View source for Lanzhou

{{Short description|Capital of Gansu, China}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Lanzhou
| official_name      = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name        = 兰州市
| native_name_lang   = zh-Hans
| other_name         = 
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 280
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/3/2
| image1                 = Skyline Lanzhou August 2025.jpg
| caption1 = Lanzhou skyline and the Yellow River
| image2                 = 西关清真寺i - panoramio.jpg
| caption2 = [[Xiguan Mosque]]
| image3 = Lanzhou_Zhongshan_Qiao_2013.12.28_17-26-24.jpg
| caption3 = [[Zhongshan Bridge]]
| image4                = The Yellow River at Lanzhou - 兰州黄河边上 (17143320738).jpg
| caption4 = Waterwheel Expo Garden
| image5                 = Lanzhou Chanyuan 2013.12.29 11-47-46.jpg
| caption5 = Chanyuan Temple
| image6                 = 兰州牛肉面.jpg
| caption6 = [[Lanzhou beef noodle soup|Lanzhou beef noodles]]
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7|frame-lat=36.25|frame-long=103.53}}
| image_map1         = Location of Lanzhou Prefecture within Gansu (China).png
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = Location of Lanzhou City jurisdiction in Gansu
| pushpin_map        = China Gansu#China
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city center in Gansu
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Chengguan District, Lanzhou|Chengguan District]]
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Gansu]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County-level&nbsp;divisions]]
| subdivision_name2  = 8
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| governing_body     = [[Lanzhou Municipal People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = Zhang Xiaoqiang
| leader_title1      = [[Lanzhou Municipal People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman
| leader_name1       = Zhang Jianping
| leader_title2      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name2       = Liu Jianxun<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://m.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=602230|title=博士刘建勋任兰州市市长，全国已有多个"70后"省会城市市长}}</ref>
| leader_title3      = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman
| leader_name3       = Li Hongya
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes     = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by area|ranked 29th]]) -->
| area_total_km2     = 13086.9<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_metro_km2     = 1112.9
| population_as_of   = 2020 census
| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/gansu/admin/|title=China: Gānsù (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>
| population_total   = 4,359,446
| population_density_km2 = auto
| area_urban_km2     = 2432.9
| population_urban   = 3,474,858
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 3,042,863
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = <!-- Mun. Density rank -->
| population_blank1  = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|4th]]) -->
| population_blank2_title = Major [[Nationalities of China|nationalities]]
| population_blank2  = <!-- [[Han Chinese|Han]] - 96%<br />[[Manchu]] – 2%<br />[[Hui people|Hui]] – 2%<br />[[Mongol]]ian – 0.3% -->
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=甘肃省统计局、国家统计局甘肃调查总队 |title=《甘肃发展年鉴－2016》 |date=November 2016 |publisher=[[China Statistics Press]] |isbn=978-7-5037-7894-0 |url=http://www.gstj.gov.cn/tjnj/2016/index.html }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 209.6 billion<br />[[US$]] 33.7 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 56,972<br />US$ 9,147
| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| coor_pinpoint      = Gansu People's Government
| coordinates        = {{coord|36.0606|N|103.8268|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-62_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 730000
| area_code          = [[Telephone numbers in China|931]]
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-GS-01]]
| blank_name         = [[License Plate (China)|License plate prefixes]]
| blank_info         = {{lang|zh-cn|甘A}}
| website            = {{URL|http://www.lanzhou.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes          = {{center|<big>'''City [[flower]]s'''</big><br /> [[Rugosa Rose]] }}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Lanzhou_(Chinese_characters).svg
| piccap = "Lanzhou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.4
| t = {{linktext|蘭州}}
| s = {{linktext|兰州}}
| p = Lánzhōu
| w = Lan<sup>2</sup>-chou<sup>1</sup>
| psp = Lanchow
| gr = Lanjou
| bpmf = ㄌㄢˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄓㄡ
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|l|an|2|.|zh|ou|1}}
| j = Laan<sup>4</sup>-zau<sup>1</sup>
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|l|aan|4|.|z|au|1}}
| y = Làahn-jāu
| suz = Lé-tseu
| poj = Lân-chiu
| tl = Lân-tsiu
| xej = لًا جِوْ
| zh-dungan = Ланҗу
| l = "Orchid [Hills] [[zhou (administrative subdivision)|Prefecture]]"<ref>{{citation |last=Jun |first=Jing |author-mask=Jun Jing |title=The Temple of Memories: History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3leAld7M7p0C&pg=PA4 4] |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford |date=1996 }}.</ref>
| order = st
| c = 
| altname = 
}}

'''Lanzhou'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|l|ae|n|'|dʒ|oʊ}}, {{IPAc-en|US|l|Q|n|-}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Langzhou |title=Langzhou |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{lang-zh|c=|s=兰州|p=Lánzhōu}}}} is the [[Capital city|capital]] and largest city of [[Gansu]] [[Provinces of China|province]] in [[northwestern China]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43571.htm|publisher=PRC Central Government Official Website|access-date=2014-05-17}}</ref> Located on the banks of the [[Yellow River]], it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. Historically, it has been a major link on the [[Northern Silk Road]] and it stands to become a major hub on the [[New Eurasian Land Bridge]]. The city is also a center for [[heavy industry]] and [[petrochemical industry]].

Lanzhou is the geographical center of China’s land territory, and the third largest city in Northwest China after [[Xi'an]] and [[Ürümqi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=One World - The Most Populated Cities in China|url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/china_cities.htm|publisher= Nations Online and PRC Central Government Official Website|access-date=2024-08-29}}</ref>  Lanzhou is also an important center for scientific research and education in [[Northwestern China]] after [[Xi'an]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2024-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> The city is one of the top [[List of cities by scientific output|50 major cities]] in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2025-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> It hosts [[List of universities and colleges in Gansu|several research institutions]], including, [[Lanzhou University]], [[Northwest Normal University]], [[Lanzhou University of Technology]], [[Gansu Agricultural University]], [[Gansu University of Chinese Medicine]], and [[Lanzhou Jiaotong University]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-10-26|title=US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Lanzhou|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=lanzhou|access-date=2021-10-31|website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2023 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.shanghairanking.com |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303090917/https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2023 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Notably, [[Lanzhou University]] is one of [[List of universities in China|China's prestige universities]] as a member of the [[Project 985]].

==History==
[[File:Lanchou_City_and_Hwang_Ho.jpg|left|thumb|Lanzhou and the [[Zhongshan Bridge]] under construction in 1909 taken by [[Robert Sterling Clark]]]]
[[File:West Gate of City Wall of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 1875 WDL2082.png|thumb|200px|left|The West Gate ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=西关 |p=Xīguān}}) of the old city wall in 1875. It has been demolished, although its busy neighborhood still bears its name.]]

Originally in the territory of the [[Qiang (historical people)|ancient Western Qiang]]s, Lanzhou became part of the territory of the [[Qin (state)|State of Qin]] in the 6th century BC.

