View source for Lewis Burwell Puller Jr.

{{short description|US Marine Corps and Attorney (1945-1994)}}
{{For|his father, Lewis Burwell Puller (1898–1971), a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general|Chesty Puller}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          = Lewis Burwell Puller Jr.
| image         = Lewis Burwell Puller Jr.jpeg
| caption       = Puller in the 1980s
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1945|8|18}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1994|05|11|1945|8|18}}
| birth_place   = [[Camp Lejeune, North Carolina]], US
| death_place   = [[Mount Vernon, Virginia]], US
| placeofburial = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| module        = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance    = United States
| branch        = United States Marine Corps
| serviceyears  = 1967–1968
| rank          = [[First lieutenant]]
| battles       = [[Vietnam War]]
| awards        = [[Silver Star]]<br />[[Purple Heart]] (2)<br />[[Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal]] w/ [["V" Device]]<br />[[Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam)|Vietnam Cross of Gallantry]]}}
| spouse        = [[Toddy Puller]]
| relations     = [[Chesty Puller]] (father) [[William H. Dabney]] (brother-in-law)
| laterwork     = Author, Attorney<br /> B.A. [[College of William and Mary]] J.D. [[Marshall-Wythe Law School]] [[College of William and Mary]]
}}

'''Lewis Burwell Puller Jr.''' (August 18, 1945 – May 11, 1994) was an attorney and a [[United States Marine Corps]] officer who was severely wounded in the [[Vietnam War]]. He won the 1992 [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography]] for his autobiography ''Fortunate Son''.<ref name=pulitzer>
[https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/lewis-b-puller "Biography or Autobiography"]. The Pulitzer Prizes.</ref>

==Life and career==
Lewis Burwell Puller Jr. was the son of Lt. General [[Chesty Puller|Lewis "Chesty" Puller]], the most decorated Marine in the history of the U.S. Marine Corps. He followed in his father's footsteps and became a Marine officer.

Puller graduated from the [[Christchurch School]], in [[Christchurch, Virginia]], in 1963 and from the [[College of William and Mary]] in 1967.<ref name="Neven2011">{{cite book|last=Neven|first=Tom|title=On the Frontline: A Personal Guidebook for the Physical, Emotional, and Spiritual Challenges of Mi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5IGo487YesoC&pg=PA55|year=2011|publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0-307-49959-2|pages=55–57}}</ref> After his graduation from Officer Candidate School, he received orders to [[Vietnam War|South Vietnam]] in July 1968, where he served as an Infantry Platoon Leader for three months in [[1st Marine Division]]. On October 11, 1968, his rifle jammed during an engagement with North Vietnamese troops; Puller was wounded when he tripped a booby-trapped howitzer round, losing his right leg at the hip, his left leg to above the knee, his left hand and most of his fingers on his right hand in the explosion.<ref name="Neven2011"/>

The shell riddled his body with shrapnel, and he lingered near death for days with his weight dropping to 55 pounds, but he survived. Puller later recalled the first time his father saw him in the hospital. He described how his father broke down weeping and that hurt him more than any of his physical injuries. Those who knew him say that it was primarily because of his iron will and his stubborn refusal to die that he survived. He was medically discharged from the Marine Corps. He was awarded the [[Silver Star Medal]], the [[Commendation Medal|Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal]], two [[Purple Heart Medal]]s, and the [[Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)|Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross]] for his service in the Marine Corps.<ref name=puller>Puller, Lewis B. Jr. (1991). ''Fortunate Son: The Healing of a Vietnam Vet''. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. {{ISBN|0-8021-1218-8}}.</ref>

For years after he returned to a reasonably sound physical condition, he remained emotionally shaken, though he earned a [[Juris Doctor]] degree, had two children with the woman he had married before going to Vietnam, and raised a family. He was admitted to the Virginia Bar in 1974 and began working as a lawyer for the [[Veteran's Administration]] and on President [[Gerald Ford]]'s clemency board.<ref name="FischerFischer2002">{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=Heinz Dietrich|last2=Fischer|first2=Erika J.|title=Complete Biographical Encyclopedia of Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1917–2000: Journalists, Writers and Composers on Their Ways to the Coveted Awards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2o4Ywn4LJwC&pg=PA193|year=2002|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-598-30186-5|page=193}}</ref> He mounted a campaign for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1978 as a Democrat in Virginia but lost in a landslide with only 28% of the vote against incumbent Republican Congressman [[Paul Trible]].<ref name="FischerFischer2002"/> Throughout the years, he battled periods of despondency and drank heavily until 1981, when he underwent treatment for alcoholism. Despite that treatment, Puller continued to suffer severe [[depression (mood)|depression]] and occasional bouts of [[alcoholism]].
{{external media| float = right| video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?26188-1/fortunate-son-autobiography ''Booknotes'' interview with Puller on ''Fortunate Son'', May 24, 1991], [[C-SPAN]]}}
Puller told the story of his ordeal and its aftermath in his 1991 autobiography, ''Fortunate Son: The Autobiography of Lewis B. Puller Jr.'', published by [[Grove Press]].<ref name=LCC>{{LCCN|91004463}} "Fortunate Son: the autobiography of Lewis B. Puller Jr."]. Evidently the book was entered for the Pulitzer Prize with a different subtitle, ''The Healing of a Vietnam Vet''.</ref>
The account ended with Puller triumphing over his physical disabilities and becoming emotionally at peace with himself. The following year he won the 1992 [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography]].<ref name=pulitzer/> The title of this autobiography was borrowed from the song "[[Fortunate Son (song)|Fortunate Son]]" by [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]], to which he gives credit in the opening pages.<ref name=puller/>

