View source for Krosno

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{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Krosno
| settlement_type = [[City with powiat rights|City county]]
| motto = {{Lang|pl|Niepowtarzalne miasto w wyjatkowym miejscu}}<br/>Unique city in an uncommon place
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 275
| image_style = border:1
| perrow = 1/2/2
| image1 = Krosno from 534 Hill.jpg
| image2 = Krosno, kościół Świętej Trójcy (HB4).jpg
| image3 = Krosno. Rynek (HB2).jpg
| image4 = 02021 0993 August 2021 in Krosno.jpg
| image5 = Krosno, kościół Podwyższenia Krzyża (HB6).jpg
| caption1 = View from Franków Hill
| caption2 = Bell Tower
| caption3 = Historic city center and market
| caption4 = State Academy 
| caption5 = City Hall
}}
| image_flag = POL Krosno flag 2.svg
| image_shield = POL Krosno COA.svg
| nickname = ''Parva Cracovia (Little [[Kraków]])''
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Podkarpackie Voivodeship|name=Subcarpathian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties of Poland|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = ''city county''
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Piotr Przytocki
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1342
| area_total_km2 = 44.7
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_total = 46934
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 115617 <ref name="krosno.pl">[http://www.krosno.pl/pl/dla-mieszkancow/miejski-obszar-funkcjonalny/podstawowe-dane-statystyczne/ Krosno.pl oficjalna strona Miasta Krosna], Liczba ludnośći MOF: 115617</ref>
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|49|41|N|21|45|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 260
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 38-400 to 38-411
| area_code = +48 13
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Poland|Car plates]]
| blank_info = RK
| website = http://www.krosno.pl/
}}
'''Krosno''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Krosno.ogg|'|k|r|o|s|n|o}} (in full '''''The Royal Free City of Krosno''''', {{langx|pl|Królewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno}}) is a historical city and [[Krosno County|county]] in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]], in southeastern [[Poland]].{{TERYT}} As of 2014, the estimated population of the town was 47,140, and an urban area comprising 115,000 inhabitants.<ref name="krosno.pl"/><ref name="GUS">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_P_population_size_structure_31_12_2014.pdf|title=Population. Size and structure by territorial division|date=2009-06-02|publisher=Central Statistical Office Warsaw |access-date=2014-06-30}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Krosno is a medieval [[Defensive wall|fortified town]], a former Royal Free Town and centre of [[Textile|cloth]], [[linen]], [[canvas]], [[baize]] and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[wine]] trade.<ref name="Shtetl">{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Krosno/Krosno2.htm#HISTORYLEIBNER |title=Krosno - The Shtetl |publisher=www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org |access-date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> Nicknamed ''Parva Cracovia'' ("Little [[Kraków]]"), Krosno contains a preserved old town with architecture in various styles, including [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]], [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and several museums. It is also notable for its glassmaking traditions, which became known as the [[Krosno Glassware]]. It is a centre of  [[motorcycle speedway]] racing.

==Geography==
The River [[Wisłok]] passes by Krosno. [[Slovakia]] is about {{convert|35|km|mi}} south, and [[Ukraine]] is about {{convert|85|km|mi}} east of the city. It is located in the heartland of the [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie|Doły (Pits)]], and its average altitude is {{convert|310|m|ft}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]], but some hills are located within the confines of the city.

Neighbouring municipalities are [[Korczyna, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Korczyna]], [[Krościenko Wyżne]], [[Miejsce Piastowe]], [[Chorkówka]], [[Jedlicze]], and [[Wojaszówka]].

Situated in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]] (since 1999), previously it was the capital of [[Krosno Voivodeship]] (1975–1998). It is the capital of [[Krosno County]].

Krosno covers an area of {{convert|45|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and has seven separate town quarters and 5 [[housing estate]]s. The historical centre is situated on a hill between the fork of the Lubatówka and Wisłok Rivers (tributary of the [[San (river)|San River]]).

