View source for Kingship and kingdom of God

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Short description|Concept in Abrahamic religions}}
{{Other uses|Kingdom of Heaven (disambiguation)}}
{{technical|date=January 2024}}
[[File:Gottvater thronend Westfalen 15 Jh.jpg|thumb|[[God the Father]] on a [[Throne of God|throne]], [[Westphalia]], Germany, late 15th century]]
{{Utopia}}

The concept of the '''kingship of God''' appears in all [[Abrahamic religions]], where in some cases the terms '''kingdom of God''' and '''kingdom of Heaven''' are also used. The notion of [[God]]'s kingship goes back to the [[Hebrew Bible]], which refers to "his kingdom" but does not include the term "Kingdom of God".<ref>"Abrahamic Faiths, Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflicts" (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change. Series I, Culture and Values, Vol. 7) by Paul Peachey, George F. McLean and John Kromkowski (Jun 1997) {{ISBN|1565181042}} p. 315</ref><ref name=Wright/>

The "Kingdom of God" and its equivalent form [[Kingdom of Heaven (Gospel of Matthew)| "Kingdom of Heaven"]] in the [[Gospel of Matthew]] is one of the key elements of the teachings of [[Jesus]] in the [[New Testament]]. The [[Gospel of Mark]] indicates that the gospel is the good news about the Kingdom of God. The term pertains to the [[Christ the King|kingship of Christ]] over all creation. The phrase "Kingdom of heaven" appears in Matthew's gospel due primarily to Jewish sensibilities about uttering the "name" (God). Jesus did not teach the kingdom of God ''per se'' so much as the ''return'' of that kingdom. The notion of God's kingdom (as it had been under [[Moses]]) returning became an agitation in [[Roman Palestine]] 60 years before Jesus was born, and continued to be a force for nearly a hundred years after his death.<ref name=France101>''The Gospel of Matthew'' by R.T. France (21 Aug 2007) {{ISBN|080282501X}} pp. 101–103</ref>{{qn|date=August 2024}} Drawing on [[Old Testament]] teachings, the Christian characterization of the [[God in Christianity|relationship between God and humanity]] inherently involves the notion of the "Kingship of God".<ref name=Mercer490/><ref name=Image478/>

The [[Quran]] does not use the term "kingdom of God", but includes [[Al-Baqara 255|the Throne Verse]] which talks about the throne of [[Allah|God]] encompassing the heavens and the Earth. The [[Quran]] also refers to [[Abraham]] seeing the "Kingdom of the heavens".<ref name=Prophet27/> Writings of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] also use the term "kingdom of God".<ref name=BGems/>

==Zoroastrianism==
[[Zoroastrianism]], a possible influence on Abrahamic traditions,<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Nigosian
 |first1               = Solomon Alexander
 |year                 = 1993
 |chapter              = Zoroastrian Teachings
 |title                = Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=p6c-TdNc69QC
 |publication-place    = Montreal
 |publisher            = McGill-Queen's University Press
 |pages                = 95; 97
 |isbn                 = 9780773511330
 |access-date          = 4 August 2024
 |quote                = The striking resemblances (and differences) between some characteristic Zoroastrian teachings and those of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have certainly attracted the attention of both biblical and Iranian specialists. [...] it is hardly conceivable that some of the characteristic ideas and practices in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam came into being without Zoroastrian influence.
}} 
</ref>
includes the concept of a "kingdom of God" or of a [[divine kingship]]:

<blockquote>
In the [[Gatha (Zoroaster) | ''Gāthās'']] [[Zoroaster]]'s thoughts about ''khšathra'' as a thing turn mostly to the [[Dominion (political theory) | 'dominion']] or 'kingdom' of God, which was conceived, it seems, both as [[heaven]] itself, thought of as lying just above the visible sky, and as the kingdom of God to come on earth which is also represented by Khšathra - hence, presumably, his standing epithet of ''vairya'' 'desirable'; for as Christians pray to God, 'Thy kingdom come ...', so also  Zoroastrians long to establish the kingdom of [[Ahura Mazda | Ahura Mazdā]] here below. [...] The heavenly aspect of khšathra/Khšathra has plainly a pagan origin, for in the [[Vedas]] [[Paradise]] is the kṣatra of [[Varuṇa]], the kingdom of heaven which for their own happiness men longed to attain.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Boyce
 |first1               = Mary
 |author-link1         = Mary Boyce
 |date                 = 1 January 1996
 |orig-date            = 1975
 |chapter              = Ahura Mazda, Angra Mainyu and the Bounteous Immortals
 |title                = A History of Zoroastrianism
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=S5A18Y6rkjoC
 |series               = Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 the near and Middle East / Handbook of Oriental Studies, Religion Series, ISSN 0169-9423
 |volume               = 1: The Early Period
 |edition              = reprint
 |publication-place    = Leiden
 |publisher            = E. J. Brill
 |page                 = 209
 |isbn                 = 9789004104747
 |access-date          = 4 August 2024
}} 
</ref>
</blockquote>

