View source for Khmelnytskyi

{{Short description|City and administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Other uses|Khmelnytsky (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|topic=geo|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Khmelnytskyi
| native_name        = Хмельницький
| native_name_lang   = uk
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage|position=center
 | photo1a                       = Будинок ХОХМ 03.jpg
 | photo2a                       = 002 Аптека.jpg
 | photo2b                       = Проскурівька15.jpg
 | photo3a                       = Хмель Будинок офіцерів.jpg
 | photo3b                       = Храм Георгія Побідоносця. 2017р.jpg
 | photo4a                       = Міська рада. Ніч.jpg
   | size                       = 270
   | spacing                    = 2
   | color                      = #FFFFFF
   | border                     = 0
   }}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = {{hlist|Clockwise from top: Regional Art Museum|Restaurant <i>Elephant</i>|Church of St. George the Victorious|City Council Building|House of the Officers|Pharmacy}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Khmelnytskyi.svg
| image_shield       = Coat of Arms of Khmelnitsky.svg
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Khmelnytskyi Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine
| mapsize            = 225px
| map_caption        = Location in Ukraine
| coordinates        = {{coord|49|25|0|N|27|00|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{Flagu|Ukraine}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Khmelnytskyi Raion]]
| established_title  = First mentioned
| established_date   = 1431
| established_title1 = City rights
| established_date1  = 22 September 1937
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = {{ill|Oleksandr Symсhyshyn|uk|Симчишин Олександр Сергійович}}<ref name="chesnopolitician17473">[https://www.chesno.org/politician/17473/ Small biography on Oleksandr Symсhyshyn], [[Civil movement "Chesno"]] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
| leader_party       = [[Svoboda party|Svoboda]]<ref name="chesnopolitician17473"/>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 90
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 274452
| population_footnotes = 
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_km2 = 2822
| elevation_m        = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 29000
| area_code          = +380 382
| website            = {{URL|http://khmelnytsky.com}}
| footnotes          = 
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Khmelnytskyi urban hromada]]
}}
'''Khmelnytskyi'''{{efn|Also rendered as '''Khmelnytsky''', '''Khmelnytskyy''' and '''Khmelnitsky'''}} ({{langx|uk|Хмельницький}}, {{IPA|uk|xmelʲˈnɪtsʲkɪj|IPA|Uk-Хмельницький.oga}}) is a city in [[western Ukraine]]. Located on the [[Southern Bug]], it serves as the administrative centre of [[Khmelnytskyi Oblast]] as well as [[Khmelnytskyi Raion]] within the oblast.<ref name="admreform_2020_khmelnytskyi">{{cite web |title=Хмельницкая громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/hmelnickyi/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> With a population of {{Ua-pop-est2022|274,452|,}} Khmelnytskyi is the second-largest city in the historical region of [[Podolia]], after [[Vinnytsia]].

The city was first mentioned in 1431 as a Polish military post, where it was known as ''Płoskirów'' under Polish rule. It was seized by [[Cossacks]] during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] and later ruled by the Ottomans until 1699. It was passed to Russia in 1793, as a result of the [[Second Partition of Poland]], and became part of the newly-formed [[Podolia Governorate]], where it became known as ''Proskuriv'' or ''Proskurov''. From 1917 to 1920, it was controlled by the short-lived [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] before becoming part of [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Ukraine]]. The city's Jewish population fell from 42 per cent in 1939 to 10 per cent in 1959 as a result of [[the Holocaust in Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKhmelnytskyi.htm |title=Khmelnytskyi |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref> In 1954, it was renamed ''Khmelnytskyi'' in honor of the Cossack leader [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]].

Khmelnytskyi is the location of a rail junction and an important industrial centre, as well as a centre for higher education such as the [[Khmelnytskyi National University]] and the Khmelnytskyi Oblast Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater.