==History==
===Middle Ages===
The first mention of the town, which names Krosno as one of 34 estates in [[Lesser Poland]] granted to the [[Bishopric of Lebus|Bishopric of Lubusz]], appears in a document signed by High Duke of Poland [[Leszek II the Black]] in 1282. However, the oldest traces of settlement in the fork of the [[Wisłok]] and Lubatówka Rivers, found during [[Archaeology|archaeological]] research, date back to the 10th and 11th centuries. The area was inhabited by the old Polish tribe of [[Lendians]].

Today it is difficult to clearly determine the etymology of the [[Toponymy|place-name]] of Krosno. Scholars give several versions explaining the origin of the name. Some researchers thought that the name is connected with "weaving loom" (in Polish: ''krosno''),<ref name="Shtetl"/> while others traced it back to "pustules", "pimples" or "being pimply" (in Polish: ''krosta'', ''krostowatość''), which apparently reflected the bumpy shape of the area where the first settlement was founded. Finally an opinion was adopted that the original Polish name disappeared and the existing name is the result of a transformation of the German (''see: [[Walddeutsche]]'') name "''Krossen''".

[[File:"Parva Cracovia" widok na Krosno "Crosno" 1618 rok G. Braun - reprodukcja.jpg|thumb|left|Krosno in 1618]]
[[File:JABLONSKI(1847) p058 - KROSNO.jpg|thumb|left|Krosno in 1846/47]]

The date of the first foundation charter, of the town is not known, though we may presume that the oldest preserved royal document of [[Casimir III the Great|Casimir the Great]], dating from 1367, regarding the sale of the Krosno aldermanship, was modelled on an earlier foundation act. Hence it should be assumed that about the middle of the 14th century, King Casimir transformed Krosno from a settlement, into a town chartered according to the [[Magdeburg rights]] and brought in numerous groups of German settlers.

Krosno, a [[royal city in Poland|royal town]] from its origins, used the coat of arms of the [[Kuyavia]]n branch of the [[Piast dynasty]] (half an eagle and half a lion with a crown over their heads) and, owing to the king's foundation, was surrounded with a defensive wall as early as the 14th century. During the reign of [[Casimir III the Great]] the construction of stone fortifications was begun to encircle the hill. But it was only under King [[Władysław II Jagiełło]] that the full-length stone and partly earth town fortifications were completed. Two gates led into the town: the Hungarian one from the south-east and the [[Kraków]] one from the north-west. The well-fortified and secure town provided perfect conditions for the development of craft and trade. The statutes of the butchers guild were known as early as 1403 and in the middle of the 15th century the guilds of bakers, shoemakers, tailors, blacksmiths as well as clothiers and fullers were constituted. Krosno became an important production centre of cloths and fustians.

The medieval town had waterworks and a [[Sewage collection and disposal|sewage system]], which is evidence of its importance and the wealth of its inhabitants. The privilege granted by King [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]] in 1461 shows that Krosno, next to [[Kraków]] and [[Lviv|Lwów]], was the third town in the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] with such facilities. The archaeological research conducted recently, based on the [[Dendrochronology|dendrochronological method]], enabled scholars to move the date of the system's installation back to the middle of the 14th century. The pipe-line master dealt with repairs and maintenance of the whole [[Water supply|water-supply]] and sewage systems. From the research conducted by the Krosno [[archaeology|archaeologists]] it appears that the system was used until the beginning of the 19th century.
[[File:Pomnik pilsudskiego foto hepnar.jpg|upright|right|thumb|180px|Monument to [[Józef Piłsudski]].]]

