View source for LPD433

{{Short description|European radio band for license-free devices}}
'''LPD433''' (low power device 433&nbsp;MHz) is a [[ultra high frequency|UHF]] band in which license free communication devices are allowed to operate in some regions. The frequencies correspond with the [[International Telecommunication Union region|ITU region 1]] [[ISM band]] of 433.050&nbsp;[[megahertz|MHz]] to 434.790&nbsp;MHz. The frequencies used are within the [[70-centimeter band]], which is currently otherwise reserved for government and [[amateur radio]] operations in the United States and most nations worldwide.

LPD hand-held radios are authorized for licence-free voice communications use in most of Europe using analog [[frequency modulation]] (FM) as part of [[short range device]] regulations,<ref name=rec_70-03>[[European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations|CEPT/ERC]] [http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/rec7003e.pdf  REC 70-03] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805013647/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/REC7003E.PDF |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/REC7003E.PDF |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |date=2013-08-05 }} (22 August 2011)</ref> with 25 [[kilohertz|kHz]] channel spacing, for a total of 69 channels. In some countries, LPD devices may only be used with an integral and non-removable [[antenna (radio)|antenna]] with a maximum legal power output of 10 [[milliwatt|mW]].

Voice communication in the LPD band was introduced to reduce the burden on the eight (now sixteen)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC1505.PDF|title=ECC Decision (15) 05|publisher=CEPT Electronic Communications Committee|access-date=2017-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819055247/http://www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCDEC1505.PDF|archive-date=2017-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[PMR446]] channels over shorter ranges (less than 1&nbsp;km).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Motorola T250 Talkabout Walkie-Talkies|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-consumer-electronics-hall-of-fame-motorola-t250-talkabout-walkietalkies|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref>

LPD is also used in vehicle key-less entry device, garage or gate openers and some outdoor home weather station products.

==Usage by country==

===ITU Region 1 (Europe)===

====United Kingdom====

In the UK, LPD433 equipment that meets the respective [[Ofcom]] Interface Requirement can be used for model control, analogue/digitised voice and [[Remote keyless system|remote keyless entry systems]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/84970/ir-2030-july-2017.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/84970/ir-2030-july-2017.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live
|title=IR 2030 - UK Interface Requirements 2030 - Licence Exempt Short Range Devices |publisher=Ofcom |date=July 2017 |access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref> There is significant scope for interference however, both on frequency and on adjacent frequencies, as the band is far from free. The frequencies from 430 to 440&nbsp;MHz are allocated on a secondary basis to licensed radio amateurs who are allowed to use up to 40&nbsp;W (16&nbsp;dBW) between 430 and 432&nbsp;MHz and 400&nbsp;W (26&nbsp;dBW) between 432 and 440&nbsp;MHz. Channels 1 to 14 are UK amateur repeater outputs and channels 62 to 69 are UK amateur repeater inputs. This band is shared on a secondary basis for both licensed and licence exempt users, with the primary user being the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-information/UKFAT_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-information/UKFAT_2013.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=United Kingdom Frequency Allocation Table 2013 |publisher=Ofcom |access-date=2014-01-07}}</ref>

Ofcom, together with the  [[Radio Society of Great Britain|RSGB]] Emerging Technology Co-ordination Committee have produced guidelines to help mitigate the side effects of interference to an extent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/86172/Interference-between-Short-Range-Devices-and-Amateur-Repeaters.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/86172/Interference-between-Short-Range-Devices-and-Amateur-Repeaters.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Interference between Short Range Devices and Amateur Repeaters|publisher=Ofcom |access-date=2014-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukrepeater.net/documents/srd.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ukrepeater.net/documents/srd.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Paper on SRD Mitigation Techniques |publisher=R.S.G.B. Emerging Technology Co-ordination Committee|access-date=2014-01-07}}</ref>

====Switzerland====

Switzerland permits the use of all 69 LPD433 channels with a maximum power output of 10&nbsp;mW.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ofcomnet.ch/api/rir/1008/19|title=Technical interfaces regulations|publisher=OFCOM (Swiss Federal Office of Communications)|access-date=2020-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ezv.admin.ch/dam/ezv/en/dokumente/archiv/2013/01/merkblatt_funk_inderschweiz.pdf.download.pdf/leaflet_radiocommunicationsinswitzerland.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ezv.admin.ch/dam/ezv/en/dokumente/archiv/2013/01/merkblatt_funk_inderschweiz.pdf.download.pdf/leaflet_radiocommunicationsinswitzerland.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Radiocommunications in Switzerland|publisher=Bundesamt für Kommunikation|access-date=2020-10-03}}</ref>

====Spain====

According to a recently published (June 2021) resolution of the Spanish government,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2021-9913|title=Resolución de 12 de marzo de 2021, de la Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones e Infraestructuras Digitales, por la que se publican los requisitos técnicos actualizados de las interfaces radioeléctricas reglamentadas IR-264, IR-265 e IR-266 relativas a equipos de radio para dispositivos de corto alcance (SRD) no específicos, en la banda de frecuencias ICM de 433 MHz|publisher=Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Digital Infrastructure of the Government of Spain|access-date=2022-10-16}}</ref> where it defines 'interface IR-266', non-specific mobile short-range devices may be used without authorization for voice applications with 'advanced mitigation techniques' (such as listening before talking<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docdb.cept.org/download/3338|title=ERC recommendation relating to the use of short range devices (SRD), Annex 1, Note 11|publisher=CEPT|access-date=2022-10-17}}</ref>) from 434.040 to 434.790 MHz, with channels narrower than 25 kHz and with a maximum 'apparent radiated power' of 10 mW. This would make the use of LPD433 channels 40 to 69 possible in Spain.

