View source for List of New Zealand Victoria Cross recipients

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[[File:HeaphyCharles.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Charles Heaphy]], New Zealand's first Victoria Cross recipient]]
The [[Victoria Cross]] is a [[military decoration]] awarded for valour of the British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces. The highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy, it was first instituted by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1856 after the [[Crimean War]].<ref name=vcmod>{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/VictoriaCross.htm|title=Victoria Cross: The Premier Award for Gallantry|publisher=Ministry of Defence (UK)|accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref>  Officially there have been 22 Imperial Victoria Crosses awarded to New Zealand military personnel.<ref name=Lintock>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/V/VictoriaCross/AwardsToNewZealandServicemen/en |title=Victoria Cross |encyclopedia=An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 |last=Lintock|first=A.H |publisher=newzealand.govt.nz |accessdate=15 January 2008}}</ref> These awards were bestowed upon 21 individuals, with [[Charles Upham]] receiving the award on two occasions.<ref name=teara1>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/victoria-cross/3 |title=Victoria Cross: Awards to New Zealand Servicemen |encyclopedia=An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 |last=Lintock|first=A.H |publisher=newzealand.govt.nz |accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref>

==Background==
Established in 1856, the Victoria Cross has been awarded to service personnel for extraordinary valour and devotion to duty while facing a hostile force. Between 1858 and 1881 the Victoria Cross could also be awarded for actions taken "under circumstances of extreme danger" not in the face of the enemy.<ref name="McCreery2015k">{{cite book |author=Christopher McCreery |author-link=Christopher McCreery |title=The Canadian Honours System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yj69BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT130 |year=2015 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=978-1-4597-2417-4 |page=130}}</ref> Six people (four [[Irish people|Irish]], one [[English people|English]] and one [[Canadians|Canadian]]) were awarded Victoria Crosses under this clause (one [[Timothy O'Hea|in 1866]] during the [[Fenian raids]], five for a single incident in 1867 during the [[Andaman Islands Expedition]]), until it was amended in 1881 to only allow acts "in the presence of the enemy".<ref name="McCreery2015k"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |title=VC background |publisher=British War Graves Memorial |accessdate=2008-04-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006193449/http://www.britishwargraves.org.uk/newsite/medals/Victoria_Cross.htm |archivedate=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

In 1999 the [[Victoria Cross for New Zealand]] was created as a separate version of the award solely for New Zealand personnel. To date, there has been one recipient of that award&nbsp;– [[Willie Apiata]] for actions in [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan]] in 2004<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10453961| title=Willie Apiata receives his VC |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=26 July 2007 |accessdate=3 August 2007}}</ref>&nbsp;– although recipients of the Victoria Cross for New Zealand are not included on this list.

==Summary==
The first award to a New Zealander came in 1864 when [[Charles Heaphy]] received a Victoria Cross for his actions during the [[Invasion of Waikato]] during the [[New Zealand Wars]].<ref name=Heaphy>{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1h14/1 |title=Heaphy, Charles 1820–1881 |publisher=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography |accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref> Since then there has been one award to a New Zealander serving during the [[Second Boer War]], 11 during [[World War I]], and nine in [[World War II]]. There were no awards to New Zealanders for service during the [[Korean War]] or the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name=NZHerald/>

In addition to the 22 awards to New Zealand military personnel, there have been seven other awards to New Zealanders serving in overseas forces, which are not included in the official count.<ref name=Lintock/> Of these, the majority served with the Australian forces during the First World War, including: [[Alfred Shout]], [[Percy Storkey]], [[Lawrence Weathers]], and [[Thomas Cooke (VC)|Thomas Cooke]], all of whom are listed as Australian recipients.<ref name=SundayMail>{{cite news|title=Our VC Heroes: 96 Brave Men Australia Will Never Forget|last=Staff|date=25 April 1993|work=The Sunday Mail|pages=61, 62, 99 & 100}}</ref>  New Zealand's most famous soldier, [[Bernard Cyril Freyberg|Bernard Freyberg]] is sometimes listed as a New Zealand recipient, although he was serving in the British Army when he performed the deeds that led to his award in 1916,<ref name=NZHerald>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10449097 |title=The full list of 22 Kiwi VC winners |work=The New Zealand Herald |date= 2 July 2007 |accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref> and is not included in the official count. [[William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse]] received the award posthumously for service with the [[Royal Flying Corps]] in 1915, while [[William Edward Sanders]], commanding [[HMS Prize (Q ship)|HMS ''Prize'']], received the award for actions at sea in 1917 while serving in the [[Royal Navy Reserve]].<ref name=teara2>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/victoria-cross/4 |title=Awards to New Zealanders in Other Forces |encyclopedia=An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 |last=Lintock|first=A.H |publisher=newzealand.govt.nz |accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref> An eighth, [[Cecil D'Arcy]] (born in Wanganui), who served during the [[Anglo-Zulu War]] in 1879, is variously listed as a New Zealand or South African recipient,<ref name=NZHerald/><ref name=DArcy>{{London Gazette|issue=24769|page=5830|date=10 October 1879}}</ref> but is not officially included on the list of New Zealanders who received the award in overseas forces.<ref name=teara2/>