The 15th century meant the beginning of commerce development for Krosno. Apart from local trade during weekly Monday fairs the town participated in a large-scale import-export and transit commerce. The main [[trade route]]s led to the [[Red Ruthenia]], [[Hungary]] and the countries of [[southern Europe]]. The largest transactions were made during yearly fairs held three times a year. The trade was mainly in local cloths and baizes, horses, cattle, copperware and imported commodities made of copper and iron, and obviously, in Hungarian wine, on which several Krosno merchant families made fortunes.<ref name="Shtetl"/> The first [[Jews]] to settle in Krosno were the brothers Nechemia and Lazar of [[Regensburg]] who received special permits from the [[List of Polish monarchs|Polish King]], [[Władysław II Jagiełło]] in the 15th century.<ref name="Shtetl"/>

===Early modern era===
In spite of [[natural disaster]]s (flood in 1497, the fire of a suburb in 1474 and of the town in 1500), Thomas Tarczay's troops raids (1473 and 1474), pestilence, which nearly depopulated the town, the 16th century was the most favourable for the development of Krosno. The town had its own bleachery, fullery, brickyard, [[Gristmill|flour mill]], municipal baths, it enjoyed the royal privilege for limestone excavation, it had the customs chamber and the right of storage of commodities. High standards of living in Krosno, called at that time ''parva Cracovia'', resulted partially from the activity of the local parish school. In the years 1400–1600 173 natives of Krosno studied in the [[Jagiellonian University|Kraków Academy]], which is evidenced by the entries in Album studiosorum.

Krosno of the 16th century was renowned not only for the wealth of its inhabitants, thrift and wide commercial contacts. It was also one of the most populous towns in the province of Lesser Poland: the population is estimated at 4 thousand. The view of Krosno was included in the work of J. Braun and F. Hoghenberg entitled ''‘The Towns of the World’'', published in [[Cologne]] in 1617 or in [[Andreas Cellarius]]'s work entitled ''‘Regin Poloniae Magnique Ducatus Lithuaniae omniumque regionum subiectorum novissima descriptio’'', published in [[Amsterdam]] in 1659.

[[File:Fara2.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Bell tower of the Holy Trinity Church]]
At the beginning of the 17th century there were about 11 [[Guild|collective guilds]] in which craftsmen representing 79 production and service trades were associated. Apart from traditional specialities connected with basic functions of the town there were also [[goldsmith]]s, [[Painting|painter]]s, [[comb]]-makers, [[armourer]]s, pavers, leather-dressers, [[Luthier|violin makers]] and soapboilers. But it was commerce that provided the town with most revenues, both from goods exchange and from services for visiting merchants. Local clerks, scribes, innkeepers, brewers, and even townspeople providing accommodation and letting shops and cellars earned a lot. Higher donations were given to the clergy for church expenses. At that time many [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[merchant]]s settled in Krosno, mainly those trading in wine. [[Scottish people|Scots]], who specialised in large-scale commerce, also came to stay and the most outstanding person among them was Robert Porteous, a wine trader from Langside, Dalkeith, who used his wealth to become a benefactor of institutions within the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pwsz.krosno.pl/gfx/pwszkrosno/pl/defaultaktualnosci/16/1872/1/wystawa_portiusa.pdf|title=Robert Porteous de Lanxeth|access-date=2019-04-15}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> There were also [[Armenians in Poland|Armenians]] and [[Ruthenians]] from [[Lviv|Lwów]], but the most numerous group of traders were [[Jews]], although Krosno had a privilege ''‘de non tolerandis Judeis’'',<ref name="Shtetl"/> barring Jews from residing and trading within the city walls.<ref name="Shtetl"/> Jewish traders living in nearby townships of [[Korczyna, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Korczyna]], [[Rymanów]] or [[Dukla]] were frequently jailed and their wares confiscated for attempting to enter Krosno.<ref name="Shtetl"/>

The middle of the 17th century witnessed the beginning of a gradual loss of the earlier position of the town. Natural disasters, raids of the [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]], [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvanian]], and [[Tatars|Tartar]] troops, pestilences and war requisitions brought Krosno to a desperate state at the end of 17th century.