====Other European countries====

European [[Remote keyless system|remote keyless entry systems]] often use the 433&nbsp;MHz band, although, as in all of Europe, these frequencies are within the [[70-centimeter band]] allocated to [[amateur radio]], and interference results. In Germany, before the end of 2008,<ref>[http://www.rc-network.de/magazin/artikel_05/art_05-027/laender/GER.pdf RC-Network.de Fernsteuerfrequenzen für den Modellbau - Deutschland  (Frequency bands for RC modeling - Germany) - "Am 31.12.2008 endet die Betriebserlaubnis für Fernsteuerungen im Frequenzbereich 433 MHz!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323031142/http://rc-network.de/magazin/artikel_05/art_05-027/laender/GER.pdf |date=2016-03-23 }} (As of 12/31/2008, RC use of the 433 MHz bands ends in Germany!)</ref> radio control enthusiasts were able to use frequencies from channel 03 through 67 <!--on the above chart--> for radio control of any form of model (air or ground-based), all with odd channel numbers (03, 05, etc. up to ch. 67)<!-- as read on the chart-->,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukrcc.org/germany.html |title=United Kingdom Radio Control Council: International Frequencies - Germany |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=UKRCC |publisher=UKRCC |access-date=July 13, 2013 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034515/http://www.ukrcc.org/germany.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> with each sanctioned frequency having 50&nbsp;kHz of bandwidth separation between each adjacent channel.

===ITU Region 2 (America)===

In [[International Telecommunication Union region|ITU region 2]] (the Americas), the frequencies that LPD433 uses are also within the [[70-centimeter band]] allocated to [[amateur radio]]. In the United States LPD433 radios can only be used under [[Title 47 CFR Part 97|FCC amateur regulations]] by [[Amateur radio licensing in the United States|properly licensed amateur radio operators]].

===ITU Region 3===

====Malaysia====

In Malaysia, this band is also within the 70-centimeter band (430.000 – 440.000 MHz) allocated to amateur radio. Class B amateur radio holders are permitted to transmit up to 50 watts [[Peak envelope power|PEP]] power level.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Guideline-for-Amateur-Radio-Service-in-Malaysia-2nd-Edition_1.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Guideline-for-Amateur-Radio-Service-in-Malaysia-2nd-Edition_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Guidelines for Amateur Radio Services in Malaysia 2nd Edition|access-date=11 Feb 2018}}</ref> There is no licence requirement for LPD as long as it complies with requirement regulated by Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC). As regulated by MCMC in Technical Code for Short Range Devices,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/MCMC-MTSFB-TC-T007_2014.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/MCMC-MTSFB-TC-T007_2014.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=MCMC MTSFB TC T007:2014 - Specification for Short Range Devices|access-date=11 Feb 2018}}</ref> remote control and security device are allowed up to 50 mW [[Effective radiated power|ERP]] and up to 100 mW ERP for Short Range Communication (SRC) devices. [[Rfid|RFID]] are allowed up to 100 mW [[Effective isotropic radiated power|EIRP]].

==Channels==
{| class="wikitable"
! Channel
! Frequency (MHz)
! Channel
! Frequency (MHz)
! Channel
! Frequency (MHz)
|- align="center"
! 1
| 433.075
! 24
| 433.650
! 47
| 434.225
|- align="center"
! 2
| 433.100
! 25
| 433.675
! 48
| 434.250
|- align="center"
! 3
| 433.125
! 26
| 433.700
! 49
| 434.275
|- align="center"
! 4
| 433.150
! 27
| 433.725
! 50
| 434.300
|- align="center"
! 5
| 433.175
! 28
| 433.750
! 51
| 434.325
|- align="center"
! 6
| 433.200
! 29
| 433.775
! 52
| 434.350
|- align="center"
! 7
| 433.225
! 30
| 433.800
! 53
| 434.375
|- align="center"
! 8
| 433.250
! 31
| 433.825
! 54
| 434.400
|- align="center"
! 9
| 433.275
! 32
| 433.850
! 55
| 434.425
|- align="center"
! 10
| 433.300
! 33
| 433.875
! 56
| 434.450
|- align="center"
! 11
| 433.325
! 34
| 433.900
! 57
| 434.475
|- align="center"
! 12
| 433.350
! 35
| 433.925
! 58
| 434.500
|- align="center"
! 13
| 433.375
! 36
| 433.950
! 59
| 434.525
|- align="center"
! 14
| 433.400
! 37
| 433.975
! 60
| 434.550
|- align="center"
! 15
| 433.425
! 38
| 434.000
! 61
| 434.575
|- align="center"
! 16
| 433.450
! 39
| 434.025
! 62
| 434.600
|- align="center"
! 17
| 433.475
! 40
| 434.050
! 63
| 434.625
|- align="center"
! 18
| 433.500
! 41
| 434.075
! 64
| 434.650
|- align="center"
! 19
| 433.525
! 42
| 434.100
! 65
| 434.675
|- align="center"
! 20
| 433.550
! 43
| 434.125
! 66
| 434.700
|- align="center"
! 21
| 433.575
! 44
| 434.150
! 67
| 434.725
|- align="center"
! 22
| 433.600
! 45
| 434.175
! 68
| 434.750
|- align="center"
! 23
| 433.625
! 46
| 434.200
! 69
| 434.775
|}

==See also==
*[[PMR446]]
*[[Personal radio service]]
*[[Family Radio Service]]
*[[General Mobile Radio Service]]
* [[Part 15 (FCC rules)|Part 15]]
* [[ISM band]]
* [[NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Radio spectrum}}
{{Two-way radio}}

[[Category:Bandplans]]