View source for Lakas–CMD (1991)

{{Short description|Former ruling political party in Philippines founded by Fidel Ramos}}
{{about|the political party founded in 1991|the party founded in 2008 and merged with KAMPI|Lakas–CMD}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
| name        = Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats
| logo        = Lakas CMD.svg
| colorcode   = {{party color|Lakas–CMD (1991)}}
| leader1_title = [[#Party leadership|Leader]]
| leader1_name = [[Fidel V. Ramos]] (1991–1998)<br />[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] (1998–2008)
| split       = [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]]
| founder     = {{plainlist|
* Fidel V. Ramos (Lakas)
* [[Raul Manglapus]] (NUCD)
* Sanchez Ali (UMDP)}}
| foundation  = {{plainlist|
* 1968 (NUCD)
* 1971 (UMDP)
* December 1991 (Lakas)
* January 3, 1992 (merger)}}
| merger      = {{plainlist|
* Lakas ng Tao
* National Union of Christian Democrats
* United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines}}
| merged      = [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas–Kampi–CMD]]
| dissolved   = June 18, 2008 (merged into [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas–Kampi–CMD]])
| ideology    = {{Nowrap|[[Conservatism]]<br />[[Christian democracy]]<br />[[Islamic democracy]]<br />[[Neoliberalism]]}}
| position    = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryID=109470 ABS-CBN News Online (Beta)<!--Bot-generated title-->]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name= "Centre-right" />
| international = [[Centrist Democrat International]]
| colors        =
{{ubl|
* {{color box|{{party color|People Power Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Yellow]] (1991–2001){{Efn|name=lakasyellow|as Lakas–NUCD and Lakas–NUCD–UMDP}}
* {{color box|{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}|border=darkgray}} [[Sky blue]] (2004–2008){{Efn|name=lakasblue|as Lakas–CMD}}
|}}
| national =
{{ubl|
* [[TEAM Unity]] (2007)
* [[Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan|K–4]] (2004)
* [[People Power Coalition|PPC]] (2001)
* [[Lakas–Laban Coalition|Lakas–Laban]] (1995)
|}}
| country = Philippines
}}
'''Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats''' ({{Translation|People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats}}),{{Efn|name=lakasmeaning|Lakas does not literally means only Power, as the Lakas group of Ramos originally known as Partido Lakas ng Tao or People Power Party, but commonly known as Lakas}} shortened as '''Lakas–CMD''', with being abbreviated and popularly known as '''Lakas''', was a [[political party]] in the [[Philippines]]. Its ideology and that of its successor is heavily influenced by [[Christian democracy|Christian]] and [[Islamic democracy]]. The party's influence on [[Philippine]] society is very strong, especially after the [[People Power Revolution]], which has led the country to elect two presidents from the party, namely [[Fidel V. Ramos]], a [[United Methodist]], and [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]], a [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Roman Catholic]].

In May 2009, Lakas–CMD merged with Arroyo's [[Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino|Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino]], thereby being known as [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas Kampi CMD]], a completely new entity. In May 2012, Lakas Kampi CMD renamed itself again as Lakas–CMD after the separation of KAMPI.

==History==

=== Formation ===
[[Image:Ramos Pentagon.jpg|thumb|left|150px|President [[Fidel V. Ramos]], founder of Lakas–NUCD]]

In November 1991, former [[Secretary of National Defense (Philippines)|National Defense Secretary]] [[Fidel V. Ramos]] joined the [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]] (LDP) in order to gain its support for his 1992 presidential bid. LDP was held to nominate the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates for [[1992 Philippine presidential election|1992]]. After losing the presidential nomination to LDP co-founder and House Speaker [[Ramon Mitra Jr.|Ramon Mitra]], Ramos bolted the said party and organized the '''United People Power Movement''' (UPPM) with then [[Pangasinan]] [[Pangasinan's 4th congressional district|Representative]] [[Jose de Venecia Jr.]], an LDP member. The new organization was officially named '''Partido''' '''Lakas ng Tao''' (or '''Lakas ng [[People Power Revolution|EDSA]]''') and formally launched on January 3, 1992, at the [[Club Filipino]] in [[Greenhills, San Juan]]. The name origin of the party is to campaign that Ramos is a hero of the 1986 EDSA People Power, and being an anti to the ''trapo'' (traditional politician).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NEWS ExplainED: Pinagmulan ng Lakas-CMD |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z30eYs8cOIY |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.youtube.com |quote=''At nariyan na rin ang pangalan ng partido. Ang buong pangalan ng Lakas ay Partido Lakas ng Tao or People Power Party para sagarin ang tema ng kampaniya ni FVR na isa raw siyang bayani ng EDSA [People Power] na lumaban kay Marcos.''}}</ref>

