View source for Kukrit Pramoj

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Thailand from 1975 to 1976}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[Mom Rajawongse]]
| name                = Kukrit Pramoj
| native_name         = {{nobold|คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช}}
| nationality         = [[Thailand|Thai]]
| image               = Kukrit Pramoj 1974 (cropped-1).jpg
| caption             = Kukrit in 1974
| order               = 13th [[Prime Minister of Thailand]]
| term_start          = 14 March 1975
| term_end            = 20 April 1976
| monarch             = [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]]
| predecessor         = [[Seni Pramoj]]
| successor           = [[Seni Pramoj]]
| office1             = [[Ministry of Interior (Thailand)|Minister of Interior]]
| predecessor1        = [[Seni Pramoj]]
| successor1          = [[Boonteng Thongsawat]]
| primeminister1      = himself
| term_start1         = 8 January 1976
| term_end1           = 20 April 1976
| order2              = 12th
| office2             = President of the National Assembly of Thailand
| term_start2         = 29 December 1973
| term_end2           = 7 October 1974
| predecessor2        = [[Siri Siriyothin]]
| successor2          = [[Praphas Ouchai]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=yes|1911|4|20}}
| birth_place         = [[Sing Buri province|Sing Buri]], Krung Kao, Siam (now [[In Buri district|In Buri]], Sing Buri, Thailand)
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=yes|1995|10|9|1911|4|20}}
| death_place         = [[Khlong Toei district|Khlong Toei]], [[Bangkok]], Thailand (now [[Watthana district|Watthana]], Bangkok, Thailand)
| death_cause         = [[Heart disease]] and [[high blood pressure]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/10/world/kukrit-pramoj-thai-ex-prime-minister-dies-at-84.html|title=Kukrit Pramoj, Thai Ex-Prime Minister, Dies at 84|newspaper=The New York Times|date=10 October 1995|last1=Crossette|first1=Barbara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-10-mn-55318-story.html|title=Archives|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=10 October 1995 }}</ref>
| party               = [[Social Action Party]]
| otherparty = [[Democrat Party (Thailand)|Democrat]] (1946–1948) 
| spouse              = M.L. Pakpring Thongyai <small>(Separated)</small>
| children            = 2
| rank                = [[Major General]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104205/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2531/D/175/2.PDF Office on granting military ranks and appointing special military officers]</ref>
| allegiance          = {{flag|Thailand}}
| branch              = {{Army|Thailand}}
| battles             = [[Pacific War]]
| commands            = Royal Thai Aide-De-Camp
| profession          = {{hlist|Scholar|writer|politician|army officer}}
| alma_mater          = [[The Queen's College, Oxford]]
| signature           = ลายเซ็น คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช ภาษาอังกฤษ.png
}}

'''[[Mom Rajawongse]] Kukrit Pramoj''' ({{langx|th|คึกฤทธิ์ ปราโมช}}, {{RTGS|''Khuek-rit Pramot''}}, {{IPA|th|kʰɯ́k.rít prāː.môːt|pron}}; 20 April 1911 – 9 October 1995) was a Thai [[politician]], author, scholar and [[professor]]. He was Speaker of the [[House of Representatives of Thailand]] between 1973 and 1974. He was the thirteenth [[Prime Minister of Thailand]], serving in office from 1975 to 1976 between his brother [[Seni Pramoj]]'s terms. Being the great-grandson of King [[Rama II of Siam|Rama II]], he was a member of the Thai royal family.
He also portrayed the Prime Minister of the fictional country of Sarkhan in the 1963 motion picture ''[[The Ugly American (film)|The Ugly American]]'' with [[Marlon Brando]].

==Biography==
He was born on 20 April 1911 in [[Sing Buri Province]] into a cadet branch of the [[Chakri Dynasty]] with Chinese ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tour-bangkok-legacies.com/home-of-m-r-kukrit.html|title=Home of M R Kukrit Pramoj – legacy of Thailand's famous son|website=Tour Bangkok Legacies}}</ref>  The son of Brigadier General Prince Khamrob and his wife Daeng ([[Bunnag]]), his older brother was M.R. [[Seni Pramoj]]<ref>[http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/2021_kukrit's_home/kukrits's_home.html An Impressive Day at M.R. Kukrit's Home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045532/http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/2021_kukrit's_home/kukrits's_home.html |date=27 September 2007 }}; [http://www.rootsweb.com/~thawgw/bibliography.html Thailand Bibliography]</ref> while his great-grandmother, Ampha, was of Chinese descent and was a consort of [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai|Rama II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Thailand's Turn: Profile of a New Dragon (Thailand's Turn) (Paperback)|author=Elliott Kulick, Dick Wilson|date=15 March 1994|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|pages=84|isbn=0-312-12188-1}}</ref> He served as a corporal during the [[Franco-Thai War]] in 1940. As was common for members of Thailand's upper classes at the time, he was educated abroad; he attended school in England at [[Trent College]], before reading [[Philosophy, politics and economics|philosophy, politics, and economics]] at [[The Queen's College, Oxford]].  