== Names ==
Khmelnytskyi had several names throughout history. In the oldest written evidence about this settlement, the name of the city was mentioned as ''Ploskirowce'',{{efn|{{IPA|pl|plɔskiˈrɔftsɛ|lang}}; {{langx|uk|Плоскирівці|Ploskyrivtsi}}}} while later documents mentioned its name as ''Płoskirów'',{{efn|{{IPA|pl|pwɔsˈkiruf|lang}}; {{langx|uk|Плоскирів|Ploskyriv}}}} which probably comes from the name of the Ploska River.<ref>
{{Cite web |url=https://khm.gov.ua/uk/content/ploskyriv-proskuriv-hmelnyckyy-shtryhy-do-istorychnogo-portretu-mista |title=ПЛОСКИРІВ - ПРОСКУРІВ - ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКИЙ. ШТРИХИ ДО ІСТОРИЧНОГО ПОРТРЕТУ МІСТА |date=17 April 2017 |access-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417112816/https://khm.gov.ua/uk/content/ploskyriv-proskuriv-hmelnyckyy-shtryhy-do-istorychnogo-portretu-mista |archive-date=2021-04-17}}
</ref>

In 1793, the city was renamed ''Proskurov'',{{efn|{{Langx|ru|Проскуровъ|label=[[Russian alphabet#Letters eliminated in 1917–18|Russian]]}}, {{langx|ru|Проскуров|label=Modern orthography}}, {{IPA|ru|prɐˈskurəf|pron}}; {{langx|uk|Проскурів|Proskuriv}} {{IPA|uk|proˈskurʲiu̯|}}}} which appeared on the decree to create [[Podolia Governorate]]. This toponym is very similar to the name "[[Prosphora|proskura]]", which is a bread in the liturgical service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ye.ua/news/news_6569.html |title=За історичну справедливість — обома руками |date=18 September 2011 |access-date=2014-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105151851/http://ye.ua/news/news_6569.html |archive-date=2013-11-05}}</ref>

On 16 January 1954, Proskuriv was renamed to Khmelnytskyi in honor of [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]], the Cossack hetman who rebelled against the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].

==History==
[[File:Hondius_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky.jpg|thumbnail|left|upright|[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]]]
The city foundation date is uncertain. The territory where Khmelnytskyi is situated has been inhabited for a very long time. Many archaeological discoveries have been made in the city suburbs. For example, to the East of Lezneve district, there was a settlement from the [[Bronze Age]] 2000 B.C., and from [[Scythians|Scythian]] times from 7–3 century B.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://volonter-turbota.blogspot.com/2011/06/2-2-1.html|title=Волонтерська турбота про духовні скарби Хмельниччини: Участь європейського клубу "Кур'єри ЮНЕСКО" гімназії №2 м. Хмельницького зі статусом "Асоційована школа ЮНЕСКО" у проекті "Волонтерська турбота про духовні скарби Хмельниччини"|last=ЮНЕСКО"|first=Опубліковано Євроклуб "Кур'єри|access-date=2016-05-03}}</ref> The first mention of the city was written with Cyrillic alphabet. The earliest known mention in historical sources was in 1431,<ref>{{Cite Q|Q12164093|editor=Pavlo Sokhanʹ|pages=771–2|series=new series|year=2004|issue="8/9"|last=Mykhailovskyi|first=Vitalii|chapter=Source References about Proskuriv in the 15th Century}}</ref> when it was known as ''Płoskirów'' (''Ploskirov'', ''Плоскиров'') and was part of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]]. It was a [[royal city]].

Polish rule was briefly interrupted by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] between 1672 and 1699. During this period, it was a subdivision of [[Medzhibozh|Mejibuji]] sanjak in [[Podolia Eyalet]] as ''Poloskiruf''.<ref>[http://i.piccy.info/i9/50c7ec080439bb1790d77fec4b180a08/1437042927/139143/831035/The_Eyalet_of_Kamanice.jpg]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409163656/http://i.piccy.info/i9/50c7ec080439bb1790d77fec4b180a08/1437042927/139143/831035/The_Eyalet_of_Kamanice.jpg|date=9 April 2016}} Map of Podolia Eyalet</ref> After the [[Second Partition of Poland]] in 1793, the city was annexed by the [[Russian Empire]] and was renamed ''Proskurov'' ({{lang|ru|Проскурoв}}). According to the [[Russian Empire Census|Russian census of 1897]], Proskurov with a population of 22,855 was the fifth largest city of Podolia after [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]], [[Uman]], [[Vinnytsia]] and [[Balta, Ukraine|Balta]]. In 1920 it became part of [[Soviet Ukraine]]. In 1954 the city was finally renamed ''Khmelnytskyi'' (Хмельницький) in the honor of the 300th anniversary of a treaty negotiated by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]].

