View source for List of electoral systems by country

{{Short description|None}}
{{Electoral systems}}
This is a list of [[electoral system]]s by country in alphabetical order. An electoral system is used to elect national [[legislature]]s and [[Head of state|heads of state]].

==Maps==
{{Electoral systems maps}}

== Electoral systems by country ==
=== Countries ===

{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
|-
! scope=col width=80px|Country
! scope=col|Body or office
! scope=col|Type of body or office
! scope=col|Electoral system
! scope=col width=140px|Notes
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Albania|Albania]]
| [[President of Albania|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Algeria|Algeria]]
| [[President of Algeria|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of the Nation]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
*Indirectly elected (2/3)
*Appointed by the [[President of Algeria|President]] (1/3)
| 
|-
| [[People's National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Andorra|Andorra]]
| [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Princes]]
| Head of State
| 
* [[Two-round system]] (French Prince)
* Appointed by the [[Pope]] (Episcopal Prince)
| 
|-
| [[General Council (Andorra)|General Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (14 seats)
* [[Party block voting]] (14 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Angola|Angola]]
| [[President of Angola|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Angola)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Antigua and Barbuda|Antigua and Barbuda]]
| [[Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Antigua and Barbuda)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Argentina|Argentina]]
| [[President of Argentina|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 45% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round
|-
| [[Argentine Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Limited voting]]
| 2 seats to most voted party, 1 seat to second most voted party
|-
| [[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Armenia|Armenia]]
| [[President of Armenia|President]]
| Head of State
| Appointed by the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[Majority jackpot system|majority/minority jackpot]]
| If no party gets a majority a runoff will be held between the two most voted parties
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Australia|Australia]]
| [[Monarchy of Australia|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Australian Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Single transferable vote]]
| 
|-
| [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Instant-runoff voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Austria|Austria]]
| [[President of Austria|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Federal Council (Austria)|Federal Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by [[Federal states of Austria|federal states]]' legislatures
| 
|-
| [[National Council (Austria)|National Council]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
| [[President of Azerbaijan|President]]
| Head of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Bahamas|Bahamas]]
| [[Monarchy of the Bahamas|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of the Bahamas|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of the Bahamas|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of the Bahamas|House of Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Bahrain|Bahrain]]
| [[King of Bahrain|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Consultative Council (Bahrain)|Consultative Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[King of Bahrain|King]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of Representatives (Bahrain)|Council of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]
| [[President of Bangladesh|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Jatiya Sangsad]]
| 
|-
| [[Jatiya Sangsad]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (300 seats)
* Reserved for women (50 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Barbados|Barbados]]
| [[President of Barbados|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Barbados|Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Barbados|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[President of Barbados|President]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Barbados|House of Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Belarus|Belarus]]
| [[President of Belarus|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of the Republic (Belarus)|Council of Republic]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by regional councils
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Belarus)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Belgium|Belgium]]
| [[Monarchy of Belgium|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by regional parliaments (50 seats)
* Elected by the Senate (10 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Belize|Belize]]
| [[Monarchy of Belize|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Belize)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Belize|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Belize)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Benin|Benin]]
| [[President of Benin|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Benin|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Bhutan|Bhutan]]
| [[King of Bhutan|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Bhutan|National Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (20 seats)
* Appointed by the [[King of Bhutan|King]] (5 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Bhutan|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Bolivia|Bolivia]]
| [[President of Bolivia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 50% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round
|-
| [[Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)|Chamber of Senators]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Presidency]]
| Heads of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina|House of Peoples]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|entities]] legislatures
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Botswana|Botswana]]
| [[President of Botswana|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of Botswana|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Botswana|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Brazil|Brazil]]
| [[President of Brazil|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Brazil|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
Staggered terms 
* 54 members elected by [[Plurality block voting]] (two-seat contests)
* 27 members elected by [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Brunei|Brunei]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
| [[President of Bulgaria|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Bulgaria|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Burundi|Burundi]]
| [[President of Burundi|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Burundi|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by communal councilors (36 seats)
* Appointed by the National Electoral Commission for the [[Great Lakes Twa|Twa]] (3 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Burundi|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Cambodia|Cambodia]]
| [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King]]
| Head of State
| [[Royal Council of the Throne|Elective monarchy]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Cambodia|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by [[Commune Council (Cambodia)|commune councillors]] (58 sets)
* Appointed by the [[Monarchy of Cambodia|King]] (2 seats)
* Appointed by the [[National Assembly of Cambodia|National Assembly]] (2 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Cambodia|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Cameroon|Cameroon]]
| [[President of Cameroon|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Cameroon)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by municipal councils (70 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Cameroon|President]] (30 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
|
* [[First-past-the-post]] (58 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] with a conditional [[majority bonus system|majority jackpot]] (122 seats)
| A party receiving over 50% of the vote in a constituency wins all the seats, if no party get over 50% of the vote, the most voted party is wins half the seats.
