx|fa|خوارزم}}.

== History ==
{{further|Khanate of Khiva|Khwarezm}}
Archeologists have stated that Khiva has been inhabited for more than 2500 years.<ref name=":0" />

In the early part of its history, possibly an [[Eastern Iranian languages|Eastern Iranian language]] called [[Khwarezmian language|Khwarezmian]]. [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] replaced the Iranian ruling class in the [[10th century]] AD, and the region gradually turned into an area with a majority of [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] speakers.

The earliest records of the city of Khiva appear in Muslim travel accounts from the 10th century although archaeological evidence indicates habitation in the 6th century; by the early 17th century, Khiva had become the capital of the Khanate of Khiva.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Khiva |title=Khiva |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802202311/https://www.britannica.com/place/Khiva |url-status=live }}</ref> The khanate was ruled by the Uzbek “Kongirad” dynasty. 

[[File:Palvan Gate Of Khiva (230164765).jpeg|thumb| 2014 Image of Palvan Gate Of Khiva, built in the early 19th century and known to have hosted a large [[slave market]] and a center of punishments and executions]]

In the 17th century, Khiva began to develop as a [[slave market]]. For several centuries, the cities of Bukhara and Khiva were known as major centers of the slave trade, and the [[Bukhara slave trade]], alongside the neighboring [[Khivan slave trade|slave trade in Khiva]], has been referred to as the "slave capitals of the world".<ref>Mayers, K. (2016). The First English Explorer: The Life of Anthony Jenkinson (1529-1611) and His Adventures on the Route to the Orient. Storbritannien: Matador. p. 121</ref>  During the first half of the 19th century, around 30,000 [[Persians]] and an unknown number of [[Russians]], were enslaved there before being sold. A large part of them were involved in the construction of buildings in the walled [[Itchan Kala]].<ref name="britannica"/>

Russia annexed some parts of the [[Khanate of Khiva]] in the 19th century, vassalising it into the Russian protectorate. The last khan from the ruling dynasty was liquidated a century later, in 1919. Thus Khiva became the capital city of the new [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]]. The Khorezm oasis was converted into a part of modern Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in 1924.<ref>{{Cite web |title=khiva |url=https://samarkandtours.com/uzbekistan/khiva/ |access-date=2021-03-09 |archive-date=2021-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509051702/https://samarkandtours.com/uzbekistan/khiva/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Campaigns===
{{main|Khivan campaign of 1839|Khivan campaign of 1873}}

In the course of the [[Russian conquest of Central Asia]], in 1873 the [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian]] General [[Konstantin von Kaufman]] launched an attack on the city of Khiva, which fell on 28 May 1873. Although the [[Imperial Russia|Russian Empire]] controlled the Khanate, it allowed Khiva to remain as a nominally quasi-independent [[protectorate]].

Following the [[Bolshevik]] seizure of power in Russia after the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, a short-lived (1920-1924) [[Khorezm People's Soviet Republic]] formed out of the territory of the old Khanate of Khiva before its incorporation into the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|USSR]] in 1924. The city of Khiva became part of the [[Uzbek SSR|Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]].

==Sights==
{{wide image|Panorama-view_Khiva-%28Uzbekistan%29_.jpg|2800px|alt=Panorama of Khiva (Uzbekistan)|Panoramic view of Khiva (Uzbekistan)}}
[[File:La muraille ouest de Khiva (Ouzbékistan) (5586448125).jpg|thumb|City wall]]
Khiva is split into two parts. The outer town, called Dichan Kala, was formerly protected by a wall with 11 gates. The inner town, or [[Itchan Kala]], is encircled by brick walls, whose foundations are believed to have been laid in the 10th century. Present-day crenellated walls date back to the late 17th century and attain the height of 10 meters.

Kalta Minor, the large blue tower in the central city square, was supposed to be a minaret. It was built in 1851 by [[Muhammad Amin Bahadur Khan|Mohammed Amin Khan]], but the Khan died and the succeeding Khan did not complete it.