==Hebrew Bible==
{{Main|Kingship of God (Judaism)}}
The term "[https://www.lordmessage.co/2020/03/what-is-the-Kingdom-of-God.html kingdom of the LORD]" appears twice in the [[Hebrew Bible]], in {{Bibleverse|1 Chronicles|28:5}} and {{Bibleverse|2 Chronicles|13:8}}. In addition, "his kingdom" and "your kingdom" are sometimes used when referring to God.<ref name=Wright>{{cite book |first1=R. T. |last1=France |author-link1=R. T. France |chapter=Kingdom of God |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8UWJohMGUIC&pg=PA420 |pages=420–422 |editor1-first=Kevin J. |editor1-last=Vanhoozer |editor2-first=Craig G. |editor2-last=Bartholomew |editor3-first=Daniel J. |editor3-last=Treier |editor4-first=Nicholas Thomas |editor4-last=Wright |year=2005 |title=Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible |location=Grand Rapids |publisher=Baker Book House |isbn=978-0-8010-2694-2 |access-date=19 July 2016 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126092732/https://books.google.com/books?id=I8UWJohMGUIC&pg=PA420 |url-status=live }}</ref> "Yours is the kingdom, O Lord" is used in {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|29:10–12|HE}} and "His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom" in {{bibleverse||Daniel|3:33|HE}} ({{bibleverse||Daniel|4:3}} in the verse numbering used in Christian Bibles) for example.<ref name=Mays>''Psalms: Interpretation'' by James Mays 2011 {{ISBN|0664234399}} pp. 438–439</ref> There are also verses like {{Bibleverse|Exodus|19:6}} that show how Israel, as God's [[chosen people]], are considered to be a kingdom, mirroring some Christian interpretations that view God's kingdom as [[Christendom]].

"The Hebrew word ''malkuth'' [...] refers first to a [[Absolute monarchy|reign, dominion, or rule]] and only secondarily to the realm over which a reign is exercised. [...] When ''malkuth'' is used of God, it almost always refers to his authority or to his rule as the heavenly King."<ref>George Eldon Ladd, ''The Presence of the Future: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism'', Eerdmans (Grand Rapids: 1974), 46–47.</ref>
The "enthronement psalms" ([[Psalms]] [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Psalms#45|45]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Psalms#93|93]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Psalms#96|96]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Psalms#97|97–99]]) provide a background for this view with the exclamation "The Lord is King".<ref name=Image478>''Dictionary of Biblical Imagery'' by Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit and Tremper Longman III (11 November 1998) {{ISBN|0830814515}} pp. 478–479</ref>

{{bibleverse|1|Kings|22:19|HE}}, [[Isaiah 6]], [[Ezekiel 1]] and {{bibleverse|Daniel|7:9|HE}} all speak of the [[Throne of God]], although some philosophers such as [[Saadia Gaon]] and [[Maimonides]] interpreted such mention of a "throne" as allegory.<ref name= "Bowker pp. Throne of God">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Bowker |first=John |title=Throne of God |encyclopedia=The concise Oxford dictionary of world religions |edition=2005 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-861053-X |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-ThroneofGod.html}}</ref>

==Intertestamental period==
{{See also|Intertestamental period}}
The phrase ''the Kingdom of God'' is not common in intertestamental literature. Where it does occur, such as in the [[Psalms of Solomon]] and the [[Wisdom of Solomon]], it usually refers to "God's reign, not to the realm over which he reigns, nor to the new age, [nor to ...] the messianic order to be established by the Lord's Anointed".<ref>George Eldon Ladd, The Presence of the Future: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism, Eerdmans (Grand Rapids: 1974), 130.</ref>

The term does occasionally, however, denote "an eschatological event", such as in the [[Assumption of Moses]] and the [[Sibylline Oracles]]. In these works, "God's Kingdom is not the new age but the effective manifestation of his rule in all the world so that the eschatological order is established."<ref>George Eldon Ladd, The Presence of the Future: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism, Eerdmans (Grand Rapids: 1974), 131.</ref> Along these lines was the more "national" view in which the awaited [[messiah]] was seen as a liberator and the founder of a new state of Israel.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi'' by Karl Rahner (2004) {{ISBN|0860120066}} p. 1351</ref>

