View source for Klaus von Klitzing

{{short description|German physicist (born 1943)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| caption           = Von Klitzing in 2015
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1943|6|28|df=y}}
| birth_place       = {{nowrap|[[Środa Wielkopolska|Schroda]], [[Reichsgau Posen]], [[Nazi Germany]]}}<br />{{small|(now Środa Wielkopolska, Poland)}}
| name              = Klaus von Klitzing
| image             = Klaus von Klitzing 2015.jpg
| image_size        = 
| field             = [[Physics]]
| alma_mater        = [[University of Würzburg]]
| thesis_title      = Galvanomagnetische Eigenschaften von Tellur in starken Magnetfeldern
| thesis_year       = 1972
| known_for         = [[Quantum Hall effect]]<ref>{{cite journal
 | title = New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance
 | last1 = Klitzing
 | first1 = K. v.
 | last2 = Dorda
 | first2 =  G.
 | last3 = Pepper
 | first3 = M.
 | journal = [[Physical Review Letters]]
 | volume = 45
 | issue = 6
 | pages = 494–497
 | year = 1980
 | publisher = American Physical Society
 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.494
 | bibcode = 1980PhRvL..45..494K
 | doi-access = free
 }}</ref>
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] {{small|(1985)}}
* [[Dirac Medal and Lecture|UNSW Dirac Medal]] {{small|(1988)}}
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] {{small|(2003)}}<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web
 | url=https://royalsociety.org/people/klaus-von-klitzing-12467/
 | title=Professor Klaus von Klitzing ForMemRS
 | publisher=[[Royal Society]]}}</ref>}}
| website           = {{URL|http://www.fkf.mpg.de/klitzing}}
}}

'''Klaus von Klitzing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈklaʊs fɔn ˈklɪtsɪŋ|lang|De-Klaus von Klitzing.ogg}}; born 28 June 1943) is a German physicist, known for discovery of the [[quantum Hall effect|integer quantum Hall effect]], for which he was awarded the 1985 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1985/index.html
| title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985
| quote=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 was awarded to Klaus von Klitzing "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect".
| publisher=Nobel Media AB 2014
| access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/klaus_von_klitzing.html
| title=Klaus von Klitzing
| year=2003
| publisher=www.nobel-winners.com
| access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref>

==Education==
In 1962, [[Von Klitzing|Klitzing]] passed the [[Abitur]] at the [[Artland-Gymnasium]] in [[Quakenbrück]], Germany, before studying physics at the [[Braunschweig University of Technology]], where he received his diploma in 1969. He continued his studies at the [[University of Würzburg]] at the chair of [[Gottfried Landwehr]], completing his PhD thesis entitled ''Galvanomagnetic Properties of Tellurium in Strong Magnetic Fields'' ({{Langx|de|Galvanomagnetische Eigenschaften von Tellur in starken Magnetfeldern}}) in 1972, and gaining [[habilitation]] in 1978.

==Research and career==
During his career Klitzing has worked at the [[Clarendon Laboratory]] at the [[University of Oxford]] and the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory in France (now [[LNCMI]]), where he continued to work until becoming a professor at the [[Technical University of Munich]] in 1980. He has been a director of the [[Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research]] in [[Stuttgart]] since 1985.<ref>{{cite journal
 |author1=K. von Klitzing |author2=G. Dorda |author3=M. Pepper | year = 1980
 | title =  New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall
 | journal = [[Physical Review Letters]]
 | volume = 45 | issue = 6| pages = 494–497
 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.494
 | bibcode=1980PhRvL..45..494K
| doi-access = free}}</ref>

The [[von Klitzing constant]], ''R''<sub>K</sub> = ''[[Planck constant|h]]''/''[[elementary charge|e]]''<sup>2</sup> = {{physconst|RK|after=,}} is named in honor of Klaus von Klitzing's discovery of the [[quantum Hall effect]], and is listed in the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] ''Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty''. The inverse of the constant is equal to half the value of the [[conductance quantum]].

More recently,{{when|date=November 2015}} Klitzing's research focuses on the properties of low-dimensional electronic systems, typically in low temperatures and in high [[magnetic field]]s.

==Honours and awards==
Von Klitzing has won numerous awards and honours including:
{{div col}}
* 1981 [[Walter Schottky Prize]]
* 1982 [[EPS Europhysics Prize]]
* 1982 [[Hewlett-Packard]] Prize{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
* 1985 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]
* 1985 Directorate for life at the [[Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research]]
* 1986 Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]]<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>
* 1986 [[Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg]]
* 1988 Honorary Doctorate from the [[Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt]]
* 1988 [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]
* 1988 [[Dirac Medal and Lecture]] of the [[University of New South Wales]]
* 1992 Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) from the [[University of Bath]]<ref>{{cite web
 | url= http://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/honorary-graduates-1990-to-1999/
 | title=Honorary graduates, 1990 to 1999
 | publisher = [[University of Bath]]
 | access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref>
* 1999 Honorary Member of the [[German Physical Society]]
* [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2003|2003 Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS)]]<ref name=formemrs/>
* 2005 [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] Medal of the Brunswick Scientific Society<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://bwg-nds.de/gau%C3%9F-medaille/preistr%C3%A4ger-innen/
 | title=Preisträger/innen
 | quote=2005: Klaus von Klitzing, Dr. rer. nat., Dr. h. c. mult., Professor für Festkörperphysik, Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Honorarprofessor an der Universität Stuttgart
 | language=de
 | publisher=Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft
 | access-date=28 April 2018
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101122733/http://bwg-nds.de/gau%C3%9F-medaille/preistr%C3%A4ger-innen/
 | archive-date=1 November 2017
| url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
* 2006 Honorary Doctorate of the [[University of Oldenburg]]
* 2007 Member of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]
* 2007 Member of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
* 2009 [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf
 | title = 10542/AB XXIV. GP – Anfragebeantwortung
 | date=23 April 2012
| page=1841
 | language = de
 | access-date = 28 April 2018}}</ref>
* 2012 Distinguished Affiliated Professor at the [[Technical University of Munich]]
* 2016 Honoris Causa Doctorate of the [[Universidad Nacional de San Martín]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://noticias.unsam.edu.ar/2016/11/14/klaus-von-klitzing-y-stefan-hell-seran-doctores-honoris-causa-por-la-unsam/ |title=Doctorado Honoris Causa |date=17 November 2016 |website=unsam.edu.ar |publisher=Noticias UNSAM |language=es |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
* 2019 [[Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/orden-pour-le-mérite-waehlt-neue-mitglieder-1648038 |title=Orden Pour le mérite wählt neue Mitglieder |date=2019 |website=bundesregierung.de |publisher=Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung |language=de |access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>
* Professor von Klitzing Strasse in [[Quakenbrück]] and Klaus von Klitzing Strasse in [[Landau]] are named after von Klitzing
*2019 Fray International Sustainability Award given at SIPS 2019 by FLOGEN Star Outreach<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flogen.org/?p=38&bio=Klitzing |title = Klaus von Klitzing winner of the Fray Award}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Scholia|author}}
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, 9 December 1985 ''The Quantized Hall Effect''

{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{1985 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{FRS 2003}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Klitzing, Klaus Von}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Środa Wielkopolska]]
[[Category:University of Würzburg alumni]]
[[Category:TU Braunschweig alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich]]
[[Category:Semiconductor physicists]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:21st-century German physicists]]
[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Max Planck Society people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)]]
[[Category:20th-century German physicists]]
[[Category:Max Planck Institute directors]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]