After new archival sources presented at the 2006 conference City of Khmelnytskyi in the Context of Ukrainian History post-dated the city’s earliest mention from 1493 to 1431, it changed its official 513th anniversary commemoration to its 575th.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-03-12|title=За п'ятнадцять років Хмельницький постаршав на 63 роки - vsim.ua|url=https://vsim.ua/Podii/za-pyatnadtsyat-rokiv-hmelnitskiy-postarshav-na-63-roki-46995.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Новини Хмельницького за сьогодні|language=uk}}</ref>

===Pogroms===
A series of anti-Jewish [[pogrom]]s have been carried out in the region, known together as the [[Proskurov pogrom]]. According to Vinnytsia's city archives, the pogrom was conducted on the Friday night of February 15, 1919, by one of the otamans (generals) of the Ukrainian People's Army, Otaman [[Ivan Semesenko|Semysenko (also rendered as Semesenko)]]. Estimates vary as to the number of victims, some putting the death toll at 1,500 Jews in Proskurov alone, with 600 more killed in nearby Filshtein.<ref name=Haaretz2016>{{cite news |author= David B. Green |title= 1919: Cossacks Start Pogrom in Ukraine, Killing Jews but Sparing Property |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |location=[[Tel Aviv]] |series= This Day in Jewish History |date= 15 February 2016|url= https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-1919-cossacks-start-pogrom-in-ukraine-1.5404243 |access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref>

The Chief Otaman Petliura had been appointed head of state just two days prior to the tragedy, on February the 13th. Petliura issued Order 131 in which he mentioned the fact that numerous Jewish parties in Ukraine ([[Jewish Bund|Bund]], [[Poale Zion]], [[Folkspartei|Folks-Partei]], Unificationists) rose to defend the sovereignty of the Ukrainian Republic and were cooperating with the Ukrainian government. He condemned such pogroms, calling those initiating them deserters and enemies of the State that must be liquidated. The order was co-signed by the Chief of Staff, Otaman Yunakiv. The order was published in the ''Ukraina'' newspaper on February 20 (March 4, new style). Later, Petliura issued a special order to execute Semysenko for being the pogrom initiator. According to sources the order was carried out<ref name="Proskurivsky153731"/> on March 20, 1920.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Other sources claim that he was released.<ref name="Proskurivsky153731">{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2019/02/25/153731/ Proskurivsky pogrom. Petliura's fault?] by [[Henry Abramson]], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (25 February 2019)</ref>

During the [[Schwartzbard trial]], at the end of which [[Symon Petliura|Petliura]]'s assassin was pardoned on the grounds of self-trail ([[revenge]]), the main argument of the defense was that Schwartzbard had acted as an avenger of the Jews killed in pogroms perpetrated during Petliura's rule.

===World War II===
[[File:Phoca_thumb_l_proskurow_111.jpg|thumb|left|A street corner during the German occupation]]
The town was occupied by the [[Wehrmacht|German Army]] from July 8, 1941 to March 25, 1944. On November 4, 1941, 5300 Jewish inhabitants of the town and surrounding villages were [[The Holocaust in Ukraine|shot]] by an [[Einsatzgruppe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seminaire-shoah.org/L-Ukraine-et-le-debut-de-la-solution-finale-de-la-question-juive-en-Europe-Le-meurtre-des-Juifs-d-Ukraine-par-les-nazis_a29.html |title=L'Ukraine et le début de la " solution finale de la question juive en Europe " - Le meurtre des Juifs d'Ukraine par les nazis et leurs collaborateurs - Introduction historique |last=Husson |first=Edouard |date=11 November 2008 |website=Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur la Shoah à l'Est |access-date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213144658/http://www.seminaire-shoah.org/L-Ukraine-et-le-debut-de-la-solution-finale-de-la-question-juive-en-Europe-Le-meurtre-des-Juifs-d-Ukraine-par-les-nazis_a29.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A [[Nazi ghettos|ghetto]] was formed on December 14, 1941, where all surviving Jewish inhabitants had to resettle and were subjected to forced labor. They were subsequently killed in the fall of 1942. More than 9500 Jews were killed in the town in total.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biznes.km.ua/onenews/Do-70richchya-ostannogo-rozstrilu-vyazniv-proskurivskogo-getto.html |title=До 70-річчя останнього розстрілу в'язнів проскурівського гетто |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=30 November 2012 |website=biznes.km.ua |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref>