In 81 BC, under the [[Han dynasty]] (206 BC–AD 220), it was taken from the Huns' Huandi Chanyu and made the seat of '''Jincheng''' [[Commandery (China)|commandery]] ({{zhi|p=jùn}}), and later of the Jincheng (Golden City) [[Counties of the People's Republic of China#History|county]] ({{zhi|p=xiàn}}), later renamed ''Yunwu''. From at least the first millennium BC it was a major link on the ancient [[Northern Silk Road]],<ref>{{Cite journal|title=On the relation between the evolution of natural environment and human factors and the development of urban settlement—Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as an examples|first1=Xiaowei|last1=Xian|first2=Linyuan|last2=Zhang|first3=Nanshan|last3=Ai|first4=Wohlke|last4=Wihelm|date=March 1, 1991|journal=Chinese Geographical Science|volume=1|issue=1|pages=42–53|doi=10.1007/BF02664455|bibcode=1991ChGpS...1...42X |s2cid=195214733}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18006|title=Silk Road, North China|website=The Megalithic Portal}}</ref>  and also an important historic [[Yellow River]] crossing site. To protect the city, the [[Great Wall of China]] was extended as far as [[Yumen Pass|Yumen]]. Parts of the Great Wall still exist within the built-up area.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/F48_HZQFtKM Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170405152536/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F48_HZQFtKM Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media |trans-title=Yellow River Capital Jincheng Lanzhou |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F48_HZQFtKM |script-title=zh:城内外（116）黄河之都金城兰州 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

After the fall of the [[Han dynasty]], Lanzhou became the capital of a succession of tribal states. In the 4th century it was briefly the capital of the independent state of [[Earlier Liang|Liang]]. The [[Northern Wei dynasty]] (386–534) reestablished [[Jincheng]] commandery, renaming the county [[Jincheng]]. Mixed with different cultural heritages, the area at present-day [[Gansu]] province, from the 5th to the 11th century, became a center for [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] study. Under the [[Sui dynasty]] (581–618) the city became the seat of Lanzhou prefecture for the first time, retaining this name under the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907). In 763 the area was overrun by the [[Tibetan Empire]] and in 843 was conquered by the [[Tang dynasty|Tang]]. Later it fell into the hands of the [[Western Xia dynasty]] (which flourished in [[Qinghai]] from the 11th to 13th century) and was subsequently absorbed by the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1126) in 1081. The name Lanzhou was reestablished, and the county renamed Lanzhuan.

After 1127 it fell into the hands of the [[Jin dynasty, 1115–1234|Jin dynasty]], and after 1235 it came into the possession of the [[Mongol Empire]].

Under the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) the prefecture was demoted to a county and placed under the administration of [[Lintao]] superior prefecture, but in 1477 Lanzhou was reestablished as a political unit.

The city acquired its current name in 1656, during the [[Qing dynasty]]. When [[Gansu]] was made a separate province in 1666, Lanzhou became its capital.

In 1739 the seat of [[Lintao]] was transferred to Lanzhou, which was later made a superior prefecture called Lanzhou.

Lanzhou was badly damaged during the [[Dungan revolt (1862–1877)|Dungan revolt]] in 1864–1875. In the 1920s and 1930s it became a center of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] influence in [[northwestern China]].
[[File:Shengyun_and_Mannerheim_in_Lanzhou,_1908.jpg|thumb|[[Viceroy of Shaan-Gan]] and Baron [[C. G. E. Mannerheim]] in Lanzhou, 1908]]

===Second Sino-Japanese War-World War II===
During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945) Lanzhou, linked with [[Xi'an]] by [[highway]] in 1935, became the terminus of the {{convert|3,200|km|mi|abbr=on}} Chinese–Soviet highway, used as a route for Soviet supplies destined for the Xi'an area. This highway remained the primary traffic route of northwestern China until the completion of the railway from Lanzhou to [[Ürümqi]], [[Xinjiang]].

===The Battle of Lanzhou===
Lanzhou's old ''[[Gongxingdun Airport|Donggang]]'' Airport, located near the city centre, was the primary entry point for combat aircraft provided to China under the [[Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact]], and along with other targets around Lanzhou, including civilian centers, were heavily bombed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service|Imperial Japanese Army Air Force]] and [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service|Navy Air Force]].<ref name=hoplite>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoplite.cn/templates/jqzyhxzs0006.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323225033/http://www.hoplite.cn/templates/jqzyhxzs0006.html|archive-date= 23 March 2016|script-title=zh:兰州空战：中国空战史上最惨烈的一次消耗战！|language=zh-cn}}</ref> Many air battles were fought between the Chinese Air Force and the Imperial Japanese air forces over Lanzhou and surrounding regions from 1937 to 1945, particularly from 1938 to 1941 when the influx of Soviet war materials formed the primary support in China's War of Resistance against the Imperial Japanese invasion. Instances of major air-battles include an IJAAF raid consisting of 30 [[Fiat BR.20|BR.20]] and [[Mitsubishi Ki-21|Ki-21]] bombers against civilian targets in Lanzhou on 20 February 1939; [[Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)#Units of the Chinese Nationalist Air Force 1937–1945|17th PS, 5th PG]] commander Capt. [[Cen Zeliu]] and his deputy commander Capt. Ma Guolian (Ma Kwok-Lim), a Canadian-Chinese volunteer for the Chinese Air Force,<ref>Cheung, 2015, p. 63. Cen (Zeliu) and Ma Kwok-Lim, from Canada, were able to make it back to base with badly damaged planes</ref> shot down the first two bombers in the battle, followed by two more downed as Capt. Cen led another attack on the third formation. They would be joined by pilots of the [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] led by Nikolay Garilov and the 15th PS led by Li Debiao, who would all shoot down five more of the Japanese bombers; the northern Chinese air-raid early-warning net headquarters in [[Xi'an]] observed 21 of the original 30 IJAAF bombers returning from Lanzhou.

As the Imperial Japanese forces were preparing for ''[[Attack on Pearl Harbor|Operation Z]]'' against the United States and other allies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific by mid-1941, the [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service|IJANF]] were busy training new aircrews in live combat action across China for the upcoming war in the Pacific; on 22 May 1941, Lt. [[Gao Youxin]] of the 21st PS, 4th PG engaged an IJNAF raid on Lanzhou in an [[Polikarpov I-16|I-16]] fighter aircraft, while avoiding confrontation against the [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero|''Zero'' fighters]], he shot down a [[Mitsubishi G3M]] bomber north of Lanzhou. On the ground, the [[KMT]] [[Muslim]] Generals [[Ma Hongkui]] and [[Ma Bufang]] protected Lanzhou with their cavalry troops, putting up such resistance that the Japanese never captured Lanzhou.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6O67mW5ODV0C&q=lanzhou+resistance+never+captured+muslim+generals+ma+pu-fang+ma+hung-kwei|title=Collier's encyclopedia: with bibliography and index, Volume 14|author=Stéphane William Darrach Halsey, Bernard Johnston (M.A.)|year=1989|publisher=Macmillan Educational Co.|page=285|access-date=2010-06-28}}</ref>

==Geography==
At {{convert|1600|m}} above sea level, Lanzhou lies in [[Northwestern China|China's northwest]] geographical center. The metropolitan area covers more than {{Convert|20|km2}} of urbanisation along the southern banks of the [[Yellow River]], which flows through from west to east. The [[Qilian Ranges]], [[Mt. Pingliang]], and [[Mt. Kongtong]] are located on the south and north sides of the city.