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Canada|Canada]]
| [[Monarchy of Canada|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Canada|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]]
| [[President of Cape Verde|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Cape Verde|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]]
| [[President of the Central African Republic|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of the Central African Republic|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Chad|Chad]]
| [[President of Chad|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Chad|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by provincial and communal councils (2/3)
* Appointed by the [[President of Chad|President]] (1/3)
|
|-
| [[National Assembly (Chad)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (83 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] with [[majority jackpot system]] (105 seats)
| A party receiving over 50% of the vote in a constituency wins all the seats; if no party wins over 50% of the vote, seats are allocated proportionally.
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Chile|Chile]]
| [[President of Chile|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Chile|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in China|China]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Colombia|Colombia]]
| [[President of Colombia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Colombia|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Representatives of Colombia|Chamber of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Comoros|Comoros]]
| [[President of Comoros|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of the Union of the Comoros|Assembly of the Union]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
| [[President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|President]]
| Head of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by provincial parliaments (108 seats)
* [[Senator for life]] (variable seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (436 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (64 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]]
| [[President of the Republic of Congo|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Republic of the Congo)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by regional councils
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Cook Islands|Cook Islands]]
| [[Monarchy of the Cook Islands|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of the Cook Islands|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]
| [[President of Costa Rica|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 40% of the vote to win in the first round
|-
| [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Croatia|Croatia]]
| [[President of Croatia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Croatian Parliament|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Cuba|Cuba]]
| [[President of Cuba|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of People's Power|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of People's Power]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Cyprus|Cyprus]]
| [[President of Cyprus|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Cyprus|House of Representatives]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
| [[President of the Czech Republic|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Denmark|Denmark]]
| [[Monarchy of Denmark|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Folketing]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]<ref>Note: 135 elected in 12 multi-seat districts with 2 to 20 seats in each, plus 40 levelling seats allocated based on overall party vote shares.</ref>
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Djibouti|Djibouti]]
| [[President of Djibouti|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Djibouti|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Majority jackpot system]] with limited [[party-list proportional representation]]
| 80% of seats to the most voted party
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Dominica|Dominica]]
| [[President of Dominica|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[House of Assembly of Dominica|House of Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Dominica|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (21 seats)
* Elected by the Assembly or appointed by the [[President of Dominica|President]] (9 seats)
* Attorney General (1 seat)
* [[Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica|Speaker]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]]
| [[President of the Dominican Republic|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of the Dominican Republic|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in East Timor|East Timor]]
| [[President of East Timor|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Parliament (East Timor)|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Ecuador|Ecuador]]
| [[President of Ecuador|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 50% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round
|-
| [[National Assembly (Ecuador)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Egypt|Egypt]]
| [[President of Egypt|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Egypt)|House of Representatives]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Two-round system]] (284 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (284 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Egypt|President]] (28 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in El Salvador|El Salvador]]
| [[President of El Salvador|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]]
| [[President of Equatorial Guinea|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Equatorial Guinea)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (55 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Equatorial Guinea|President]] (15 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of People's Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Eritrea|Eritrea]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Estonia|Estonia]]
| [[President of Estonia|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Riigikogu]]
| 
|-
| [[Riigikogu]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Eswatini|Eswatini]]
| [[Ngwenyama]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Eswatini|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Appointed by the [[Ngwenyama]] (20 seats)
* Elected by the [[House of Assembly of Eswatini|House of Assembly]] (10 seats)
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Eswatini|House of Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]
| [[President of Ethiopia|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Federal Parliamentary Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Federation]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by the State Councils
| 
|-
| [[House of Peoples' Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Fiji|Fiji]]
| [[President of Fiji|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Fiji|Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Fiji|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Finland|Finland]]
| [[President of Finland|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Finland|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in France|France]]
| [[President of France|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (France)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by local councillors
| 
|-
| [[French National Assembly|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Gabon|Gabon]]
| [[President of Gabon |President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Gabon)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by regional councils
|
|-
| [[National Assembly of Gabon|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Gambia|Gambia]]
| [[President of the Gambia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of the Gambia|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (53 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of the Gambia|President]] (5 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| [[President of Georgia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Electoral college]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Georgia|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Germany|Germany]]