Upon returning to Thailand, he began his career in banking, but his true [[vocation]] was his mastery of many forms of arts, including politics and journalism. Put off by Hollywood's portrayal of [[Mongkut|King Mongkut]] in the 1946 [[Anna and the King of Siam (film)|film ''Anna and the King of Siam'']] (based on the semi-[[fiction]]al [[biographical novel]] of [[Anna and the King of Siam (novel)|the same name]]) Kukrit and his brother, [[Seni Pramoj]], wrote ''The King of Siam Speaks'' in 1948. They sent their manuscript to the American politician and diplomat Abbot Low Moffat<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/apap063.htm#history |title=Abbot Low Moffat Papers
 |author=Reference staff |date= 30 July 2010|work=Biographical Sketch |publisher= M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives
|access-date=20 February 2011}}</ref> who drew on it for his biography entitled ''Mongkut the King of Siam'' ({{ISBN|974-8298-12-4}}), and in 1961, donated the Pramoj manuscript to the Southeast Asian Collection, Asian Division, [[Library of Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/guide/guide-southeast.html |title=Asian Collections |date=15 November 2010 |work=SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ISLANDS |publisher=The Library of Congress, Asian Reading Room |access-date=8 February 2011 |quote=Seni and Kukrit Pramoj, The King of Siam Speaks. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023003638/http://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/guide/guide-southeast.html |archive-date=23 October 2012 }}</ref> He wrote for ''[[Siam Rath]]'', the newspaper that he founded.

As a means of showing how Thai society adjusted to life in modern society, in 1953 Kukrit began a series of stories on the life and times of fictional Mae Ploy ({{langx|th|แม่พลอย}}). who as a young girl enters the service of a princess of [[Rama V]]'s Royal Household, and dies the same day as [[Rama VIII]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2010/07/|title=July 2010|website=Cambridge Forecast Group Blog}}</ref> This story was to be one of many that were published in the Kukrit's [[Siam Rath]]. His satirical sense and unique sense of humour offered an incisive view of the times Kukrit chronicled.  As a scholar, he also wrote many non-fiction works ranging from history and religion to astrology. Most notable are his epics and many short stories portraying various aspects of life and documenting contemporary history. His ''Many Lives'' ({{lang|th|หลายชีวิต}}, ''Lai Chiwit'') was also translated into English. He was a leading authority on traditional Thai culture and had a [[polymath]]ic range of interests from Thailand's classical dance to literature. Most famous for his literary works, he was named a [[National Artist of Thailand]] for literature in 1985, the inaugural year for the honour. And he received The Special Commemorative Prize of [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize|The Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes]] in 1990, the inaugural year for the prizes again. His works encompass many subjects from humour to drama. He was also known as a staunch royalist and served the monarchy for his entire life. He is considered one of the great statesmen of [[Thailand]].  His former home is now a [[M.R. Kukrit's House|heritage museum]] which is preserved; paying homage to his life and Thai traditions.

He was married to M.R. [[Pakpring Thongyai]] with whom he had two children,  a son and daughter. He died on 9 October 1995.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/10/world/kukrit-pramoj-thai-ex-prime-minister-dies-at-84.html|title=Kukrit Pramoj, Thai Ex-Prime Minister, Dies at 84|first=Barbara|last=Crossette|date=October 10, 1995|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