Lanzhou is situated on the upper reaches of the [[Yellow River]] where it emerges from the mountains and has been a center since early times, being at the southern end of the route leading via the [[Hexi Corridor]] across [[Central Asia]]. It commands the approaches to the ancient capital area of [[Chang'an]] (modern [[Xi'an]]) in [[Shaanxi]] province from both the west and the northwest, as well as the area of [[Qinghai Lake]] via the upper waters of the Yellow River and its tributaries.
{{Wide image|Lanzhou Skyline 201906.jpg|1100px|Panorama of [[Chengguan District, Lanzhou|Chengguan District]] (city centre), seen from the Lanshan mountain park.}}

===Climate ===

Lanzhou is situated in the [[temperate zone]] and has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') with hot summers and cold and very dry winters. In the urban core, based on 1971&ndash;2000 normals,<ref name=WCN/> the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−4.1|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|23.4|°C|1}} in July. The mean annual temperature is {{convert|10.9|°C|1}}, while annual [[rainfall]] is {{convert|309|mm|in}},<ref name=WCN/> almost all of which falls from May to October. The winters are so dry that snowfall is sometimes restricted to fall and spring. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 47&nbsp;percent in September to 57&nbsp;percent in April, sunshine is generous but not abundant, as the city receives 2,350 hours of bright sunshine annually.<ref name="cma new">{{cite web
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
|publisher =  [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 | language = zh | access-date = 2023-04-11
|title = Experience Template
}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = Y
| location = Lanzhou, elevation {{convert|1517|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| Jan high C = 2.3
| Feb high C = 7.6
| Mar high C = 14.1
| Apr high C = 20.7
| May high C = 24.9
| Jun high C = 28.6
| Jul high C = 30.2
| Aug high C = 28.8
| Sep high C = 23.6
| Oct high C = 17.5
| Nov high C = 10.3
| Dec high C = 3.5
| Jan mean C = -4.1
| Feb mean C = 0.6
| Mar mean C = 7.0
| Apr mean C = 13.2
| May mean C = 17.7
| Jun mean C = 21.7
| Jul mean C = 23.4
| Aug mean C = 22.2
| Sep mean C = 17.2
| Oct mean C = 10.7
| Nov mean C = 3.5
| Dec mean C = -2.9
| Jan low C = -8.4
| Feb low C = -4.3
| Mar low C = 1.6
| Apr low C = 7.2
| May low C = 11.5
| Jun low C = 15.8
| Jul low C = 17.9
| Aug low C = 16.9
| Sep low C = 12.6
| Oct low C = 6.1
| Nov low C = -0.9
| Dec low C = -7.0
| Jan record high C = 17.1
| Feb record high C = 21.0
| Mar record high C = 29.0
| Apr record high C = 34.6
| May record high C = 35.5
| Jun record high C = 36.8
| Jul record high C = 39.8
| Aug record high C = 37.3
| Sep record high C = 34.4
| Oct record high C = 30.5
| Nov record high C = 20.3
| Dec record high C = 16.5
| Jan record low C = −21.1
| Feb record low C = −17.6
| Mar record low C = −11.6
| Apr record low C = −5.7
| May record low C = −0.1
| Jun record low C = 5.7
| Jul record low C = 9.8
| Aug record low C = 8.6
| Sep record low C = 1.6
| Oct record low C = −7.1
| Nov record low C = −12.3
| Dec record low C = −19.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 1.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 3.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 6.7
| Apr precipitation mm = 16.3
| May precipitation mm = 39.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 44.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 63.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 66.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 43.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 21.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 2.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 0.7
| Jan humidity = 51
| Feb humidity = 46
| Mar humidity = 42
| Apr humidity = 40
| May humidity = 44
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 55
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 63
| Nov humidity = 58
| Dec humidity = 54
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.4
| Feb precipitation days = 2.4
| Mar precipitation days = 3.7
| Apr precipitation days = 5.8
| May precipitation days = 7.8
| Jun precipitation days = 8.9
| Jul precipitation days = 10.7
| Aug precipitation days = 10.1
| Sep precipitation days = 9.9
| Oct precipitation days = 6.5
| Nov precipitation days = 2.1
| Dec precipitation days = 1.0
| Jan sun = 149.7
| Jan percentsun = 48
| Feb sun = 173.1
| Feb percentsun = 56
| Mar sun = 210.3
| Mar percentsun = 56
| Apr sun = 226.0
| Apr percentsun = 57
| May sun = 245.1
| May percentsun = 56
| Jun sun = 234.0
| Jun percentsun = 54
| Jul sun = 239.6
| Jul percentsun = 54
| Aug sun = 226.6
| Aug percentsun = 55
| Sep sun = 173.2
| Sep percentsun = 47
| Oct sun = 173.6
| Oct percentsun = 51
| Nov sun = 155.5
| Nov percentsun = 51
| Dec sun = 143.1
| Dec percentsun = 48
| Jan snow days = 4.9
| Feb snow days = 4.4
| Mar snow days = 3.3
| Apr snow days = 0.9
| May snow days = 0.1
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 1.0
| Nov snow days = 3.1
| Dec snow days = 2.9
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma new"/><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |accessdate=2010-05-04 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=Chinese |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archivedate=September 21, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=" National Meteorological Center of CMA">{{cite web |url = http://www.nmc.cn/publish/forecast/AGS/lanzhou.html |script-title=zh:1981年-2010年（兰州）月平均气温和降水| publisher = National Meteorological Center of CMA | language = zh-hans | access-date = 25 November 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name=WCN>{{cite web|script-title=zh:兰州城市介绍以及气候背景分析|url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101160101.shtml? |website=Weather China|publisher=中国气象局公共气象服务中心|access-date=July 27, 2015|language=zh}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

===Environmental problems===
[[File:Lanzhou-rio-amarillo-baita-shan-d03.jpg|thumb|View on [[Zhongshan Bridge]] from Baita Mountain Park]]
{{Further|Environment of China}}

The city is located in a narrow and curved river valley with surrounding mountains causing it to be hemmed in blocking a free flow of air. According to the National Environmental Analysis released by [[Tsinghua University]] and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, Lanzhou was among the ten most air-polluted cities in the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Weather & Extreme Events 7 of 10 Most Air-Polluted Cities Are in China|url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/weather-extreme-events/7-of-10-most-air-polluted-cities-china-130116.htm|access-date=September 1, 2014|date=January 16, 2013|website=discovery.com|publisher=Imaginechina/Corbis|archive-date=September 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908214144/http://news.discovery.com/earth/weather-extreme-events/7-of-10-most-air-polluted-cities-china-130116.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Air quality reportedly was so poor that at times one could not see [[Lanshan (Gansu)|Lanshan]], the mountain rising up along the south side of the city.<ref name="Xinhua 2014"/> Lanzhou is also the home of many factories, including some involved in petroleum processing, and suffers from large [[dust storm]]s kicked up from the [[Gobi Desert]], especially in the winter and spring. In 2011, using Chinese statistics, the [[World Health Organization]] reported that Lanzhou had the worst air quality among eleven western Chinese cities. Its annual mean [[PM10]] μg/m<sup>3</sup> of 150 is 7 times the safe level established by the [[World Health Organization]]. It was worse than Beijing with its reading of 121.<ref>WHO report OAP_database_8_2011.xls</ref>

Since then, authorities have taken measures to improve air quality, which have largely been successful. "Thirteen polluting enterprises with excessive capacity have been closed, more than 200 highly polluting enterprises were suspended in winter, and 78 industrial enterprises have moved to an industrial park outside the city."<ref name="Xinhua 2014">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/14/c_133556571.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008021022/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/14/c_133556571.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 8, 2014|title=Across China: NW China city's air pollution transformation
|date=August 14, 2014}}</ref> In 2015 it was awarded China's climate progress [[title]]. As a city once unable to be spotted from satellites, Lanzhou has taken various measures to combat [[air pollution]] in recent years, having reduced its Air Pollution Index at the fastest speed across China.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/9017-China-s-west-poised-to-overtake-Hebei-in-a-most-polluted-list|title=China's far west poised to overtake Hebei in a "most polluted" list|date=June 15, 2016|publisher=China Dialogue}}</ref>  According to the 2018 WHO database,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/|title=WHO {{pipe}} WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (update 2018)|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> of 2700 towns listed, Lanzhou has the 158th highest level of PM 2.5 pollution, with an average of 54 micrograms per cubic meter (twice that of Milan).  The large particle PM10 remains high, at 132 micrograms per cubic meter, in part as a result of sand storms.