===Cold War===
[[File:Khmelnytskyi (Хмельницкий) Soviet-era Badge.jpg|thumb|A Khmelnytskyi badge, originating from the Soviet era.]]
Khmelnytskyi was home to the 19th Division of the [[43rd Rocket Army]] of the Soviet [[Strategic Rocket Forces]] during the Cold War.<ref>{{cite book 
| last = Feskov
| first = V.I.
|author2=Kalashnikov, K.A. |author3=Golikov, V.I. 
| title = The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91
| publisher= Tomsk University Publishing House
| year = 2004
| location = Tomsk
| page = 133
| isbn = 5-7511-1819-7 }}</ref> The [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] [[silo]]s of the division that were housed there were removed and destroyed, partially with U.S. [[Cooperative Threat Reduction]] funding, during the 1990s.
[[File:Falling_of_Lenin_in_Khmelnytskyi_park.jpg|thumb|[[De-Leninization|Toppling of Lenin statue]] in Khmelnytsky park, Ukraine]]

===Russo-Ukrainian War===
Until 18 July 2020, Khmelnytskyi was incorporated as a [[city of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and served as the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Khmelnytskyi was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |work=Мінрегіон |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>

====Russian invasion of Ukraine====
{{See also|Bombing of Khmelnytskyi (2022–present)}}

On 10 October 2022, during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the city was targeted by Russian cruise missiles as part of a major retaliation strike for the [[2022 Crimean Bridge explosion|Crimean Bridge explosion]], causing a blackout in the city and limiting water supply.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ye.ua/syspilstvo/61088_Vibuhi_u_Hmelnickomu_(ONOVLENO).html | title=Новини Хмельницького "Є" | date=10 October 2022 }}</ref>

During a missile attack on 31 December, a gas station and a military facility inside the city was hit by two Russian cruise missiles, killing at least one civilian and wounding nine. The attack also caused a partial blackout and damaged more than a dozen cars and several residential buildings, including a [[kindergarten]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ye.ua/syspilstvo/62230_Raketniy_obstril__u_Hmelnickomu_prolunali_vibuhi_(onovlyiyetsya).html | title=Новини Хмельницького "Є" | date=31 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ye.ua/syspilstvo/62232_Kilkist_poranenih_zrosla__Simchishin_pro_naslidki_raketnogo_obstrilu_Hmelnickogo.html | title=Новини Хмельницького "Є" | date=31 December 2022 }}</ref>

On 23 February 2023, Russian forces hit Khmelnytskyi with 3 Iranian-made [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]]s of the "Shahed type", killing one person and wounding four. Additionally, the attack caused a fire and damaged multiple buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One person killed, four more injured in enemy drone attack in Khmelnytskyi |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3675625-one-person-killed-four-more-injured-in-enemy-drone-attack-in-khmelnytskyi.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.ukrinform.net |date=27 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:South bug08.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Khmelnytskyi's riverside skyline on the [[Southern Bug]], early 2010s.]]
Khmelnytskyi is the regional center of the Khmelnytskyi region which is located in the western part of Ukraine in the middle of Podillia, its total area makes up {{convert|8624|ha|acre|abbr=on}}. Khmelnytskyi has a favorable geographical position.
Khmelnytskyi is crossed by one of the longest rivers of Ukraine – the [[Southern Bug]]. Coincidentally, through the western portion of the city flows the small river Ploska.

The most abundant make up for the ground in Khmelnytskyi are layers of the following overburden: [[loess]] and loess-type rocks. The ground-climatic conditions of Khmelnytskyi are favorable for the cultivation of winter wheat and rye, sugar beet, potato and other crops. Khmelnytskyi is also ideal for the development of gardening and vegetable growing. In the territory of Khmelnytskyi there are the vegetations of two geobotanical zones of Ukraine: Polissya and forest-steppe. Khmelnytskyi and its greater region supplies many rock products, particularly building materials such as limestone, plaster, chalk, tripoli powder, crystal layers (granites, gneisses), sand, sandstones, and also graphite, saponite, kaolin, phosphorite, lithographic stone, and roofing slate. There are also deposits of peat, bitumen, shale, and oil.