==New Testament==
The [[Gospel of Luke]] records Jesus' description of the Kingdom of God, "The kingdom of God does not come with observation;<ref>{{bibleref2|Luke|17:20|NKJV}} NKJV</ref> neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you."<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|17:21|KJV}} [[King James Version|KJV]]</ref>

In the [[Synoptic Gospels]], Jesus speaks frequently of God's kingdom. However within the [[New Testament]], nowhere does Jesus appear to clearly define the concept.<ref name="Ladd_45">George Eldon Ladd, The Presence of the Future: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism, Eerdmans (Grand Rapids: 1974), 45.</ref> Within the Synoptic Gospel accounts, the assumption appears to have been made that, "this was a concept so familiar that it did not require definition."<ref name="Ladd_45"/> Karen Wenell wrote, "Mark's Gospel provides for us a significant place of transformation for the space of the Kingdom of God, precisely because it can be understood as a kind of birthplace for the Kingdom of God, the beginning of its construction ...".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wenell|first1=Karen|title=A Markan 'Context' Kingdom? Examining Biblical and Social Models in Spatial Interpretation|journal=Biblical Theology Bulletin|date=August 2014|volume=44|issue=3|page=126|doi=10.1177/0146107914540487 |s2cid=144390379 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[John's Gospel]] refers to the Kingdom of God in Jesus' dialogue with [[Nicodemus]] in [[John 3|chapter 3]].<ref>{{bibleverse|John|3:3-5|NKJV}}</ref> [[Constantin von Tischendorf]]'s text is exceptional in referring to "the kingdom of heaven" in John 3:5, on evidence which [[Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer|Heinrich Meyer]] describes as "ancient but yet inadequate".<ref>Meyer, H. A. W. (1880), [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/meyer/john/3.htm Meyer's NT Commentary] on John 3, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 8 January 2024</ref>

Within the non-canonical, yet contemporary [[Gnostic Gospel]] of [[Gospel of Thomas|Thomas]], Jesus is quoted as saying, "If those who lead you say to you: ‘Look, the kingdom is in the sky!’ then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you: ‘It is in the sea,’ then the fishes will precede you. Rather, the kingdom is inside of you and outside of you. When you come to know yourselves, then you will be known, and you will realize that you are the children of the living Father."<ref name="gnostic-thomas">[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/bible-versions-and-translations/the-gospel-of-thomas-114-sayings-of-jesus/ Gospel of Thomas’s 114 Sayings of Jesus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905000650/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-topics/bible-versions-and-translations/the-gospel-of-thomas-114-sayings-of-jesus/ |date=5 September 2017 }} Biblical Archaeological Society.  4 June 2017.  Downloaded 4 September 2017.</ref> This same Gospel of Thomas further describes Jesus as implying that the Kingdom of God is already present, saying, "The kingdom of the Father is spread out upon the earth, and people do not see it.”<ref name="gnostic-thomas"/>

The [[Apostle Paul]] described the Kingdom of God in his letter to the church in Rome: "For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit."<ref>Romans 14:17 NIV</ref>
 
The Kingdom of God (and its possibly equivalent form [[Kingdom of Heaven (Gospel of Matthew)|Kingdom of Heaven in the Gospel of Matthew]]) is one of the key elements of the teachings of [[Jesus]] in the [[New Testament]].<ref name="France101"/> Drawing on Old Testament teachings, the Christian characterization of the relationship between God and humanity inherently involves the notion of the "Kingship of God".<ref name=Mercer490>''Mercer Dictionary of the Bible'' by Watson E. Mills, Edgar V. McKnight and Roger A. Bullard (2001) {{ISBN|0865543739}} p. 490</ref><ref name=Image478/>

Most of the uses of the Greek word, ''basileia'' (kingdom), in the New Testament involve the Kingdom of God (or Kingdom of Heaven).<ref>''Theology for the Community of God'' by Stanley J. Grenz (2000) {{ISBN|0802847552}} p. 473</ref> Matthew is likely to have instead used the term [[heaven]] because the background of his [[Jewish Christians|Jewish audience]] imposed restrictions on the frequent use of the [[Name of God in Christianity|name of God]].<ref>''Matthew'' by David L. Turner (2008) {{ISBN|0801026849}} p. 41</ref> However, Dr. [[Chuck Missler]] asserts that Matthew intentionally differentiated between the kingdoms of God and Heaven: "Most commentators presume that these terms are synonymous. However, Matthew uses ''Kingdom of Heaven'' 33 times, but also uses ''Kingdom of God'' five times, even in adjacent verses, which indicates that these are not synonymous: he is using a more denotative term."<ref>Missler, Chuck. ''A Kingdom Perspective'' http://www.khouse.org/articles/2013/1117/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020054310/https://www.khouse.org/articles/2013/1117/ |date=20 October 2020 }}</ref> Kingdom of God is translated to [[Latin]] as ''Regnum Dei'' and Kingdom of Heaven as ''Regnum caelorum''.<ref>''A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin'' by John F. Collins (1985) {{ISBN|0813206677}} p. 176</ref>