The reach of the Yellow River at Lanzhou carries a high load of silt, giving the river its characteristic muddy appearance; however water quality in this reach is better than the "fetid outflow that barely passes for water two hours downstream" (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16951806|title=Yellow River Pollution Is Price of Economic Growth|author= Rob Gifford|publisher= NPR|date= January 6, 2008}}</ref> In recent years, several specimens of the endangered [[Chinese giant salamander]] have been found in and near the Yellow River in Lanzhou.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.163.com/15/0816/09/B14M1AD100014AED.html |script-title=zh:兰州三名男子黄河边捡到娃娃鱼 已交到派出所_网易新闻 |website=news.163.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.163.com/16/0731/06/BT9JH8IH00014AEE.html |script-title=zh:皋兰什川农民在小峡电站库区发现罕见"娃娃鱼"_网易新闻 |website=news.163.com}}</ref>

On April 11, 2014, Lanzhou officials advised residents not to drink tap water, because [[benzene]] levels were 20 times the national limit of 10 micrograms per liter.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Li |first1=Xiaorong (李小荣) |script-title=zh:兰州自来水苯含量严重超标|url=http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/news/2014-04/11/c_1110203813.htm|title=Xinhua Gansu |access-date=July 27, 2015|language=zh|date=April 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091619/http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/news/2014-04/11/c_1110203813.htm|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city water supply suspected industrial chemical production to be the culprit, similar to what happened in the [[2005 Jilin chemical plant explosions]].<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|last=Spegele|first=Brian|title=Water Scare Hits Chinese City of Lanzhou|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303873604579495132929768284?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303873604579495132929768284.html|access-date=April 14, 2014|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=April 11, 2014}}</ref>

A [[brucellosis]] outbreak infecting humans took place in Lanzhou in 2020 after the Lanzhou Biopharmaceutical Plant involved in vaccine production accidentally pumped out the bacteria into the atmosphere in exhaust air, due to use of expired desinfectant, and affecting over 3,000 people.<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/china-reports-outbreak-of-brucellosis-disease-way-larger-than-originally-thought/news-story/b5c191369b19dc2aa8cc6b84e025b79a China reports outbreak of brucellosis disease 'way larger' than originally thought] 18 September 2020 ''www.news.com.au'', accessed 18 September 2020</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_9215336|title=兰州药厂泄漏事件布病患者：肿痛无药可吃，有人已转成慢性病_绿政公署_澎湃新闻-The Paper|website=www.thepaper.cn}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===Earthquakes===
Lanzhou experiences earthquakes regularly, although usually at low intensities.  In 1920 a large earthquake was experienced killing more than 100,000 people in Ningxia and Eastern Gansu province, although only 42 were killed in Lanzhou itself, the low number being attributed to the strong yet flexible nature of the wooden buildings in the city.<ref>"The Earthquake," E. J. Mann in Links with China and Other Lands, No. 31, April 1921, Lanzhou: China Inland Mission (quarterly) Bound volume in MS 380302, Papers of Ebenezer and Mabel Mann, SOAS, 331.[http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/4/913.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011230757/http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/4/913.htm|date=October 11, 2013}}</ref> Lanzhou was also affected by [[2008 Sichuan earthquake]] in 2008.

== Demographics ==
As of the [[2020 Chinese census]], Lanzhou surpassed 4 million population for the first time, with a total population of 4,359,446 inhabitants and 3,042,863 in the built-up (''or metro'') area of 1,112.9 square kilometres (429.7 sq mi) made of the 4 central urban districts (Chengguan, Qilihe, Anning and Xigu District). [[Lanzhou New Area]], near the airport and Honggu Districts are not yet conurbated. The growth increased significantly after a period of slower growth. The strong growth has been attributed to parents seeking better education opportunities for their children, retired [[Migrant workers in China|migrant workers]] returning to Gansu, improved services in the city and government policies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=财经自媒体|date=2021-05-26|title=人口增加74万 兰州离"强省会"还有多远？|url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2021-05-26/doc-ikmxzfmm4706298.shtml|access-date=2021-06-09|website=finance.sina.com.cn}}</ref>

==Sport==
The 14,000-capacity [[Northwest Minzu University Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cafe.daum.net/stade|title=Daum 카페|website=cafe.daum.net|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> is one of the main sports venues in the city. It is mostly used for football games. A new sports center complex, including a stadium with a capacity of 60,000 spectators and a swimming hall, is under development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gscn.com.cn/pub/house/lzhouse/2009/07/23/1248307934157.html |script-title=zh:兰州新城区崔家大滩：搁置六年的"奥体梦"  |access-date=May 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630033006/http://www.gscn.com.cn/pub/house/lzhouse/2009/07/23/1248307934157.html |archive-date=June 30, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Lanzhou previously had a professional soccer team named [[Gansu Tianma]] from 1999 to 2003.The team played in [[Chinese Football Association Yi League]] from 1999 to 2001 and bought a position in the [[Chinese Football Association Jia League|Jia League]] from [[Tianjin Lifei]]. The team relocated to [[Ningbo]], [[Zhejiang]] and changed their name to Ningbo Yaoma in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yi|first1=Cai|script-title=zh:甘肃天马改名宁波耀马 武汉队暗喜去宁波|url=http://sports.sina.com.cn/s/2003-09-15/073751342s.shtml|website=[[Sina Corp|Sina]] Sports |script-work=zh:体育周报|access-date=July 27, 2015|language=zh|date=September 15, 2003}}</ref> The team later relegated to [[China League Two]] in 2004 and became Dongguan Dongcheng after moving to [[Dongguan]], [[Guangdong]].

Former [[England national football team|England]] international [[Paul Gascoigne]] played four games in both a playing and coaching role for Gansu in 2003,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/256052/gascoigne-nets-contract-in-china |title=Gascoigne nets contract in China |date=January 27, 2003 |access-date=August 7, 2014 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=William |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2395122/Gleeful-Gascoigne-nets-job-in-China.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2395122/Gleeful-Gascoigne-nets-job-in-China.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Gleeful Gascoigne nets job in China |date=January 28, 2003 |access-date=August 7, 2014 |publisher=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> scoring two goals,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/262437 |title=Gazza scores in winning China debut |date=March 29, 2003 |access-date=August 7, 2014 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_football/2898091.stm |title=Gazza scores on China debut |date=March 29, 2003 |access-date=August 7, 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> before returning to [[England]] after falling out with the club,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Simons|first1=Raoul|title=Gazza: I'm feeling a lot better these days|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/gazza-im-feeling-a-lot-better-these-days-6950417.html|publisher=London Evening Standard|access-date=July 27, 2015|date=August 5, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Scott|first1=Matt|title=Gascoigne faces the threat of legal action|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/jun/26/newsstory.sport3|website=Guardian News|access-date=July 27, 2015|date=June 26, 2003}}</ref> as his mental state meant that he had to return to America for treatment against drink and depression.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/270229/chinese-club-hand-gazza-ultimatum |title=Chinese club hand Gazza ultimatum |date=June 21, 2003 |access-date=August 7, 2014 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==
{| class="wikitable" 
! colspan="6" |Map
|-
| colspan="6" |{{Image label begin|image=Administrative_Division_Lanzhou.svg|width=600}}