The old town retains more than 50 historic monuments and 250 old houses, mostly dating from the 18th or 19th centuries. Djuma Mosque, for instance, was established in the 10th century and rebuilt in 1788–89, although its celebrated [[hypostyle]] hall still retains 112 columns taken from ancient structures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khiva Travel Guide |url=https://caravanistan.com/uzbekistan/karakalpakstan/khiva/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |website=Caravanistan |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422225423/https://caravanistan.com/uzbekistan/karakalpakstan/khiva/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Khiva was home to a number of [[madrassahs]] (educational establishments), one of which, Sherghazi Khan madrassah, still stands today. It was built in the 18th century by slaves and is one of the oldest buildings in Ichan-Kala, which is the center of present-day Khiva. Among the renowned students of the madrassah were the [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] poet Raunaq, the [[Qaraqalpaq]] poet Kasybayuly, the [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]] poet and [[sufi]] [[Magtymguly Pyragy|Magtymguly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Shergazi-Khan Madrasah, Khiva |url=https://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/khiva/shergazi-khan.htm |website=Advantour |access-date=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515042625/https://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/khiva/shergazi-khan.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Industry and production==
In the town, activities such as the "KhivaCarpet" joint-stock company, cotton cleaning, ginning factories, carpet weaving, the "Khiva Gilami" joint-stock company, and other carpet weaving enterprises, as well as a bread factory, a farmer's market, cultural, trade, and service establishments are operational. There are branches of [[Urgench]] University specializing in agro-management, the [[Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan|Uzbek Academy of Sciences]] [[Khwarazm|Khorezm]] Mamun Academy, the Qoraqum Scientific Research Station, pedagogical, medical, and tourism colleges, vocational lyceums, a gymnasium, 15 general education schools, a house of culture, 2 special boarding schools, a regional puppet theater, an art school, 2 libraries and their branches, and cultural and recreational gardens.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ziyouz.com/portal-haqida/xarita/matbuot/qayta-qurish-davri-matbuoti/anatoliy-yershov-xiva-qo-riqxona-shahar-1988 |title=ANATOLIY YERSHOV. XIVA — QO'RIQXONA SHAHAR (1988) |website=www.ziyouz.com |date=18 August 2016 |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029173803/https://www.ziyouz.com/portal-haqida/xarita/matbuot/qayta-qurish-davri-matbuoti/anatoliy-yershov-xiva-qo-riqxona-shahar-1988 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2021/11/07/xudoybergan-devonov-birinchi-ozbek-fotografining-boy-ijodi-va-ayanchli-qismati |title=Xudoybergan Devonov - birinchi o'zbek fotografining boy ijodi va ayanchli qismati |website=kun.uz |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030203335/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2021/11/07/xudoybergan-devonov-birinchi-ozbek-fotografining-boy-ijodi-va-ayanchli-qismati |url-status=live }}</ref>

The central hospital, polyclinic, maternity hospital, children's hospital, dental treatment center, central pharmacy, specialized clinics, and other medical facilities are available in the district. Historical and architectural sites in the area include :<br> the Sayd Alauddin mausoleum, the [[Pahlavon Mahmud Complex]], the [[Juma Mosque (Khiva)|Juma Mosque]], the [[Konya Ark|Old Ark]], Oqshayx Bobo's Palace, [[Toshhovli Palace]], [[Nurullabai Palace]], [[Muhammad Aminkhan Madrasah|Muhammad Aminxon Madrasah]], [[Muhammad Rahimxon Madrasah]], [[Islamkhodja Madrasah]] and Minaret, [[Olloqulixon Madrasah]], [[Kutlugmurad Inak Madrasah|Qutlughmurad Inoq Madrasah]], Olloqulixon Caravanserai and its market, Anushakhan Bathhouse, [[Ak Mosque|Oq Mosque]],   [[Polvon Gate]], [[Ota darvoza|Ota Gate]], [[Bogcha Gate]], [[Tosh Gate]], [[Dishan Kala|Hazorasp Gate, Kush Gate]], and more.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uztarix.narod.ru/xiva.html |title=Xiva |website=uztarix.narod.ru |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030203227/https://uztarix.narod.ru/xiva.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://otpusk.uz/uz/uzbekistan/sights/khiva |title=Xiva – o'tmishga ochilgan vaqt darvozasi |website=otpusk.uz |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029161900/https://otpusk.uz/uz/uzbekistan/sights/khiva |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Biography3">{{Cite web |url=https://kun.uz/uz/news/2018/10/30/fotozamlanma-hiva-zaon-merosi-durdonasi-zojlasgan-saar |title=Fotojamlanma: Xiva - Jahon merosi durdonasi joylashgan shahar |website=kun.uz |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030203237/https://kun.uz/uz/news/2018/10/30/fotozamlanma-hiva-zaon-merosi-durdonasi-zojlasgan-saar |url-status=live }}</ref>