===19th century and interbellum===
In the time of the [[partitions of Poland]] and under the [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] rule, once rich and important, the town experienced a period of severe impoverishment. It became one of many small towns of [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]]. Weaving was the only handicraft which enjoyed prosperity at that time. Large-scale [[flax]] and [[hemp]] [[plantation]]s provided work for many [[weaving]] shops near Krosno. [[Korczyna, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Korczyna]] and [[Kombornia]] were the strongest centres of this industry but there were thousands of home weaving shops in the vicinity of Krosno. 
[[File:Krosno, kościół Podwyższenia Krzyża i otoczenie (HB7).jpg|thumb|Monument to inventor [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]], pioneer of the global oil industry]]

It was not until the middle of the 19th century, the period of the [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galician]] autonomy from 1867 to the outbreak of the [[World War I]], that Krosno started to rise from the decline. The birth of Polish [[Petroleum industry|oil industry]] undoubtedly contributed to the notable and rapid increase of importance of the town. The first oil company started by [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]], [[Tytus Trzecielski]] and [[Karol Klobassa]] in 1856 and the refinery they erected in [[Chorkówka]] caused gradual inflow of foreign capital. As a results of the new [[administrative division]] the Krosno district (powiat) was established and in 1867 Krosno became the seat of the offices of the district authorities (starostwo). At the turn of the 20th century many societies, schools and institutions were established in the town: Loan Society, Nationwide Weaving School, [[Teacher education|Teacher Training]] School, Real [[High school|Secondary School]], "Zgoda" (Accord) Townspeople's Society, [[Polish Sokol movement|"Sokół" (Falcon) Gymnastic Society]], Bleach and Finish Plant, an [[oil refinery]], the First Domestic Factory of Tower Clocks. This state of relative progress lasted until the outbreak of [[World War I]].

During the war Krosno suffered serious damages. The inhabitants of the town, bombed and looted several times, suffered both from the Austrian and the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] troops. After the war, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the town. In [[Second Polish Republic|interwar Poland]], Krosno was a county seat administratively located in the [[Lwów Voivodeship]], and the town evolved gradually into an important industrial centre: a licence was issued to establish a flax straw breaking plant and a linen weaving plant, in the 1920s Polish Glass Factory, [[Joint stock company|Joint-Stock]] Company was set up, in 1928 the construction of the airfield was begun and the [[Flight training|aviation school]] was moved to Krosno from [[Bydgoszcz]], in the 1930s the hangars were erected.

<gallery>
Widok ogolny Krosna od strony wschodniej 1846 (79713461) (cropped).jpg|Krosno, 1846
Krosno. Widok od strony Wisloka. ante 1934 (69702637) (cropped).jpg|View from river Wisłok, before 1934
Krosno. Rynek 1939 (69702992) (cropped).jpg|Market square, 1939
Krosno, kosciol farny 1939 (67738347) (cropped).jpg|Holy Trinity church, 1939
</gallery>

===World War II===
During the German [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]], on 4 September 1939, the Poles evacuated the local aviation school in three groups to [[Łuck]] in then-eastern Poland.<ref name=k24>{{cite web|url=https://krosno24.pl/informacje/ofiary-katynia-lista-nazwisk-zabitych-krosnian-i1713|title=Ofiary Katynia: lista nazwisk zabitych krośnian|website=Krosno24.pl|date=18 September 2012 |access-date=28 March 2021|language=pl}}</ref> After the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]] from the east, two groups were captured by the Soviets, while one managed to escape through the Polish-[[Romania]]n border.<ref name=k24/>

