View source for List of rulers of Oman

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox monarchy
|royal_title        = Sultan
|realm              = Oman
|native_name        = {{lang|ar|سلطان عمان}}
|coatofarms         = Royal Standard of Oman.svg{{!}}border
|coatofarmscaption  = Standard of the Sultan of Oman
|type               = Absolute Monarchy 
|his/her            = His
|image              = Haitham bin Tariq Al Said in 2024 ( هَيْثَم بْن طَارِق آل سَعِيد ) (cropped).jpg<!-- Do NOT immediately change to Sultan of Oman, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said.jpg (missing evidence of permission) -->
|incumbent          = [[Haitham bin Tariq]]
|incumbentsince     = 11 January 2020
|heir_apparent      = [[Theyazin bin Haitham]]
|first_monarch      = [[Al-Julanda ibn Mas'ud]] {{small|(imamate)}}<br />[[Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi|Ahmad bin Said]] {{small|(as sultan)}}
|date               = {{start date and age|df=y|749}} {{small|(imamate)}}<br />{{start date and age|df=y|1744}} {{small|(Al Bu Said dynasty)}}
|residence          = [[Al Alam Palace]]<br />[[Al Baraka Palace]]
|website            = {{URL|www.oman.om/}}<br />{{small|{{in lang|ar}}}}
}}
{{Politics of Oman}}

The '''sultan of the Sultanate of Oman''' ({{langx|ar| سلطان سلطنة عمان}}) is the [[monarch]]ical [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of [[Oman]]. It is the most [[Power (social and political)|powerful]] [[Absolute monarchy|position]] in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the [[Al Bu Said dynasty]], which has been the ruling family of Oman since the mid-18th century. [[Haitham bin Tariq]] is the current sultan, reigning since 11 January 2020.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |title=Oman's new ruler Haitham bin Tariq takes oath: newspapers |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oman-sultan-successor-media/omans-new-ruler-haitham-bin-tariq-takes-oath-newspapers-idUSKCN1ZA078 |access-date=11 January 2020 |work=Reuters |date=11 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> 

Prior to the establishment of the present-day Sultanate of Oman in 1970, the [[Muscat and Oman|Sultanate of Muscat and Oman]], the [[Omani Empire]], and the [[Imamate of Oman]] all ruled the area since 749. 

