View source for Lida

{{Short description|City in Grodno Region, Belarus}}
{{other uses}}
{{distinguish|Lydda}}{{Infobox settlement
| name              = Lida
| native_name       = {{native name|be|Ліда}}<br />{{native name|ru|Лида}}
| other_name        = 
| nickname          = 
| settlement_type   = [[List of cities and largest towns in Belarus|City]]
| image_skyline     = Lida Montage (2017).jpg
| imagesize         = 250px
| image_flag        = Flag of Lida.svg
| image_shield      = Coat of Arms of Lidy, Belarus.svg
| image_map         = 
| shield_size       = 75
| flag_size         = 150
| pushpin_map       = Belarus
| map_caption       = 
| subdivision_type  = Country
| subdivision_name  = [[Belarus]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Belarus|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Grodno Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Belarus|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lida District]]
| leader_title      = Chairman
| leader_name       = Mikhail Karpovich
| established_title = Founded
| established_date  = 1323
| area_magnitude    = 
| area_total_km2    = 45.8
| area_land_km2     = 
| area_water_km2    = 
| population_as_of   = 2025
| population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2025 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2024 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329210112/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|archive-date=29 March 2025|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
| population_total  = 103,262
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone          = [[Moscow Time|MSK]]
| utc_offset        = +3
| coordinates       = {{Coord|53|53|44|N|25|17|45|E|region:BY_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m       = 158
| postal_code_type  = Postal code
| postal_code       = 231300
| area_code         = +375 154
| blank_name        = License plate
| blank_info        = 4
| website           = {{URL|http://www.lida.gov.by}}
}}

'''Lida'''{{efn|{{langx|be|Ліда}}, {{IPA|be|ˈlʲid̪ä|IPA}}; {{langx|ru|Лида}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈlʲid̪ə|IPA}}; {{langx|lt|Lyda}}; {{langx|lv|Ļida}}; {{langx|pl|Lida}}, {{IPA|pl|ˈlid̪ä|IPA}}; {{langx|yi|לידע|Lyde}}.}} is a city in [[Grodno Region]], western [[Belarus]], located {{convert|168|km}} west of [[Minsk]]. It serves as the administrative center of [[Lida District]].<ref name="pop"/><ref name="enc">{{cite book |last1=Gaponenko |first1=Irina Olegovna |title=Назвы населеных пунктаў Рэспублікі Беларусь: Гродзенская вобласць |date=2004 |location=Minsk |publisher=Тэхналогія |page=255 |isbn=985-458-098-9}}</ref> As of 2025, it has a population of 103,262.<ref name="pop"/>

== Etymology ==
The name ''Lida'' arises from its [[Lithuanian name]] ''Lyda'', which derives from ''lydimas'', meaning "[[slash-and-burn]]" agricultural method or a plot of land prepared in this way.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basanavičius |first=Jonas |url=https://archive.org/details/basanavicius-etnologiskos-smulkmenos/page/95/mode/2up?q=Lyduv%C4%97nai |title=Etnologiškos smulkmenos |year=1893 |location=Tilžė |pages=25 |language=Lithuanian |author-link=Jonas Basanavičius}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Zinkevičius |first=Zigmas |title=Senosios Lietuvos valstybės vardynas |publisher=[[Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-5-420-01606-0 |location=Vilnius |page=43 |author-link=Zigmas Zinkevičius}}</ref> Names in other languages are spelled as {{langx|pl|Lida}} and {{langx|yi|לידע}}.

== History ==
{{refimprove section|date=May 2025}}
=== Early history ===
[[File:Lidzki zamak. Лідзкі замак (V. Griaznov, 1874).jpg|thumb|left|19th-century view of the [[Lida Castle]]]]
There are passing mentions of Lida in chronicles from 1180. Until the early 14th century, the settlement at Lida was a wooden [[fortress]] in [[Lithuania proper]]. In 1323, the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Gediminas]] built a brick fortress there. The generally considered founding year of Lida is 1380. The fortress withstood [[Crusades|Crusader]] attacks from [[Prussia]] in 1392 and 1394 but was burned to the ground in 1710. Following the death of [[Gediminas]], when Lithuania was divided into principalities, Lida became the capital of one of them, the seat of [[Algirdas]].

