View source for Leibniz University Hannover

{{Short description|Public university in Hannover, Germany}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Leibniz University Hannover
 | native_name            = Leibniz Universität Hannover
 | native_name_lang       = de
 | image_size             = 
 | caption                = 
 | motto                  = Global denken, interdisziplinär forschen: Leibniz leben!<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/de/universitaet/aktuelles/online-aktuell/details/news/leibniz-leben-1/|title=Leibniz leben!|author=Leibniz University Hannover|website=Leibniz University Hannover|date=18 May 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
 | mottoeng               = Global thinking, interdisciplinary research: the spirit of Leibniz!<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/universitaet/aktuelles/online-aktuell/details/news/the-spirit-of-leibniz/|title=The spirit of Leibniz!|author=Leibniz University Hannover|website=Leibniz University Hannover|date=18 May 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref>
 | established            = {{start date and age|1831|5|2|df=yes}}<ref name="GGP" />
 | type                   = [[Public university|Public]]
 | budget                 = {{Euro|614.7M}}<ref name="Zahlen und Fakten">{{cite web |url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/universitaet/profil/zahlen |title=Zahlen und Fakten |language=de |website=Leibniz University Hannover |access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref>
 | chancellor             = 
 | president              = {{ill|Volker Epping|de}}
 | academic_staff         = 3,438<ref name="Zahlen und Fakten" />
 | administrative_staff   = 1,838<ref name="Zahlen und Fakten" />
 | students               = 27,229<ref name="Zahlen und Fakten" />
 | undergrad              = 
 | postgrad               = 
 | doctoral               = 
 | city                   = [[Hanover]]
 | state                  = [[Lower Saxony]]
 | country                = Germany
 | coordinates            = {{coord|52.3822|N|9.7178|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
 | mapframe-zoom          = 11
 | campus                 = 
 | former_names           = {{plainlist|
* Höhere Gewerbeschule (1831)
* Polytechnische Schule (1847)
* Königliche Technische Hochschule (1879)<!-- Royal Technical College -->
* Technische Hochschule Hannover (1921)<!-- Technical College/University of Hannover -->
* Technische Universität Hannover (1968)
* University of Hannover (1978)<ref name="GGP">{{cite book |title=History, Buildings and People |year=2016 |location=Hanover |publisher=Leibniz University Hannover |url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/luh/content/webredaktion/universitaet/publikationen/personen-und-gebaeude/geschichtsbroschuere_en.pdf |access-date=2024-07-04}}</ref><ref name="Weg"/><ref name="Dates">{{cite web |title=Key Events in the History of the University |url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/universitaet/profil/geschichte/stichworte/ |website=Leibniz Universität Hannover |access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref>
}}
 | website                = {{URL|https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/|uni-hannover.de}}
 | image_name             = Leibniz-Universität Hannover.png
 | coor                   = 
 | colors                 = 
 | affiliations           = {{hlist
|[[TU9]]
|[[Top Industrial Managers for Europe|TIME]]
|[[CESAER Association]]
}}
}}
[[File:Universitaet Hannover Hauptgebäude.JPG|thumb|The [[Welfenschloss]] palace, the main building of Leibniz University Hannover; designed by [[Christian Heinrich Tramm]]]]
'''Leibniz University Hannover''' ({{langx|de|link=no|Leibniz Universität Hannover}}), also known as the '''University of Hannover''', is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] located in [[Hanover]], Germany. Founded on 2 May 1831 as Higher Vocational School, the university has undergone six periods of renaming, its most recent in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leibniz Universität Hannover |url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/universitaet/profil/geschichte/chronik/leibniz-universitaet-hannover |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Leibniz Universität Hannover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Hannover – U.S. News & World Report |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-hannover-503676 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221117002444/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-hannover-503676 |archive-date=17 November 2022 |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>

