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{{Short description|City in Moscow Oblast, Russia}}
{{other uses}}
{{expand Russian|date=March 2024|topic=geo}}
{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Kolomna
|ru_name=Коломна
|image_skyline=Kremlin Kolomna.jpg
|image_caption=Historic center of Kolomna
|coordinates={{coord|55|05|N|38|47|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=top
|image_flag=Flag of Kolomna district.svg
|flag_caption=
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kolomna.svg
|coa_caption=
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
<!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS---->
|federal_subject=[[Moscow Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref1406" />
|adm_city_jur=Kolomna [[City of federal subject significance|City Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref1406" />
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Kolomensky District]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref1406" />
|adm_ctr_of2=Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref1406" />
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref1406" />
<!----MUNICIPAL STATUS---->
|urban_okrug_jur=Kolomna Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref785" />
|mun_admctr_of1=Kolomna Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref1022">Law #43/2005-OZ</ref>
|mun_admctr_of2=Kolomensky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref785" />
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=[[Valery Shuvalov]]
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=[[Council of Deputies of Kolomna|Council of Deputies]]
|representative_body_ref=
<!----STATISTICS---->
|area_km2=67.12
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="Ref785" />
|pop_2010census=144589
|pop_2010census_rank=119th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
<!----HISTORY---->
|established_date=1177
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref=
<!----MISCELLANEA---->
|postal_codes=140400
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=496
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://www.kolomnagrad.ru
}}
'''Kolomna''' ({{langx|ru|Коломна}}, {{IPA|ru|kɐˈlomnə|IPA|audio=Ru-Коломна.oga}}) is a historic [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Russia]], situated at the [[confluence]] of the [[Moskva River|Moskva]] and [[Oka River]]s, {{convert|114|km|sp=us}} (by rail) southeast of [[Moscow]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=144,589|p2002=150,129|p1989=161,881}}

==History==
Mentioned for the first time in 1177, Kolomna<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moscovery.com/kolomna/|title=The History of Kolomna|website=[in English]|access-date=March 1, 2018|archive-date=March 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225505/https://www.moscovery.com/kolomna/|url-status=dead}}</ref> was founded in 1140–1160 according to the latest archaeological surveys.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} Мазуров А. Б. Средневековая Коломна в XIV — первой трети XVI вв. / Под ред. В. Л. Янина. М.: Александрия, 2001. С. 58</ref> Kolomna's name may originate from the [[Old East Slavic|Old Russian]] term for "on the bend (in the river)", especially as the old city is located on a sharp bend in the [[Moskva River|Moscow River]]. In January 1238, Kolomna was [[Siege of Kolomna|destroyed]] by a [[Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'|Mongol invasion]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofnovgo00michrich|title=The chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471|last=Michell|first=Robert|last2=Shakhmaton|first2=A. A.|last3=Forbes|first3=Nevill|last4=Beazley|first4=C. Raymond (Charles Raymond)|date=1914|publisher=London, Offices of the society|others=University of California Libraries}}</ref> In 1301, Kolomna became the first town to be incorporated into the [[Moscow Principality]].<ref>Nossov K. S. Medieval Russian Fortresses AD 862-1480. Osprey Publishing. 2012. P. 8</ref>

Like some other ancient Russian cities, it has a [[Kolomna Kremlin|kremlin]], which is a [[citadel]] similar to the [[Moscow Kremlin|more famous one in Moscow]] and also built of red [[brick]].<ref>Brumfield W. C. Landmarks of Russian Architecture: A Photographic Survey. Routledge. Pp. 94-95</ref> The stone Kolomna Kremlin was built from 1525–1531 under the Russian Tsar [[Vasily III]]. The Kolomna citadel was a part of the [[Zasechnaya cherta|Great Abatis Border]]<ref>[http://img-2005-08.photosight.ru/07/977038.jpg Several towers and two parts of walls]</ref> and, although much of the surrounding wall was removed in the eighteenth century and materials used to construct other public buildings, the remaining stretch of wall,  several towers, and some interior buildings have been preserved and held in good shape with a museum located inside. In front of the façade stands a statue of [[Dmitry Donskoy]], celebrating the gathering of his troops in Kolomna prior to the [[Battle of Kulikovo]] in 1380.