== Achievements ==
[[File:State-Visit-to-the-Philippines-by-Prime-Minister-Kukrit-Pramoj.jpg|thumb|Philippine President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] (right) hosts a State Dinner at Malacañang Palace for Kukrit Pramoj (left), July 1975.]]
* He established the [[Social Action Party]].
* M.R. Kukrit founded the Progress Party in 1946 and was elected to the first post-World War II Parliament.<ref>pp. 18-19 "Kukrit the Man a Brief Account" by Steve Van Beek in M.R. Kukirt Pramoj: His Wit and Wideom, Compiled by Vilas Manivat, Edited by Steve Van Beek.  editions Duang Kamol 1983.</ref>
* Appeared on screen with [[Marlon Brando]] in the movie ''[[The Ugly American (film)|The Ugly American]]'' (1963), in which he played Prime Minister Kwen Sai and spoke both Thai and English.
* As Prime Minister, established diplomatic ties with China in 1975, and supervised the withdrawal of American forces from Thailand after the Vietnam War.
* Named National Artist in Literature 1985.
* Received the [[Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize]] in 1990.
* Founded the Khon Thammasat Troupe at [[Thammasat University]], [[Thai dance#Khon|Khon]] being the highest form of dance drama in Thai classical dramatic arts.

=== Acting career ===
When [[George Englund]] decided to use Thailand as the location for the fictional country portrayed in his film ''[[The Ugly American (film)|The Ugly American]]'', Kukrit was appointed as cultural advisor to make sure the film accurately portrayed monarchy in a Buddhist country.  Englund had difficulty casting the part of the fictional Prime Minister, but he was so impressed by Kukrit's cultural refinement and mastery of English that he offered him the part, saying, "I can't think of anyone who could play it better."  Kukrit accepted, saying, according to Englund, "We are all actors anyway, and I think you're right that I could play it better than anyone." Probably because of this, after he became a real-life Prime Minister of Thailand in 1975, the word "Sarkhan" has entered the Thai language as a nickname of Thailand itself, often with a slight self-deprecating or mocking tone.

== M.R. Kukrit Heritage Home ==
{{main|M.R. Kukrit's House}} 
The home that M.R. Kukrit built for himself in Bangkok has been registered by the Department of Fine Arts as 'Home of an Important Person'. It is open to the public on Saturdays, Sundays and official Thai holidays. Standing in {{convert|2|acre|m2}} of land, surrounded by landscaped gardens, the house is a similar concept to the [[Jim Thompson House]] in Bangkok. Five small traditional Thai houses were dismantled and reassembled at the present site to make one house. The house is filled with artefacts and books collected by the owner. Additions to the original house include air conditioning, a modern bathroom, and a lift was installed when the owner became too frail to climb up and down stairs. The M.R. Kukrit Heritage Home is situated at 19 Soi Phra Pinit, [[Sathon Road|South Sathorn Road]], [[Sathon]] District, Bangkok 10120.

==Literary works==

===Literary career===
Kukrit Pramoj is perhaps best known in Thailand for his literary production, particularly his novel ''[[Four Reigns]]'', which was published as a serial in his newspaper ''Siam Rat'' in 1950. ''Four Reigns'' tells the story of "Mae Ploi," a young girl who grew up in the court of [[King Chulalongkorn]] (Rama V) where she was an attendant to one of the princesses.  Kukrit extends her story after her marriage during the reign of [[Rama VI]], and in the process tells the story of mid-twentieth century Thailand through Mae Ploi's eyes.  The story includes the reigns of four Kings of the [[Chakri Dynasty|Chakri dynasty]] (thus the title "Four Reigns"), and the 1932 Revolution against the absolute monarchy.<ref>see "The Transformation of Values as Seen Through "Si Phaen Din" by Dr. Mattani Mojdara Rutnin, republished in ''Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom'' (1983).</ref>  ''Four Reigns'' was translated into English by Tulachandra. The Thai version of ''Four Reigns'' continues to be well known to Thais in the twenty-first century because it has been used in Thai schools, and has been produced as a well-known films.

Only two other of Kukrit's many novels, ''Many Lives'', and ''Red Bamboo'' are translated into English. In addition, there is a compilation of a few of Kukrit's English language writings and interviews, ''M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom'', compiled by Vilas Manivat, and edited by Steve Van Beek. However, Kukrit's writings in the Thai language are voluminous, and include both fiction and non-fiction. Much of Kukrit's writing was first published as either columns or serials in the ''Siam Rat''. A number of the books serialized and later turned into books including ''Four Reigns''.<ref>Van Beek (1983), pp. 20-21.</ref>  A wide range of subjects were addressed in these books, including contemporary politics, Kukrit's love of dogs, Thai history, Southeast Asian history, elephants, a history of the Jews, and many other subjects.<ref>Van Beek, Steve (1983).  "Kukrit the man: A Brief Account," pp. 11-26, in ''Kukrit Pramoj: His Wit and Wisdom'' by Kukrit Pramoj.  Bangkok: Editions Duang Kamol.</ref> A review of his book comparing feudalism in Thailand called [[sakdina]] and Britain was recently published in English. Kukrit's essay is called "Farang Sakdina." The article describes Kukrit's views about good governance, monarchy, and democracy in Thailand and Britain.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Waters |first1=Tony |title=M. R. Kukrit Pramoj's theory of good governance and political change: the dialectics of Farang Sakdina |journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications |date=5 May 2022 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1057/s41599-022-01158-9 |s2cid=248547017 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