Upon de Venecia's initiative, Ramos merged Lakas ng Tao with the '''National Union of Christian Democrats''' (NUCD), a cluster of the defunct [[Progressive Party (Philippines)|Progressive Party]] led by former Senator [[Raul Manglapus]], to form '''Lakas–National Union of Christian Democrats''' (Lakas–NUCD). Some of LDP members were raided by Ramos and De Venecia to join their newly-formed party, which LDP co-founder [[Peping Cojuangco]] criticized.

=== 1992 elections: Ed sa '92 ===
[[File:Partido Lakas ng Tao logo.png|thumb|Logo of Partido Lakas ng Tao or United People Power Movement before its merger with National Union of Christian Democrats (NUCD)]]
Ramos invited Cebu Governor [[Lito Osmeña]] to serve as his running-mate. Ramos won the presidential election, defeating former [[Secretary of Agrarian Reform|Agrarian Reform Secretary]] [[Miriam Defensor Santiago]] of the [[People's Reform Party]] (PRP), Mitra and four other presidential candidates. On the other hand, Osmeña lost the vice presidential race to Senator [[Joseph Estrada]] of the [[Nationalist People's Coalition]] (NPC). Osmeña later appointed as Ramos' economic adviser.

But since he got a low plurality in the election, de Venecia created the ''[[Rainbow Coalition (Philippines)|Rainbow Coalition]]'' and converged Lakas, Mitra's LDP, Cojuangco's NPC and other national parties.

=== 1995 election: Lakas–Laban ===
In 1995, Lakas–NUCD formed an alliance with LDP, then known as Laban for the [[1995 Philippine general election|1995 legislative elections]]. This coalition, called the [[Lakas–Laban Coalition]], won a majority in both houses of [[Congress of the Philippines|Congress]]. The coalition later folded after disputes with Laban led by its Senate Leader [[Edgardo Angara]], who also served as Senate President.

===1998 election: Victory '98===
[[File:Lakas logo in 1992.png|thumb|Lakas logo in 1992 when Fidel Ramos is campaigning]]
In 1997, Lakas–NUCD was joined by the '''United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines''' (UMDP) of former Ambassador Sanchez Ali, thereby changing the party's name to '''Lakas–National Union of Christian Democrats–United Muslim Democrats of the Philippines''' (Lakas–NUCD–UMDP). In November that year, Lakas held a national convention to select its nominees for the [[1998 Philippine general election|1998 national elections.]] The long list of contenders for the presidential nomination had been abridged into a close fight between Ramos' two leading political lieutenants, House Speaker de Venecia and former Defense Secretary [[Renato de Villa]], with Bulacan Governor [[Roberto Pagdanganan]] also contested in the nomination process. After rounds of secret balloting, de Venecia won the nomination and was officially proclaimed as the Lakas presidential nominee for the 1998 election.

After losing the nomination, de Villa bolted Lakas and formed the [[Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma]] with [[Governor of Pangasinan|Pangasinan Governor]] [[Oscar Orbos]] as his running mate for vice president. Lito Osmeña, who also lost the presidential nomination, launched his presidential bid under the [[PROMDI|Probinsya Muna Development Initiative]] (PROMDI) with [[Ismael Sueno]] as his running mate.
Meanwhile, Lakas nominated then Senator [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] as its candidate for vice president. Arroyo had originally intended to run for president under her party, [[Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino|Kabalikat ng Mamamayang Pilipino]] (KAMPI). Pagdanganan joined the Lakas senatorial slate.[[File:NUCD–UDMP logo.png|thumb|NUCD–UMDP logo]]De Venecia lost the [[1998 Philippine presidential election|presidential election]] to Vice President Joseph Estrada of [[Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino]] by a significant plurality. Arroyo won the vice presidency in the same manner as Estrada, defeating Estrada's running mate, Senator [[Edgardo Angara]]. Arroyo emerged victorious in the vice presidential race while KAMPI was in hiatus.