The [[Civic heraldry|civic arms]] of Kolomna were granted by [[Catherine the Great|Empress Catherine II]], who was influenced by the similar-sounding name of the famous [[Colonna family|Colonna]] family of [[Rome]]. Hence, the similar appearance of the arms, despite there being no connection between the Roman family and the city of Kolomna.

Due to sensitive military production of missile components, Kolomna was a [[closed city]] until 1994. It is not listed as a city of the [[Golden Ring of Russia|Golden Ring]], despite its kremlin and the large number of well-preserved churches and monasteries.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast|framework of administrative divisions]], Kolomna serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Kolomensky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref1406">Law #11/2013-OZ</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as '''Kolomna [[City of federal subject significance|City Under Oblast Jurisdiction]]'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast|districts]].<ref name="Ref1406" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], Kolomna City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as '''Kolomna Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref785">Law #153/2004-OZ</ref>

==Transportation==

Kolomna is located on the Ryazan line of the Moscow railroad, {{convert|116|km|sp=us}} from [[Moscow]]. In Kolomna, there are five railway stations (Kolomna, Shchurovo, Bochmanovo, 6&nbsp;km, and Sychevo) and one terminal (Golutvin).

Two bus terminals are located in the city. Public transport in the city is represented by [[tram]] and [[bus|city bus]] lines.

Kolomna is situated on three rivers, and has passenger and transport berths, with the most well-known being Bochmanovo berth.

==Sports==

The [[Kolomna Speed Skating Center]] is an indoor ice speed skating oval used for Russian and international championships. It hosted the [[2008 European Speed Skating Championships]] and the [[2016 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships]]. The Kolomna Speed Skating Center is considered one of the most modern ice speed skating ovals in the world.

==Geography==
The city is situated at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka Rivers, 114 kilometers (71 mi) (by rail) southeast of Moscow.
===Climate===

{{Weather box|width=auto
|location=Kolomna (extremes 1913–present)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 8.3
|Feb record high C = 8.9
|Mar record high C = 19.5
|Apr record high C = 29.8
|May record high C = 34.1
|Jun record high C = 35.4
|Jul record high C = 39.5
|Aug record high C = 39.7
|Sep record high C = 30.3
|Oct record high C = 24.3
|Nov record high C = 19.1
|Dec record high C = 10.0

|Jan high C = -4.2
|Feb high C = -3.4
|Mar high C = 2.6
|Apr high C = 12.0
|May high C = 19.9
|Jun high C = 23.3
|Jul high C = 25.6
|Aug high C = 23.7
|Sep high C = 17.3
|Oct high C = 9.5
|Nov high C = 1.5
|Dec high C = -2.7

|Jan mean C = -7.1
|Feb mean C = -6.9
|Mar mean C = -1.6
|Apr mean C = 6.6
|May mean C = 13.9
|Jun mean C = 17.6
|Jul mean C = 19.7
|Aug mean C = 17.7
|Sep mean C = 11.9
|Oct mean C = 5.8
|Nov mean C = -0.9
|Dec mean C = -5.0

|Jan low C = -10.2
|Feb low C = -10.5
|Mar low C = -5.6
|Apr low C = 1.5
|May low C = 7.7
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jul low C = 14.0
|Aug low C = 12.1
|Sep low C = 7.2
|Oct low C = 2.4
|Nov low C = -3.2
|Dec low C = -7.7

|Jan record low C = -38.1
|Feb record low C = -40.4
|Mar record low C = -31.4
|Apr record low C = -22.5
|May record low C = -4.5
|Jun record low C = -0.7
|Jul record low C = 2.9
|Aug record low C = 0.1
|Sep record low C = -6.2
|Oct record low C = -15.1
|Nov record low C = -26.5
|Dec record low C = -40.8