Lida was in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. After the [[Union of Krewo]] (1385), when the [[Polish–Lithuanian Union]] was established, and the subsequent [[Christianization of Lithuania]], the Catholic [[parish]] was established in the former [[Lithuanian mythology|Lithuanian pagan]] lands, and a church, whose ruins still exist, was built by King [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], who visited Lida two times, in 1415 and 1422.<ref name=PA>{{cite web |url=http://pawet.net/library/history/bel_history/_books/lida/02/Historia_miejscowo%C5%9Bci.html |title=Historia miejscowości |website=Pawet.net |access-date=5 October 2019 |language=pl |archive-date=5 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005183632/http://pawet.net/library/history/bel_history/_books/lida/02/Historia_miejscowo%25C5%259Bci.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 15th century, the town became a centre of production by craftsmen and trade. Lida was connected with [[Vilnius]], [[Navahrudak]] and [[Minsk]]. The town had a market square and four streets: Wileńska, Zamkowa, Kamieńska and Krivaya.<ref>[https://sztetl.org.pl/pl/miejscowosci/l/1071-lida/104-teksty-kultury/17372-topografia-lidy Topografia Lidy] {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> In 1506, a [[Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Sejm]] was held in Lida, convened by King [[Aleksander Jagiellon]] and the Polish-Lithuanian army gathered here<ref name=PA/> before the [[Battle of Kletsk]], in which it defeated the invading [[Tatars]].
[[File:Lida. Ліда (1792, 1910).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|18th-century city seal of Lida]]
In 1588, Lida became the seat of [[Lida District]] in [[Vilnius Voivodeship]]. Polish King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] granted Lida [[Magdeburg rights|Magdeburg town rights]] in 1590,<ref name=CM>{{cite web |url=https://www.ciekawe-miejsca.net/przewodnik/europa/lida_bialoruskie_miasto_z_bogata_przeszloscia |title=Lida - białoruskie miasto z bogatą przeszłością |website=Ciekawe Miejsca - Internetowy Przewodnik Turystyczny |access-date=5 October 2019 |language=pl |archive-date=5 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005183647/https://www.ciekawe-miejsca.net/przewodnik/europa/lida_bialoruskie_miasto_z_bogata_przeszloscia |url-status=live }}</ref> which were later confirmed in [[Warsaw]] by Kings [[Władysław IV Vasa]] in 1640 and [[Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] in 1670<ref name=PA/> and by the [[Polish Sejm]] in 1776. They let Lida hold two annual fairs of little import to the local economy. It was a [[royal city in Poland|royal city]].<ref>Вялікі гістарычны атлас Беларусі Т.2, Minsk 2013, p. 88</ref> The population was between 2000 and 5000 people.

The second half of the 17th century was a difficult time for Lida. During the [[Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)|Russo-Polish War]] the city was destroyed by the Cossacks in 1655 and the Russians in 1659.<ref name=PA/><ref name=CM/> As a result of the war in 1656 [[famine]] occurred and in 1657 an epidemic.<ref name=PA/> To revive Lida, King [[Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki]] exempted the city from taxes with a privilege of 1676.<ref name=PA/> In 1679 it suffered a fire.<ref name=PA/> In 1702, Lida was plundered by the Swedes.<ref name=PA/>

In 1759, a [[high school]] was founded in Lida.<ref name=PA/> By 1786, only 514 inhabitants were left in Lida, in 1792, 1243 people lived here. After the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795, it was annexed by the [[Russian Empire]] as a powiat centre of the [[Slonim Governorate]] (1795).