===2004: Arroyo administration===
==== Renaming ====
In early 2004, the party's name was changed into the current '''Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats''' (Lakas–CMD).  However, the meaning of Lakas in the party name was now referred to as "''Lakas ng EDSA''" ("The Strength of EDSA") from the original "''Lakas ng Tao''" ("People Power"). This was also the name that the party used when it participated in the [[2004 Philippine general election]] as the leading member of the [[Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan|K4 Coalition]].

==== Presidential nomination ====
By 2003, Arroyo stated that she will not run for a full term. Because of her statements, Senators [[Ramon Magsaysay Jr.|Jun Magsaysay]], Dr. [[Juan Flavier]], and [[Loren Legarda]] declared their intention to get the Lakas presidential nomination. But only Magsaysay and Flavier are those party members who is contenders are willing to give way if Arroyo retracted her statement and run for presidential elections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clapano |first=Jose Rodel |last2=Romero |first2=Paolo |date=June 12, 2003 |title=Danding sets three conditions for running in 2004 |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/06/12/209770/danding-sets-three-conditions-running-2004 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> Flavier also said that if Legarda campaign for presidential nomination, he will withdraw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2003 |title=For Loren's sake, I'll withdraw my bid in 2004 — Flavier |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/04/24/203574/loren146s-sake-i146ll-withdraw-my-bid-2004-151-flavier |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> Legarda that time finds her potential running mate with the likes of Raul Roco, and President Arroyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clapano |first=Jose Rodel |date=November 29, 2003 |title=Loren to announce 2004 plans before Christmas |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/11/29/229687/loren-announce-2004-plans-christmas |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

Legarda and Vice President Tito Guingona later leave Lakas to join the opposition, with Legarda as the vice presidential candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascual Jr. |first=Federico D. |date=October 5, 2003 |title=GMA draws clearer battle lines for 2004 |url=https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2003/10/05/223091/gma-draws-clearer-battle-lines-2004 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>[[File:Lakas–NUCD.png|thumb|Lakas–NUCD logo used in 1990s until 2004]]
==== Gloria Arroyo's campaign and Gloriagate ====
{{Main|Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign|Hello Garci scandal}}

President Arroyo was the [[Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan|K4]] candidate for president in the [[2004 Philippine presidential election]], eventually winning over actor [[Fernando Poe Jr.]] and Senator [[Panfilo Lacson]].

After Arroyo's victory, she received electoral protest from Poe and his camp. In the protest, his running-mate, Senator [[Noli de Castro]] also included which filed by former Senator [[Loren Legarda]]. The poll protests were later thrown out by the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] acting as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET). Later, the controversy arose with Arroyo's [[Hello Garci scandal|controversial call to Garci in 2004]].

{{Christian Democracy sidebar}}

At the onset of 2006, Lakas was torn by factional rivalry between supporters of President Arroyo and supporters of former President Fidel V. Ramos. Issues include transitory provisions in a proposed Constitution to scrap the [[2007 Philippine general election|2007 midterm elections]] ("''no-el''") and calls for her to step down in time for the elections. The party held its Annual Party Directorate Meeting in January 2006 to discuss these matters.

There are no official results available of the 2007 elections released by Lakas–CMD but according to the House of Representatives, the party held 79 out of 235 seats.

==== Future senatorial lineup ====
On January 16, 2008, Lakas–CMD spokesman and legal counsel [[Raul Lambino]] stated that Lakas officially released the list of senatorial bets for [[2010 Philippine Senate election|2010]]. Except for [[Parañaque]] Representative [[Eduardo Zialcita]], they were not yet identified. However, Lambino named incumbent Senators [[Bong Revilla]] and [[Lito Lapid]], former senator [[Ralph Recto]] and former Congressman [[Prospero Pichay]] as among those considered.<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080116-112714/Lakas-lists-down-30-senatorial-bets-for-2010--spokesman Inquirer.net, Lakas lists down 30 senatorial bets for 2010--spokesman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910230132/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080116-112714/Lakas-lists-down-30-senatorial-bets-for-2010--spokesman |date=September 10, 2012 }}</ref>

'''De Venecia's resignation'''

Jose de Venecia resigned his post as president of Lakas on March 10, 2008, and rejected the proposition of Ramos to give him the title of chairman emeritus. House Speaker [[Prospero Nograles]] and former House Speaker [[Feliciano Belmonte Jr.]] were sworn as party president and vice president for Metro Manila affairs on the same day, respectively.