|Jan precipitation mm = 41.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 35.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 31.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 36.1
|May precipitation mm = 50.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 68.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 69.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 52.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 55.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 41.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 43.7
|source 1 = pogoda.ru.net<ref>{{cite web|title=Климат Коломны|url=http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27625.htm|accessdate=December 27, 2022|language=Russian}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2012}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Historical populations of Kolomna (figures in thousands)
! Year
! 1897 !! 1926 !! 1939 !! 1959 !! 1962 !! 1967 !! 1970 !! 1973 !! 1976 !! 1979
|-
| Рopulation
| 20.9 ||   35 ||   85 ||  118 ||  125 ||  131 ||  136 ||  140 ||  145 || 146.5
|-
! Year
! 1982 !! 1986 !! 1989 !!  1992 !!  1996 !!  1998 !!  2000 !!  2001 !!  2003 !!  2006
|-
| Рopulation
|  151 ||  158 ||  162 || 163.7 || 153.6 || 152.1 || 150.7 || 149.6 || 150.1 || 148.0
|}

==Notable people==

[[File:Edward Frenkel 2008 (re-scanned).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Edward Frenkel]]]]
* [[Vitalik Buterin]], Russian-Canadian programmer, writer, and creator of [[Ethereum]]
* [[Dmitry Dorofeyev]], speed skater
* [[Philaret Drozdov]], Metropolitan of Moscow
* [[Nikolay Epshtein]], Soviet ice hockey coach
* [[Edward Frenkel]], Russian-American mathematician
* [[Olga Graf]], speed skater
* [[Sergey Gorshkov]], Soviet admiral
* [[Mikhail Katukov]], commander of armored troops in the Red Army
* [[Ivan Lazhechnikov]], writer
* [[Yekaterina Lobysheva]], speed skater
* [[Sergey Malitsky]], fantasy fiction writer
* [[Eduard Malofeyev]], football player and manager
* [[Mikhail Tyurin]], cosmonaut
* [[Nina Vatolina]], poster artist

==Attractions==
[[File:Marinkina Tower of Kolomna Kremlin01.jpg|thumb|Kolomna Kremlin]] [[File:Богоявленский Старо-Голутвин мужской монастырь.jpg|thumb|Old Golutvin Monastery]] 
*[[Kolomna Kremlin]] including:
** [[Kolomna Cathedral]]
** [[New Golutvin Monastery]]
** [[Bobrenev Monastery]]
*[[Old Golutvin Monastery]] near the city, at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka rivers
* Posad, with several parish churches
* [[Gorodishche Church, Kolomna|Church of John the Baptist]], one of the oldest surviving buildings in the Moscow region (datable to the 14th century)
* Museum of [[pastila]], a locally produced fruit candy
* [[Kolomna Speed Skating Center]]
* [[Museum of Organic Culture]]

==International relations==
{{Main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Kolomna is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Maladzyechna]], [[Belarus]]
*{{Flagicon|Latvia}} [[Bauska]], [[Latvia]]
*{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], Russia
* {{flagicon|BIH}} [[Istočno Sarajevo]], Bosnia and Herzegovina<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gradistocnosarajevo.net/istocno-sarajevo/potpisan-sporazum-o-bratimljenju-sa-ruskim-gradom-kolomna/|title=Potpisan sporazum o bratimljenju sa ruskim gradom Kolomna|publisher=gradistocnosarajevo.net|date=2017-06-18 |access-date=2017-06-30|last1=|first1=}}</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|kolomna}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|mos|mun|list|kolomensky}}
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Kolomna |volume=15 |short=x}}

{{Moscow Oblast}}
{{Historical places of the former Grand Duchy of Moscow}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}

[[Category:Kolomna| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast]]
[[Category:Kolomensky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 12th century]]
[[Category:1177 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:12th-century establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Rus' towns]]