View source for Law enforcement in China

{{Short description|none}}
{{Politics of China|expanded = Judiciary}}
[[File:Byd e6 police car shenzhen.jpg|thumb|right|A [[BYD e6]] police car]]
'''Law enforcement in the People's Republic of China''' consists of an extensive [[public security]] system and a variety of enforcement procedures. Along with the courts and [[Judicial system of China|procuratorates]], the country's judicial and public security agencies include the [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Ministry of Public Security]] (MPS) and the [[Ministry of State Security (China)|Ministry of State Security]] (MSS), with their descending hierarchy of departments, bureaus ({{zhi|c=局}}, "Jú"), subbureaus ({{zhi|c=副局}}, "Fù jú"), and stations ({{zhi|c=所}}, "Suǒ").

[[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] have separate law enforcement agencies, different legal systems, and are classified as separate jurisdictions under the [[one country, two systems]] framework. However, the [[Hong Kong Police Force]] (HKPF) and [[Public Security Police Force]] often cooperate with the mainland MPS on cases involving cross border crime.

== Overview ==
The national security system is made up of the [[Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Public Security]] (MPS) and the [[Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of State Security]] (MSS), the [[People's Armed Police]] (PAP), the [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA), and the state judicial, procuratorial, and penal systems. The [[Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission]] vets all law enforcement officers and legal officials for political reliability.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 15, 2024 |title=How China stifles dissent without a KGB or Stasi of its own |url=https://www.economist.com/china/2024/02/15/how-china-stifles-dissent-without-a-kgb-or-stasi-of-its-own |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-02-15 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Ministry of Public Security]] (MPS) oversees all domestic police activity in China. The ministry is responsible for police operations and detention centers and has dedicated departments for internal political, economic, and communications security. The [[Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of State Security]] (MSS) was established in 1983 to ensure "the security of the state through effective measures against enemy agents, spies, and counterrevolutionary activities designed to sabotage or overthrow China's socialist system."{{cn|date=December 2024}} The [[Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Justice]] maintains oversees the operation of prisons.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

=== Judicial system ===
{{Excerpt|Judicial system of China|only=paragraph}}

== Key organizations ==

=== Ministry of Public Security ===
{{Excerpt|Ministry of Public Security (China)|only=paragraph}}

=== People's Armed Police ===
[[File:People's Armed Police squad 1.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A People's Armed Police squad in the [[Forbidden City]], Beijing.]]{{Excerpt|People's Armed Police|only=paragraph}}

=== Chengguan ===
{{Excerpt|Chengguan (agency)|only=paragraph|paragraphs=1}}

== Police vehicles ==
Police cars in the mainland are white with a dark blue swoosh painted on the side such as [[BYD e6]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.byd.com/news/news-145.html |title=BYD delivers 500 e6 pure electric police cars to Shenzhen Public Security Bureau |website=BYD |date=January 10, 2013 |access-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221161244/http://www.byd.com/news/news-145.html |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> China does not have a uniform fleet buying program so local departments typically buy from a variety of local dealerships. [[Volkswagen Santana]]s and [[Volkswagen Passat]]s are the most common but other makes and models are present as well.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

[[File:MPS ELW 粤B3052警.jpg|thumb|right|A roadblock operated by Shenzhen Public Security Bureau on G4 motorway. The police vehicle is a [[Ford Transit]]]]
[[File:Police Patrol Car AM6800.JPG|thumb|A [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] police patrol van in [[Hong Kong]].]]
[[File:CPSP MTW ME-06-72@1.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] police patrol van of the [[Public Security Police Force]].]]

== Illegal drug trafficking ==
{{main|Illegal drug trade in China}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[Crime in China]]
* [[Court system of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Law of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China]]
** [[Chinese public security bureau|Public Security Bureau (PSB)]]
* [[People's Armed Police]]
* [[Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Terrorism in the People's Republic of China]]
* [[Custody and repatriation]] 1982 -2003
* [[Secretariat for Security (Macau)]]
* [[Macau Security Force]]
** [[Public Security Police Force]]
* [[Law enforcement in Hong Kong]]
** [[Security Bureau (Hong Kong)]]
*** [[Hong Kong Police Force]]
* [[Judiciary of Hong Kong]]
* [[Department of Justice (Hong Kong)]]
* [[Judiciary of Macau]]
* [[Legal system of Macau]]
* [[Secretary for Justice (Macau)]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Commons category|Law enforcement agencies of the People's Republic of China}}{{refbegin}}
* {{country study |country = China |abbr = cn |section = Government and Politics }}
* Kam C. Wong, Chinese Policing: History and Reform (N.Y.: Peter Lang, 2009)
* Kam C. Wong, Police Reform in China (Taylor and Francis, 2011) 
* Kam C. Wong, Cyberspace Governance in China (Nova Science Publisher, 2011)
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{{China national security}}
{{China prisons}}
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[[Category:Law enforcement in China| ]]