====Merger with KAMPI====
On June 18, 2008, President Gloria Arroyo confirmed the historical merger of the Lakas–CMD and the [[Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino]] (KAMPI) parties. Both parties adopted the "equity of the incumbent" principle, as the merger will account for almost 200 national and 8,000 local officials, amid Arroyo's prediction of victory in the [[2010 Philippine general election|2010 elections]]. Nograles and KAMPI Chairman [[Ronaldo Puno]] signed the covenant at the regional [[caucus]] held in [[Davao City]].<ref>[http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=news4_june19_2008 manilastandardtoday.com,  Lakas, Kampi merge; see victory in 2010 polls]</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/101994/Lakas-CMD-Kampi-merge GMA NEWS.TV,  Lakas-CMD, Kampi merge]</ref> Ramos, the party chairman-emeritus, announced on February 6, 2008, that Lakas–CMD would be the surviving entity after its merger with [[Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino|KAMPI]].<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080206-117116/Ramos-De-Venecia-to-remain-president-in-Lakas-Kampi-merger Inquirer.net, Ramos: De Venecia to remain president in Lakas-Kampi merger] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223035729/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080206-117116/Ramos-De-Venecia-to-remain-president-in-Lakas-Kampi-merger |date=December 23, 2014 }}</ref>

On August 9, 2009, de Venecia and Ramos led fifty members from the Lakas–Kampi–CMD in objecting to its merger with KAMPI. The faction elected de Venecia as president and Ramos as chairman emeritus. However, Ramos later refused the offer of being named in the interim party organization. De Venecia has filed a resolution at the [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Commission on Elections]] to declare the merger ''null and void''.<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090909-224323/Lakas-Kampi-CMD-merger-in-peril Lakas-Kampi-CMD merger in peril] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427162726/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090909-224323/Lakas-Kampi-CMD-merger-in-peril |date=April 27, 2015 }}</ref> However, the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] ultimately upheld the legality of the merger,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNation.htm?f=2010%2Fjanuary%2F1%2Fnation3.isx&d=%2F2010%2Fjanuary%2F1 |title=Manila Standard Today -- Merger of ruling parties affirmed -- /2010/January/1 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606112018/http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNation.htm?f=2010%2Fjanuary%2F1%2Fnation3.isx&d=%2F2010%2Fjanuary%2F1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> citing the failure of de Venecia "to sufficiently show that any grave abuse of discretion was committed by the [[Commission on Elections]] in rendering the challenged resolution."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Punay |first=Edu |date=January 1, 2010 |title=Supreme Court OKs merger of Lakas, Kampi |url=http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=537212&publicationSubCategoryId=63 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912094846/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=537212&publicationSubCategoryId=63 |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref>

==Ideology==
Lakas has always focused on economic growth and development, stronger ties with the [[United States]], creation of jobs, and strong cooperation between the executive and legislative branches of government. It is known for its advocacy of a shift from the present [[presidential system]] to a [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary form of government]] through constitutional amendments and through establishing peace talks with [[Islam in the Philippines|Muslim]] separatists and [[communism|communist]] rebels. The party democracy is distinct in its ecumenical inclusion of Muslim leaders in its political alliance.<ref name="Centre-right">{{cite book |last1=Dayley |first1=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCrTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195 |title=Southeast Asia In The New International Era |date=2016 |publisher=Avalon |isbn=9780813350110 |access-date=April 19, 2017}}</ref>