===Novels===
* ''Sam Kok Chabap Nai Thun'' (สามก๊กฉบับนายทุน; 1951) {{ISBN|974-9906-16-0}}
* ''Phai Daeng'' (ไผ่แดง; 1954) {{ISBN|974-9906-18-7}}
** Based on [[Giovannino Guareschi]]'s 1950 novel ''[[Don Camillo|The Little World of Don Camillo]]''. Translated into English as ''Red Bamboo'' in 1961
* ''Su Si Thai Hao'' (ซูสีไทเฮา; 1957) {{ISBN|974-9906-15-2}}
* ''Jew'' (ยิว; 1967) {{ISBN|974-9906-22-5}}
* ''[[Four Reigns]]'' (สี่แผ่นดิน) {{ISBN|974-9906-20-9}}
** Translated into English as ''[[Four Reigns]]'' in 1981 by Tulachandra; {{ISBN|974-7100-66-5}}
* ''Kawao Thi Bang Phleng'' (กาเหว่าที่บางเพลง; 1989) {{ISBN|974-9906-19-5}}
** Based on [[John Wyndham]]'s 1957 [[science fiction]] novel ''[[The Midwich Cuckoos]]''. Adapted into [[Blackbirds at Bangpleng|a film of the same name]] in 1994.
* ''Lai Chiwit'' (หลายชีวิต) {{ISBN|974-690-119-2}}
** Translated in English as ''Many Lives'' in 1996; {{ISBN|974-7100-67-3}}
* ''[[Khun Chang Khun Phaen]]'' (ขุนช้างขุนแผน; 1989) {{ISBN|974-690-166-4}}

===Plays===
* ''Rashomon'' (ราโชมอน) {{ISBN|974-9906-33-0}}
** Based on [[Akira Kurosawa]]'s 1950 crime mystery [[Rashomon (film)|film of the same name]].

===Collected short stories and essays===
* ''Phuean Non'' (เพื่อนนอน; short stories, 1952) {{ISBN|974-9906-31-4}}
** "[[Mom (short story)|Mom]]" (มอม, published individually in 2011) {{ISBN|9789746908023}}
* ''Sapphehera Khadi'' (สัพเพเหระคดี) {{ISBN|974-92321-6-X}}