==List of imams==
===Initial Imams (749–1406)===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" | Imams
! rowspan="2" | Tribe
! rowspan="2" | Residence
! rowspan="2" | Began to reign
! rowspan="2" | Reference
|-
! Transliteration of the Arab names
! Names in Arab script
|-
| colspan="5" |''Under [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] control until the [[Abbasid revolution]] in 749''
|<ref name="Al-Hashimy">{{Cite book |last=Al-Hashimy |first=Sa'id b. Muhammad b. Said |url=https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3257/1/uk_bl_ethos_365416.pdf |title=Imam Salim b. Rashid and the Imamate revival in Oman 1331/1913 - 1338/1920 |publisher=University of Leeds |year=1994 |type=PhD thesis}}</ref>
|-
|[[Al-Julanda ibn Mas'ud]]
| align="right" | الجلندى بن مسعود
| [[Azd]]
| [[Sohar]]
| 749
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 7</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |''Under [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] control (751–793)''
|<ref name="Al-Hashimy" />
|-
| Muhammad ibn Abi Affan
| align="right" | محمد بن أبي عفان
| Azd
| rowspan="3" | [[Nizwa]]
| 793
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 9</ref>
|-
| Al-Warith ibn Ka'b
| align="right" | الوارث بن كعب
| rowspan="2" | Yahmad
| 801
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 10</ref>
|-
| Ghassan ibn Abd Allah
| align="right" | غسان بن عبد الله
| 807
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 12</ref>
|-
| Abd al-Malik ibn Humayd
| align="right" | عبد المالك بن حميد
| Azd
| ?
| 824
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 15</ref>
|-
| [[Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar|Al-Muhanna ibn Jayfar]]
| align="right" | المهنا بن جيفر
| Yahmad
| Nizwa
| 840
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 16</ref>
|-
| [[Al-Salt bin Malik|Al-Salt ibn Malik]]
| align="right" | الصلت بن مالك
| Azd
| ?
| 851
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Sal71p19">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 19</ref>
|-
| Rashid ibn al-Nazar
| align="right" | راشد بن النظر
| ?
| ?
| 886
|-
| [[Azzan ibn Tamim]]
| align="right" | عزان بن تميم
| ?
| Nizwa
| 890
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 20</ref>
|-
| Muhammad ibn al-Hasan
| align="right" | محمد بن الحسن
| Azd
| ?
| 897
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Sal71p25">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 25</ref>
|-
| Azzan ibn al-Hazbar
| align="right" | عزان بن الهزبر
| Yahmad
| ?
| 898
|-
| Abd Allah ibn Muhammad
| align="right" | عبد الله بن محمد
| ?
| ?
| 899
| rowspan="4" |<ref name="Sal71p26">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 26</ref>
|-
| Al-Salt ibn al-Qasim
| align="right" | الصلت بن القاسم
| ?
| ?
| 900
|-
| Al-Husn ibn Sa'id
| align="right" | الحسن بن سعيد
| ?
| ?
| 900
|-
| Al-Hawari ibn Matraf
| align="right" | الحواري بن مطرف
| ?
| ?
| 904
|-
| Umar ibn Muhammad
| align="right" | عمر بن محمد
| ?
| ?
| 912
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 27</ref>
|-
| Muhammad ibn Yazid
| align="right" | محمد بن يزيد
| [[Kinda (tribe)|Kinda]]
| ?
| ?
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 28</ref>
|-
| Al-Hakm ibn al-Mila al-Bahri
| align="right" | الحكم بن الملا البحري
| Bahri
| Nizwa
| ?
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Sal71p29">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 29</ref>
|-
| Sa'id ibn Abd Allah
| align="right" | سعيد بن عبد الله
| ?
| ?
| 939
|-
| Rashid ibn al-Walid
| align="right" | راشد بن الوليد
| ?
| Nizwa
| ?
|<ref>[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 30</ref>
|-
| Al-Khalil ibn Shadhan
| align="right" | الخليل بن شاذان
| Kharusi
| ?
| 1002
| rowspan="4" |<ref name="Sal71p35">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 35</ref>
|-
| Rashid ibn Sa'id
| align="right" | راشد بن سعيد
| Yahmad
| ?
| 1032
|-
| Hafs ibn Rashid
| align="right" | حفص بن راشد
| Yahmad
| ?
| 1068
|-
| Rashid ibn Ali
| align="right" | راشد بن علي
| Yahmad
| ?
| 1054
|-
| Musa ibn Jabir
| align="right" | ابن جابر موسى
| ?
| Nizwa
| 1154
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Sal71p36">[[#Sal71|Salil-Ibn Razik 1871]], p. 36</ref>
|-
| Malik ibn Ali
| align="right" | مالك بن علي
| ?
| ?
| 1406
|}

===Nabhani dynasty (1406–1624)===
{{unreferenced-section|date=June 2025}}
{{further information|Nabhani dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Reign start
! Reign end
! Notes
|-
|Muhammed al-Fallah || 1406 || 1435 ||
|-
|Abul Hassan of Oman || 1435 || 1451 ||
|-
|Omar bin al Khattab || 1451 || 1490 ||
|-
|Omar al Sharif || 1490 || 1500 ||
|-
|Muhammad bin Ismail || 1500 || 1529 || [[Portuguese Oman|Portuguese protectorate]] imposed on 15 April 1515.
|-
|Barakat bin Muhammad || 1529 || 1560 ||
|-
|Abdulla bin Muhammad || 1560 || 1624 ||
|}