The town publishes the "Khiva-Sharq Gavhari" magazine (since 2001) and the "Khiva Tongi" district newspaper. The town is a prominent center for global tourism, attracting over 200,000 tourists every year, including nearly 7,000 international visitors. "O'zbekTurizm" national company operates in the town, and several private guesthouses are in operation.

== Transportation ==
A trolleybus line was established from Khiva to [[Urgench]] in 1997. Bus and minibus routes connect Khiva to [[Tashkent]], [[Bukhara]], [[Navoiy|Navoi]], [[Samarkand]], [[Urgench]], [[Qoʻshkoʻpir|Qo'shko'pir]], [[Yangiariq District|Yangiariq]], [[Bogʻot District|Bog'ot]], [[Hazorasp]], and other major cities and population centers in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intravel.uz/uz/xiva |title=ANATOLIY YERSHOV. XIVA — QO'RIQXONA SHAHAR (1988) |website=Xiva |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030203227/https://www.intravel.uz/uz/xiva |url-status=live }}</ref>

A new bullet-train is being planned, connecting Khiva to [[Bukhara]] and [[Samarkand]]. Khiva is a part of the [[Silk Road Caravan Trail]].<ref name=":0" />

The nearest airport is [[Urgench International Airport]].<ref name=":0" />

== Archaeological and cultural significance ==
[[Khwarazm]] occupies a special place in the list of values of universal [[importance]] as a major center of [[Civilization|world civilization]] and one of the important centers on the [[Silk Road]].

The unique values of world significance include architectural monuments of Khiva, which has rightfully earned the [[title]] of "museum city".

The image of modern Khiva is mainly formed by the [[architecture]] of the period of [[Khanate of Khiva|Khiva Khanate]] of the late XVIII - early XX centuries.

But [[archaeological excavation]]s underway here show that at the base of a number of relatively "young" remains of [[building]]s are ancient layers dating back to the III and even earlier centuries BC.

== Overview of architectural monuments of Khiva ==
Most of Khiva's architectural [[masterpiece]]s are concentrated in its [[City centre|urban core]] &ndash; [[Itchan Kala]]. It is a "city within a city" surrounded by powerful [[Fortification|fortress walls]] with four gates on each side of the world.

One of the main [[Highway (disambiguation)|highways]] runs from the western [[gate]] to the eastern gate, along which the main monumental [[building]]s are concentrated.

From the [[observation tower]] of Ak-Sheikh-bobo [[Itchan Kala|Itchan-Kala]] can be seen like in the palm of your hand. The unusual silhouette of the Kalta Minor [[minaret]] attracts attention, as if cut down to the middle.

Its massive trunk, exquisitely decorated with wide and narrow belts of glazed [[brick]], indicates that it was conceived as a grandiose, majestic [[structure]], the main vertical of the city.

But after the death of the [[Khan (title)|khan]], under whom the minaret was built, it remained unfinished, receiving the name of Kalta (short).

Very close to the Kalta Minar is the Muhammad Aminxon [[Madrasa]]h, the largest of the preserved buildings of higher theological [[educational institution]]s.

The peculiarity of its architecture is the twin hudjras - [[Monastic cell|cells]] for living of [[student]]s. Belts of colored brick sets and [[majolica]] facings decorate the building wonderfully.

On the territory of [[Konya Ark]] (Old [[Fortification|Fortress]]) there is the palace of Muhammad Rahimxon I with rich and unusual [[Interior design|interior decoration]].

The walls of the [[hall]] are decorated with ganch carving with coloring. The neighboring two-storied building is a [[harem]]. There are many rich chambers, living rooms.

The [[Juma Mosque (Khiva)|Juma Mosque]] (X century, 1788) is amazing in its beauty. On the entrance doors the date of construction - 1778-1782 years is preserved.