==Christianity==
{{Attributes of God in Christianity}}
{{Main|Kingdom of God (Christianity)}}The [[Old Testament]] refers to "God the Judge of all" and the notion that all humans will eventually [[Last judgment|be judged]] is an essential element of Christian teachings.<ref name="Millard391">''Introducing Christian Doctrine'' (2nd Edition) by Millard J. Erickson (2001) {{ISBN|0801022509}} pp. 391–392</ref> Building on a number of New Testament passages, the [[Nicene Creed]] indicates that the task of judgment is assigned to Jesus.<ref name="Millard391" /><ref name="Pann390">''Systematic Theology'' Vol 2 by Wolfhart Pannenberg (2004) {{ISBN|0567084663}} pp. 390–391</ref>

No overall agreement on the theological interpretation of "Kingdom of God" has emerged among scholars. While a number of theological interpretations of the term Kingdom of God have appeared in its [[Eschatology|eschatological]] context, e.g. [[apocalypticism|apocalyptic]], [[realized eschatology|realized]] or [[Inaugurated eschatology|Inaugurated]] eschatologies, no consensus has emerged among scholars.<ref name=familiar77>''Familiar Stranger: An Introduction to Jesus of Nazareth'' by Michael James McClymond (2004) {{ISBN|0802826806}} pp. 77–79</ref><ref name=Chil255>''Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research'' by Bruce Chilton and Craig A. Evans (1998) {{ISBN|9004111425}} p. 255–257</ref>

[[R. T. France]] points out that while the concept of the "Kingdom of God" has an intuitive meaning to lay Christians, there is hardly any agreement among scholars about its meaning in the New Testament.<ref name=FranceK1>''Divine Government: God's Kingship in the Gospel of Mark'' by R.T. France (2003) {{ISBN|1573832448}} pp. 1–3</ref> Some scholars see it as a Christian lifestyle, some as a method of world evangelization, some as the rediscovery of charismatic gifts, others relate it to no present or future situation, but the [[world to come]].<ref name=FranceK1/> France states that the phrase Kingdom of God is often interpreted in many ways to fit the theological agenda of those interpreting it.<ref name=FranceK1/>

In the [[New Testament]], the [[Throne of God]] is alluded to in several forms.<ref name= "Kittel p. 164-166">{{cite book |last=Kittel |first=Gerhard |title=Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Volumes 3-4 |year=1966 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=0-8028-2245-2 |pages=164–166}}</ref> Among these are [[Heaven (Christianity)|Heaven]] as the Throne of God, The Throne of [[David]], The Throne of Glory, The Throne of [[Grace (Christianity)|Grace]] and many more.<ref name= "Kittel p. 164-166"/> The New Testament continues the Jewish identification of heaven itself as the "throne of God",<ref>William Barclay ''The Gospel of Matthew: Chapters 11–28 '' p. 340 Matthew 23:22 "And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it."</ref> but also locates the throne of God as "in heaven" and having a second subordinate seat at the [[Right Hand of God]] for the [[Session of Christ]].<ref>[[Philip Edgecumbe Hughes]] ''A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews'' p. 401  1988 "The theme of [[Session of Christ|Christ's heavenly session]], announced here by the statement he sat down at the [[right hand of God]], .. Hebrews 8:1 "we have such a high priest, one who is seated at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven"</ref>

==Islam==
{{Further|Divisions of the world in Islam}}
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The term "kingdom of God" does not occur in the Quran. The modern Arabic word for kingdom is ''mamlaka'' (المملكة), but in the Quran ''mul'kan'' (مُّلْكًا), refers to Heaven, e.g. in 4:54 "Or do they envy mankind for what Allah hath given them of his bounty? but We had already given the people of Abraham the Book and Wisdom, and conferred upon them a great kingdom" and 6:75  "Thus did We show Abraham the kingdom of the heavens and the earth."<ref name=Prophet27>''Biblical Prophets in the Qur'an and Muslim Literature'' by Roberto Tottoli (2001) {{ISBN|0700713948}} p. 27</ref> The variant ''Maalik'' (Owner, etmologically similar to ''Malik'' (king)) occurs in [[Al-Fatiha|1]]:4 "[Allah is] The owner of the [[Islamic eschatology|Day of Judgement]]".<ref name=fatiha>Quran 1:4</ref>

