View source for LINPACK

{{Short description|Mathematical software}}
{{for|the measure of a system's floating point computing power|LINPACK benchmarks}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=de|otherarticle=|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox software
| name                   = Linpack
| title                  = LINPACK
| logo                   = <!-- [[File: ]] -->
| screenshot             = <!-- [[File: ]] -->
| caption                = 
| collapsible            = 
| author                 = [[Jack Dongarra]], Jim Bunch, [[Cleve Moler]], and Gilbert Stewart
| developer              = 
| released               = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| discontinued           = 
| latest release version = 
| latest release date    = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| latest preview version = 
| latest preview date    = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=yes/no}} -->
| programming language   = [[Fortran]]
| operating system       = 
| platform               = 
| size                   = 
| language               = 
| genre                  = [[Library (computer science)|Library]]
| license                = 
| website                = {{URL|https://netlib.org/linpack/}}
}}
'''LINPACK''' is a software [[library (computer science)|library]] for performing numerical [[linear algebra]] on [[digital computers]].<ref>
{{cite book 
 |last1=Dongarra |first1=Jack J. |author-link1=Jack Dongarra 
 |last2=Moler |first2=Cleve B. |author-link2=Cleve Moler 
 |last3=Bunch |first3=James R. |author-link3= 
 |last4=Stewart |first4=Gilbert W |author-link4= 
 |date= 1979
 |title= LINPACK Users' Guide
 |url= 
 |location= 
 |publisher= SIAM
 |isbn= 9780898711721}}
</ref>
It was written in [[Fortran]] by [[Jack Dongarra]], Jim Bunch, [[Cleve Moler]], and Gilbert Stewart, and was intended for use on [[supercomputer]]s in the 1970s and early 1980s.<ref>
{{cite news
|title=Sidebar: The Linpack Benchmark
|first=Jan
|last=Matlis
|date=2005-05-30
|newspaper=ComputerWorld
|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2556400/sidebar--the-linpack-benchmark.html
}}</ref><ref>
{{ cite news
|newspaper=New York Times
|title=Technology; Measuring How Fast Computers Really Are
|first=John
|last=Markoff
|date=1991-09-22
|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20616FF39550C718EDDA00894D9494D81
}}</ref>  It has been largely superseded by [[LAPACK]], which runs more efficiently on modern architectures.

LINPACK makes use of the [[Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms|BLAS]] (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) libraries for performing basic vector and matrix operations.

The [[LINPACK benchmarks]] appeared initially as part of the LINPACK user's manual. The parallel LINPACK benchmark implementation called [[HPL (benchmark)|HPL]] (High Performance Linpack) is used to benchmark and rank supercomputers for the [[TOP500]] list.

==World's most powerful computer by year==
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{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:right"
|- style="vertical-align:middle"
! rowspan=2 | Year(s)
! rowspan=2 | Benchmark
! rowspan=2 | Computer
! colspan=5 | Design
! colspan=3 | Casing
! colspan=7 | System
! rowspan=2 | Successor
|-
! Manufacturer || Designer || Release date || Units sold || Price
! Dimensions || Weight || Power
! Front-end	|| Operating system || CPU || Memory || Storage || MIPS || FLOPS