===Non-fiction===
* ''Phama Sia Mueang'' (พม่าเสียเมือง; 1967) {{ISBN|974-9906-27-6}}, {{ISBN|974-690-030-7}}
* ''Huang Mahannop'' (ห้วงมหรรณพ; 1959) {{ISBN|974-690-060-9}}
* ''Chak Yipun'' (ฉากญี่ปุ่น; 1962) {{ISBN|974-9906-28-4}}
* ''Mueang Maya'' (เมืองมายา; 1965) {{ISBN|974-690-352-7}}
* ''Khon Rak Ma'' (คนรักหมา; 1967) {{ISBN|974-690-102-8}}
* ''Wai Run'' (วัยรุ่น; 1980) {{ISBN|974-9906-32-2}}
* ''Thammakhadi'' (ธรรมคดี; 1983) {{ISBN|974-9906-30-6}}
* ''Khrong Kraduk Nai Tu'' (โครงกระดูกในตู้) {{ISBN|974-690-131-1}}
* ''Chao Lok'' (เจ้าโลก) {{ISBN|974-9906-26-8}}
* ''Kritsadaphinihan An Bot Bang Mi Dai'' (กฤษฎาภินิหารอันบดบังมิได้) {{ISBN|974-690-189-3}}, {{ISBN|974-9906-35-7}}
* ''Chang Nai Chiwit Khong Phom'' (ช้างในชีวิตของผม) {{ISBN|974-690-514-7}}
* ''Phra Phutthasatsana Kap Khuekrit'' (พระพุทธศาสนากับคึกฤทธิ์) {{ISBN|974-93364-1-0}}
* ''Kho Khit Rueang Koet Kae Chep Tai'' (ข้อคิดเรื่อง เกิด แก่ เจ็บ ตาย) {{ISBN|974-690-382-9}}
* ''Songkhram Phio'' (สงครามผิว) {{ISBN|974-9906-25-X}}
* ''Thok Khamen'' (ถกเขมร) {{ISBN|974-690-105-2}}
* ''Banthoeng Roeng Rom'' (บันเทิงเริงรมย์) {{ISBN|974-9906-29-2}}
* ''Rueang Kham Khan'' (เรื่องขำขัน) {{ISBN|974-690-507-4}}
* ''Kep Lek Phasom Noi'' (เก็บเล็กผสมน้อย) {{ISBN|974-690-489-2}}
* ''Klai Rok'' (ไกลโรค) {{ISBN|974-690-479-5}}
* ''Khon Khong Lok'' (คนของโลก) {{ISBN|974-9906-24-1}}
* ''Chom Suan'' (ชมสวน) {{ISBN|974-9906-34-9}}
* ''Talat Nat'' (ตลาดนัด) {{ISBN|974-690-482-5}}
* ''Tham Haeng Ariya'' (ธรรมแห่งอริยะ) {{ISBN|974-690-473-6}}
* ''Nam Phrik'' (น้ำพริก) {{ISBN|974-690-483-3}}
* ''Beng Hek Phu Thuk Kluen Thang Pen'' (เบ้งเฮ็ก ผู้ถูกกลืนทั้งเป็น; 2001 [Revised]) {{ISBN|974-9906-17-9}}
* ''Arokhaya'' (อโรคยา) {{ISBN|974-690-335-7}}
* ''Sappha Sat'' (สรรพสัตว์) {{ISBN|974-690-444-2}}
* ''Khon Khong Lok'' (คนของโลก; 1967) {{ISBN|974-9906-24-1}}
* ''Farang Sakdina'' (1957-1958)
*  ''M. R. Kukrit Pramoj, His Wit and Wisdom (Writings, Speeches, Interviews)'' 1983.  Compiled by Vilas Manivat, Edited by Steve Van Beek.  Editions Duang Kamol.  {{OCLC|10485390}}
* ''The King of Siam Speaks'', by [[Seni Pramoj]] and Kukrit Pramoj {{ISBN|974-8298-12-4}}
:Most Thai were shocked by the portrayal of their revered nineteenth-century king, [[Mongkut]], in the musical [[The King and I]]. The stage and screen versions were based on Margaret Landon's 1944 book entitled [[Anna and the King of Siam (book)|Anna and the King of Siam]]. To correct the record, well-known Thai intellectuals [[Seni Pramoj|Seni]] and Kukrit Pramoj wrote this account in 1948. The Pramoj brothers sent their manuscript to the American politician and diplomat [http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/apap063.htm#history Abbot Low Moffat (1901-1996)], who drew on it for his biography entitled ''Mongkut the King of Siam'' (1961) {{ISBN|974-8298-12-4}}. Moffat donated the Pramoj manuscript to the United States Library of Congress in 1961. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121023003638/http://www.loc.gov/rr/asian/guide/guide-southeast.html (Southeast Asian Collection, Asian Division, Library of Congress)]

===Translations===
* ''[[Jonathan Livingston Seagull]]'' by [[Richard Bach]], translated as ''Jonathan Livingston Nang Nuan'' (จอนะธัน ลิวิงสตัน นางนวล; 1973)

==Honours==

===National honours===
*{{flag|Thailand}} :
** [[File:Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70px]] Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious [[Order of Chula Chom Klao]]
** [[File:Order of the White Elephant - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70px]] Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Exalted [[Order of the White Elephant]]
** [[File:Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70px]] Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble [[Order of the Crown of Thailand]]
** [[File:Victory Medal - World War II (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Victory Medal - [[Pacific War]]
** [[File:Freeman Safeguarding Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Freeman Safeguarding Medal, 1st Class
** [[File:Dushdi Mala - Civilian (Thailand).svg|70px]] [[Dushdi Mala Medal]] Pin of Arts and Science (Civilian)
** [[File:The Boy Scout Citation Medal - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Boy Scout Citation Medal of Vajira, First Class
** [[File:King Rama IX Rajaruchi Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|King Rama IX]] Rajaruchi Medal, Gold Medal
** [[File:King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70px]] King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal, First Class
** [[File:King Rama IX Coronation Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] King Rama IX Coronation Medal
** [[File:25th Buddhist Century Celebration Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg|70x70px]] 25th Buddhist Century Celebration Medal
** [[File:Ribbon bar of Red Cross Medal of Merit (Thailand).svg|70x70px]] Red Cross Medal of Merit