| [[President of Germany|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Federal Convention (Germany)|Federal Convention]]
| 
|-
| [[German Bundesrat|Bundesrat]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by State Governments
| 
|-
| [[Bundestag]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation]]<ref>Note: combines First-past-the-post voting for constituency seats with levelling seats to ensure composition of Bundestag mirrors the national popular vote</ref>
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Ghana|Ghana]]
| [[President of Ghana|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Ghana|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Greece|Greece]]
| [[President of Greece|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Hellenic Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Hellenic Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]] with [[majority bonus system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Grenada|Grenada]]
| [[Monarchy of Grenada|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Grenada)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Grenada|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Grenada)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Guatemala|Guatemala]]
| [[President of Guatemala|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Congress of Guatemala|Congress of the Republic]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Guinea|Guinea]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]]
| [[President of Guinea-Bissau|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)|National People's Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Guyana|Guyana]]
| [[President of Guyana|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Guyana|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Haiti|Haiti]]
| [[President of Haiti|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Haiti)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Haïti|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Honduras|Honduras]]
| [[President of Honduras|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]] 
| 
|-
| [[National Congress of Honduras|National Congress]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Hungary|Hungary]]
| [[President of Hungary|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[National Assembly (Hungary)|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Hungary)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (106 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (93 seats)
| Combination of [[Scorporo|partially compensatory system]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011. évi CCIII. Törvény az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról - Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye |url=https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1100203.tv |language=hu}}</ref>
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Iceland|Iceland]]
| [[President of Iceland|President]]
| Head of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Alþing]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in India|India]]
| [[President of India|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Electoral College (India)|Electoral college]]
| Electoral college consists of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] and [[State legislative assemblies of India|state legislative assemblies]]
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by state legislative assemblies (233 seats)
* Appointed by the President (12 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Lok Sabha]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Indonesia|Indonesia]]
| [[President of Indonesia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| rowspan=3|Some areas use the [[noken system]].
|-
| [[Regional Representative Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
|-
| [[People's Representative Council]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
|-
! scope=row rowspan=4|[[Elections in Iran|Iran]]
| [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Assembly of Experts]]
| 
|-
| [[President of Iran|President]]
| Head of Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Two-round system]]
* [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of Experts]]
| Electoral College
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]]
* [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Iraq|Iraq]]
| [[President of Iraq|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Council of Representatives]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Council of Representatives]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
| [[President of Ireland|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Instant-runoff voting]]
| 
|-
| [[Seanad Éireann]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by [[vocational panel]]s (43 seats)
* [[Nominated members of Seanad Éireann|Appointed by the Taoiseach]] (11 seats)
* Elected by the graduates of 2 universities (6 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Dáil Éireann]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Single transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Israel|Israel]]
| [[President of Israel|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Knesset]]
| 
|-
| [[Knesset]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]<ref>at-large districting</ref>
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Italy|Italy]]
| [[President of Italy|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Italian Parliament]] and [[Regional council (Italy)|regional councils]]
| 
|-
| [[Italian Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (126 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (74 seats)
* [[Senators for life in Italy|Senators for life]] (variable seats)
| 
|-
| [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (253 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (147 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]]
| [[President of Ivory Coast|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Ivory Coast)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by regional councils (66 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Ivory Coast|President]] (33 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Jamaica|Jamaica]]
| [[Monarchy of Jamaica|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Jamaica|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Jamaica|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Jamaica|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Japan|Japan]]
| [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[House of Councillors]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Single non-transferable vote]] (148 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (100 seats)
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Japan|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (289 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (176 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Jordan|Jordan]]
| [[King of Jordan|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Jordan)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[King of Jordan|King]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Jordan|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]]
| [[President of Kazakhstan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Kazakhstan|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by the local [[mäslihat]]s (40 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Kazakhstan|President]] (10 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Mäjilis]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (69 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (29 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Kenya|Kenya]]
| [[President of Kenya|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 50% of the vote and 25% of the vote in 24 [[Counties of Kenya|counties]]
|-
| [[Senate of Kenya|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (47 seats)
* Appointed (20 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Kenya)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (337 seats)
* Appointed (12 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Kiribati|Kiribati]]