== Branding ==
With being associated with [[Presidency of Corazon Aquino|Corazon Aquino's presidency]], party founder and Defense Secretary<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sykioco |first=By Leif |title=The Blame Game {{!}} 31 years of amnesia |url=https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia/ramos-role |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=newslab.philstar.com}}</ref> Fidel Ramos used yellow as Lakas' party color and campaign color in 1992,<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Tiglao |first=Rigoberto |date=2022-05-16 |title=The people have their reasons - Rigoberto Tiglao |url=https://rigobertotiglao.com/2022/05/16/the-people-have-their-reasons/ |access-date=2025-06-24 |language=en-US |quote=''The crushing of the RAM-led coups right after EDSA in 1986, however, intimidated the nation to accept the three Yellow regimes (Cory's, Ramos' and Aquino 3rd) and their narratives.''}}</ref> especially when Ramos and his running-mate was endorsed by Aquino<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbugao |first=Martin |date=February 7, 1992 |title=Aquino endorses Ramos as her successor - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/02/07/Aquino-endorses-Ramos-as-her-successor/4363697438800/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref> (who used yellow in her 1986 campaign).<ref name=":32" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dizon |first=Nikko |date=2015-08-01 |title='Yellow is the color of continuity' |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/709560/yellow-is-the-color-of-continuity |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> Ramos also emphasized the party's name Lakas (English translation to People Power), that he is a hero of the 1986 revolution.<ref name=":1" />

But when Gloria Mapacagal Arroyo assumed presidency, the color of Lakas is associated with her campaign color, which is powder blue.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Malasig |first=Jeline |date=2018-05-16 |title=Can you paint with all the colors of politics? |url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/breaking-news/2018/05/16/126899/can-you-paint-with-all-the-colors-of-politics/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=Interaksyon |language=en-US |quote=CAPTION: ''Politicians are usually associated with colors, such as Arroyo in blue, Duterte in red, Estrada in orange and Aquino in yellow. What are the meanings of these colors and how do they relate to political beliefs? (Art by Uela Badayos)''}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dacanay |first=Barbara Mae |date=2004-01-04 |title=Arroyo, de Castro plan grand start to campaign |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/arroyo-de-castro-plan-grand-start-to-campaign-1.310108 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Gulf News |language=en |quote=''Earlier, she expressed a preference for powder blue (instead of dark blue)''}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==

=== Presidential election ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!Year
! Presidential Candidate
! Votes
! %
! Result
!Outcome
|-
![[1992 Philippine presidential election|1992]]
| align="left" | [[Fidel V. Ramos]]
| 5,342,521
| 23.58
| {{Won}}
| align="left" style="background:{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}|'''[[Fidel V. Ramos]]''' '''won'''
|-
![[1998 Philippine presidential election|1998]]
| align="left" | [[Jose de Venecia Jr.]]
| 4,268,483
| 15.87
| {{Lost}}
| align="left"|[[Joseph Estrada]] ([[Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino|LAMMP]])
|-
![[2004 Philippine presidential election|2004]]
| align="left" |[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]
| 12,905,808
| 39.99
| {{Won}}
| align="left" style="background:{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}|'''[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]''' '''won'''
|}

=== Vice Presidential election ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!Year
!Vice Presidential Candidate
!Votes
! %
!Result
!Outcome
|-
![[1992 Philippine presidential election|1992]]
|[[Lito Osmeña]]
|3,362,467
|16.47
| {{Lost}}
|[[Joseph Estrada]] ([[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]]) won
|-
![[1998 Philippine presidential election|1998]]
|[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]
|12,667,252
|49.56
| {{Won}}
| style="background:{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}" |'''[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]''' '''won'''
|-
![[2004 Philippine presidential election|2004]]
|None; Arroyo's running mate was [[Noli de Castro]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]])
|15,100,431
|49.80
| {{Won}}
|[[Noli de Castro]] ([[Independent politician|Independent]]) won
|}