===Yarubid dynasty (1624–1749)===
{{unreferenced-section|date=June 2025}}
{{further information|Ya'rubids}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Reign start
! Reign end
! Notes
|-
|[[Nasir bin Murshid]] || 1624 || 1649 ||
|-
|[[Sultan bin Saif]] || 1649 || 1679 || [[Portuguese Oman|Portuguese protectorate]] ended on 28 January 1650.
|-
|[[Bil'arab bin Sultan]] || 1679 || 1692 ||
|-
|[[Saif bin Sultan]] || 1692 || 1711 ||
|-
|[[Sultan bin Saif II]] || 1711 || 1718 ||
|-
|[[Saif bin Sultan II]] || 1718 || 1719|| First reign
|-
|[[Muhanna bin Sultan]] || 1719 ||1720||
|-
|[[Saif bin Sultan II]] || 1720 || 1722|| Second reign
|-
|[[Ya'arab bin Bel'arab]] || 1722 || 1722 ||
|-
|[[Saif bin Sultan II]] || 1722 || 1724 || Third reign
|-
|[[Muhammad bin Nasir]] || 1724 || 1728 || Not a member of the dynasty
|-
|[[Saif bin Sultan II]] || 1728 || 1742 || Fourth reign; at first in the coastal area only
|-
|[[Bal'arab bin Himyar]] || 1728 || 1737 || First reign; in the interior
|-
|[[Sultan bin Murshid]] || 1742 || 1743 ||
|-
|[[Bal'arab bin Himyar]] || 1743 || 1749 || Second reign; in the interior
|}