| [[President of Kiribati|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly (Kiribati)|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[plurality block voting]] (44 seats)
* Appointed by the [[Rabi Council of Leaders]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Kuwait|Kuwait]]
| [[Emir of Kuwait|Emir]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Kuwait|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[President of Kyrgyzstan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (54 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (36 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Laos|Laos]]
| [[President of Laos|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of Laos|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Laos|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Latvia|Latvia]]
| [[President of Latvia|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Saeima]]
| 
|-
| [[Saeima]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Lebanon|Lebanon]]
| [[President of Lebanon|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Lebanon|Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Lebanon|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Lesotho|Lesotho]]
| [[King of Lesotho|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Lesotho|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Hereditary tribal chiefs (22 seats)
* Appointed by the [[King of Lesotho|King]] (11 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Lesotho|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Liberia|Liberia]]
| [[President of Liberia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Liberia|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Liberia|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Libya|Libya]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
| [[Monarchy of Liechtenstein|Prince]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Landtag of Liechtenstein|Landtag]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Lithuania|Lithuania]]
| [[President of Lithuania|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Seimas]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Two-round system]] (71 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (70 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
| [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Madagascar|Madagascar]]
| [[President of Madagascar|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Madagascar|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by the electoral colleges of the [[Provinces of Madagascar|provinces]] (12 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Madagascar|President]] (6 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Madagascar|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (77 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (86 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Malawi|Malawi]]
| [[President of Malawi|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Malawi|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Malaysia|Malaysia]]
| [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]
| Head of State
| [[Conference of Rulers|Elective monarchy]]
| 
|-
| [[Dewan Negara]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Appointed by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (44 seats)
* Elected by the [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|state legislative assemblies]] (26 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Dewan Rakyat]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Maldives|Maldives]]
| [[President of the Maldives|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[People's Majlis]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Mali|Mali]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Malta|Malta]]
| [[President of Malta|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[House of Representatives of Malta|House of Representatives]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Malta|House of Representatives]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Single transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Marshall Islands|Marshall Islands]]
| [[President of the Marshall Islands|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[Legislature of the Marshall Islands|Legislature]]
| 
|-
| [[Legislature of the Marshall Islands|Legislature]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Mauritania|Mauritania]]
| [[President of Mauritania|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Mauritania|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party block voting]] (70 seats)
* [[Two-round system]] (18 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (37 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Mauritius|Mauritius]]
| [[President of Mauritius|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of Mauritius|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Mauritius)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (62 seats)
* [[Best Loser System]] (8 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Mexico|Mexico]]
| [[President of Mexico|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Mexico|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Limited voting]] (96 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (32 seats)
| Limited voting: 2 seats to most voted party, 1 seat to second most voted party
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (300 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (200 seats)
| A party cannot get more seats overall than 8% above its result nationally. A party can't win more than 300 seats overall.
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]]
| [[President of the Federated States of Micronesia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia|Congress]]
| 
|-
| [[Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia|Congress]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Moldova|Moldova]]
| [[President of Moldova|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of the Republic of Moldova|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Monaco|Monaco]]
| [[Monarchy of Monaco|Prince]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Monaco|National Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (16 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (8 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Mongolia|Mongolia]]
| [[President of Mongolia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[State Great Khural]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Montenegro|Montenegro]]
| [[President of Montenegro|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Montenegro|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Morocco|Morocco]]
| [[King of Morocco|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[House of Councillors (Morocco)|House of Councillors]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by [[Regions of Morocco|regions]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Morocco)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Mozambique|Mozambique]]
| [[President of Mozambique|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique|Assembly of the Republic]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]<ref>Note: 250 members of the Assembly of the Republic are elected by proportional representation in eleven multi-member constituencies based on the country's ten provinces and the capital region, with district magnitude ranging from 14 to 45, and through first-past-the-post voting in two single-member constituencies</ref>
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Myanmar|Myanmar]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Namibia|Namibia]]
| [[President of Namibia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Namibia|National Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by regional councils
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Namibia|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (96 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Namibia|President]] (8 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Nauru|Nauru]]
| [[President of Nauru|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Nauru|Parliament]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Nauru|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Dowdall system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Nepal|Nepal]]