{{Image label|x=1600|y=1510|scale=414/1800|text=[[Chengguan District, Lanzhou|<span style="font-size:smaller">'''Chengguan'''</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=1480|y=1650|scale=414/1800|text=[[Qilihe District|'''Qilihe''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1150|y=1400|scale=414/1800|text=[[Xigu District|'''Xigu''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1400|y=1450|scale=414/1800|text=[[Anning District|<span style="font-size:smaller">'''Anning'''</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=550|y=1200|scale=414/1800|text=[[Honggu District|'''Honggu''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1300|y=880|scale=414/1800|text=[[Lanzhou New Area|''Lanzhou<br />New Area'']]}}
{{Image label|x=650|y=650|scale=414/1800|text=[[Yongdeng County|'''Yongdeng<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1630|y=1000|scale=414/1800|text=[[Gaolan County|'''Gaolan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2050|y=1600|scale=414/1800|text=[[Yuzhong County|'''Yuzhong<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
|-
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! Population<br />(2010 census)<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2020|title=人口区划|url=http://www.lanzhou.gov.cn/col/col7/index.html|access-date=January 9, 2021|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304102302/http://www.lanzhou.gov.cn/col/col7/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3" |'''City proper'''
|-
|[[Chengguan District, Lanzhou|Chengguan District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|城关区}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Chéngguān Qū}}
|1,278,745
|220
|5,812.47
|-
|[[Qilihe District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|七里河区}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Qīlǐhé Qū}}
|561,020
|397
|1,413.14
|-
|[[Xigu District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|西固区}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Xīgù Qū}}
|364,050
|385
|945.58
|-
|[[Anning District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|安宁区}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Ānníng Qū}}
|288,510
|86
|3,354.76
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3" |'''Suburban'''
|-
|[[Honggu District]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|红古区}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Hónggǔ Qū}}
|136,101
|575
|236.69
|-
|[[Lanzhou New Area]]{{ref label|LZNA|A|A}}
|{{lang|zh-hans|兰州新区}}
|''Lánzhōu Xīnqū''
|100,000
|806
|124
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3" |'''Rural'''
|-
|[[Yongdeng County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|永登县}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Yǒngdēng Xiàn}}
|418,789
|6,090
|68.76
|-
|[[Gaolan County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|皋兰县}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Gāolán Xiàn}}
|131,785
|2,556
|51.55
|-
|[[Yuzhong County]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|榆中县}}
|{{transliteration|zh|Yúzhōng Xiàn}}
|437,163
|3,362
|130.03
|}
{{note label|LZNA|A|A}}On August 20, 2012, Lanzhou New Area was approved by the State Council of China's Central Government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.lanzhou.cn/system/2018/07/05/011593934.shtml|title=Lanzhou New Area|date=5 July 2018|author=安成|access-date=October 11, 2020|archive-date=October 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012034018/http://english.lanzhou.cn/system/2018/07/05/011593934.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, Lanzhou New Area was formally established as a [[county-level division]] of Lanzhou, its area being split off from Yongdeng and Gaolan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=网易|date=2020-09-12|title=兰州新区开始由三镇向六镇拓展|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/FMA54OU305371NWU.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.163.com|archive-date=May 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506171616/https://www.163.com/dy/article/FMA54OU305371NWU.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2019年统计用区划代码|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/62/01/620171.html|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.stats.gov.cn}}</ref> The updated area and population of Yongdeng and Gaolan are not yet reflected in the table.

==Tourism==
[[File:Xiguan Mosque.JPG|thumb|[[Xiguan Mosque]] after a [[Jumu'ah|Friday prayer]]]]

*The '''[[Wuquan Mountain|Five Spring Mountain Park]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|五泉山公园}}), located on the northern side of Gaolan Mountain, is renowned for its five springs and numerous Buddhist temples, featuring many ancient architectural sites.
*[[File:Lanzhou Zhongshan Qiao 2013.12.28 17-26-24.jpg|thumb|'''Zhongshan Bridge''']]The '''[[Zhongshan Bridge]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|中山桥}}) was the first permanent bridge over the [[Yellow River]].
*'''Baita Mountain Park''' ({{lang|zh-hans|白塔山公园}}) was built close to the mountains at an elevation of {{Convert|1700|m}} and opened in 1958 across Zhongshan Bridge.<!--??? meaning? , along the hill, followed by one or two, three buildings, a square card and courts, pavilions pavilions, corridors, a stream of green, green trees, very spectacular.-->
*[[File:Lanzhou Botanical Garden Pond.jpg|thumb|Lanzhou Botanical Garden Pond]]The '''[[Lanzhou Botanical Garden]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|兰州植物园}}), located in the Anning District, has a large variety of trees, flowers and other plants.
*'''[[Xiguan Mosque]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|西关清真寺}}) is one of the larger mosques in China.
*'''[[Xinglong Mountain]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|兴隆山}}) is covered with thick pine forests and scattered with colorful temples.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Xinglong Mountain, Lanzhou, Gansu|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/gansu/lanzhou/xinglong-mountain.htm|website=www.travelchinaguide.com}}</ref>
*'''[[Lutusi ancient government]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|鲁土司衙门旧址}}), a large complex of ancient governmental buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsww.gov.cn/Web_Detail.aspx?id=2659 |script-title=zh:鲁土司衙门旧址|date=March 12, 2012}}</ref>

===Museums===
[[File:甘肃省博物馆.jpg|thumb|Gansu Provincial Museum]]
*'''[[Gansu Provincial Museum]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|甘肃省博物馆}}), displays archaeological and fossil finds from Gansu and exhibitions on Gansu's history.
*'''[[Lanzhou Museum]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|兰州市博物馆}}), is an important cultural unit on the Silk Road. As of October 2017, the collection contains more than 13,000 pieces of collections, including pottery, porcelain, bronze, calligraphy, coins, jade, stoneware, etc. There are 52 national first-class cultural relics, 78 national second-level cultural relics and 682 national third-level cultural relics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lzmuseum.org/info_lianxi.htm |title=兰州市博物馆 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-date=February 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207221250/http://www.lzmuseum.org/info_lianxi.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''[[Gansu Art Museum]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|甘肃艺术馆}}), Providing a broad display and external communication platform for artists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gsysg.orgcc.com/about.html|script-title=zh:我的简介|publisher=甘肃艺术馆|website={{lang|zh|文化艺术网|italics=no}}|trans-title=Introduction}}</ref>
*'''[[Lanzhou City Planning Exhibition Hall]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|兰州市规划展览馆}}), showing the profound Yellow River culture of Lanzhou and integrating indoor exhibition, architectural concept and urban characteristics.<ref>[http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/news/2012-1/31/c_114216595.htm]{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
*'''[[Lanzhou Painted Pottery Museum]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|兰州彩陶博物馆}}), The total number of collections is 250, including 50 precious cultural relics,  it displays the painted pottery civilization represented by the cultural pottery of Majiayao.<ref>http://www.gsww.gov.cn/Web_Detail.aspx?id=8915 {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>
*'''[[Gansu Science and Technology Museum]]''' ({{lang|zh-hans|甘肃科技博物馆}}) sound, light, electricity and other high-tech means will be fully adopted, and the way of teaching and learning will enable visitors to embrace modern science in a pleasant atmosphere.{{efn|sound, light, electricity and other high-tech means will be fully adopted, and the way of teaching and learning will enable visitors to embrace modern science in a pleasant atmosphere.}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/gansu/2015-01/23/content_19370271.htm|title=Gansu completes its first science and technology museum construction|work=[[China Daily]] |date=2015-01-23}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:兰州中心七里河区.jpg|thumb|Lanzhou Center commercial complex]]