=== Climate ===
The climate of Khmelnytskyi is moderately continental. The average temperature of Khmelnytskyi in its warmest month (July) is {{convert|20|to|22|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is {{convert|-5|to|-6|C|F|abbr=on}}. The maximum temperatures in the summer on average reaches {{convert|36|to|38|C|F|abbr=on}}, and the minimum temperatures in the winter on average is {{convert|-24|to|-30|C|F|abbr=on}}. Khmelnytskyi's average annual temperature is {{convert|7|to|8|C|F|abbr=on}}. Khmelnytskyi's average annual precipitation is {{convert|510|to|580|mm|in|2|abbr=on|lk=out}}.

{{Weather box
|location = Khmelnytskyi (1991–2020, extremes 1955–2011)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 12.0
| Feb record high C = 17.1
| Mar record high C = 23.0
| Apr record high C = 26.5
| May record high C = 31.7
| Jun record high C = 33.9
| Jul record high C = 35.5
| Aug record high C = 36.1
| Sep record high C = 30.4
| Oct record high C = 26.6
| Nov record high C = 20.0
| Dec record high C = 12.8
| year record high C = 36.1
| Jan high C = -1.3
| Feb high C = 0.4
| Mar high C = 6.0
| Apr high C = 14.2
| May high C = 20.0
| Jun high C = 23.1
| Jul high C = 25.0
| Aug high C = 24.8
| Sep high C = 19.2
| Oct high C = 12.6
| Nov high C = 5.4
| Dec high C = 0.1
| year high C = 12.5
| Jan mean C = -3.8
| Feb mean C = -2.6
| Mar mean C = 1.8
| Apr mean C = 8.9
| May mean C = 14.4
| Jun mean C = 17.7
| Jul mean C = 19.4
| Aug mean C = 19.0
| Sep mean C = 13.8
| Oct mean C = 8.0
| Nov mean C = 2.5
| Dec mean C = -2.3
| year mean C = 8.1
| Jan low C = -6.2
| Feb low C = -5.4
| Mar low C = -1.7
| Apr low C = 4.1
| May low C = 9.2
| Jun low C = 12.7
| Jul low C = 14.4
| Aug low C = 13.8
| Sep low C = 9.3
| Oct low C = 4.4
| Nov low C = 0.0
| Dec low C = -4.6
| year low C = 4.2
| Jan record low C = -30.5
| Feb record low C = -27.0
| Mar record low C = -23.6
| Apr record low C = -7.2
| May record low C = -2.8
| Jun record low C = 2.2
| Jul record low C = 3.6
| Aug record low C = 2.1
| Sep record low C = -5.0
| Oct record low C = -11.4
| Nov record low C = -17.8
| Dec record low C = -25.4
| year record low C = -30.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 32
| Feb precipitation mm = 34
| Mar precipitation mm = 36
| Apr precipitation mm = 45
| May precipitation mm = 58
| Jun precipitation mm = 91
| Jul precipitation mm = 97
| Aug precipitation mm = 64
| Sep precipitation mm = 61
| Oct precipitation mm = 43
| Nov precipitation mm = 40
| Dec precipitation mm = 38
| year precipitation mm = 639
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.4
| Feb precipitation days = 8.5
| Mar precipitation days = 8.2
| Apr precipitation days = 8.0
| May precipitation days = 8.9
| Jun precipitation days = 10.0
| Jul precipitation days = 10.3
| Aug precipitation days = 6.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.9
| Oct precipitation days = 7.5
| Nov precipitation days = 7.4
| Dec precipitation days = 9.1
| year precipitation days = 101.1
| Jan humidity = 87.6
| Feb humidity = 84.5
| Mar humidity = 78.0
| Apr humidity = 67.5
| May humidity = 67.8
| Jun humidity = 71.9
| Jul humidity = 73.0
| Aug humidity = 70.5
| Sep humidity = 75.3
| Oct humidity = 81.1
| Nov humidity = 88.0
| Dec humidity = 88.7
| year humidity = 77.8
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250420202434/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Khmelnytskyi_33429.csv
| archive-date = 20 April 2025
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Khmelnytskyi_33429.csv
| title = Khmelnytskyi Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = [[National Centers for Environmental Information]]
| format = CSV
| archive-format=CSV
| access-date = 20 April 2025}}</ref>
|source 2 = Climatebase.ru (extremes)<ref name = climatebase >
{{cite web
| url = http://climatebase.ru/station/33429/?lang=en
| title = Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine Climate Data
| publisher = Climatebase
| access-date = November 25, 2013}}</ref>
|date= November 2013}}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|1897|22855|1926|27298|1939|37481|1959|62473|1970|112959|1979|171801|1989|236938|2001|253994|2011|262788|2022|274452|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Cities & Towns of Ukraine|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm}}</ref>}}According to a 2017 survey, 94% of the population are ethnic Ukrainians and 3% are Russians.<ref name=IRI2017>{{cite web |url= http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2017-8-22_ukraine_poll_presentation.pdf |title= Public Opinion Survey of Residents of UkraineJune 9 – July 7, 2017 |publisher= iri.org |page= 83 |date= August 2017 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170822212837/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/2017-8-22_ukraine_poll_presentation.pdf |archive-date= August 22, 2017 }}</ref> As of the [[2001 Ukrainian census]], 88.4% of the population were [[Ukrainians]], 7.9% had an ethnic [[Russians in Ukraine|Russian background]] and 2% were ethnic [[Polish minority in Ukraine|Poles]]. Smaller minorities were [[Belarusians]], [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenians]] and [[Jews in Ukraine|Ashkenazi Jews]]. The exact ethnic composition was as follows:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua/pop-composition/ethnic-cities | title=Національний склад міст }}</ref>
{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Khmelnytskyi|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Ukrainians]]|dodgerblue|88.35}}
{{bar percent|[[Russians in Ukraine|Russians]]|purple|7.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Polish minority in Ukraine|Poles]]|yellow|1.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Belarusians]]|red|0.38}}
{{bar percent|[[Ashkenazi Jews|Jews]]|lightblue|0.27}}
{{bar percent|[[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenians]]|brown|0.11}}
{{bar percent|[[Moldovans in Ukraine|Moldovans]]|pink|0.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijanis]]|green|0.06}}
{{bar percent|[[Tatars in Ukraine|Tatars]]|olive|0.06}}
{{bar percent|[[Gypsies]]|black|0.06}}
{{bar percent|others|gray|0.73}}}}