[[File:Krosno, lotnisko pomnik 01.jpg|thumb|Memorial to students and graduates of the local aviation school killed in World War II]]
Krosno was under [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation]] from 8 September 1939 to 11 September 1944. On 25 September 1939, the German ''[[Einsatzgruppen|Einsatzgruppe I]]'' entered the town to commit various [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|atrocities against the populace]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=58–59}}</ref> As a result of the genocidal policy of [[Nazi Germany]], which goal was also the biological extermination of [[Polish people|Polish]] children, about 80% of Polish children in the area suffered from [[anemia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kostkiewicz|first=Janina|editor-last=Kostkiewicz|editor-first=Janina|year=2020|title=Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)|language=pl|location=[[Kraków]]|publisher=[[Jagiellonian University|Uniwersytet Jagielloński]], [[Biblioteka Jagiellońska]]|page=54|chapter=Niemiecka polityka eksterminacji i germanizacji polskich dzieci w czasie II wojny światowej}}</ref> 100 Poles who were either born, lived or studied in Krosno were murdered by the Russians in April–May 1940 in the large [[Katyn massacre]].<ref name=k24/> Among the victims were many local policemen.<ref name=k24/> 24 students of the local aviation school were murdered in [[Katyn (rural locality)|Katyn]] and [[Kharkiv]].<ref name=k24/> From 1942 to 1944, the German Nazi government operated a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for Jews in the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2358|title=Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Krossen|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=28 March 2021|language=de}}</ref>

The war interrupted the prosperous development of Krosno. The machinery and equipment of the glass factory, the refinery and the flax processing plant were stolen or devastated. The Krosno industry was completely ruined.

===Post-war period===
In September 1944, almost immediately after liberation, the reconstruction of the industry, destroyed during [[World War II]], began. The glass factory and the flax plant were put into operation. Later on research in geology and [[Oil well|oil drilling]] began, "Polmo" [[Shock absorber|Shock Absorbers]] Factory and Transport and Aircraft Equipment Factory (WSK) were set up. Oil industry was and still is of importance for the town. Oil Industry Engineering Institute, "Naftomet" Oil Drilling Equipment Factory, Oil Drilling Establishment and "Naftomontaż" enterprise ( assembling oil drilling equipment on [[oil field]]s) are organizations which continue the oil industry traditions of the region.

==Climate==
Krosno has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfb'') using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0}} isotherm or a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb'') using the {{convert|0|C|F|0}} isotherm.<ref name="kottek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P }}</ref> Krosno has warm summers and cold winters.