Since 1949 Lanzhou has been transformed from the capital of a poverty-stricken province into the center of a major industrial area. It was one of the first cities in China to industrialize, as a focus of the First and Second Five-Year Plans.<ref>{{Cite web|title=兰州市|url=http://www.gansu.gov.cn/gsszf/c100275/202104/110870.shtml|access-date=June 9, 2021|archive-date=June 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609211727/http://www.gansu.gov.cn/gsszf/c100275/202104/110870.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[GDP per capita]] of Lanzhou was 25,566 ([[Renminbi|RMB]]) (US$3,681) in 2008, ranking it at number 134 among 659 Chinese cities.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} In 2015, the GDP per capita had grown to 57,191 RMB (US$9,182.28)<ref name=srssn>{{cite web|url=http://www.srssn.com/ZhengCeGaiGe/527620.html |script-title=zh:2015甘肃各市gdp排名 2015年甘肃各市GDP和人均GDP排名一览表|date=May 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521095105/http://www.southmoney.com/hkstock/ggxinwen/201605/574795.html|archive-date=May 21, 2016 }}</ref> and the city ranked at place 100 for total GDP of Chinese cities.<ref name=tj-xinhuanet>{{cite web |script-title=zh:2015中国城市GDP排名出炉! 第一无悬念|date=January 21, 2016|url=http://www.tj.xinhuanet.com/news/2016-01/21/c_1117847129.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521095508/http://www.tj.xinhuanet.com/news/2016-01/21/c_1117847129.htm|archive-date=May 21, 2016 }}</ref>

===Institutions===
The International Solar Energy Center ([[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]]-ISEC) is located in Lanzhou's Chengguan district.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNIDO-ISEC|url=http://www.unido-isec.org/enabout.asp?tid=143|access-date=July 23, 2015|archive-date=June 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619080912/http://www.unido-isec.org/enabout.asp?tid=143|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:UNIDO-ISEC.jpg|thumb|right|Headquarters of UNIDO-ISEC]]

===Natural resources===
*[[Minerals]]: [[coal]], [[gold]], [[silver]], [[zinc]], [[nickel]], [[manganese]], [[clay]], and [[Dolomite (mineral)|dolomite]]
*[[Hydropower]]

There is a [[thermal generating plant]] supplied with coal from fields in [[Qinghai]]. In addition, there is a [[hydroelectric station]] at Zhulama Gorge in [[Gansu]], and a large multipurpose dam has been built in the Liujia Gorge on the Yellow River above Lanzhou.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asia-planet.net/china/yellow-river-tour.htm#liujiaxia|title=China China Landscape – Yellow River Tour|website=www.asia-planet.net|access-date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042652/http://www.asia-planet.net/china/yellow-river-tour.htm#liujiaxia|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Industry===
Main industries include textile mills, [[rubber]] processing and [[fertilizer]] plants, an [[oil refinery]], [[petrochemical]]s, machinery, and [[Metallurgy|metallurgical]] industry.

Gansu has one of the largest [[oil refineries]] in the country and Lanzhou itself is the center of the province's petrochemical industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnpc.com.cn/cnpc/lzsh/sywq_column.shtml |script-title=zh:兰州石化}}</ref> The refinery is linked to the fields at [[Yumen City|Yumen]] by pipeline. It also manufactures equipment for the [[oil industry]].

Lanzhou has a large [[textile industry]], particularly noted for the production of woolen and leather goods. In addition, Lanzhou produces [[locomotives]] and [[rolling stock]] for the northwestern railways, as well as machine tools and mining equipment. [[Aluminum]] products, industrial chemicals, and fertilizers are produced on a large scale, and there is a large rubber industry. [[Copper]] is mined in nearby [[Gaolan]].

Lanzhou has been one of the centers of China's national [[nuclear power]] industry since the 1960s, when [[Lanzhou uranium enrichment plant]] was completed.<ref>{{cite news|title=The first Western look at the secret H-bomb centre in China|journal=[[The Toronto Star]]|date=August 9, 1969|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|journal=[[The Sunday Times]]|date=June 15, 1969|author=[[Francis James]]}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Lanzhou is the collecting center and market for [[agricultural produce]] and [[livestock]] from a wide area.

*[[Spring wheat]], [[vegetable]]s, [[bean]]s, [[oil-boiling]], [[melon]], [[peach]]es, and [[tobacco]]
*[[Rose]]s and [[lily|lilies]]

==Transportation==
{{Further|Transport in the People's Republic of China}}

===Airport===
{{main|Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport}}
Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport is the main airport serving Lanzhou, it is located {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} north of Lanzhou. It opened for public service in 1970.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://lzcb.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2009/09/28/011289518.shtml |script-title=zh:从"晴通雨阻"到"一日千里" |work=[[:zh:甘肃日报|Gansu Daily]] |date=2009-09-28 |language=zh-cn |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731153842/http://lzcb.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2009/09/28/011289518.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The airport offers direct connections to over 70 international and domestic destinations.

===Railway===
[[File:Lanzhou station 01.jpg|thumbnail|right|Lanzhou Railway Station]]
[[File:Lanzhou West Railway Station 2015.jpg|thumb|Lanzhou West Railway Station]]

====Subway====
{{main|Lanzhou Metro}}
Lanzhou was the second city in [[northwest China]] to announce the construction of a subway line, in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://gansu.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2012/07/10/012585062.shtml|script-title=zh:兰州城市轨道交通工程开工奠基 刘伟平冯健身赵广发欧阳坚出席奠基仪式|work=gansudaily.com.cn|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015233403/http://gansu.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2012/07/10/012585062.shtml|archive-date=October 15, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The urban railway network, [[Lanzhou Metro]], is planned to consist of six subway lines running {{convert|207|km|abbr=on}}. The first line, which is completely underground, opened in June 2019. Lanzhou Metro Line 2 (First-stage project), opened in June 2023. Passengers can transfer between Line 1 and Line 2 at Dongfanghong Square Station and Wulipu Station.<ref name=lanzhou1>{{cite web|url=http://www.lzbs.com.cn/ttnews/2019-06/21/content_4503814.htm|script-title=zh:6月23日兰州轨交1号线试运营|script-work=zh:兰州新闻网|date=2019-06-21|access-date=June 26, 2019|archive-date=June 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621055036/http://www.lzbs.com.cn/ttnews/2019-06/21/content_4503814.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=兰州轨道交通2号线一期开通试运营-新华网 |url=http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/20230629/74fbbe98435840c4a4b7fcc235ca3954/c.html |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=www.gs.xinhuanet.com}}</ref>

====Regional====
[[Lanzhou Railway Station]] is a major railway hub of western China. Every day over 100 passenger trains originate or pass via this station. It is a vital focal point connecting the western provinces with the [[East China|east]]. [[Lanzhou Railway Station]] is located on [[Huochezhan Dong Lu]], in [[Chengguan District, Lanzhou|Chengguan]] district. [[Lanzhou West Railway Station]] is the city's second major railway station, offering connection to high-speed rail services.

Lanzhou Railway Station has the following railway connections:
*[[Longhai Railway]] to the east ([[Xi'an]], [[Zhengzhou]], [[Lianyungang]]), with connection to the main railway of eastern China supporting direct trains to [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], etc. Finished in 1953, it was the first railway to reach Lanzhou.<ref name=LONGHAI>{{cite web |url=http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/jdwt/2011-04/29/content_22649295.htm |script-title=zh:西起陇原东到海，回头已是百年身--陇海铁路传略 |website=[[Xinhua News]] Gansu |date=2011-04-29  |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024006/http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/jdwt/2011-04/29/content_22649295.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Lanxin Railway]] to the west and northwest (with direct trains to western Gansu and [[Ürümqi]], and further connections to other points in [[Xinjiang]] and to [[Kazakhstan]])
* [[Lanqing Railway]] to the west and southwest, with direct service to [[Xining]] and [[Lhasa]]
*[[Chongqing–Lanzhou railway]] to southeast, with direct service to [[Chongqing]] and [[Guangyuan]]
* A line to the north and northeast, with direct service to [[Yinchuan]] and [[Baotou]]
* [[Lanzhou–Zhongchuan Airport Intercity Railway]] between Lanzhou Railway Station and Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122311051251.htm |script-title=zh:敦煌至格尔木和兰州至中川机场铁路开工建设 |website=houchepiao.com |trans-title=Work started on the Dunhuang-Golmud Railway and on the railway from Lanzhou to Zhongchuan Airport |date=2012-12-23 |access-date=July 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105175825/http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/2012122311051251.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Lanhe Railway]] (under construction) to [[Linxia City|Linxia]] and [[Hezuo]].