=== Legislative elections ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|+
!Senate Election
!Seats won
!+/–
!Result
!President
!House Seats
!+/–
!Result
!House Election
|-
![[1992 Philippine Senate election|1992]]
|{{Composition bar|2|24|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|N/A
| {{Won|Majority}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}" |[[Fidel V. Ramos|Fidel Ramos]]
|{{Composition bar|41|216|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|N/A
|{{Won|Majority}}
![[1992 Philippine House of Representatives elections|1992]]{{Efn|Does not include candidates who ran as under a Lakas–NUCD–UMDP ticket along with another party.|group=n|name=notincluded}}
|-
![[1995 Philippine Senate election|1995]]{{Efn|In coalition with [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]].|group=n|name=ldp}}
|{{Composition bar|4|12|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{increase}} 3
|{{Won|Majority}}
|{{Composition bar|100|220|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{decrease}} 59
| {{Won|Majority}}
![[1995 Philippine House of Representatives elections|1995]]{{Efn|In coalition with [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]].|group=n|name=ldp}}
|-
![[1998 Philippine Senate election|1998]]
|{{Composition bar|5|12|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{Won|Majority}}
|style="background:{{party color|Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino}}"|[[Joseph Estrada|<span style="color:{{party color|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}}">Joseph Estrada</span>]]
|{{Composition bar|111|257|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{increase}} 11
|{{Lost|Minority}}
![[1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections|1998]]{{Efn|name=ldp}}
|-
![[2001 Philippine Senate election|2001]]
|{{Composition bar|3|13|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{Won|Majority}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Lakas–CMD}}|[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]
|{{Composition bar|73|256|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|{{Won|Majority}}
![[2001 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2001]]
|-
![[2004 Philippine Senate election|2004]]
|{{Composition bar|4|12|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
| {{Won|Majority}}
| style="background:#dbeff2;" |{{Composition bar|92|261|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{increase}} 19
| {{Won|Majority}}
![[2004 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2004]]
|-
![[2007 Philippine Senate election|2007]]
|{{Composition bar|1|12|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{steady}}
| {{Won|Majority}}
| style="background:#dbeff2;" |{{Composition bar|89|271|hex={{party color|Lakas-CMD}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
| {{Won|Majority}}
![[2007 Philippine House of Representatives elections|2007]]
|}

== Candidates for Philippine general elections ==

=== 1998 ===

==== For senator ====
Lakas put up a full senatorial slate during the [[1998 Philippine general election|May 11, 1998, national elections]], as it propels the machinery of its candidates House Speaker [[Jose de Venecia]] and Senator [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] to the presidency and vice presidency respectively against the [[Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino]] (''Struggle of Patriotic Filipino Masses'') coalition of the opposition led by Vice President [[Joseph Estrada]] and Senator [[Edgardo Angara]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Occupation
|-
| Lisandro Abadia
| former Chief of Staff of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]]
|-
| Rolando Andaya Sr.
| Representative from [[Camarines Sur]]
|-
| [[Robert Barbers|Robert Z. Barbers]]
| former [[Secretary of the Interior and Local Government]] and retired police officer
|-
| [[Rene Cayetano|Renato L. Cayetano]]
| Lawyer, former Presidential Legal Adviser, TV and radio personality
|-
| [[Roberto de Ocampo]]
| former [[Department of Finance (Philippines)|Secretary of Finance]]
|-
| Ricardo Gloria
| former [[Department of Education (Philippines)|Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports]]
|-
| [[Tito Guingona|Teofisto "Tito" Guingona Jr.]]
| former [[Department of Justice (Philippines)|Secretary of Justice]]
|-
| [[Loren Legarda|Lorna Regina B. Legarda]]
| Journalist, TV personality
|-
| [[Roberto Pagdanganan|Roberto "Obet" Pagdanganan]]
| [[Governor of Bulacan|Governor]] of [[Bulacan]] and 1998 Lakas presidential candidate (nomination lost to Jose de Venecia Jr.)
|-
| [[Hernando Perez|Hernando B. Perez]]
| Representative from [[Batangas]]
|-
| [[Nina Rasul|Santanina T. Rasul]]
| former senator
|-
| [[Ramon Revilla Sr.|Ramon B. Revilla Sr.]]
| Senator and former actor
|}

Lakas-NUCD-UMDP gained 5 out of 12 possible seats in the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]] namely: (in order of votes received)
* [[Loren Legarda]]
* [[Rene Cayetano|Renato Cayetano]]
* [[Robert Barbers]]
* [[Ramon Revilla Sr.]]
* [[Teofisto Guingona Jr.]] (appointed vice-president in 2001)