|-
!style=text-align:center|1951-1954
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|style=text-align:center|[[Whirlwind I|MIT Whirlwind I]]
|style=text-align:center|MIT
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|style=text-align:center|1954
|style=text-align:center|1
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1955-1957
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|style=text-align:center|[[IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator|IBM NORC]]
|style=text-align:center|IBM
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|style=text-align:center|1954
|style=text-align:center|1
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1958-1959
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|style=text-align:center|[[AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central|AN/FSQ-7]]
|style=text-align:center|IBM
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|style=text-align:center|1955
|style=text-align:center|24
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|style=text-align:center|250 tons
|style=text-align:center|up to 3 megawatts
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|style=text-align:center|49,000 vacuum tubes @ 75,000 instructions per second
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1960
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|style=text-align:center|[[IBM 7090]]
|style=text-align:center|IBM
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1960–1961
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|style=text-align:center|[[UNIVAC LARC]]
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1961–1963
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|style=text-align:center|[[IBM 7030 Stretch]]
|style=text-align:center|IBM
|style=text-align:center|[[Gene Amdahl]]
|style=text-align:center|May 1961
|style=text-align:center|9
|style=text-align:center|US$7,780,000 (equivalent to $70,550,000 in 2021)
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|style=text-align:center|70,000 pounds (35 short tons; 32 t)
|style=text-align:center|100 kW @ 110 V
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|style=text-align:center|MCP
|style=text-align:center|64-bit processor
|style=text-align:center|2048 kilobytes (262,144 x 64 bits)
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|style=text-align:center|1.2 MIPS
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|style=text-align:center|[[CDC 7600]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1964–1968
|style=text-align:center|3 megaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[CDC 6600]]
|style=text-align:center|[[Control Data Corporation]]
|style=text-align:center|[[Seymour Cray]]
|style=text-align:center|September 1964
|style=text-align:center|100+
|style=text-align:center|US$2,370,000 (equivalent to $20,710,000 in 2021)
|style=text-align:center|Height : 2,000 mm (79 in)<br>Cabinet width: 810 mm (32 in)<br>Cabinet length : 1,710 mm (67 in)<br>Width overall : 4,190 mm (165 in)
|style=text-align:center|about 12,000 lb (6.0 short tons; 5.4 t)
|style=text-align:center|30 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz
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|style=text-align:center|SCOPE, KRONOS
|style=text-align:center|60-bit processor @ 10 MHz
|style=text-align:center|Up to 982 kilobytes (131000 x 60 bits)
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|style=text-align:center|2 MIPS
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|style=text-align:center|[[CDC 7600]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1969–1975
|style=text-align:center|10 megaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[CDC 7600]]
|style=text-align:center|Control Data Corporation
|style=text-align:center|Seymour Cray
|style=text-align:center|June 1967
|style=text-align:center|75+
|style=text-align:center|US$62 - $155 thousands (monthly rent in 1968)
|style=text-align:center|Height : 188 cm (74 in)<br>Width: 302 cm (119 in)
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|style=text-align:center|95 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz
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|style=text-align:center|Chippewa, SCOPE, KRONOS
|style=text-align:center|60-bit processor @ 36 MHz
|style=text-align:center|3.84 Megabytes (up to 512000 60-bit words)
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|style=text-align:center|15 MIPS
|style=text-align:center|36 MFLOPS
|style=text-align:center|[[CDC Cyber]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1976-1982
|style=text-align:center|136 megaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray-1]]
|style=text-align:center|Cray Research
|style=text-align:center|Seymour Cray
|style=text-align:center|1975
|style=text-align:center|100+
|style=text-align:center|US$7.9 million in 1977 (equivalent to $35.3 million in 2021)
|style=text-align:center|Height: 196 cm (77 in)<br>Dia. (base): 263 cm (104 in)<br>Dia. (columns): 145 cm (57 in)
|style=text-align:center|5.5 tons (Cray-1A)
|style=text-align:center|115 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz
|style=text-align:center|Data General Eclipse
|style=text-align:center|COS, UNICOS
|style=text-align:center|64-bit processor @ 80 MHz
|style=text-align:center|8.39 Megabytes (up to 1 048 576 words)
|style=text-align:center|303 Megabytes (DD19 Unit)
| {{sdash}}
|style=text-align:center|160 MFLOPS
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray X-MP]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1983–1985
|style=text-align:center|713 megaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray X-MP]]/4
|style=text-align:center|Cray Research
|style=text-align:center|[[Steve Chen (computer engineer)|Steve Chen]]
|style=text-align:center|1982
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|style=text-align:center|US$15 million
|style=text-align:center|2.62 m (8.6 ft) x 1.96 m (6.4 ft)
|style=text-align:center|5.12 t (11,300 lb)
|style=text-align:center|345 kW
|style=text-align:center|Most minicomputers of the time
|style=text-align:center|COS, UNICOS
|style=text-align:center|4x Vector processor 64 bits @ 105 - 117 MHz
|style=text-align:center|128 megabytes
|style=text-align:center|38.4 gigabytes (32 disks)
|style=text-align:center|400 MIPS (4 CPU)
|style=text-align:center|800 MFLOPS (4 CPU)
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray-2]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1985–1987
|style=text-align:center|1.95 gigaflops (peak)
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray-2]]
|style=text-align:center|Cray Research
| {{sdash}}
|style=text-align:center|1985
|style=text-align:center|25
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|style=text-align:center|Custom Vector Processors
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|style=text-align:center|[[Cray Y-MP]]

|-
!style=text-align:center|1988–1989
|style=text-align:center|2.144 gigaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[Cray Y-MP]]/832
|style=text-align:center|Cray Research
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1990–1991
|style=text-align:center|4.0 gigaflops (measured)
|style=text-align:center|[[Fujitsu VP2000]]
|style=text-align:center|[[Fujitsu]]
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|-
!style=text-align:center|1992
|style=text-align:center|20.0 gigaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[NEC SX]]-3/44
|style=text-align:center|[[NEC]]
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|-
!style=text-align:center|June 1993
|style=text-align:center|59.7 gigaflops
|style=text-align:center|[[Connection Machine|Thinking Machines CM-5/1024]]
|style=text-align:center|[[Thinking Machines Corporation]] (TMC)
|style=text-align:center|[[Danny Hillis]]
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==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Numerical linear algebra}}
{{Benchmark}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Linpack}}
[[Category:Benchmarks (computing)]]
[[Category:Fortran libraries]]
[[Category:Numerical linear algebra]]
[[Category:Numerical software]]


{{compu-eng-stub}}