{{Weather box 
| location = Krosno (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 13.5
| Feb record high C = 16.4
| Mar record high C = 23.0
| Apr record high C = 28.1
| May record high C = 30.5
| Jun record high C = 33.2
| Jul record high C = 35.5
| Aug record high C = 34.3
| Sep record high C = 34.5
| Oct record high C = 25.5
| Nov record high C = 23.5
| Dec record high C = 14.9
| year record high C = 34.5
| Jan high C = 0.2
| Feb high C = 2.1
| Mar high C = 7.3
| Apr high C = 14.3
| May high C = 19.0
| Jun high C = 22.2
| Jul high C = 24.1
| Aug high C = 24.0
| Sep high C = 18.6
| Oct high C = 13.0
| Nov high C = 7.1
| Dec high C = 1.4
| year high C = 12.8
| Jan mean C = -2.2
| Feb mean C = -0.9
| Mar mean C = 3.1
| Apr mean C = 9.0
| May mean C = 13.6
| Jun mean C = 17.0
| Jul mean C = 18.7
| Aug mean C = 18.5
| Sep mean C = 13.7
| Oct mean C = 9.0
| Nov mean C = 4.2
| Dec mean C = -0.9
| year mean C = 8.6
| Jan low C = -4.6
| Feb low C = -3.6
| Mar low C = -0.4
| Apr low C = 4.2
| May low C = 8.7
| Jun low C = 12.2
| Jul low C = 13.8
| Aug low C = 13.5
| Sep low C = 9.5
| Oct low C = 5.8
| Nov low C = 1.7
| Dec low C = -3.1
| year low C = 4.8
| Jan record low C = -29.9
| Feb record low C = -36.9
| Mar record low C = -29.9
| Apr record low C = -9.8
| May record low C = -4.2
| Jun record low C = -2.2
| Jul record low C = 3.0
| Aug record low C = 0.8
| Sep record low C = -4.7
| Oct record low C = -8.0
| Nov record low C = -18.1
| Dec record low C = -29.4
| year record low C = -36.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 37.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 38.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 38.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.0
| May precipitation mm = 95.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 92.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 105.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 75.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 76.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 61.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 43.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 39.6
| year precipitation mm = 757.9
| Jan snow depth cm = 9.7
| Feb snow depth cm = 11.9
| Mar snow depth cm = 6.9
| Apr snow depth cm = 1.8
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0.7
| Nov snow depth cm = 4.1
| Dec snow depth cm = 6.7
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17.17
| Feb precipitation days = 15.61
| Mar precipitation days = 14.67
| Apr precipitation days = 13.73
| May precipitation days = 15.43
| Jun precipitation days = 14.57
| Jul precipitation days = 15.73
| Aug precipitation days = 12.07
| Sep precipitation days = 12.93
| Oct precipitation days = 14.33
| Nov precipitation days = 14.47
| Dec precipitation days = 17.30
| year precipitation days = 178.01
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 20.6
| Feb snow days = 19.4
| Mar snow days = 8.9
| Apr snow days = 1.1
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.5
| Nov snow days = 5.3
| Dec snow days = 17.0
| year snow days = 72.8
| Jan humidity = 85.7
| Feb humidity = 82.6
| Mar humidity = 75.6
| Apr humidity = 69.5
| May humidity = 74.2
| Jun humidity = 75.8
| Jul humidity = 76.0
| Aug humidity = 75.6
| Sep humidity = 80.2
| Oct humidity = 82.2
| Nov humidity = 84.6
| Dec humidity = 86.7
| year humidity = 79.1
| Jan sun = 62.6
| Feb sun = 72.1
| Mar sun = 125.2
| Apr sun = 181.6
| May sun = 224.6
| Jun sun = 229.2
| Jul sun = 246.1
| Aug sun = 243.1
| Sep sun = 164.0
| Oct sun = 120.0
| Nov sun = 69.1
| Dec sun = 51.4
| year sun = 1788.
| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh1>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=349210670&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| title = Krosno Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordhigh2>
{{cite web
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| title = Krosno Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow1>
{{cite web
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| title = Krosno Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow2>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=249219993&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Krosno Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>
{{cite web
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| title = Krosno Średnia wilgotność
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Tourism==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=350
|image1 = Church of the Capucine Friars in Krosno (by Pudelek).JPG
|image2 = Krosno, kościół Świętej Trójcy (HB1).jpg
|image3 = Pałac Polanka.jpg
|image4 = 02014 Krosno Glasmuseum (The Glass Museum Krosno).JPG
|caption1 = Church of the Capucine Friars
|caption2 = Holy Trinity church and bell tower
|caption3 = Polanka Palace
|caption4 = Glass Heritage Centre}}
Due to a continuously rising number of travelers from Poland and abroad, the town authorities, in 2016, launched a website for tourists (available in English): [http://visitkrosno.pl/en visitkrosno]

Some of Krosno highlights are:
* The Old Town with the Town Square, the Portius Tower and multiple historic townhouses<ref name="visitkrosno.pl">{{cite web|url=http://visitkrosno.pl/en/miejsca/the_town_square|title=VisitKrosno - Miasto Szkła - Zaplanuj z nami swoją podróż do Krosna.|website=visitkrosno.pl|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202034325/http://visitkrosno.pl/en/miejsca/the_town_square|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Holy Trinity church<ref name="visitkrosno.pl"/>
* Franciscan church<ref name="visitkrosno.pl"/>
* Glass Heritage Centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visitkrosno.pl/en/miejsca/glass_heritage_centre|title=VisitKrosno - Miasto Szkła - Zaplanuj z nami swoją podróż do Krosna.|website=visitkrosno.pl|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020234949/http://visitkrosno.pl/en/miejsca/glass_heritage_centre|archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Subcarpathian Museum<ref>[http://www.muzeum.krosno.pl/en Subcarpathian Museum]</ref>
* The Museum of Crafts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.muzeumrzemiosla.pl/index.php|title=The Museum of Crafts in Krosno|first=Piotr|last=Paradysz|website=en.muzeumrzemiosla.pl|access-date=11 April 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In the nearest neighbourhood:
* the Kamieniec Castle in [[Odrzykoń]]
* [[Assumption of Holy Mary Church, Haczów]]
* health resort and spa [[Iwonicz-Zdrój]]
* Petroleum Industry Museum in [[Bóbrka, Krosno County]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bobrka.pl/en|title=Muzeum Przemysłu Naftowego i Gazowniczego im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza w Bóbrce|website=bobrka.pl|access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Maria Konopnicka]] Museum in [[Żarnowiec, Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Żarnowiec]]