=== Language ===
Distribution of the population by native language according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census|2001 census]]:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України }}</ref>
{| class="standard"
|-
! Language
! Number
! Percentage
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| align="right"| 221 920 || align="right"| 88.39%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]
| align="right"| 26 006 || align="right"| 10.36%
|-
| Other or undecided
| align="right"| 3 151 || align="right"| 1.25%
|-
| Total
| align="right"| 251 077 || align="right"| 100.00%
|}

According to a survey conducted by the [[International Republican Institute]] in April-May 2023, 88% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 9% spoke Russian.<ref>[https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf Municipal survey 2023] ratinggroup.ua</ref>

==Education==
Khmelnytskyi hosts 6 universities, 2 academies, 3 institutes, 12 colleges, 4 technical schools and 15 representative offices of other Ukrainian HEIs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://osvita.ua/vnz/rating/45569/|title=Higher education institutions raiting (Khmelnytskyi)|access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vstup.info/2016/i2016o23.html#reg|title=List of higher education institutions in Khmelnytskyi|access-date=2017-02-05|archive-date=2017-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205095553/http://vstup.info/2016/i2016o23.html#reg|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{See also|Khmelnytskyi National University}}

==Transport==
[[File:Станция Хмельницкий.jpg|thumb|Khmelnytskyi railway station]]
Khmelnytskyi has infrastructure for transportation connections with Moscow, Prague, Bratislava, Warsaw, Budapest, Belgrade and all major Ukrainian cities. The distance from Khmelnytskyi to Kyiv by railway is estimated to be {{convert|366|km|mi|abbr=on}}, by highway it is estimated to be {{convert|384|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The highways Kyiv-Lviv, Odesa-Lviv and Chernivtsi-Kyiv pass through Khmelnytskyi. The city is served by the [[Khmelnytskyi Ruzhychna Airport]]. Khmelnytskyi's airport has a {{convert|2200|m|2|abbr=on}} concrete runway; at the airport there is a check point for crossing the state border of Ukraine.

==Sports==
[[File:Podillya Stadium.jpg|thumb|Podillya Stadium]]
Khmelnytskyi is home to the competitive [[football (soccer)|football]] team [[FC Podillya Khmelnytskyi]].