==List of sultans (1749–present){{anchor|Sultans}}==
{{unreferenced-section|date=October 2025}}
{{Succession table monarch
| name1       = '''[[Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi|Ahmad bin Said]]'''
| nickname1   =  
| native1     = {{lang|ar|أحمد بن سعيد}}
| life1       = 1694 –<br/>{{Death date and age|1783|12|15|1694|1|1|df=y}}
| reignstart1 = 10 June 1749 
| reignend1   = 15 December 1783
| notes1      = From 1744 in the coastal region
| family1     = [[Al Bu Said dynasty|Al Bu Said]]
| image1      = 
| alt1        = Ahmad bin Said
| name2       = '''[[Said bin Ahmad Al Busaidi|Said bin Ahmad]]'''
| nickname2   = 
| native2     = {{lang|ar|سعيد بن أحمد}}
| life2       = 1741 – 1811 (aged 70)
| reignstart2 = 15 December 1783
| reignend2   = 1786
| notes2      = Son of Ahmad bin Said
| family2     = Al Bu Said
| image2      = 
| alt2        = Said bin Ahmad
| name3       = '''[[Hamad bin Said]]'''
| nickname3   = 
| native3     = {{lang|ar|حمد بن سعيد}}
| life3       = ? – 13 March 1792
| reignstart3 = 1786
| reignend3   = 13 March 1792
| notes3      = Son of Said bin Ahmad
| family3     = Al Bu Said
| image3      = 
| alt3        = Hamad bin Said
| name4       = '''[[Sultan bin Ahmad]]'''
| nickname4   = 
| native4     = {{lang|ar|سلطان بن أحمد}}
| life4       = 1755 –<br/>17 November 1804 (aged 48–49)
| reignstart4 = 18 March 1792
| reignend4   = 17 November 1804
| notes4      = Son of Ahmad bin Said
| family4     = Al Bu Said
| image4      = 
| alt4        = Sultan bin Ahmad
| name5       = '''[[Salim bin Sultan]]'''
| nickname5   = 
| native5     = {{lang|ar|سالم بن سلطان}}
| life5       = {{Birth date|1790|9|11|df=y}} –<br/>{{Death date and age|1821|4|4|1790|9|11|df=y}}
| reignstart5 = 18 November 1804
| reignend5   = 14 September 1806
| notes5      = Son of Sultan bin Ahmad
| family5     = Al Bu Said
| image5      = 
| alt5        = Salim bin Sultan
| name6       = '''[[Said bin Sultan]]'''
| nickname6   = 
| native6     = {{lang|ar|سعيد بن سلطان}}
| life6       = {{Birth date|1791|6|5|df=y}} –<br/>{{Death date and age|1856|10|19|1791|6|5|df=y}}
| reignstart6 = 20 November 1804
| reignend6   = 19 October 1856
| notes6      = Son of Sultan bin Ahmad
| family6     = Al Bu Said
| image6      = Said Bin Sultan.jpg
| alt6        = Said bin Sultan
| name7       = '''[[Thuwaini bin Said]]'''
| nickname7   = 
| native7     = {{lang|ar|ثويني بن سعيد}}
| life7       = 1821 –<br/>{{Death date and age|1866|2|11|1821|1|1|df=y}}
| reignstart7 = 19 October 1856
| reignend7   = 11 February 1866
| notes7      = Son of Said bin Sultan
| family7     = Al Bu Said
| image7      = Thuwaini bin Said.jpg
| alt7        = Thuwaini bin Said
| name8       = '''[[Salim bin Thuwaini]]'''
| nickname8   = 
| native8     = {{lang|ar|سالم بن ثويني}}
| life8       = 1839 –<br/>{{Death date and age|1876|12|7|1839|1|1|df=y}}
| reignstart8 = 11 February 1866
| reignend8   = 3 October 1868<br>{{small|(deposed)}}
| notes8      = Son of Thuwaini bin Said
| family8     = Al Bu Said
| image8      = 
| alt8        = Salim bin Thuwaini
| name9       = '''[[Azzan bin Qais]]'''
| nickname9   = 
| native9     = {{lang|ar|عزان بن قيس}}
| life9       = ? – 30 January 1871
| reignstart9 = 3 October 1868
| reignend9   = 30 January 1871
| notes9      = Great-great-grandson of Ahmad bin Said
| family9     = Al Bu Said
| image9      = Azzan bin Qais.jpg
| alt9        = Azzan bin Qais
| name10       = '''[[Turki bin Said]]'''
| nickname10   = 
| native10     = {{lang|ar|تركي بن سعيد}}
| life10       = 1832 –<br/>{{Death date and age|1888|6|4|1832|1|1|df=y}}
| reignstart10 = 30 January 1871
| reignend10   = 4 June 1888
| notes10      = Son of Said bin Sultan
| family10     = Al Bu Said
| image10      = Turki ibn Said.jpg
| alt10        = Turki bin Said
| name11       = '''[[Faisal bin Turki Al Busaidi|Faisal bin Turki]]'''
| nickname11   = 
| native11     = {{lang|ar|فيصل بن تركي}}
| life11       = {{Birth date|1864|6|8|df=y}} –<br/>{{Death date and age|1913|10|5|1864|6|8|df=y}}
| reignstart11 = 4 June 1888
| reignend11   = 5 October 1913
| notes11      = Son of Turki bin Said
| family11     = Al Bu Said
| image11      = Faysal bin Turki.jpg
| alt11        = Faisal bin Turki
| name12       = '''[[Taimur bin Feisal|Taimur bin Faisal]]'''
| nickname12   = 
| native12     = {{lang|ar|تيمور بن فيصل}}
| life12       = 1886 –<br/>{{Death date and age|1965|1|28|1886|1|1|df=y}}
| reignstart12 = 5 October 1913
| reignend12   = 10 February 1932<br>{{small|(abdicated)}}
| notes12      = Son of Faisal bin Turki
| family12     = Al Bu Said
| image12      = Taimur bin Feisal (cropped).png
| alt12        = Taimur bin Faisal
| name13       = '''[[Said bin Taimur]]'''
| nickname13   = 
| native13     = {{lang|ar|سعيد بن تيمور‎}}
| life13       = {{Birth date|1910|8|13|df=y}} –<br/>{{Death date and age|1972|10|19|1910|8|13|df=y}}
| reignstart13 = 10 February 1932
| reignend13   = 23 July 1970<br>{{small|([[1970 Omani coup d'état|deposed]])}}
| notes13      = Son of Taimur bin Faisal
| family13     = Al Bu Said
| image13      = Said bin Taimur (cropped).png
| alt13        = Said bin Taimur
| name14       = '''[[Qaboos bin Said]]'''
| nickname14   = 
| native14     = {{lang|ar|قابوس بن سعيد}}
| life14       = {{Birth date|1940|11|18|df=y}} –<br/>{{Death date and age|2020|1|10|1940|11|18|df=y}}
| reignstart14 = 23 July 1970
| reignend14   = 10 January 2020
| notes14      = Son of Said bin Taimur
| family14     = Al Bu Said
| image14      = Omani Qaboos bin Said Al Said 2 (cropped).jpg
| alt14        = Qabus bin Said
| name15       = '''[[Haitham bin Tariq]]'''
| nickname15   = 
| native15     = {{lang|ar|هيثم بن طارق}}
| life15       = {{Birth date and age|1955|10|11|df=y}}
| reignstart15 = 11 January 2020 
| reignend15   = Incumbent
| notes15      = Grandson of Taimur bin Faisal
| family15     = Al Bu Said
| image15      = Haitham bin Tariq Al Said in 2024 ( هَيْثَم بْن طَارِق آل سَعِيد ) (cropped).jpg
| alt15        = Haitham bin Tariq
}}