Leibniz University Hannover is a member of [[TU9]], an association of the nine leading [[Institute of Technology|Institutes of Technology]] in Germany. It is also a member of the [[Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research]], a non-profit association of leading engineering universities in Europe. The university sponsors the [[German National Library of Science and Technology]], the largest science and technology library in the world.<ref name="TIBprofile">Profile of the TIB at Leibniz University Hannover [http://www.tib.uni-hannover.de/en/tibub/about-us/library-profile.html online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423115718/http://www.tib.uni-hannover.de/en/tibub/about-us/library-profile.html |date=23 April 2012 }} (English) retrieved 26 May 2012</ref>

== History ==
[[Image:Hannover Welfenschloss (um 1895).jpg|thumb|The {{lang|de|Königliche Technische Hochschule}}, around 1900]]
The roots of the university begin in the Higher Vocational College/Polytechnic Institute ({{lang|de|Höhere Gewerbeschule/Polytechnische Schule}}), founded on 2 May 1831.<ref name="GGP"/> In 1879 the Higher Vocational School moved into the historic [[Welfenschloss|Guelph palace]] ({{lang|de|Welfenschloss}}), which was specially converted for the purpose. 

On 1 April 1879, the Higher Vocational School became the Royal College of Technology ({{lang|de|Königliche Technische Hochschule|italics=unset}}).<ref name="Weg">{{cite web |title=Auf dem Weg zur Technischen Hochschule |url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/de/universitaet/profil/geschichte/chronik/auf-dem-weg/ |website=Auf dem Weg zur Technischen Hochschule |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> In 1899 [[Kaiser Wilhelm II]] granted the College of Technology a status equal to that of universities and the right to confer doctorates. The college was reconstructed in 1921 with the financial support of the College Patrons' Association. As of 1 July 1922, there were three faculties: Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.<ref name="GGP" />

In 1968 the Faculty of Humanities and Political Science were founded and the {{langr|de|Technische Hochschule}} ('Technical College' or 'Technical University') became the {{langr|de|Technische Universität Hannover}} ('Technical University Hannover'). 

Between 1973 and 1980 the faculties of Law, Business and Economics, and the formerly independent Teachers Training College were added to the university and in 1978 the {{langr|de|Technische Universität Hannover}} was renamed {{langr|de|Universität Hannover}} ('University of Hannover'). Student numbers exceeded 30,000 for the first time in 1991. 

On the 175th anniversary of the institution in 2006, the 'University of Hannover' was given the name {{langr|de|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover}}, or {{langr|de|Leibniz Universität Hannover}} for short. While 64 students first attended the Vocational School, today the university has around 27,200 students, more than 3,400 academics and scientists, and 160 departments and institutes.<ref name ="Zahlenspiegel 2023" />{{Failed verification |date=November 2024}}

== Namesake ==
[[File:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg|thumb|[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]]]
The Senate of the university voted in April 2006 to rename the University of Hannover to {{lang|de|Leibniz Universität Hannover}}. Following agreement by the Leibniz Academy on the use of the name, the {{lang|de|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover}} received its name on the 360th anniversary of [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]'s birth. The brand of the university is {{lang|de|Leibniz Universität Hannover}}.

The old logo of the university was inspired by the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. The current logo, adopted in 2008, is a stylised excerpt from a letter to Duke Rudolf August of Wolfenbüttel, in which Leibniz presented [[binary numbers]] for the first time.<ref name="Logo">{{cite web|author=uni-hannover.de|url=http://www.uni-hannover.de/de/aktuell/online-aktuell/news/04921/|title=Neues Corporate Design der Leibniz Universität Hannover entsteht|access-date=27 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403021755/http://www.uni-hannover.de/de/aktuell/online-aktuell/news/04921/|archive-date=3 April 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Faculties and staff ==
Nine faculties with more than 190 first-degree full-time and part-time degree courses make the university the second-largest institution of higher education in [[Lower Saxony]]. The university staff comprises 3438 research and teaching staff, of whom 357 are professors. It has 1838 additional employees in administrative functions, 58 apprentices and some 1900 staff funded by third parties.<ref name="Zahlenspiegel 2023">{{cite report |title=Zahlenspiegel 2023 |year=2023 |series=Berichte der Leibnitz Universität Hannover |number=23 |publisher=Leibnitz Universität Hannover |language=de
|url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/fileadmin/luh/content/planung_controlling/statistik/zahlenspiegel/luh_zahlenspiegel_2023.pdf |issn=1869-1226 |access-date=2024-11-09}}</ref>