===Foreign honours===
*{{Flag|Denmark}} :
**[[File:DNK Order of Danebrog Grand Cross BAR.png|70x70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Dannebrog]]
*{{flag|Francoist Spain}} :
**[[File:ESP Order of Civil Merit GC.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Civil Merit]]<ref>[http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1960/11/14/pdfs/A15729-15729.pdf Otras Disposiciones] [[Boletín Oficial del Estado|BOE]] 6-11-14, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on January 15, 2015)</ref>
*{{Flag|Netherlands}} :
**[[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Knight Grand Cross.svg|70x70px]] Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
*{{flag|Philippines|1936}} :
**[[File:PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Collar BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Collar of the [[Order of Sikatuna]]
*{{Flag|Indonesia}} :
**[[File:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipradana.png|70px]] [[Star of the Republic of Indonesia]], 2nd class
*{{flag|Mexico}} :
**[[File:MEX Order of the Aztec Eagle 1Class BAR.png|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Aztec Eagle]]
*{{flag|Portugal}} :
**[[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR.svg|70px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Henry]]
*{{Flag|Belgium}} :
**[[File:BEL Kroonorde Grootofficier BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]
*{{Flag|France}} :
**[[File:Ordre de l'Etoile Noire GO ribbon.svg|70x70px]] Grand Officer of the [[Order of the Black Star]]
*{{Flag|Luxembourg}} :
**[[File:LUX Ordre de Mérite civil et militaire d'Adolphe de Nassau - Grand Officier BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Officer of the [[Order of Adolphe of Nassau]]
*{{Flag|Italy}} :
**[[File:Grande ufficiale OMRI BAR.svg|70x70px]] Grand Officer of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
*{{flag|Malaysia}}:
**[[File:MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg|70px]] Honorary Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Defender of the Realm]]
*{{Flag|Norway}} :
**[[File:St Olavs Orden kommandør med stjerne stripe.svg|70x70px]] Commander with Star of the [[Order of St. Olav]]
*{{Flag|Sweden}} :
**[[File:SWE Royal Order of the Polar Star (1748-1975) - Grand Officer BAR.png|70x70px]] Commander 1st Class of the [[Order of the Polar Star]]

===Academic rank===
* [[Professor]] of [[Thammasat University]]

===Other awards===
* {{flag|Japan}}: Recipient of the [[Fukuoka Prize]], 1990

==See also==
* [[Seni Pramoj]]
* [[Four Reigns]]

==References==

<references />

==External links==
* [http://216.109.125.130/search/cache?p=%22thai%2Fchinese%22+descent+who+is+of&ei=UTF-8&fl=0&fp_ip=SG&meta=0&fr=yfp-t-501&u=www.asiafinest.com/forum/index.php%3Fshowtopic%3D25655&w=%22thai+chinese%22+descent&d=JMUZhvmdOhLY&icp=1&.intl=us Chinese Ink In SE Asia, Interesting facts about Chinese in SEA]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.tour-bangkok-legacies.com/home-of-m-r-kukrit.html The Home of M R Kukrit Pramoj - a legacy of Thailand's famous son]
* [http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=bangkok@21&cur_section=sig&property_id=419561 Sights & Activities]

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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Thailand]]|before=[[Seni Pramoj]]|after=[[Seni Pramoj]]|years=1975–1976}}
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{{Prime Ministers of Thailand}}
{{History of Thailand since 1973}}

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{{Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pramoj, Kukrit}}
[[Category:Prime ministers of Thailand|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:National Artists (Thailand)|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th House of Representatives of Thailand|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Presidents of the National Assembly of Thailand|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Representatives (Thailand)|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Ministers of interior of Thailand|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Social Action Party politicians|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Thai political party founders|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Leaders of political parties in Thailand|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Thai columnists|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Mom Rajawongse|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Pramoj family|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:People from Sing Buri province|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Thai politicians of Chinese descent|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:People educated at Trent College]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Fukuoka Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Dushdi Mala Medal, Pin of Arts and Science|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Thai Army generals|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Thammasat University|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:20th-century Thai historians|Kukrit Pramoj]]
[[Category:Royal aides-de-camp special (Thailand)|Kukrit Pramoj]]