==Points of interest==

*Proskurivska street, a modern central pedestrian street of the city, preserved buildings of the end of the 19th - the beginnings of 20th century in the styles of modernist, eclecticisms, Baroque, stone (characteristic only for Proskuriv).
*The house of the former [[Oleksiyivske real school]] (now it is the building of the City Executive Committee)
*The house of O. Brusilov (now is the House of Ceremonial events)
*The church of Nativity of the Virgin (the first stone construction in the city)
*The Protection cathedral
*St. George church
*Andriy Pervozvannyi church in "Dubovo" district

== Notable people ==
[[File:Ponomarev oleksandr 2017 nazipov.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Oleksandr Ponomariov|Oleksandr Ponomaryov]], 2017]]
<!--♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME♦♦♦-->
* [[Boris Berenfeld]] (born 1947), biophysicist
* [[Nellie Casman]] (1896–1984) an actress and singer in Yiddish theatre in New York. 
* [[Ariel Durant]] (1898–1981) an American author and historian
* [[Svyatoslav Fyodorov]] (1927–2000) a Russian ophthalmologist, politician and professor
* [[Alberto Gerchunoff]] (1883–1950), Argentine author and journalist
* [[Max Husmann]] (1888–1965), Swiss peacemaker, helped [[Operation Sunrise (World War II)|Operation Sunrise]] in WWII
* [[Anatoly Kashpirovsky]] (born 1939, Russian psychotherapist and [[Energy medicine|psychic healer]]
* [[Jack Liebowitz]] (1900–2000), an American accountant and co-owner of what became [[DC Comics]]
* [[Harry A. Marmer]] (1885–1953), American mathematician and oceanographer
* [[Mischa Mischakoff]] (1895–1981), American violinist, teacher, and conductor
* [[Lesia Nikitiuk]] (born 1987), Ukrainian TV presenter
* [[Oleksandr Ponomariov|Oleksandr Ponomaryov]] (born 1973), Ukrainian singer
* [[Alexander Rutskoy]] (born 1947), Russian politician
* [[Oksana Shachko]] (1987–2018), Ukrainian artist and activist with [[FEMEN]]
* [[Alexandra Shevchenko]] (born 1988), [[FEMEN]] activist
* [[Mikhail Tsekhanovsky]] (1889—1965) artist, animation director, book illustrator, screenwriter and sculptor. 
* [[Natalia Valevska]] (born 1981), Ukrainian pop and dance singer
* [[Alla Zahaikevych]] (born 1966) composer of contemporary classical music and performance artist. 
* [[Klemens Zamoyski]] (1738–1767) a Polish nobleman and 8th Ordynat of Zamość estate
* [[Tomasz Józef Zamoyski]] (1678–1725) a Polish nobleman and the 5th Ordynat of Zamość estate.
[[File:Ruslan Kostyshyn.jpeg|thumb|140px|[[Ruslan Kostyshyn]], 2011]]

=== Sport ===
* [[Vitaliy Balytskyi]] (1978–2018) a Ukrainian football player with 297 club caps
* [[Dmytro Bezotosnyi]] (born 1983) a Ukrainian football goalkeeper with over 300 club caps.
* [[Lyudmyla Holovchenko]] (born 1978) a retired amateur Ukrainian freestyle wrestler
* [[Dmytro Ianchuk]] (born 1992) sprint canoeist and bronze medallist at the [[Canoeing at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Summer Olympics]] 
* [[Andriy Kirlik]] (born 1974) footballer with over 350 club caps and an ordained deacon 
* [[Ruslan Kostyshyn]] (born 1977) a Ukrainian retired footballer with 547 club caps
* [[Leonid Krupnik]] (born 1979) an American-Israeli former soccer player with over 300 club caps, and current coach.
* [[Oksana Masters]] (born 1989), American Paralympic rower and cross-country skier
* [[Serhei Nahorny]] (born 1956) sprint canoeist, silver and gold medallist at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Vita Palamar]] (born 1977) a female high jumper from Ukraine.
* [[Serhiy Petrenko]] (born 1956) sprint canoeist, twice gold medallist at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Olga Polyuk]] (born 1987), freestyle skier, specializing in aerials, three time Olympian.
* [[Bohdan Shershun]] (1981–2024), footballer with over 330 club caps and 4 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]

==International relations==
Khmelnytskyi confidently sets a course for European integration. The city of Khmelnytskyi became the winner of The Europe Prize in 2021 – it is the highest honor Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, which is awarded to cities for spreading European ideals.