* Faculty of Architecture and [[Landscape Sciences]]
* Faculty of Civil Engineering and [[Geodetic Science]]
* Faculty of Economics and Management
* Faculty of [[Electrical Engineering]] and [[Computer Science]]
* Faculty of [[Humanities]]
* Faculty of Law
* Faculty of Mathematics and [[Physics]]
* Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
* Faculty of [[Natural Sciences]]
* QUEST Leibniz Research School
* Leibniz School of Education<ref name="Faculties">{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-hannover.de/en/universitaet/fakultaeten/|title=Leibniz University Hannover Faculties|author=Leibniz University Hannover|website=Leibniz University Hannover|access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref>
* Leibniz School of Optics and Photonics<ref name="Faculties" />

== Facilities ==
[[File:Office building Leibniz Universitaet Hannover Conti-Campus Koenigsworther Platz Mitte Hannover Germany 03.jpg|thumb|The Conti-Tower on the {{langr|de|Königsworther Platz}}, home to the law, economics and linguistics faculties]]
The campus of the university is spread over 160 buildings occupying {{convert|322,700|m2|acre}} of floor space.<ref name="Mitarbeiter und Etat">uni-hannover.de: [http://www.uni-hannover.de/de/universitaet/zahlen/stichworte/ Die Leibniz Universität Hannover in Stichworten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805060311/http://www.uni-hannover.de/de/universitaet/zahlen/stichworte/ |date=5 August 2016 }}; retrieved, 18 December 2014</ref> The university also houses the [[Einstein-Elevator]], a zero gravity research facility.<ref name="Raudonis-2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Raudonis |first1=Matthias |last2=Roura |first2=Albert |last3=Meister |first3=Matthias |last4=Lotz |first4=Christoph |last5=Overmeyer |first5=Ludger |last6=Herrmann |first6=Sven |last7=Gierse |first7=Andreas |last8=Lämmerzahl |first8=Claus |last9=Bigelow |first9=Nicholas P |last10=Lachmann |first10=Maike |last11=Piest |first11=Baptist |last12=Gaaloul |first12=Naceur |last13=Rasel |first13=Ernst M |last14=Schubert |first14=Christian |last15=Herr |first15=Waldemar |date=2023-08-10 |title=Microgravity facilities for cold atom experiments |url= |journal=Quantum Science and Technology |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=044001 |bibcode=2023QS&T....8d4001R |doi=10.1088/2058-9565/ace1a3 |issn=2058-9565}}</ref>

== Budget ==
The university's overall budget was approximately {{Euro|441.8M}} in 2013, broken down as follows:<ref name="Mitarbeiter und Etat"/>
* Income of {{Euro|222.6M}} according to the annual report
* External funding amounting to {{Euro|101.8M}}
* Special funds from the State of [[Lower Saxony]] amounting to {{Euro|58.3M}}
* {{Euro|42.3M}} from other income
* {{Euro|16.8M}} from student contributions

==Rankings==
{{Infobox Germany university rankings
| QS = 481
| QS_N = 30
| QS_year = 2024
| QS_ref = <ref name="QS">{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2024|title=QS World University Rankings 2024|access-date=16 July 2023|website=[[QS World University Rankings]]}}</ref>
| THE = 351–400
| THE_N = 34–36
| THE_year = 2024
| THE_ref = <ref name="THE">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking|title=World University Rankings 2024|access-date=27 September 2023|website=[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]|date=27 September 2023 }}</ref>
| ARWU = 501-600
| ARWU_N = 32-36
| ARWU_year = 2023
| ARWU_ref = <ref name="ARWU">{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023|title=2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities|website=[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]|access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref>
}}
As per the [[QS World University Rankings|QS World]] 2024, the university is placed 481st globally and holds the 30th position nationally.<ref name="QS"/> In the [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|THE World]] 2024 rankings, the university is placed within the 351–400 range globally, and holds a national rank within the 34–36 range.<ref name="THE"/> According to the [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU World]] 2022, the university's global position is within the 501–600 range, while nationally it ranks between 32nd and 36th.<ref name="ARWU"/>

Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, Leibniz University Hannover ranked 7th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.charly.education/presse/dax-karriere|title=An diesen Unis haben die DAX-Vorstände studiert {{!}} charly.education|website=www.charly.education|language=de|access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>

Leibniz University Hannover ranked 34th place worldwide in the THE Impact Rankings 2023{{snd}}SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2023/clean-water-and-sanitation|title=THE Impact Rankings 2023, SDG 6: Leibniz University Hannover|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|date=15 June 2023}}</ref> and between 101–200 in the SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/impact/2023/affordable-and-clean-energy|title=THE Impact Rankings 2023, SDG 7: Leibniz University Hannover|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|date=15 June 2023}}</ref> rankings.

== University library and TIB ==
[[File:German National Library of Science and Technology TIB university library Hannover UB Am Welfengarten 1b Nordstadt Hannover Germany 04.jpg|thumb|The German National Library of Science and Technology in {{langr|de|Welfengarten}}]]
{{Main|German National Library of Science and Technology}}
The library was established on the founding of the {{lang|de|Höhere Gewerbeschule/Polytechnische Schule}} in 1831. It expanded into an important collection as the institution evolved from a vocational/technical college into the full University. The removal of the books into storage during the [[World War II|Second World War]] secured valuable old stocks that became a unique national collection of scientific and technical literature in postwar Germany. This was the basis on which the library of the Institute of Technology ({{lang|de|Technische Informationsbibliothek}}) was established in 1959. Today the collection forms the heart of the [[German National Library of Science and Technology]], which is the largest institution of its kind in the world.<ref name = TIBprofile/>

== GISMA School of Business ==
[[GISMA Business School]] in Hannover, Germany, was launched in 1999 as a joint initiative by the state of Lower Saxony and visionary private-sector enterprises. The school was closely affiliated with the [[Krannert School of Management]] at Purdue University (Indiana, USA) until 2011 when the Leibniz University Hannover briefly became its parent. In 2013 the association with Leibniz ended, and GISMA became part the for-profit education company [[Global University Systems]].

== Notable people ==

=== Faculty ===

* [[Friedrich Bergius]] (1884–1949), chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1931)
* [[Helmut Bley]] (born 1935), German historian, professor
* [[Constantin Carathéodory]] (1873–1950), mathematician, professor
* [[Lothar Collatz]] (1910-1990), chair in applied mathematics at the technical university of Hanover (1943-1952)
* [[Horst Dreier]] (born 1954), lawyer
* [[Gerhard Ertl]] (born 1936), physicist and chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (2007)
* [[J. Hans D. Jensen]] (1907–1973), German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1963)
* [[Wilhelm Jordan (geodesist)|Wilhelm Jordan]], (1842–1899), professor of geodesy and practical geometry, known for the [[Gaussian elimination|Gauss-Jordan Elimination]]
* [[Karl Karmarsch]] (1803–1879), engineer, educationalist
* [[Theodor Lessing]] (1872–1933), philosopher
* [[Herbert Lindinger]] (born 1933), industrial designer
* [[Konrad Meyer]] (1901–1973), [[SS-Oberführer]] and an architect of [[Generalplan Ost]] for the Germanization of Eastern Europe. Later served as a professor of agriculture and regional planning at the University of Hanover <ref name="nuremberg119">The Nuremberg Medical Trial 1946/47 – Guide to the Microfiche Edition: With an Introduction to the Trial's History by Angelika Ebbinghaus and Short Biographies of the Participants, 2001, Walter de Gruyter, {{ISBN|3110950073}}, p. 119</ref>
* [[Oskar Negt]] (1934–2024), social philosopher
* [[Werner Osenberg]] (1900–1974), materials scientist
* [[Eduard Pestel]] (1914–1988), engineer and politician
* [[Ludwig Prandtl]] (1875–1953), physicist and engineer in fluid- and aerodynamics, professor.
* [[Markus Raffel]] (born 1962), engineer in fluid- and aerodynamics, professor.
* Friedrich Schwerd (1872–1953), professor for machinery and operations research, inventor of the WW I. German army [[Stahlhelm]]
* [[Fritz Sennheiser]], (1912–2010), electronics engineer, entrepreneur: Honorary professorship.
* [[Klaus Töpfer]] (born 1938), German politician ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]])