==Coalitions==
Lakas–CMD had coalesced with other parties in the past elections, enabling it to strengthen its political power both in the national and local levels:
* [[Lakas–Kampi–CMD]], the dominant majority party in the [[2010 Philippine general election|2010 national election]]s.
* [[TEAM Unity (Philippines)|TEAM Unity]], the name of the pro-Arroyo coalition in the [[2007 Philippine general election|2007 midterm elections]].
* [[Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan]] (''K–4, Coalition of Truth and Experience for the Future''), the name of the pro-Arroyo coalition in the [[2004 Philippine general election|2004 national elections]].
* [[People Power Coalition]], the name of pro-Arroyo coalition in the [[2001 Philippine general election|2001 midterm elections]].
* [[Lakas–Laban Coalition]], the name of the pro-Ramos coalition in the [[1995 Philippine general election|1995 midterm elections]].

==Notable members==

=== Presidents ===
* [[Fidel V. Ramos]] (12th President of the Philippines; party chairman-emeritus and former party chairman; co-founder)
* [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] (14th President of the Philippines; party chairperson)

=== Legislators ===
* [[Martin Romualdez]] (Representative, Leyte's 1st District; current party president)
* [[Bong Revilla Jr.]] (Senator; former party chairman)
* [[Teofisto Guingona Jr.]] (former Vice President of the Philippines; former party president)
* [[Raul Manglapus]] (Senator; co-founder)
* [[Loren Legarda]] (Senator)
* [[Leticia Ramos-Shahani]] (Senate President pro tempore)
* [[Ramon Magsaysay Jr.]] (Senator)
* [[Franklin Drilon]] (Senator)
* [[Sergio Osmeña III]] (Senator)
* [[Robert Barbers]] (Senator)
* [[Renato Cayetano]] (Senator)
* [[Ramon Revilla Sr.]] (Senator)
* [[Robert Jaworski]] (Senator)
* [[Jose de Venecia Jr.]] (Speaker of the House of Representatives; former party president and co-founder)
* [[Joker Arroyo]] (Senator)
* [[Ralph Recto]] (Senator)
* [[Eduardo Ermita]] (executive secretary)
* [[Juan Flavier]] (Secretary of Health; senator)
* [[Lito Lapid]] (former Governor of [[Pampanga]], senator)
* [[Pia Cayetano]] (Senator)
* [[Dick Gordon (politician)|Richard J. Gordon]] (Senator)

== Party leadership ==

=== President ===
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
! colspan="2" |President
!Term start
!Term end
|-
|[[File:Sen. Raul Manglapus.jpg|85x85px]]
|[[Raul Manglapus]]
|1991
|1998<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sipin |first=Larry V. |date=February 3, 1998 |title=Joe Trapo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19980203&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Manila Standard |page=14}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Teofisto Guingona Jr. 20171013.jpg|85x85px]]
|[[Teofisto Guingona Jr.|Tito Guingona]]
|1998
|October 8, 2003<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Visperas |first=Eva |date=October 8, 2003 |title=Lakas elects JDV as party president |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2003/10/08/223427/lakas-elects-jdv-party-president |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Jose de Venecia junior 2007.jpg|85x85px]]
|[[Jose de Venecia Jr.|Jose De Venecia]]
|October 8, 2003<ref name=":0" />
|2008
|}

=== Chairperson ===
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
! colspan="2" |Chairperson
!Term start
!Term end
|-
|[[File:Jose de Venecia junior 2007.jpg|85x85px]]
|[[Jose de Venecia Jr.|Jose De Venecia]]
|1991
|May 2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2002 |title=GMA agrees to chair Lakas |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2002/05/16/161042/gma-agrees-chair-lakas |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo APEC 2001.jpg|107x107px]]
|[[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]]
|May 2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2002 |title=GMA agrees to chair Lakas |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2002/05/16/161042/gma-agrees-chair-lakas |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>
|2008
|}
== Notes ==
{{Notelist|group=n}}

== See also ==
* [[Lakas–CMD]], the current party formed formerly merged with Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino
* [[Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma]], breakaway party formed by Renato de Villa

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Philippine political parties}}
{{Philippines topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lakas-CMD (original)}}
[[Category:1991 establishments in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Christian democratic parties in Asia]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1991]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2008]]

[[tl:Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats]]