| [[President of Nepal|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Electoral college]]
| Electoral college consists of the [[Federal Parliament of Nepal|Parliament]] and the [[Provincial assemblies of Nepal|provincial assemblies]]
|-
| [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by provincial assemblies
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (165 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (110 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Netherlands]]
| [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Netherlands)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by provincial councils
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of the Netherlands|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]<ref>at-large districting</ref>
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in New Zealand|New Zealand]]
| [[Monarchy of New Zealand|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Nicaragua|Nicaragua]]
| [[President of Nicaragua|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Nicaragua|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Niger|Niger]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Nigeria|Nigeria]]
| [[President of Nigeria|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| Most voted and as well as over 25% of the vote in 3/4 of the states to win in first round
|-
| [[Senate of Nigeria|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Nigeria|House of Representatives]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Niue|Niue]]
| [[Monarchy of Niue|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Niue Assembly|Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (14 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (6 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in North Korea|North Korea]]
| [[Supreme People's Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in North Macedonia|North Macedonia]]
| [[President of North Macedonia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of North Macedonia|Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Norway|Norway]]
| [[Monarchy of Norway|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Storting]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Politics of Oman|Oman]]
| [[Sultan of Oman|Sultan]]
| Head of State and Government
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Council of State (Oman)|Council of State]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Sultan of Oman|Sultan]]
| 
|-
| [[Consultative Assembly (Oman)|Consultative Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| [[President of Pakistan|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Electoral college]]
| Electoral college consists of the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] and [[Provincial assemblies of Pakistan|provincial assemblies]]
|-
| [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by the provincial assemblies
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (266 seats)
* Reserved for women and minorities appointed to parties proportionally to seats already won (70 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Palau|Palau]]
| [[President of Palau|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Palau|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Delegates of Palau|House of Delegates]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Panama|Panama]]
| [[President of Panama|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Panama|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (45 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (26 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]]
| [[Monarchy of Papua New Guinea|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Parliament of Papua New Guinea|National Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Instant runoff voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Paraguay|Paraguay]]
| [[President of Paraguay|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Paraguay|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Paraguay|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Peru|Peru]]
| [[President of Peru|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Congress of Peru|Congress]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the Philippines|Philippines]]
| [[President of the Philippines|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (253 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (63 seats)
| Party-list PR: No party can wins more than 3 seats.
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Poland|Poland]]
| [[President of Poland|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Poland|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Sejm]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Portugal|Portugal]]
| [[President of Portugal|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Qatar|Qatar]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Romania|Romania]]
| [[President of Romania|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Romania|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Russia|Russia]]
| [[President of Russia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]]' legislatures
| 
|-
| [[State Duma]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (225 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (225 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Rwanda|Rwanda]]
| [[President of Rwanda|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Rwanda)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by provincial councils (12 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Rwanda|President]] (8 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Deputies of Rwanda|Chamber of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (53 seats)
* Elected by local and national councils (27 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
| [[Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Saint Kitts and Nevis|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Saint Lucia|Saint Lucia]]
| [[Monarchy of Saint Lucia|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Saint Lucia|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Saint Lucia|Governor-General]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Saint Lucia|House of Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
| [[Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (15 seats)
* Appointed by the [[Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Governor-General]] (6 seats) 
* Attorney General (1 seats)
* [[Speaker of the House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Speaker]] (1 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Samoa|Samoa]]
| [[O le Ao o le Malo]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Legislative Assembly of Samoa|Legislative Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[Legislative Assembly of Samoa|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in San Marino|San Marino]]
| [[Captains Regent]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Grand and General Council]]
| 
|-
| [[Grand and General Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party-list proportional representation]] with a [[Majority jackpot system|majority jackpot]] in the second round only.
| If no party gets a majority a runoff will be held between the two most voted parties
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Príncipe]]
| [[President of São Tomé and Príncipe|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of São Tomé and Príncipe|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Senegal|Senegal]]
| [[President of Senegal|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Senegal|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]]/[[Party block voting]] (112 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (53 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Serbia|Serbia]]
| [[President of Serbia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Serbia|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Seychelles|Seychelles]]
| [[President of the Seychelles|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Seychelles|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (26 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (up to 10 seats)
| Party-list PR: For each 10% of the vote, a party gets one seat.