===Twin towns – sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}
Khmelnytskyi is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Modesto, California|Modesto]], United States (1987)
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Silistra Municipality|Silistra]], Bulgaria (1992)
*{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Bor, Serbia|Bor]], Serbia (1995)
*{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Bălți]], Moldova (1996)
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Kramfors Municipality|Kramfors]], Sweden (1997)
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Ciechanów]], Poland (1997)
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shijiazhuang]], China (1998)
*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Šiauliai District Municipality|Šiauliai]], Lithuania (2001)
*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manises]], Spain (2002)
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Starobilsk]], Ukraine (2022)
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sheffield]], United Kingdom (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Khmelnytskyi and Sheffield became sister cities|url=https://www.decentralization.ua/en/news/15913|publisher=Decentralization.ua|date=2022-12-19|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague 6]], Czech Republic (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Підписано угоду про партнерство із районом міста Прага|url=https://khm.gov.ua/uk/content/pidpysano-ugodu-pro-partnerstvo-iz-rayonom-mista-praga|publisher=Khmelnytskyi|language=uk|date=2022-03-20|access-date=2022-05-06}}</ref>

In addition, Khmelnytskyi also developed solidary partnership with [[Stuttgart]] and [[Dresden]] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solidaritätspartnerschaft |url=https://www.dresden.de/de/leben/stadtportrait/europa/solidaritaetspartnerschaft.php|publisher=Dresden|language=de|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>

In January 2016, the Khmelnytskyi city council terminated its twinned relations with the Russian cities [[Tver]] and [[Ivanovo]] due to the [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)]].<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://tyzhden.ua/News/159536 Chernivtsi decided to terminate the relationship with twin two Russian cities], [[The Ukrainian Week]] (February 27, 2016)</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Хмельницький, вулиця Панаса Мирного, ЖК «.Агора», фото 1.jpg|Panas Myrny Street
File:Дендропарк. панорама.jpg|Arboretum
File:Хмельницкий областной совет. Фото 4.jpg|Main square
File:Вул.Грушевського 97.jpg|Manor at Hrushevskoho Street, 97
File:Особняк, де розміщувався штаб 8-ої кавалерійської дивізії Червоного козацтва Хмельницький вул. Грушевського, 95.JPG|Former Headquarters of the 8th Cavalry Division of the Red Cossacks
File:Khmeln.jpg|Bank building
File:Хмельницький DSC 0262 вул. І. Франка Храм Георгія Побідоносця.jpg|Saint George Cathedral
File:Собор апостола Андрія1.jpg|St. Andrew (Andriy Pervozvannyi) Church
File:Orthodox Cathedral Khmelnytsky.jpg|Protection Cathedral
File:Хмельницький, 16-поверховий будинок на перехресті вулиць Подільської та Грушевського.jpg|Podilska Street
File:Хмельницький, реконструйований будинок на розі вулиць Проскурівської та Грушевського.jpg|Proskurivska Street
File:Костел святої Анни, Гречани, Хмельницький.jpg|Church of St. Anne
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[List of cities in Ukraine]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Khmelnytskyi}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline|Khmelnytskyi}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Khmelnytskyi}}
* [http://www.khmelnytsky.com/ khmelnytsky.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329162941/http://www.khmelnytsky.com/ |date=2018-03-29 }} - Khmelnytskyi City Rada website
* [http://fotostudio.com.ua/travel/ukraine/hmelnickiy/hm/index.html Photos of Khmelnytskyi]
* [http://ukrainetrek.com/khmelnitsky-city Khmelnytskyi Sights and Streets]
* [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=748 The murder of the Jews of Khmelnytskyi] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website.
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Proskurov|volume=22|page=457 |short=x}}
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1041435|Khmelnytskyy, Ukraine}}
* [https://km.locator.ua/?l=en An English-language city guide to Khmelnytsky]i

{{Khmelnytskyi Oblast}}
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}
{{Cities in Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Khmelnytskyi Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Oblast centers in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Southern Bug]]
[[Category:15th-century establishments in Ukraine]]