====High speed rail====
New high-speed passenger-only railways are completed both toward the east (the [[Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway]]), the west (the [[Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway]]) and the north (the [[Yinchuan–Lanzhou high-speed railway]]). These services only stop at [[Lanzhou West Railway Station]].  The [[Sichuan–Qinghai railway]], which is designed for a top speed of {{cvt|200|km/h}} to {{cvt|250|km/h}}, is under construction.

====Freight rail====
Lanzhou forms an important link in one of the routes of the [[Eurasian Land Bridge]] and also provides rail access to [[Qinghai]], [[Xinjiang]] and [[Tibet]] further to the west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinotrans-csc.com/art/2015/7/5/art_12507_166827.html|title="Lanzhou" Central Asia International Freight Train Makes its Maiden Trip from Lanzhou New Area|date=July 5, 2016|quote=Gansu is the strategic channel connecting to the New Eurasia Land Bridge and the transportation hub connecting Southwest China with Northwest China. It is an important portal for China's westward opening-up and the strategic base for sub-regional cooperation. At the same time, it is also a place that express trains for Central Asia and Europe must pass through.|access-date=December 15, 2016|archive-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214626/http://www.sinotrans-csc.com/art/2015/7/5/art_12507_166827.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A large rail freight terminal has recently been constructed to accommodate increasing volumes of rail freight and Lanzhou is home to China's fourth largest [[Classification yard|marshalling yard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gansu.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2012/12/22/013552935.shtml|date=December 22, 2012|script-title=zh:兰州铁路枢纽北编组站正式开通投入运营|access-date=December 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517012614/http://gansu.gansudaily.com.cn/system/2012/12/22/013552935.shtml|archive-date=May 17, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2015-12/31/c_1117641224.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231090221/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2015-12/31/c_1117641224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 31, 2015 |script-title=zh:甘肃兰州东川铁路物流中心正式通车运行|date=December 31, 2012}}</ref>

Regular freight services connect Lanzhou to destinations including [[Chongqing]], [[Hamburg]], [[Almaty]] and [[Kathmandu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2016-11/01/content_27239067.htm|title=Regular China-South Asia freight train officially launched|date=November 1, 2016}}</ref>

===Road network===
In 2016, Lanzhou was ranked 4th of Chinese cities with the worst rush hour traffic jams;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://china.org.cn/top10/2016-11/25/content_39707884_6.htm|title=Top 10 Chinese cities with the worst jam|date=November 25, 2016}}</ref> however, by 2017, after completion of an urban ring road, it dropped to 33rd place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lanzhou.china.org.cn/2017-11/01/content_41829372.htm|title=Traffic jam in Lanzhou greatly alleviated|website=lanzhou.china.org.cn}}</ref>

====Highways====
*[[G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway]]
*[[G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway]]
*[[G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway]]
*[[G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway]]
*[[G2201 Lanzhou Ring Expressway]]
*[[China National Highway 212]]
*[[China National Highway 213]]
*[[China National Highway 312]]

===Bus services===
[[File:B055 at Institute of Political Science and Law (20171004183450).jpg|thumb|Lanzhou BRT]]
For long-distance buses, there are three major bus stations in the urban area, West Bus Station<ref>keyunzhan.com/jieshao-9314/</ref> in Xiaoxihu neighbourhood, East Bus Station<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keyunzhan.com/sr-666/|title=兰州汽车东站时刻表查询&#124;兰州汽车东站长途汽车时刻表查询 - 长途客运时刻查询|website=www.keyunzhan.com|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109193458/https://www.keyunzhan.com/sr-666/|url-status=dead}}</ref> near [[Lanzhou Station]] and South Bus Station<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keyunzhan.com/jieshao-1925/|title=兰州汽车南站介绍&#124;兰州汽车南站介绍 - 长途客运时刻查询|website=www.keyunzhan.com|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109193458/https://www.keyunzhan.com/jieshao-1925/|url-status=dead}}</ref> near [[G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway]] terminus. Furthermore, there are a total of 132 local city bus lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lzbus.com/www/BusLineSearchResult.asp?page=1|script-title=zh:线路查询{{pipe}}兰州公交集团-官方网站|website=www.lzbus.com|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-date=September 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919010522/http://www.lzbus.com/www/BusLineSearchResult.asp?page=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> These have their main node station at Xiguan.

Lanzhou has a noted [[Lanzhou BRT|bus rapid transit system]] which opened in 2013 and won the city an honorable mention at the [[Sustainable Transport Award|2014 Sustainable Transport Awards]].<ref>[https://go.itdp.org/display/live/Buenos+Aires,+Argentina+Wins+2014+Sustainable+Transport+Award Buenos Aires, Argentina Wins 2014 Sustainable Transport Award] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901222308/https://go.itdp.org/display/live/Buenos+Aires,+Argentina+Wins+2014+Sustainable+Transport+Award |date=September 1, 2014 }}, Institute for Transportation and Development Policy</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/lanzhou.aspx|title=Lanzhou BRT|access-date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211063759/http://www.chinabrt.org/en/cities/lanzhou.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Media==
*[[Gansu People's Press]], in Lanzhou, publishes ''[[Duzhe]]'', the most widely circulated magazine in China.
*[[Lanzhou Radio]] serves the [[Lhasa]] and Lanzhou province regions with news and music.
*''[[Gansu Daily]]'', newspaper for Gansu Province, has its editorial offices in Lanzhou.

==Culture==
[[File:兰州牛肉面.jpg|thumb|[[Lanzhou beef noodles]]]]

The city is the cultural centre of [[Gansu]]. It is home to many different ethnic groups and their respective cultures, but the most prominent three groups are the [[Han Chinese|Han]], [[Hui people|Hui]], and [[Tibetan people|Zang]].

*[[Chinese opera]]: [[Qinqiang]] Opera
*[[Chinese Islamic cuisine|Cuisine]]: [[Lanzhou beef noodles]] are well known throughout China. The city of Lanzhou is home to over 1,000 beef noodle restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2012-11/16/content_15935952.htm|title=Rolling on a river|date=November 16, 2012}}</ref> The root of the lily, and many different kinds of [[mutton]] are important elements of Lanzhou's food culture. 
*[[File:Night View of the Xiguan Mosque (In the square).jpg|thumb|'''Xiguan Mosque''']][[Islam in China]]: [[Xiguan Mosque]], the mosque was constructed in the [[Ming dynasty]] and rebuilt in 1990. It occupies an area of {{convert|467|m2|sqft|lk=out|abbr=off}} and is one of the most influential mosques in China. The architecture of the mosque predominantly reflects that of [[Arab architecture]].<ref>[http://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/Xiguan-Mosque-61.html Xiguan Mosque] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727190200/https://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/Xiguan-Mosque-61.html |date=July 27, 2021 }} from Muslim2China</ref>
* The city is the seat of a currently vacant [[Roman Catholic]] [[diocese]]<ref>{{Catholic-hierarchy|diocese|dlnch|Archdiocese of Lanzhou [Lanchow]|January 21, 2015}}</ref> and was previously the center of a [[vicariate apostolic]] ([[Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08602c.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Kan-Su|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref>

Many people in Lanzhou believe in [[superstition]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tvetene Malme |first=Erik |date=2014 |title= |script-title=zh:平安神: Mao Zedong as a Deity |url=https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/40804/Master-thesis-KIN4593--Eirik-Tvetene-Malme.pdf?sequence=1 |website=DUO Research Archive |publisher=[[University of Oslo]] |pages=1}}</ref>

==Colleges and universities==
{{Further|List of universities in China}}

Lanzhou is a major center for scientific research and education in [[Northwestern China]] after [[Xi'an]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2025-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> The city is one of the top [[List of cities by scientific output|50 major cities]] in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2025-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> The city is the seat of [[Lanzhou University]], founded in 1909. The National Minorities Institute at Lanzhou and a branch of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] are also located in the city.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://www.lzb.cas.cn/|script-title=zh:中国科学院兰州分院|website=www.lzb.cas.cn|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> In particular, [[Northwest Normal University]] has been the key university at the provincial level, which has prepared over 100,000 teachers in schools across the province Gansu.