=== Alumni ===
* [[Carl F. W. Borgward]] (1890–1963), entrepreneur, car manufacturer, engineer, non-graduate guest auditor.<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 December 1960|title=Der Bastler|language=de|work=Der Spiegel|url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/der-bastler-a-541b66b2-0002-0001-0000-000043067968|access-date=12 February 2023|issn=2195-1349}}</ref>
* [[Walter Bruch]] (1908–1990), electronics and television engineer, honorary doctorate.
* [[Alfred Bucherer]] (1863–1927), physicist
* [[Wilhelm Busch]] (1832–1908), poet and artist
* [[:nl:Rento Hofstede Crull|Rento Hofstede Crull]] (1863–1938), electrical pioneer 
* [[Gustav Doetsch]] (1892–1977), German mathematician gained his [[Habilitation]] here
* [[Luise Druke]] (born 1948), German scholar and United Nations practitioner
* [[Irmgard Flügge-Lotz]] (1903–1974), German-American mathematician and engineer
* [[Henrich Focke]] (1890–1979), German aviation pioneer 
* [[Erich Gutenberg]] (1897–1984), German economist.
* [[Maximilian Emil Hehl]] (1861–1916), German Architect who emigrated to [[Brazil]] and designed the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] [[São Paulo Cathedral]]
* [[Pascual Jordan]] (1902–1980), theoretical and mathematical physicist, politician ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]])
* [[Wolfgang Jüttner]] (born 1948), German politician ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]])
* [[Carola Lentz]] (born 1954), German social anthropologist 
* [[David McAllister]] (born 1971), German politician ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]])
* [[Christian Otto Mohr]] (1835–1918), civil and structural engineer
* [[Carl Adam Petri]] (1926–2010), mathematician, logician and computer scientist
* Frank Pohlmann (born 1959), American politician and businessman
* [[Reinhold Rudenberg]] (1883–1961), Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the [[Harvard]] Graduate School of Engineering, inventor of i.e. carrier current communications
* [[Sebastian Reiche|B.Sebastian Reiche]] (born 1973), social scientist and professor at [[IESE Business School]].

== Panorama ==
{{Panorama
|image   = Universität Hannover - Hauptgebäude - B.jpg
|height  = 200px
|width   = 
|alt     = Leibniz University Hannover (main building). On the right the International Office: a facility to contact for advice and guidance connected with international matters
|caption = Leibniz University Hannover (main building). On the right the International Office: a facility to contact for advice and guidance connected with international matters
|dir     = 
|align   =center
}}

== See also ==
* [[Welfenschloss Stables]]
* [[German National Library of Science and Technology]]
* [[List of universities in Germany]]
* [[List of colleges and universities]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Universität Hannover}}
* {{official website}}
* [https://www.leibniz-alliance-hannover.de/en/ Leibniz Alliance Hannover] (LEAH)

{{Universities in Germany}}
{{TU9}}
{{Top Industrial Managers for Europe}}
{{CESAER}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hannover}}
[[Category:Leibniz University Hannover| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:Technische Universitäten in Germany]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1831]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hanover]]
[[Category:Establishments in the Kingdom of Hanover]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hanover]]
[[Category:1831 establishments in the German Confederation]]