But 210 [[column]]s of the [[mosque]], supporting the [[roof]], are much older - from XII to XV centuries. The columns are remarkable for their amazing slenderness, rich ornamental carving.

They were brought here from other ancient buildings, so many columns are unique and do not resemble each other.

At the gates of Polvon darvoza there is a whole ensemble of buildings. The main palace of [[Khanate of Khiva|Khiva khans]] Toshhovli occupies a special place here.

The [[architecture]] of its numerous apartments and decorative furnishings are unique. There are ornamental [[wood carving]]s, [[majolica]] facings and figurative [[cartouche]]s.

The [[palace]] of Kurnysh-khan was intended for lavish receptions. Once there was a wooden [[throne]] in the [[throne room]] decorated with [[silver]] [[Repoussé and chasing|chasing]] on a red background.

The building has a beautiful [[iwan]] with columns. The palace is also remarkable for its rich majolica wall lining with intricate [[Ornament (art)|ornaments]].

The Pahlavon Mahmud Memorial Complex was built in memory of the revered Khiva [[poet]], who after his death was canonized as the [[patron saint]] of the city.

Nearby is the 45-meter high Islomxo‘ja minaret topped with a through lantern with a [[dome]] on top. In the outer part of the city - Dishan qalʼa - there are also many ancient architectural monuments.

==Notable people from Khiva==
The following people were born in the city.
* [[Tamara Abaeva]] (born 1927), historian.
* [[Sayid Abdullah]] (1873{{en dash}}1933), Khan of Khiva 1918{{en dash}}1920.
* [[Khudaibergen Devanov]] (1879{{en dash}}1940), photographer.
* [[Islam Khodja]] (1872{{en dash}}1913), Grand Vizier of the Khanate of Khiva.
* [[Israil Madrimov]] (born 1995), boxer.
* [[Bekjon Rakhmonov]] (1887{{en dash}}1929), politician.
* [[Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov]] (1861{{en dash}}1936), politician.
* [[Muhammad Rahim Khan II of Khiva]], [[Khan of Khiva]] from 1864 to 1910

==Sister cities==
The following is a list of Khiva's sister and twinned cities:

* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Ankeny, Iowa]], United States (2023)
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Nishapur]], [[Iran]]
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Yazd]], [[Iran]] (2020)
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[San Lorenzo del Escorial]], [[Spain]] (2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uzdaily.com/en/post/48782 |title=Khiva and San Lorenzo del Escorial have become sister cities |access-date=2021-02-13 |archive-date=2021-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729110848/http://uzdaily.com/en/post/48782 |url-status=live }}</ref>)

==See also==
{{portal|Uzbekistan}}
* [[Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī|Al-Khwarizmi]]
* [[Bukhara]]
* [[Slavery in Asia#Central Asia and the Caucasus]]
* [[Trolleybuses in Urgench]]
* [[Abdolbobo Mausoleum]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Publications===
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2012}}
* ''Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva'', MacGahan, (London, 1874).
* ''A Ride to Khiva: Travels and Adventures in Central Asia'', [[Frederick Burnaby]], (OUP, 1997; first published 1876).
* ''Russian Central Asia'', Lansdell, (London, 1885).
* ''A travers l'Asie Centrale'', Moser, (Paris, 1886).
* ''Russia against India'', Colquhoun, (New York, 1900).
* ''Khiva'', in Russian, S. Goulichambaroff, (Askhabad, 1913).
* ''A Carpet Ride to Khiva'', C. A. Alexander, (London, 2010).

==External links==
{{commons category|Khiva}}

* [http://www.khiva.info/gb/history/freeings.htm Slave trade in Khiva]
* [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/beyond-the-bazaars-geographies-of-the-slave-trade-in-central-asia/9390E77A57B9CA69DF01FBCD458795CD Beyond the Bazaars: Geographies of the slave trade in Central Asia]
* {{wikivoyage inline|Khiva}}

{{Xorazm Region}}
{{Tourist attractions in Uzbekistan}}
{{Iranian architecture}}
{{Turkic Capital of Culture}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Khiva| ]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Populated places in Xorazm Region]]
[[Category:Cities in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Populated places along the Silk Road]]
[[Category:Khanate of Khiva]]