=== Imperial Russia ===
[[File:Coat of Arms of Lida, Belarus, 1845.png|thumb|left|upright=0.6|COA of Lida, 1845]]

In estate records and royal forest documents from the 16th to 18th centuries, the Lida area is noted for having predominantly Lithuanian place names and Lithuanian surnames of local peasants. At the start of the 19th century, most people in Lida and the nearby villages were still speaking Lithuanian. From the latter half of that century, however, the region gradually shifted toward Belarusian and Polish influences, a change largely driven by churches and schools. Even so, many villages continued to carry Lithuanian names. In 1862, researcher N. Lebedkin recorded that in the Lida district, 62.2% of the inhabitants were Lithuanian Catholics, 18.9% were Lithuanian Orthodox, 22.6% were Belarusians, and 7.2% were Poles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lyda/|title=Lyda|website=[[vle.lt]]}}</ref>

Lida was then part of the [[Vilna Governorate#Name and territorial changes|Lithuania Governorate]] in 1797 and then [[Grodno Governorate]] in 1801.

The town was mostly destroyed during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1812. In 1817, the population was 1366 people. In 1831, during the [[November Uprising]], a battle was fought nearby between the Polish insurgents commanded by [[Dezydery Chłapowski]] and the Russians.<ref name=PA/> After the uprising, as part of anti-Polish repressions the Piarist church was taken away from Catholics by the Russian administration and transformed into an Orthodox church.<ref name=CM/> It was restored to Catholics after Poland regained independence.<ref name=CM/> In 1842, Lida became the centre of [[Vilna Governorate]]. In 1863 and 1873, two beer factories were built in Lida. In 1884, the [[railway]] from Vilnius to Lunenets was finished. In 1907, the railway from Molodechno to Mosty was opened. In 1897, the town had 8626 people.

After a two-year school opened, so did a [[parish school]] with a department for girls and a [[Jewish]] school. In 1899, a hospital opened which consisted of 25 beds. In 1901, a cast-iron plant began to operate. In 1903, a sawmill started operating.

At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, two brick plants were built. In 1904, there were 1000 houses, of which 275 were brick, 14 small enterprises, four hospitals with beds for 115 patients and six elementary schools for 700 pupils. In 1904, the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Russian Social Democratic Party]] was formed near [[Minsk]]. During the revolutions of 1905 to 1907, workers' uprisings took place, complete with political slogans. In 1914, there were almost 40 factories.

=== Interwar Poland ===
[[File:Lida. Ліда (1920-29).jpg|thumb|left|Bird's eye view of Lida in the 1920s]]
During [[World War I]] Lida was occupied by [[German Army (German Empire)|German troops]]. In 1919, the [[Red Army]] established [[Bolshevik]] power.

Polish troops, under General [[Józef Adam Lasocki]], reached the outskirts of Lida in early March 1919. On April 15, they resumed their advance, and on April 17 they [[Battle of Lida (1919)|captured Lida]], a screening operation to the [[Vilna offensive|taking of Vilnius]]. On 17 July 1920, the Red Army returned, but it was forced to retreat in August after their [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|defeat at Warsaw]].
[[File:Lida, Vilenskaja-Rynak. Ліда, Віленская-Рынак (1930).jpg|thumb|Wileńska Street in pre-war Poland]]

On 30 September 1920, Polish and Russian troops fought in and around Lida during the [[Battle of the Niemen River]], as the [[Soviet 21st Rifle Division]] tried to assault Polish positions but was repulsed by the [[1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Division]]. The Poles took about 10,000 prisoners from the [[Soviet 3rd Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hetmanusa.org/niemnem2.htm |title=Battle Of Warsaw |publisher=Hetmanusa.org |access-date=2013-03-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425083023/http://www.hetmanusa.org/niemnem2.htm |archive-date=2012-04-25}}</ref><!--please note that the source uses the term 'battle at Lida'-->