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]]
| [[President of Sierra Leone|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 55% of the vote to win in first round
|-
| [[Parliament of Sierra Leone|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (135 seats)
* Elected for paramount chiefs (14 Seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Singapore|Singapore]]
| [[President of Singapore|President]]
| Head of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Party block voting]] (82 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (15 seats)
* [[Non-constituency Member of Parliament|Best losers]] (up to 12 seats)
* [[Nominated Member of Parliament|Appointed by the president]] (9 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Slovakia|Slovakia]]
| [[President of Slovakia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Slovakia|National Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Slovenia|Slovenia]]
| [[President of Slovenia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Council (Slovenia)|National Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by groups of experts
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Slovenia)|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands]]
| [[Monarchy of Solomon Islands|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[National Parliament of the Solomon Islands|National Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in South Africa|South Africa]]
| [[President of South Africa|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Provinces]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by the [[Provinces of South Africa|Provinces]]' Legislatures
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in South Korea|South Korea]]
| [[President of South Korea|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of South Korea|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]] (''de facto''):
* [[First-past-the-post]] (254 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (46 seats)
| {{efn-num|South Korea uses the [[additional member system]] ''de jure'', but it has been ''de facto'' nullified via [[decoy list]] usage by major political parties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nam |first=Hyun-woo |title=Major parties revert to criticized tactic to boost votes ahead of crucial election |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/04/113_368264.html |work=[[The Korea Times]] |location= |publisher= |date=2024-02-05 |access-date=}}</ref>}}
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in South Sudan|South Sudan]]
| [[President of South Sudan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of States (South Sudan)|Council of States]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by the [[States of South Sudan|state]]'s legislative assembly
| 
|-
| [[National Legislative Assembly (South Sudan)|National Legislative Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (158 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (157 seats)
* Appointed by the President (17 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Spain|Spain]]
| [[Monarchy of Spain|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Limited voting|Limited]] [[plurality block voting]] (208 seats)
* Elected by [[List of Spanish regional legislatures|regional legislatures]] (57 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Spanish Congress of Deputies|Congress of Deputies]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
| [[President of Sri Lanka|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Instant-runoff voting]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Sudan|Sudan]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Suriname|Suriname]]
| [[President of Suriname|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Sweden|Sweden]]
| [[Monarchy of Sweden|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Riksdag]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
| [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Federal Council]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[Council of States (Switzerland)|Council of States]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Two-round system]] (41 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (4 seats)
* [[Landsgemeinde]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
| [[National Council (Switzerland)|National Council]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Syria|Syria]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Republic of China|Taiwan]]
| [[President of the Republic of China|President]]
| Head of State
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[Legislative Yuan]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (73 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (34 seats)
* [[Single non-transferable vote]] (6 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
| [[President of Tajikistan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Tajikistan|National Assembly]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by deputies of local majlisi (25 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Tajikistan|President]] (8 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)|Assembly of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Two-round system]] (41 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (22 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Tanzania|Tanzania]]
| [[President of Tanzania|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Tanzania|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (264 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (113 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Tanzania|President]] (10 seats)
* Elected by the [[Zanzibar House of Representatives]] (5 seats)
* [[Attorney General of Tanzania|Attorney General]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Thailand|Thailand]]
| [[Monarchy of Thailand|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Thailand|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by groups of experts
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Thailand)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (400 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (100 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Togo|Togo]]
| [[President of Togo|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of Togo|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate (Togo)|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by regional and municipal councils (2/3)
* Appointed by the [[President of Togo|President]] (1/3)
|
|-
| [[National Assembly of Togo|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
|
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Tonga|Tonga]]
| [[King of Tonga|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Legislative Assembly of Tonga|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]
| [[President of Trinidad and Tobago|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by all members of the [[Senate of Trinidad and Tobago|Senate]] and [[House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago|House of Representatives]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Trinidad and Tobago|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[President of Trinidad and Tobago|President]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Tunisia|Tunisia]]
| [[President of Tunisia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Council of Regions and Districts]]
| Upper chamber legislature
| Elected by the regional and district councils
|
|-
| [[Assembly of the Representatives of the People]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
|