According to friends and associates, Puller spent the last months of his life in turmoil. He left his job as a lawyer at the Pentagon to accept a teaching position at [[George Mason University]].<ref name="Seinfelt1999">{{cite book|last=Seinfelt|first=Mark|title=Final Drafts: Suicides of World-Famous Authors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fz1OkksniDAC&pg=PA421|year=1999|publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers|isbn=978-1-61592-664-0|page=421}}</ref> In the days leading up to his death, Puller fought a losing battle with the alcoholism that he had kept at bay for 13 years, and struggled with a more recent addiction, to painkillers initially prescribed to dull continuing pain from his wounds.<ref name="Neven2011"/>

==Death and aftermath==

[[File:ANCExplorer Lewis Burwell Puller Jr. grave.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Grave at Arlington National Cemetery]]
Puller died from a self-inflicted gunshot on May 11, 1994. He was survived by his wife, [[Toddy Puller|Linda T. "Toddy" Puller]], from whom he had separated in 1991.<ref name="Ryan2008">{{cite book|last=Ryan|first=Maureen|title=The Other Side of Grief: The Home Front and the Aftermath in American Narratives of the Vietnam War|url=https://archive.org/details/othersideofgrief0000ryan/mode/2up|year=2008|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-55849-686-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/othersideofgrief0000ryan/page/32/mode/2up 32]}}</ref> Puller's survivors included his two children, Lewis III and Maggie; his twin sister, Martha Downs; and sister, Virginia Dabney.

Puller's name is not listed on the [[Vietnam Veterans Memorial]], which is reserved for those who died or who are listed as [[missing in action]]. However, his name is listed on the nearby [[Vietnam Veterans Memorial#In Memory memorial plaque|In Memory Memorial Plaque]], which represents those veterans, like Puller, who "died after their service in the Vietnam war, but as a direct result of that service, and whose names are not otherwise eligible for placement on the memorial wall."<ref name="USPL">{{USPL|106|214}}</ref>

[[Terry A. Anderson|Terry Anderson]], a former [[Associated Press]] journalist, who was held [[hostage]] in [[Lebanon]], recalled the same hope he had had for his friend, Puller. "This is a man who had so many burdens, so many things to bear. And he bore them well for 25 years," he said. "What did I miss?" Anderson asked. "I was his friend. I thought he was winning".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Leatherneck|year=1997|publisher=Marine Corps Institute}}</ref>

[[Kiều Chinh]], an actress who was a refugee after the [[fall of Saigon]] and who worked with Puller on his last project, an effort to build a school in [[Quảng Trị]], said: "Lewis Puller never stop fighting the war of healing... to heal not only his own wounds but the common wounds of the two nations."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/14/us/suicide-of-a-veteran-amid-pain-and-fame.html |title= Suicide of a Veteran, Amid Pain and Fame |first= Catherine |last= S. Manegold |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= May 14, 1994 |access-date= January 8, 2024 |archive-date= January 8, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240108022434/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/14/us/suicide-of-a-veteran-amid-pain-and-fame.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In a statement, Puller's wife, Toddy said, "Our family has been moved and humbled by the outpouring of affection for Lewis. The many acts of kindness from our friends across the country have helped us in this very difficult time. It is clear that Lewis affected the lives of people in ways that we never knew."  Of her deceased husband, she said, "To the list of names of victims of the Vietnam War, add the name of Lewis Puller&nbsp;... He suffered terrible wounds that never really healed".<ref name="Seinfelt1999"/> In 1991, she was elected to the [[Virginia House of Delegates]].<ref name="Burgheim1995">{{cite book|last=Burgheim|first=Richard E.|title=People weekly yearbook: the year in review, 1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oMG8yaxqV8C|year=1995|publisher=People Weekly Books|isbn=978-1-883013-04-2|page=122}}</ref>

On [[Veterans Day (United States)|Veterans Day]] 2010, the Lewis B. Puller Jr. Veterans Benefits Clinic at [[The College of William & Mary Law School]] was named in honor of Puller.<ref>{{cite web|last=Welch-Donahue|first= Jaime  |title=Veterans Day Event to Celebrate Naming of Lewis B. Puller Jr. Veterans Benefits Clinic
|year=2010|publisher=William & Mary Law School|url=http://law.wm.edu/news/stories/2010/veterans-day-event-to-celebrate-naming-of-lewis-b.-puller,-jr.-veterans-benefits-clinic.php}}</ref>