By the [[Soviet-Lithuanian Treaty of 1920]], Lida was ceded by the Soviets to [[Lithuania]], but the treaty was not recognized by [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]. In accordance with 1921 [[Riga Peace Treaty]], the town was awarded to Poland and was a [[powiat]] centre in the [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]. According to the 1921 Polish census, the population was 65.8% [[Polish people|Polish]], 32.4% [[Jews|Jewish]] and 0.98% [[Belarusians|Belarusian]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom VII. Część I|year=1923|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=10}}</ref>

In 1927 were 24 factories in Lida, whose production grew rapidly in 1928. A new rubber goods factory started, employing almost 800 people. Lida was also an important garrison of the [[Polish Army]], with one infantry division and the 5th Corps of the [[Polish Air Force]] stationed there. In the 1930s, Lida was extensively expanded, dozens of new streets were built.<ref name=PA/>

=== World War II ===
[[File:Lida, Čyhunačnaja. Ліда, Чыгуначная (06.1941).jpg|thumb|Lida during the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupation of Poland]]]]
In 1939, after the [[Soviet invasion of Poland]], Lida became part of the [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. In January 1940, Lida became the centre of [[Lida Raion]], in [[Baranavichy Region]]. From June 1941 to July 1944, it was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by German troops, who killed almost 25,149 people. On September 18, 1943, the [[Jewish Community of Lida]] was rounded up and taken to [[Majdanek]], where they were murdered. Only about 200 Lida [[Jews]] survived the [[Holocaust]]. From mid-1944 Lida was occupied by the Soviets again. After the war, in 1945, in accordance to the [[Potsdam Agreement]] it was taken from Poland and annexed by the [[Soviet Union]]. Administratively, Lida became part of [[Grodno Region]].

===Recent history===
From the [[Cold War]] to 1993, Lida was home to the [[1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division]] of the [[Soviet Air Force]].

In the 2010s, [[Ivan Kulesh]] murdered a number of women in the city. He was later executed.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://spring96.org/en/news/85494 | title=Death convict Ivan Kulesh executed | date=28 November 2016 | access-date=15 September 2023 | archive-date=10 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010115628/https://spring96.org/en/news/85494 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Jewish community ==

[[Jews]] first settled in Lida in the middle of the 16th century, and permission to construct a [[synagogue]] was granted by King [[Stefan Batory]] in 1579. The temple was decimated and rebuilt with the permission of King [[Wladyslaw Vasa]] in 1630, among the city's notable rabbis at the time were [[David ben Aryeh Leib|Rabbi David ben Aryeh Leib]] and his son Pethahiah ben David. By 1817, the Jewish Community numbered 567, nearly three-quarters of the total population of the city. Lida had a particularly-sightly brick synagogue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Школьная улица и синагога |url=http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/lida/lida_pix/front/042208_89_b.gif |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=www.eilatgordinlevitan.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Lida-District/lida-city/lida1917.htm |title=Lida |publisher=Shtetlinks.jewishgen.org |date=1917-09-21 |access-date=2013-03-19 |archive-date=2011-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132257/http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Lida-District/lida-city/lida1917.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Ghetto Lida a01.jpg|thumb|left|Holocaust memorial]]

During the [[First World War]], the [[German Army (German Empire)|German army]] captured Lida on 26 September 1915, and both Jews and non-Jews were forced into labour. Soon after the German Occupation ceased in winter 1918, [[Bolsheviks]] entered the city and created a strong sense of the Revolution. On 17 April 1919, [[Polish people|Polish]] soldiers entered Lida and committed a [[pogrom]], killing 39 Jews. Lida was captured by the Red Army on 17 July 1920 but was retaken by Polish troops on 29 September 1920. After the [[Peace of Riga]], it was passed to Poland and became powiat (county) centre in [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]].

The interwar period was a short period of economic growth for the Jewish community. All aspects flourished, and there were 12 fully functioning synagogues. In 1931, the Jewish population grew to 6,335, and at the dawn of the Holocaust, refugees increased the number to nearly 8,500. In the fall of 1939, the [[Red Army]] moved in and annexed Lida to the [[Baranavichy Region]] of [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Byelorussian SSR]], part of the [[Soviet Union]] on 19 September 1939. Under Soviet rule cultural aspects of the Jewish community were diminished. 