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Turkey|Turkey]]
| [[President of Turkey|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
|
|-
| [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Turkmenistan|Turkmenistan]]
| [[President of Turkmenistan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of Turkmenistan|Assembly]]
| Unicameral of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Tuvalu|Tuvalu]]
| [[Monarchy of Tuvalu|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Tuvalu|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Uganda|Uganda]]
| [[President of Uganda|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Uganda|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
| [[President of Ukraine|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Verkhovna Rada]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King]]
| Head of State
| Hereditary monarchy
| 
|-
| [[House of Lords]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Life peer]] appointed by the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|King]] (670 seats)
* [[Hereditary peer]] (92 seats)
* [[Lords Spiritual]] appointed by the [[Church of England]] (26 seats)
| 
|-
| [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in the United States|United States]]
| [[President of the United States|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Electoral college]]
| 
|-
| [[United States Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (44 States)
* [[Nonpartisan blanket primary]] (2 States)
* [[Two-round system]] (2 States)
* [[Instant-runoff voting]] (2 States)
| 
|-
| [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (44 States)
* [[Nonpartisan blanket primary]] (2 States)
* [[Two-round system]] (2 States)
* [[Instant-runoff voting]] (2 States)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Uruguay|Uruguay]]
| [[President of Uruguay|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Uruguay|Chamber of Senators]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
| [[Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay|Chamber of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]]
| [[President of Uzbekistan|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Uzbekistan|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by members of local councils (84 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Uzbekistan|President]] (16 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan|Legislative Chamber]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (75 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (75 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Vanuatu|Vanuatu]]
| [[President of Vanuatu|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Parliament of Vanuatu|Parliament]] and the presidents of Regional Councils
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of Vanuatu|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! [[Papal conclave|Vatican City]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Venezuela|Venezuela]]
| [[President of Venezuela|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Venezuela|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (149 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (136 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Vietnam|Vietnam]]
| [[President of Vietnam|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[National Assembly of Vietnam|National Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Vietnam|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Yemen|Yemen]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Zambia|Zambia]]
| [[President of Zambia|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Zambia|National Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (156 seats)
* Appointed by the [[President of Zambia|President]] (8 seats)
* [[Ex officio member]]s (3 seats)
|
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]
| [[President of Zimbabwe|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Senate of Zimbabwe|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (60 seats)
* Elected by the [[Zimbabwe Council of Chiefs|Council of Chiefs]] (18 seats)
* Elected by the National Disability Board (2 seats)
| 
|-
| [[National Assembly of Zimbabwe|National Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (210 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (70 seats)
| 
|}

== Countries with limited recognition ==

{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
|-
! scope=col width=80px|Country
! scope=col|Body or office
! scope=col|Type of body or office
! scope=col|Electoral system
! scope=col|Notes
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Abkhazia|Abkhazia]]
| [[President of Abkhazia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[People's Assembly of Abkhazia|People's Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Kosovo|Kosovo]]
| [[President of Kosovo|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo|Assembly]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo|Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]
| [[President of Northern Cyprus|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Assembly of the Republic (Northern Cyprus)|Assembly of the Republic]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Palestine|Palestine]]
| colspan=4 align=center|''Currently no national elections are held''
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]
| [[President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|President]]
| Head of State
| Elected by the [[Congress of the Polisario Front]]
| 
|-
| [[Sahrawi National Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Single non-transferable vote]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in South Ossetia|South Ossetia]]
| [[President of South Ossetia|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Parliament of South Ossetia|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (17 seats)
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (17 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=3|[[Elections in Somaliland|Somaliland]]
| [[President of Somaliland|President]]
| Head of State and Government
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Elders (Somaliland)|House of Elders]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| align=center|—
| Currently no system defined
|-
| [[House of Representatives (Somaliland)|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Transnistria|Transnistria]]
| [[President of Transnistria|President]]
| Head of State
| [[Two-round system]]
| 
|-
| [[Supreme Council (Transnistria)|Supreme Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|}

== Colonies and dependencies ==

{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
|-
! scope=col width=80px|Country
! scope=col|Body or office
! scope=col|Type of body or office
! scope=col|Electoral system
! scope=col width=140px|Notes
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Alderney|Alderney]]
| [[States of Alderney|States]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in American Samoa|American Samoa]]
| [[American Samoa Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Elected by county councils
| 
|-
| [[American Samoa House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (14 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (6 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Anguilla|Anguilla]]
| [[House of Assembly (Anguilla)|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (7 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (4 seats)
* [[Attorney General of Anguilla|Attorney General]] (1 seats)
* Deputy Governor (1 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|Ascension