==Recipients==
*{{legend2|#e3d9ff|This along with the *, indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name!!Date of action!!Conflict!!Unit!!Place of action!!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|{{sortname|Leslie|Andrew|Leslie Wilton Andrew}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Wellington (City of Wellington's Own) and Hawke's Bay Regiment|Wellington Infantry Regiment]]||[[La Basse Ville]], Belgium|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Cyril|Bassett|Cyril Royston Guyton Bassett}}||align="center"|1915||First World War||[[Royal New Zealand Corps of Signals|New Zealand Divisional Signal Company]]||[[Gallipoli]], Turkey|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Donald|Brown|Donald Forrester Brown}}||align="center"|1916||First World War||[[Otago and Southland Regiment|Otago Infantry Regiment]]||[[High Wood]], France|| <ref name=teara1/>{{#tag:ref|Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gray|first=John H.|title=From the Uttermost Ends of the Earth: The New Zealand Division on the Western Front 1916-1918|year=2010|publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing|location=Christchurch, New Zealand|isbn=978-1-877427-30-5|page=239}}</ref>|group=Note}}
|-
|{{sortname|James|Crichton|James Crichton (VC)}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||<span style="display:none">BB500</span>[[Auckland (Countess of Ranfurly's Own) and Northland Regiment|Auckland Infantry Regiment]]||[[Crèvecœur-sur-l'Escaut|Crèvecœur]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Keith|Elliott}}||align="center"|1942||Second World War||<span style="display:none">BB022</span>[[22nd Battalion (New Zealand)|22nd Battalion]]||[[Ruweisat Ridge|Ruweisat]], [[Egypt]]|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|Forsyth}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1918*||First World War||[[Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers|New Zealand Engineers]]||[[Grévillers]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Samuel|Frickleton}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[New Zealand Rifle Brigade]]||[[Mesen|Messines]], Belgium|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|John|Grant|John Gildroy Grant}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[Wellington (City of Wellington's Own) and Hawke's Bay Regiment|Wellington Infantry Regiment]]||[[Bancourt]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|William|Hardham|William James Hardham}}||align="center"|1901||[[Second Boer War]]||<span style="display:none">BB004</span>[[4th New Zealand Contingent]]||[[Naauwpoort]], [[South Africa]]|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Charles|Heaphy}}||align="center"|1864||[[New Zealand Wars]]||<span style="display:none">BB501</span>[[Auckland Militia]]||[[Mangapiko Stream|Mangapiko River]], New Zealand|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=Heaphy/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23217|page=696|date=8 February 1867}}</ref>
|-
|{{sortname|John|Hinton|John Daniel Hinton}}||align="center"|1941||Second World War||<span style="display:none">BB020</span>[[20th Battalion (New Zealand)|20th Battalion]]||[[Kalamata|Kalamai]], Greece|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Alfred|Hulme|Alfred Clive Hulme}}||align="center"|1941||Second World War||<span style="display:none">BB023</span>[[23rd Battalion (New Zealand)|23rd Battalion]]||[[Crete]], Greece|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Reginald|Judson|Reginald Stanley Judson}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||<span style="display:none">BB500</span>[[Auckland (Countess of Ranfurly's Own) and Northland Regiment|Auckland Infantry Regiment]]||[[Bapaume]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Harry|Laurent|Harry John Laurent}}||align="center"|1918||First World War||[[New Zealand Rifle Brigade]]||[[Gouzeaucourt|Gouzeaucourt Wood]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa|Ngarimu}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1943*||Second World War||<span style="display:none">BB028</span>[[28th Battalion (New Zealand)|28th Battalion]]||[[Tebaga Gap]], [[Tunisia]]|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Henry|Nicholas|Henry James Nicholas}}||align="center"|1917||First World War||[[Canterbury, and Nelson-Marlborough and West Coast Regiment|Canterbury Infantry Regiment]]||[[Polderhoek]], Belgium|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Richard|Travis}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1918*||First World War||[[Otago and Southland Regiment|Otago Infantry Regiment]]||[[Rossignol Wood]], France|| <ref name=teara1/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30922|supp=y|page=11431|date=24 September 1918}}</ref>
|-
|{{sortname|Leonard|Trent|Leonard Henry Trent}}||align="center"|1943||Second World War||[[No. 487 Squadron RNZAF]]||[[Amsterdam]], Netherlands|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|-
|{{sortname|Lloyd|Trigg|Lloyd Allan Trigg}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1943*||Second World War||[[No. 200 Squadron RAF]] ||Atlantic|| <ref name=teara1/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36230|supp=y|page=4813|date=29 October 1943}}</ref>
|-
|{{sortname|Charles|Upham|Charles Hazlitt Upham}}||align="center"|1941<br>1942||Second World War||<span style="display:none">BB020</span>[[20th Battalion (New Zealand)|20th Battalion]]||[[Crete]], Greece (1941)<br>[[Ruweisat Ridge]], [[Egypt]] (1942)||<ref name=teara1/>{{#tag:ref|
Upham is one of only three people to have received the Victoria Cross twice.<ref name=Lintock/>|group=Note}}
|-
|{{sortname|James|Ward|James Allen Ward}}||style="background:#e3d9ff;" align="center"|1941*||Second World War||[[No. 75 Squadron RNZAF]] ||[[Munster]], Germany|| <ref name=teara1/><ref name=NZHerald/>
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Harper |first1=Glyn |last2=Richardson |first2=Colin |title=In the Face of the Enemy: The Complete History of the Victoria Cross and New Zealand |year=2006 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=Auckland |isbn=1869505220}}
*{{cite book |last=Moorhead |first=Murray |title=The Queen's Heroes: Victoria & New Zealand Crosses |year=2005 |publisher=Zenith, New Plymouth |isbn=1877365238}}
{{Refend}}

{{Victoria Cross recipients}}

[[Category:Lists of recipients of the Victoria Cross by nationality|New Zealand Victoria Cross]]