On 27 June 1941, the Germans severely damaged the city, and by December, a [[Lida Ghetto|ghetto]] was created on the suburbs of Lida in which several families ended up crowding into a single home. On 7 May 1942, the ghetto was sealed, and the next day, nearly 6,000 were taken to a military firing range, where they were shot and piled in ready-made grave pits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murder Story of Lida Jews at the Former Military Barracks near Lida |url=https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/untold-stories/killing-site/14627594 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=@yadvashem |language=en}}</ref> About 1,500 educated Jews remained in the ghetto, and the population was added to by incoming refugees.

A few groups secretly escaped the city and hid in the forests until the city was liberated on 9 July 1944, but the rest of the community was murdered on 18 September 1943. It was passed to the new [[Grodno Region]] in 1944.

== Monuments and attractions ==
{{multiple image |align=right |perrow=2 |total_width=375 |header=Historic architecture of Lida (examples)
| image1=Belarus Lida Castle (256497035).jpeg
| image2=09 Лида (02).JPG
| image3=Лідскія краявіды 24.jpg
| image4=Лідскія краявіды 30.jpg
| image5=Лідскія краявіды 10.jpg
| image6=4286 Lida, Belarus. May 2019.jpg
| footer=From top, left to right: [[Lida Castle]], Catholic Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Saint Michael Archangel Orthodox church (former Piarist church), wooden Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, former barracks, preserved old wooden house
}}
*[[Lida Castle]] was built by the order of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Gediminas]] for protection against assaults by the [[Teutonic Knights]]. The stone foundations were laid in 1323.<ref>[http://www.lidazayiflama.us lidazayiflama.us] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115043120/http://www.lidazayiflama.us/ |date=2011-11-15}}</ref> Parts of the trapezium-shaped fortress were added on up through the 15th century. In the mid-17th century, an army of 30,000 was sent by Prince [[Nikita Khovansky]] of [[Moscow]] to destroy it, and in the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–1721), [[Sweden|Swedes]] came and blew up the castle's towers, permanently diminishing its military purpose. It has since been restored, and tourists come to view its crimson walls.
*The Roman Catholic '''Church of the Exaltation of the Cross''', a fine example of local late [[Baroque architecture]].
*The [[Piarists|Piarist]] '''Church of St. Joseph in Lida''' was built in 1794 to 1825. Built in the [[Late Classicism Style]], the round stone [[Church (building)|church]] has an attractive dome and front. In 1842, it was destroyed by a fire but was soon rebuilt. It is now an [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].
*Wooden Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary
*The Catholic Church in Lida was given a new sanctuary in April 2007. The refreshingly-white interior complements the tan exterior.
*In spring 2001, the [[History of the Jews in Belarus|Jews of Belarus]] worked closely with the residents of Lida to erect a memorial commemorating the thousands of [[Lida Jews]] murdered in the [[Holocaust]]. In autumn 2003 was an unveiling ceremony, involving 400 people. Now, visitors and residents alike can take a visit to this memorial, which properly honors all innocent victims of [[World War II]].

== Geography ==
*Altitude: {{cvt|158|m|0}}
*Flat

== Demographics ==
*Population: 102,700 (January 2020); 103,915 (January 2023);<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/ |title=Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417144107/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_67469/ |archive-date=17 April 2023 |website=belsat.gov.by |access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> 103,916 (January 2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|archive-date=2 April 2024|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>
*Ethnicity: [[Belarusians]] – 49,43%, [[Polish people|Poles]] – 34,84%, [[Russians]] – 10,93% (according to 2019 Belarusian data)
*Religion: [[Eastern Orthodox]] 40%, [[Roman Catholic]] 50%, Other 10%