| [[Ascension Island Council|Island Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Bermuda|Bermuda]]
| [[Senate of Bermuda|Senate]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| Appointed by the [[Governor of Bermuda|Governor]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Assembly of Bermuda|House of Assembly]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the British Virgin Islands|British Virgin Islands]]
| [[House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (9 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (4 seats)
* [[Attorney General of the British Virgin Islands|Attorney General]] (1 seats)
* [[List of speakers of the House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands|Speaker]] (1 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the Cayman Islands|Cayman Islands]]
| [[Parliament of the Cayman Islands|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[First-past-the-post]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the Falkland Islands|Falkland Islands]]
| [[Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in French Polynesia|French Polynesia]]
| [[Assembly of French Polynesia|Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Gibraltar|Gibraltar]]
| [[Gibraltar Parliament|Parliament]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Limited voting|Limited]] [[plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Guam|Guam]]
| [[Legislature of Guam|Legislature]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Guernsey|Guernsey]]
| [[States of Deliberation]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* Appointed by the [[Election Committee (Hong Kong)|Election Committee]] (40 seats)
* Elected by [[Functional constituency (Hong Kong)|functional constituencies]] (30 seats)
* [[Single non-transferable vote]] (20 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Isle of Man|Isle of Man]]
| [[Legislative Council of the Isle of Man|Legislative Council]]
| Upper chamber of legislature
| 
* Elected by the [[House of Keys]] (8 seats)
* [[President of Tynwald]] (1 seat)
* [[Bishop of Sodor and Man]] (1 seat)
* [[Attorney General (Isle of Man)|Attorney General]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
| [[House of Keys]]
| Lower chamber of legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Jersey|Jersey]]
| [[States Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (37 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (12 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Macau|Macau]]
| [[Legislative Assembly of Macau|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Party-list proportional representation]] (14 seats)
* [[Indirectly elected member]] (12 seats)
* [[Appointed members of the Legislative Assembly of Macau|appointed by the Chief Executive]] (7 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Montserrat|Montserrat]]
| [[Legislative Assembly of Montserrat|Legislative Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in New Caledonia|New Caledonia]]
| [[Congress of New Caledonia|Congress]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]]
| [[Northern Mariana Islands Senate|Senate]]
| Upper chamber legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (6 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (3 seats)
| 
|-
| [[Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (18 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (2 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the Pitcairn Islands|Pitcairn Islands]]
| [[Island Council (Pitcairn)|Island Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Single transferable vote]] (7 seats)
* [[Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands|Administrator]] (1 seat)
* [[Governor of Pitcairn|Governor]] (1 seat)
* Deputy Governor (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row rowspan=2|[[Elections in Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]
| [[Senate of Puerto Rico|Senate]]
| Upper chamber legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[Plurality block voting]] (16 seats)
* [[Single non-transferable vote]] (11 seats)
* [[Minority jackpot]]
| 
|-
| [[House of Representatives of Puerto Rico|House of Representatives]]
| Lower chamber legislature
| [[Mixed-member majoritarian representation]]:
* [[First-past-the-post]] (40 seats)
* [[Single non-transferable vote]] (11 seats)
* [[Minority jackpot]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Saint Barthélemy|Saint Barthélemy]]
| [[Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy|Territorial Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[majority bonus system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Saint Helena|Saint Helena]]
| [[Legislative Council of Saint Helena|Legislative Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (12 seats)
* Attorney General (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Saint Martin|Saint Martin]]
| [[Territorial Council of Saint Martin|Territorial Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[majority bonus system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]
| [[Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Territorial Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Two-round system|Two-round]] [[party-list proportional representation]] with [[majority bonus system]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Sark|Sark]]
| [[Chief Pleas]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Tokelau|Tokelau]]
| [[General Fono]]
| Unicameral legislature
| {{Data missing|date=April 2025}}
| 
|-
! scope=row|Tristan da Cunha
| [[Tristan da Cunha Island Council|Island Council]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Plurality block voting]]
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos Islands]]
| [[House of Assembly (Turks and Caicos Islands)|House of Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[First-past-the-post]] (10 seats)
* [[Plurality block voting]] (9 seats)
* [[Attorney-General of the Turks and Caicos Islands|Attorney General]] (1 seats)
* Speaker (1 seats)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in the U.S. Virgin Islands|U.S. Virgin Islands]]
| [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands|Legislature]]
| Unicameral legislature
| 
* [[Plurality block voting]] (14 seats)
* [[First-past-the-post]] (1 seat)
| 
|-
! scope=row|[[Elections in Wallis and Futuna|Wallis and Futuna]]
| [[Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna|Territorial Assembly]]
| Unicameral legislature
| [[Party-list proportional representation]]
| 
|}

==Notes==
<references group="note"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.aceproject.org ACE Electoral Knowledge Network] Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above.
*[http://www.idea.int/publications/esd/index.cfm A Handbook of Electoral System Design] from [http://www.idea.int International IDEA]
*[http://www.aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/es Electoral Design Reference Materials] from the [http://www.aceproject.org ACE Project]
*[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch.asp PARLINE database] from the [http://www.ipu.org/english/home.htm Inter-Parliamentary Union]
*[http://pdba.georgetown.edu Political Database of the Americas - Georgetown University]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101228021421/http://www.worldpolicy.org/globalrights/prindex.html Project for Global Democracy and Human Rights] This page links to a table and a world map that is color-coded by the primary electoral system used by each country.

{{voting systems}}

[[Category:History and use of electoral systems|*]]
[[Category:Politics-related lists by country|Electoral systems by country]]
[[Category:Electoral systems by country|*]]