== Education ==
[[File:Mikołaj Kopernik, Krosno.jpg|thumb|180px|Monument to [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] in front of the Nicolaus Copernicus High School]]
* [[Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa]] in Krosno
* [[Wyzsza Szkoła Informatyki i Zarzadzania]] in [[Rzeszów]], branch in Krosno
* [[I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Mikołaja Kopernika]] in Krosno, in 2000 best of the region,

== Politics ==
The Krosno constituency includes several other smaller cities.
<!--
=== Municipal politics ===

yet to be written 
-->

==Sport and Culture==
Several cultural and sporting events on local, national and international scale are held in the town. Culture is celebrated by the Krosno Days of Music, the theatrical Encounters, the Musical Spring, the Krosno Fairs, the Galicia Festival, reviews of children theatres, hiker's songs and poetry singing festivals, the "Kontakt" Euro-Regional Fair, the "Soli Deo Gloria" Euro-Regional Concerts of [[Christmas carol|Christmas Carols]]. Every two years Krosno hosts the National Biennial of Photography "Krosno - Town and People", International Biennial of Artistic Linen Tapestry "Z Krosna do Krosna", Biennial of Krosno [[Plastic arts|Plastic Arts]]. Fans of sports throng to international volleyball and basketball tournaments organized annually, the International Mountain Ballooning Contest, the National Tournament of [[Ballroom dance|Ballroom Dancing]] for the Podkarpacie Cup. The band [[Decapitated (band)|Decapitated]] hails from Krosno.
[[File:ZUZEL KSM KROSNO FOTO HEPNAR.jpg|thumb|Speedway riders of KSM Krosno]]

* [[Karpaty Krosno]] - a [[football team]].
* [[Wilki Krosno]] - [[Motorcycle speedway|speedway]] team
* [[UKS Krosno]] - [[cycle speedway]]

==Economy==
Krosno is located in an oil bearing region. Surface seepage of oil was locally used (unrefined) in lamps as early as the 16th century. In the 19th century [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] a local pharmacist began exploiting the deposits from hand-dug wells, years before the drilling at [[Titusville, Pennsylvania]] which is usually said to be the beginning of modern petroleum development.

One of the things that Krosno is well known for is the quality glassware and crystal that is produced in the town, and distributed throughout the world. The history of the company Krosno Glass S.A. (former ''Krosno Glassworks'') dates back to 1923. The company employs nearly 2,200 people and is the largest employer in the region.<ref>[https://www.gowork.pl/poradnik/25/kariera/praca-krosno-gdzie-szukac-pracy-w-krosnie/ Krosno - rynek pracy, GoWork.pl.]</ref> A long tradition in glass production and the influence of the glass industry on the local economy have made Krosno known as the "City of Glass".