==Bahá'í Faith==
{{seealso|Bahá'í cosmology}}
The term "kingdom of God" appears in the writings of the [[Baháʼí Faith]], including the religious works of [[Bahá'u'lláh]], the founder of the religion, and his son [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]].<ref name=BGems>{{cite book |author = Bahá'u'lláh |author-link = Bahá'u'lláh |year = 2002 |title = Gems of Divine Mysteries |publisher = Baháʼí World Centre |location = Haifa, Israel |isbn = 0-85398-975-3 |url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/GDM/ |page = 9 |access-date = 30 October 2010 |archive-date = 6 June 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190606124511/http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/GDM/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author = Bahá'u'lláh |author-link = Bahá'u'lláh |year = 1976 |title = Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh |publisher = Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location = Wilmette, Illinois |isbn = 0-87743-187-6 |url = https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/86 |page = [https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwri0000baha_w8j0/page/86 86] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author = Bahá'u'lláh |author-link = Bahá'u'lláh |orig-year = 1873 |year = 1992 |title = The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book |publisher = Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location = Wilmette, Illinois |isbn = 0-85398-999-0 |url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/KA/ |access-date = 30 October 2010 |archive-date = 14 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190514100418/http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/KA/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = `Abdu'l-Bahá |author-link = `Abdu'l-Bahá |year = 1908 |publication-date = 1990 |title = Some Answered Questions |publisher = Baháʼí Publishing Trust |place = Wilmette, Illinois |url = http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/ |isbn = 0-87743-162-0 |page = 58 |access-date = 30 October 2010 |archive-date = 22 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190522140517/http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/ab/SAQ/ |url-status = live }}</ref>  In the [[Baháʼí teachings]], the kingdom of God is seen both as a state of individual being, and the state of the world. Bahá'u'lláh claimed that the scriptures of the world's religions foretell a coming messianic figure that will bring a [[New world order (Baháʼí)|golden age of humanity]], the kingdom of God on earth. He claimed to be that figure, and that his teachings would bring about the kingdom of God; he also noted that the prophecies relating to the end times and the arrival of the kingdom of God were symbolic and referred to spiritual upheaval and renewal.<ref name="momen">{{cite book | last = Momen | first = Moojan | year = 2004 | title = Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia | editor-first = Phyllis G. | editor-last = Jestice | publisher = ABC-CLIO | isbn = 1-57607-355-6 | chapter = Baha'i Faith and Holy People | place = Santa Barbara, CA}}</ref> The Baháʼí teachings also state as people worship and serve humanity they become closer to God and develop spiritually, so that they can attain eternal life and enter the kingdom of God while alive.<ref>{{cite book | last = Smith | first = Peter | year = 2008 | title = An Introduction to the Baháʼí Faith | publisher = Cambridge University Press | place = Cambridge | isbn=978-0-521-86251-6 | pages = 118–119}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Apocalypse]]
* [[Christ the King]]
* [[Divine presence]]
* [[Emperor of Heaven (disambiguation)|Emperor of Heaven]]
* [[King of the gods]]
* [[Qaddish]]
* [[Queen of Heaven]]
* [[New world order (Baháʼí)]]
* [[Sermon on the Mount]]
* [[Throne of God]]
* {{Bibleverse|Genesis|2|KJV}}
{{Div col end}}

==References and notes==
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Kingdom of God}}

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08646a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Kingdom of God]
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=225&letter=K Jewish Encyclopedia: Kingdom of God]
* [http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRGRK9.htm Strong’s Greek Dictionary]
*{{cite journal|first=Martin J. |last=Selman |title=The Kingdom of God in the Old Testament |journal=Tyndale Bulletin |volume=40 |issue=2 |year=1989 |pages=161–83 |doi=10.53751/001c.30539 |s2cid=26571026 |url=http://www.tyndalehouse.com/tynbul/library/TynBull_1989B_40_01_Selman_KingdomOfGodInOT.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126012806/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/TynBul/Library/TynBull_1989B_40_01_Selman_KingdomOfGodInOT.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2012 }}

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[[Category:Judeo-Christian topics]]
[[Category:Biblical phrases]]
[[Category:Christ the King]]
[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Heaven in Christianity]]
[[Category:Jewish eschatology]]
[[Category:Christian eschatology]]
[[Category:Islamic eschatology]]
[[Category:Luminous Mysteries]]
[[Category:Mythical utopias]]