== Climate ==
The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for the city's climate is [[Humid continental climate|''Dfb'']] (Warm Summer Continental Climate).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=23862&cityname=Lida%2C+Haradzyenskaya+Voblasts%27%2C+Belarus&units= |title=Lida, Belarus Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |website=Weatherbase |access-date=11 April 2018 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053001/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=23862&cityname=Lida%2C+Haradzyenskaya+Voblasts%27%2C+Belarus&units= |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Winter temperatures: around 1&nbsp;°C
*Spring temperatures: around 10&nbsp;°C
*Summer temperatures: around 17&nbsp;°C
*Autumn temperatures: around 7&nbsp;°C
*Stormy weather

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | metric first = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Lida (1991–2020)
 | Jan record high C = 5.3
 | Feb record high C = 6.8
 | Mar record high C = 14.0
 | Apr record high C = 22.9
 | May record high C = 27.1
 | Jun record high C = 29.5
 | Jul record high C = 31.1
 | Aug record high C = 31.0
 | Sep record high C = 25.9
 | Oct record high C = 19.1
 | Nov record high C = 11.9
 | Dec record high C = 6.8
 | year record high C = 31.1

 | Jan high C = -1.1
 | Feb high C = 0.2
 | Mar high C = 5.3
 | Apr high C = 13.3
 | May high C = 19.1
 | Jun high C = 22.4
 | Jul high C = 24.4
 | Aug high C = 23.8
 | Sep high C = 17.9
 | Oct high C = 11.0
 | Nov high C = 4.5
 | Dec high C = 0.3
 | year high C = 11.8

 | Jan mean C = -3.5
 | Feb mean C = -2.7
 | Mar mean C = 1.2
 | Apr mean C = 7.9
 | May mean C = 13.4
 | Jun mean C = 16.8
 | Jul mean C = 18.8
 | Aug mean C = 17.9
 | Sep mean C = 12.8
 | Oct mean C = 7.1
 | Nov mean C = 2.2
 | Dec mean C = -1.8
 | year mean C = 7.5

 | Jan low C = -5.7
 | Feb low C = -5.3
 | Mar low C = -2.2
 | Apr low C = 3.0
 | May low C = 7.9
 | Jun low C = 11.5
 | Jul low C = 13.8
 | Aug low C = 12.8
 | Sep low C = 8.6
 | Oct low C = 4.0
 | Nov low C = 0.2
 | Dec low C = -3.8
 | year low C = 3.7

 | Jan record low C = -18.8
 | Feb record low C = -16.4
 | Mar record low C = -10.2
 | Apr record low C = -3.6
 | May record low C = 0.7
 | Jun record low C = 5.4
 | Jul record low C = 8.7
 | Aug record low C = 6.8
 | Sep record low C = 1.3
 | Oct record low C = -3.6
 | Nov record low C = -8.4
 | Dec record low C = -13.9
 | year record low C = -18.8

 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 46.5
 | Feb precipitation mm = 41.2
 | Mar precipitation mm = 40.0
 | Apr precipitation mm = 39.6
 | May precipitation mm = 63.9
 | Jun precipitation mm = 68.7
 | Jul precipitation mm = 85.4
 | Aug precipitation mm = 67.6
 | Sep precipitation mm = 58.9
 | Oct precipitation mm = 54.9
 | Nov precipitation mm = 44.9
 | Dec precipitation mm = 50.5
 | year precipitation mm = 662.1

 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 11.7
 | Feb precipitation days = 10.5
 | Mar precipitation days = 9.6
 | Apr precipitation days = 8.1
 | May precipitation days = 9.7
 | Jun precipitation days = 9.8
 | Jul precipitation days = 10.0
 | Aug precipitation days = 8.7
 | Sep precipitation days = 8.3
 | Oct precipitation days = 9.5
 | Nov precipitation days = 10.1
 | Dec precipitation days = 11.3
 | year precipitation days = 117.3

 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Belarus/CSV/LIDA_26832.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lida
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 12, 2024}}</ref>
}}

== Sport ==

[[HK Lida]] of the [[Belarusian Extraleague]] is the local pro hockey team.