==Succession==
{{trim|{{#section-h:Qaboos bin Said al Said|Succession}}}}

On 12 January 2021, the current Sultan, [[Haitham bin Tariq]] officially changed the Basic Law of the State, stipulating the creation of the post for the [[Crown Prince of Oman]] and appointed his first son, [[Theyazin bin Haitham]] as the apparent successor, making him the first Crown Prince of the Sultanate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 January 2021|title=Sultan's eldest son will become Oman's crown prince, new decree says|url=https://arab.news/5px24|access-date=13 January 2021|website=Arab News|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Oman}}
* [[History of Oman]]
* [[Sultanate of Zanzibar]]
** [[List of sultans of Zanzibar]]

==References==
;General
* {{cite web|url=http://www.omanet.om/english/history/omanrulers1.asp|title=Oman's Rulers Through History (Pre-Islam – 12th Century AD)|publisher=Ministry of Information of the Sultanate of Oman|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622005650/http://www.omanet.om/english/history/omanrulers1.asp|archive-date=22 June 2011}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.omanet.om/english/history/omanrulers.asp|title=Oman's Rulers Through History (13th Century AD – 18th Century AD)|publisher=Ministry of Information of the Sultanate of Oman|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926130615/http://www.omanet.om/english/history/omanrulers.asp|archive-date=26 September 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.omanet.om/english/history/dynasty.asp|title=The Al Bu Said Dynasty|publisher=Ministry of Information of the Sultanate of Oman|access-date=19 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512034853/http://www.omanet.om/english/history/dynasty.asp|archive-date=12 May 2010}}
;Specific
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |author=Salil-Ibn Razik |others=trans. Reverend George Percy Badger |title=الشعاع الشائع باللمعان في ذكر أئمة عمان |trans-title=History of the Imams and Seyyids of Oman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LuvpDTkkF7sC |year=2004 |orig-year=First published 1871 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-1-4179-4787-4 |ref=Sal71}}

{{Sultans of Oman}}
{{Oman topics}}
{{Monarchies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Oman}}
[[Category:Omani monarchy]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Oman]]
[[Category:Oman history-related lists|Rulers]]
[[Category:Omani imams| ]]
[[Category:Sultans of Oman| ]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia|Oman]]