== Awards ==
During his military career, Puller earned the following:<ref>Puller, Lewis B. Jr. (1991). Fortunate Son: The Healing of a Vietnam Vet. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. {{ISBN|0-8021-1218-8}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Puller, Jr., Lewis Burwell, 1stLt|url=https://marines.togetherweserved.com/usmc/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=15084|website=marines.togetherweserved.com|accessdate=March 18, 2021}}</ref>

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type= award-star |ribbon=Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Purple Heart BAR.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|other_device=v|ribbon=Navy and Marine Corps Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Combat Action Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -54px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg|18px]]</span><span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -72px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg|18px]]</span>
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Vietnamese Gallantry Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -66px; display: inline-block; width: 0;">[[File:Bronze-service-star-3d-vector.svg|27px]]</span>
|-
|{{ribbon devices|number=|type=service-star|other_device=|ribbon=Vietnam gallantry cross unit award-3d.svg|width=110}}
|[[File:VNCivilActionsRibbon-2.svg|106px]]
|[[File:Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|106px]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!1st Row
|colspan="12"|[[Silver Star]]
|-
!2nd Row
|colspan="4"|[[Purple Heart]]<br/>{{small|with 1 [[5/16 inch star|{{Frac|5|16|}} gold inch star]]}}<br/>{{small|(2 awards)}}
|colspan="4"|[[Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal|Navy Commendation Medal]]<br/>{{small|with [["V" device]]}}
|colspan="4"|[[Combat Action Ribbon]]
|-
!3rd Row
|colspan="4"|[[National Defense Service Medal]]
|colspan="4"|[[Vietnam Service Medal]] <br />{{small|with 2 [[Campaign stars]]}}
|colspan="4"|[[Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)|Vietnam Gallantry Cross]] <br />{{small|with [[Service star|bronze star]]}}
|-
!4th Row
|colspan="4"|[[Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)|Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation]] <br />{{small|with palm and frame}}
|colspan="4"|[[Civil Actions Medal|Vietnam Civil Actions Medal Unit Citation]] <br />{{small|with palm and frame}}
|colspan="4"|[[Vietnam Campaign Medal]] <br />{{small|with "60-" clasp}}
|-
|}

===Silver Star citation===
'''Citation:'''
<blockquote>The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Second Lieutenant Lewis Burwell Puller, Jr. (MCSN: 0-105622), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action while serving as a Platoon Commander with Company G, Second Battalion, First Marines, FIRST Marine Division (Rein.), FMF, in connection with combat operations against insurgent communist (Viet Cong) forces in the Republic of Vietnam. On the morning of 11 October 1968, elements of Company G were helicopter lifted into an area near Viem Dong in Quang Nam Province in order to establish a blocking position for a search and destroy operation inside the village. Upon being inserted into the designated area, Second Lieutenant Puller expeditiously reorganized and deployed his men into advantageous positions. Then, completely disregarding the danger of being ambushed by enemy forces, he boldly led elements of his platoon across hazardous terrain in order to quickly establish contact with the company commander and coordinate his efforts with the remainder of the company. As he neared the command group, he inadvertently detonated a large enemy mine and fell seriously wounded. Ignoring the intense pain of his injuries as he received medical treatment, he calmly and effectively continued to direct the efforts of his unit. Directing another Marine to assume command, Second Lieutenant Puller gave him detailed instructions to ensure that he continued the assigned mission. Sincerely concerned for the welfare of his comrades, he remained alert and spoke words of encouragement to his litter bearers while being carried to the landing zone where he was medically evacuated. His resolute determination and composure under extremely hazardous conditions inspired all who observed him and contributed materially to his unit's ability to continue its mission. By his courage, aggressive leadership and unfaltering devotion to duty, Second Lieutenant Puller upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and of the United States Naval Service.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/41015 | title=Lewis Puller - Recipient - }}</ref>{{clarify|reason=Which President of the United States issued this citation, and when was it issued?|date=February 2025}}</blockquote>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{C-SPAN|83692}}
* {{LCAuth|n91002994|Lewis B. Puller1||}}
{{Portal bar|Biography}}
{{PulitzerPrize BiographyorAutobiographyAuthors 1976–2000}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Puller, Lewis Burwell Jr.}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:1994 suicides]]
[[Category:American amputees]]
[[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]]
[[Category:American military personnel who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in Virginia]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps officers]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War]]
[[Category:College of William & Mary alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]]
[[Category:George Mason University faculty]]
[[Category:Military personnel from North Carolina]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Virginia]]
[[Category:People from Jacksonville, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Virginia lawyers]]
[[Category:Writers from Virginia]]
[[Category:People from Camp Lejeune, North Carolina]]
[[Category:American recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:American lawyers with disabilities]]