== Notable people ==
*[[David ben Aryeh Leib]] of Lida (ca. 1650–1696), [[Ashkenazi]] [[rabbi]]
*[[David Blaustein (educator)|David Blaustein]] (1866–1912), American educator, rabbi, and social worker
*[[Yitzchak Yaacov Reines]] rabbi of Lida and founder of [[Mizrachi (religious Zionism)|Mizrakhi]] Jewish religious Zionist movement
*[[B. Gorin]] (1868–1925), American Yiddish playwright, translator, and journalist
*[[Konstanty Gorski]] (1859–1924), Polish composer and violinist
*[[Andrzej Januszajtis]] (born 1928), Polish physicist and Professor
*[[Stefan E. Warschawski]] (1904–1989), mathematician
*[[Pola Raksa]] (born 1941), Polish movie star
*[[Aleksander Zyw]] (1905–1995), artist born here
*[[Eduard Palčys]] (born 1990), blogger and political prisoner<ref>{{Cite news |title=Belarusian Blogger Palchys Goes On Trial Amid Crackdown |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-blogger-palchys-trial/31596130.html |access-date=2021-12-15 |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=7 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215085752/https://www.rferl.org/a/belarus-blogger-palchys-trial/31596130.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eduard Palchys — Political prisoners in Belarus |url=https://prisoners.spring96.org/en/person/eduard-palcys |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=prisoners.spring96.org |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215204113/https://prisoners.spring96.org/en/person/eduard-palcys |url-status=live }}</ref>

== International relations ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus}}

Lida is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Межрегиональное сотрудничество |url=http://lida.by/ru/vneshneeconomicheskaya-deyatelnost-ru/ |website=lida.by |publisher=Lida |language=ru |access-date=2020-01-13 |archive-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218160055/http://lida.by/ru/vneshneeconomicheskaya-deyatelnost-ru/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie |url=https://www.koszalin.pl/pl/page/miasta-partnerskie |website=koszalin.pl |publisher=Koszalin |language=pl |access-date=2020-01-13 |archive-date=2019-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721032152/https://www.koszalin.pl/pl/page/miasta-partnerskie |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Międzynarodowo na jubileuszu miasta |url=http://www.lomza.pl/index.php?wiad=8116 |website=lomza.pl |publisher=Łomża |language=pl |date=2018-06-18 |access-date=2020-01-13 |archive-date=2022-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407095334/http://www.lomza.pl/index.php?wiad=8116 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|LVA}} [[Daugavpils]], Latvia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Dimitrovgrad, Russia|Dimitrovgrad]], Russia
*{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Goychay (city)|Goychay]], Azerbaijan
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Kalachinsky District]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Khoroshyovo-Mnyovniki District|Khoroshyovo-Mnyovniki (Moscow)]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Krymsky District]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Lebedyansky District]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Lyuberetsky District]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Nemansky District]], Russia
*{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Rîșcani]], Moldova
*{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Shirak Province]], Armenia
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[http://pawet.net/Main_page.html History of Lida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314033236/http://pawet.net/Main_page.html |date=2012-03-14 }}
*[http://www.radzima.org/be/gorad/lida.html Attractions of Lida]
*[http://globus.tut.by/lida/castle_gallery.htm Castle of Lida]
*[http://szlachta.io.ua/album7366 Jurkau kutoczak — Юркаў куточак — Yury's Corner. Замак Гедыміна ў Лідзе] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524164029/http://szlachta.io.ua/album7366 |date=2012-05-24 }}
*[http://www.lida.info/ Lida News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126094718/http://lida.info/ |date=2021-01-26 }}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020412/http://www.lidaweb.com/ Lida]}}
*{{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1945387|Lida, Belarus}}

{{Hrodna Voblast}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lida| ]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Belarus]]