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{{Short description|Town in Peloponnese, Greece}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos
  |name = Kranidi
  |name_local = Κρανίδι 
|type = municipal unit
|image_map = DE Kranidiou.svg
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit
|periph = [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]]
|periphunit         = [[Argolis]]
|municipality = [[Ermionida]]
  |pop_municunit = 9631
  |pop_community = 4493
  |population_as_of = 2021
  |area_municunit  =  252.9
  |elevation = 92
  |coordinates = {{coord|37.380|23.159|display=inline,title}}
  |postal_code = 213 00
  |area_code = 27540
  |licence = AP
  |website = 
 |image_skyline      = Kranidi.jpg
 |caption_skyline    = 
 |city_flag          = 
 |city_seal          = 
 |districts          = 
}}

'''Kranidi''' ({{langx|el|{{Script|Grek|Κρανίδι}}|Kranídi}}, {{langx|el|label=Katharevousa|{{Script|Grek|Κρανίδιον}}|Cranidium}}) is a town and a former municipality in [[Argolis]], [[Peloponnese (region)|Peloponnese]], [[Greece]]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality [[Ermionida]], of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.{{refn|name=Kallikratis|{{Cite magazine |date=2010-08-11 |title=Αποφάσεις |trans-title=Decisions |url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q. |url-status=live |magazine=[[Government Gazette (Greece)|Government Gazette]] |language=el |volume=2 |issue=1292 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320052040/http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnTy36MacmUFCx2ppFvBej56Pu3hxZzkOTz5qZnsIAdk8Lv_e6czmhEembNmZCMxLMtfYBuJqGE76h5RhWspk-eSOmV1oWEF08Hh4BMWFnt49M |archive-date=2022-03-20 |access-date=2022-04-27}}}} The municipal unit has an area of {{convert|252.938|km2|abbr=on}}.{{refn|name=stat01|{{Cite web |date=2001-03-18 |title=Απογραφή Πληθυσμού — Κατοικιών (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) |trans-title=Population & housing census (usual resident population) |url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |url-status=live |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |language=el |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21}}}} Some say the name is derived from the word ''Koronida'', while others claim it is from the word ''Kranaos'', which means "rocky trough". It is situated in the eastern part of Argolis, on the easternmost "finger" of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is {{convert|8|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Ermioni]], {{convert|28|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Epidaurus]] and {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Nafplio]].

Kranidi is known for being the location of [[vacation property|second homes]] of several prominent celebrities, including [[Sean Connery]] and the Dutch head of state King [[Willem-Alexander]] and his wife Queen [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima]].

==Geography==
[[File:Amanzoe-Villa-Night.jpg|thumb|left|Hotel in Kranidi.]]
[[File:Doroufi Beach Panorama.jpg|thumb|left|Doroufi beach.]]
The area around Kranidi consists of low hills, covered with olive groves and small forests. The town itself is about {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} from the coast. Several villages of the municipal unit Kranidi are on the [[Aegean Sea]] coast, including Koilada, [[Portocheli]] and the small beach settlement Doroufi.

==History==
[[File:Altar of Prodromos church in Kranidi.jpg|thumb|left|Inside the church of Agios Prodromos.]]
The place of Kranidi has been inhabited for thousands of years. Very close to town is located the [[Phrancthi Cave]] that was the dwelling of prehistoric man. During the Homeric era, in this place there were two cities, Hermion (in place of modern [[Ermioni]]) and Masis (in place of the modern village of Koilada). In the classical era, a few kilometres south, the city of [[Halieis]] was built, in place of modern [[Porto Heli]]. Kranidi is first mentioned in the 16th century after the Turkish name Kato Nahagie, which means low province.{{refn|name=argolikikranidi|{{Cite web |date=2009-04-07 |title=Κρανίδι |trans-title=Kranidi |url=http://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2009/04/07/%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415040812/https://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2009/04/07/%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9/ |archive-date=2021-04-15 |access-date=2014-09-28 |website=Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture |language=el}}}} Kranidi was one of the centers of the Greek uprising of 1777.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} After the failure of the rebellion, however, many locals abandoned the area in order to avoid persecution by the Muslim Ottomans. Many of them sought refuge away from the Peloponnese, in Europe and Russia. Many also migrated to Cyprus.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} The modern name derives either from ancient the Greek name Kranaos or from the name of the nearby islet of Koronida.{{r|argolikikranidi}} This name was corrupted to ''Kranida'' and later ''Kranidi''. The residents of Kranidi took part in the [[Greek War of Independence]]. One local guerrilla was the priest [[Arsenios Krestas]]. In 1823, before the outbreak of the first [[Greek civil wars of 1824–1825|Greek Civil War]], Kranidi became the seat of the legislature part of Greek government.{{refn|{{Cite web |date=2010-03-01 |title=Κυβέρνηση στο Κρανίδι (1823) |trans-title=Government in Kranidi (1823) |url=http://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2010/03/01/%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9-1823/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133227/https://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2010/03/01/%CE%B7-%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9-1823/ |archive-date=2021-05-17 |access-date=2014-09-28 |website=Argolikos Archival Library of History and Culture |language=el}}}} After independence, Kranidi was appointed the seat of [[Ermionida]] province. Today, Kranidi is a flourishing small town with a rich nautical tradition and developed tourism services.

In Kranidi and the surrounding villages, [[Arvanitika]] was spoken, with heavy Greek influence. The language has largely been abandoned, with today only elders speaking it, whereas young people only understand it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Κρανίδι  – Kranidi|url=https://argolikivivliothiki.gr/2009/04/07/%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9/|publisher=argolikivivliothiki.gr|access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref>

==Historical population==

{| class="wikitable"
|- 
! Year !! Community !! Municipal unit
|-
| 1981 || 3,949 || -  
|-
| 1991 || 3,959 || 8,973
|-
| 2001 || 4,912 || 10,347
|-
| 2011 || 4,441 || 9,452
|-
| 2021 || 4,493 || 9,631
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Kranidi 
|North     = [[Epidaurus|Epidavros]]
|Northeast = [[Troezen|Troizina]]
|East      = [[Ermioni]]
|Southeast = ''[[Aegean Sea]]''
|South     =  
|Southwest = 
|West      = ''[[Argolic Gulf]]'' 
|Northwest = [[Asini]]
}}

{{Ermionida div}}
{{Arvanites}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places in Argolis]]
[[Category:Ermionida]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Greece]]
[[Category:Arvanite settlements]]