==Notable people==
[[File:Dom Stanisława Bergmana w Krośnie.JPG|thumb|Former home of painter [[Stanisław Bergman]]]]
[[File:Krosno, kamienica - Rynek 8. A-8 z 24.09.1982.jpg|thumb|Former home of poet [[Franciszek Mirandola]]]]
{{div col}}
* [[Stanisław Bergman]] (1862–1930), Polish painter 
* [[Seweryn Bieszczad]] (1852–1923), Polish painter
* [[Kacper Bieszczad]] (born 2002), footballer
* [[Decapitated (band)|Decapitated]], Polish [[Death metal|Death Metal]] band established in 1996
* [[Władysław Gomułka]] (1905–1982), communist leader of Poland
* [[Fabius Gross]] (1906–1950), Austrian marine zoologist
* [[Magdalena Jurczyk]] (born 1995), volleyball player
* [[Antoni Kozubal]] (born 2004), footballer
* [[Andrzej Pikul]] (born 1954), Polish pianist
* [[Paweł Przytocki]] (born 1958), Polish conductor of classical music
* [[Kamil Radulj]] (born 1988), football player
* [[Jerzy Werner]] (1909–1977), Polish car designer
* [[Karolina Zmarlak]] (born 1982), Polish-American fashion designer
{{div col end}}

==International relations==

===Twin towns — Sister cities===
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
Krosno is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref name="Krosno">{{cite web|url=http://www.krosno.pl/?node=30|title=Krosno Official Website - Partner Cities|publisher=[[File:Flag of Poland.svg|border|8px]]{{fontcolor|Green|(in}} [[Polish language|{{fontcolor|Green|Polish}}]]) [[copyright|©]] 1998 - 2001 Urząd Miasta Krosna|access-date=2008-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913205613/http://www.krosno.pl/?node=30|archive-date=2007-09-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
{|class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Edewecht]], [[Germany]], since 1996<ref name="Krosno"/>
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Sátoraljaújhely]], [[Hungary]], since 2006<ref name="Krosno"/>
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Zalaegerszeg]], [[Hungary]], since 2000<ref name="Krosno"/>
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Uzhhorod]] in [[Ukraine]], since 2008<ref name="Krosno"/>
||
* {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Sárospatak]] in [[Hungary]], since 2007<ref name="Krosno"/>
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Uherské Hradiště]], [[Czech Republic]], since 2009
* {{flagicon|SVK}} [[Košice]], [[Slovakia]], since 2009<ref name="Košice twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html|title=Twin cities of the City of Kosice|access-date=2013-07-27|work=Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105130201/http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html|archive-date=2013-11-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:ORBIS_KROSNO_FOTO_HEPNAR.JPG|Orbis Travel agency
File:Krosno,_huta.jpg|Krosno Glassworks
File:Krosno,_lotnisko_Puchacz.jpg|Polish glider SZD-50-3 at the airport in Krosno
File:Krosno, budova soudu.jpg|District court
File:RYNEK KROSNO FOTO HEPNAR.JPG|Krosno Square at night
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Oświęcim Chapel]]

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Krosno}}
* https://www.visitkrosno.pl/en (English)
* http://www.krosno.pl/en/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425061605/http://www.krosno.pl/en/ |date=2013-04-25 }} (English, Polish, German)
* http://www.krosnocity.pl/ (Polish)
* http://www.krosno24.pl/ (Polish)

==References==

===Bibliography===
* ''Krosno – studia z dziejów miasta i regionu'', T. I, red. Garbarcik J., Kraków 1972
* ''Krosno – studia z dziejów miasta i regionu'', T. II, red. Garbarcik J., Kraków 1973
* ''Krosno – studia z dziejów miasta i regionu'', T. III, red. Cynarski St., Kraków 1995
* Orłowicz M.: ''Ilustrowany przewodnik po Galicyi, Bukowinie, Spiszu, Orawie i Śląsku Cieszyńskim''. Książnica Polska. Lwów 1919, Reprint: Ruthenus Rafał Barski. Krosno 2002
* Wojnar T., Kyc A.: ''Tradycja i współczesność. Monografia Krośnieńskich Hut Szkła "Krosno" SA 1923-1998'', KHS "Krosno" SA. Krosno 1998

===Notes===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Podkarpackie Voivodeship}}
{{Krosno County}}
{{Cities of Poland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Krosno| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:City counties of Poland]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]