===List===
''Note: Institutions without full-time [[bachelor's degree]] programs are not listed.''

====National level====
[[File:Lzu University (126288191).jpeg|thumb|Lanzhou University]]
*[[Lanzhou University]], founded 1909

====Other public institutions====
*[[Qingyang, Gansu|Eastern Gansu University]]
*[[Gansu Agricultural University]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=甘肃农业大学}}), founded 1958 
*[[Gansu University of Chinese Medicine]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=甘肃中医药大学}}), Formerly known as Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it has contributed to Gansu's medical and health undertakings and social development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gszy.edu.cn/|script-title=zh:中医药大学门户首页|publisher=Gansu University of Chinese Medicine|access-date=July 5, 2018|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203042557/https://www.gszy.edu.cn/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[College of Politics and Law, Gansu]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=甘肃政法学院}}), Based in Gansu, radiating to the northwest, facing the country, actively serving local social development and establishment of the legal system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gsli.edu.cn/index.htm|script-title=zh:甘肃政法大学|publisher=College of Politics and Law, Gansu|access-date=July 5, 2018|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721033927/http://www.gsli.edu.cn/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Lanzhou University of Arts and Science]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州文理学院}}), Composed by the merger of Gansu Institute of Education and Gansu Union University in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.luas.edu.cn/article/2.html |title=【学院简介】兰州文理学院 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705150912/http://www.luas.edu.cn/article/2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[College of Technology, Lanzhou]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州工业学院}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lzit.edu.cn/|script-title=zh:兰州工业学院|publisher=宏点网络网站管理系统|website=www.lzit.edu.cn|access-date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=November 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124211745/https://www.lzit.edu.cn/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Lanzhou City College]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州城市学院}}), founded 1958<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lzcu.edu.cn/|script-title=zh:兰州城市学院|publisher=Lanzhou City College|access-date=May 9, 2020|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216232954/http://lzcu.edu.cn/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州财经大学}}), The only financial and economic university in the three provinces of Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lzufe.edu.cn/|script-title=zh:兰州财经大学——Welcome to Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics!|publisher=Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics|access-date=July 5, 2018|archive-date=December 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203031800/https://www.lzufe.edu.cn/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Lanzhou Jiaotong University]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州交通大学}}), founded 1958
*[[Lanzhou Medical College]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州医学院}}) ([[Lanzhou Medical Institute]]) incorporated into Lanzhou University
*Lanzhou Niuroumian (Noodle with beef soup) Cultural Research Institute ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州牛肉面文化研究所}})
*[[Lanzhou University of Technology]], ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=兰州理工大学}}), founded 1919 (formerly Gansu University of Technology)
*[[Northwest University for Nationalities]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=西北民族大学}})
*[[Northwest Normal University]] ({{lang-zh|labels=no|s=西北师范大学}}), founded 1902

==Healthcare==
* People's Hospital of Gansu
* Second People's Hospital of Gansu (see [[Borden Memorial Hospital]], predecessor)
* Third People's Hospital of Gansu
* First People's Hospital of Lanzhou
* Second People's Hospital of Lanzhou
* Lanzhou University First Hospital
* Lanzhou University Second Hospital
* General Military Hospital
* Lanzhou Military Hospital
* [[Lanzhou Heavy Ion Cancer Treatment Center]], joint venture by Sheng De Group, the city government and [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]' Institution of Modern Physics
* Gansu Tumor Hospital

==Sister cities==
* [[Albuquerque]], {{US}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sister-cities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Albuquerque,%20New%20Mexico/Lanzhou,%20China |title=Albuquerque, New Mexico & Lanzhou, China |website=Sister Cities International |access-date=May 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082452/http://sister-cities.org/interactive-map/relationship/Albuquerque,%20New%20Mexico/Lanzhou,%20China |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Akita, Akita|Akita]], {{JPN}} (friendship city)<ref>{{cite web|title=Heart crosses over the ocean|url=http://www.city.akita.akita.jp/en/city-profile/3koryu/yuko.htm|publisher=Akita City , Akita , Japan|access-date=July 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222020/http://www.city.akita.akita.jp/en/city-profile/3koryu/yuko.htm|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ashkhabad]], {{TKM}}<ref name="chinadaily_sister_cities">{{cite web|url=http://gansu.chinadaily.com.cn/2013-10/24/content_17055490.htm|title=List of Gansu's sister cities by 2012|last=付博|website=gansu.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=April 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416061309/http://gansu.chinadaily.com.cn/2013-10/24/content_17055490.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Chorley]], {{ENG}}<ref name="chinadaily_sister_cities"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/zygx/dfjl/t693273.htm|title=Sister City Relationships between China and the United Kingdom|website=www.chinese-embassy.org.uk|access-date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=March 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311154351/http://www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/zygx/dfjl/t693273.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Penza]], {{RUS}}<ref name="chinadaily_sister_cities"/>
* [[Nouakchott]], {{MRT}}<ref name="chinadaily_sister_cities"/>
* [[Young Shire]], {{AUS}}<ref name="chinadaily_sister_cities"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/youngnswcouncil/status/342057745182257152|title=#didyouknow #youngnsw has a sister city in #China – Lanzhou City, when in Young visit the Chinese Tribute Gardenpic.twitter.com/R81TN99ZcT|first=Hilltops|last=Council|date=June 4, 2013|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Hachinohe]], [[Aomori]], {{JPN}} since April 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp/soshikikarasagasu/shiminrenkeisuishinka/kokusaikoryuu/1/4257.html|title=Hachinohe City official home page|work=Sister City: Lanzhou, Gansu, China|language=en|access-date=20 February 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of twin towns and sister cities in China]]
* [[Dunhuang]]
* [[Lanzhousaurus]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{Refbegin}}
* Cheung, Raymond. ''OSPREY AIRCRAFT OF THE ACES 126: Aces of the Republic of China Air Force''. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. {{ISBN|978 14728 05614}}.
* 徐 (Xú), 露梅 (Lùméi). ''隕落 (Fallen): 682位空军英烈的生死档案 - 抗战空军英烈档案大解密 (A Decryption of 682 Air Force Heroes of The War of Resistance-WWII and Their Martyrdom)''. 东城区, 北京， 中国: 团结出版社, 2016. {{ISBN|978-7-5126-4433-5}}.
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180812105154/http://www.lz.gansu.gov.cn/ Lanzhou government website]
*[http://xinxianghotel.com/maps-lanzhou/ Map of Lanzhou ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306064613/http://xinxianghotel.com/maps-lanzhou/ |date=March 6, 2016 }}
*{{Wikivoyage inline}}

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