View source for Little Manila

{{short description|Community with a large Filipino immigrant and descendant population}}
{{Infobox Chinese|title=Little Manila|pic=KrystalCafe JohnnyAirCargo WoodsideQueensNY Commons.JPG|piccap=Little Manila in [[Woodside, Queens]], New York City|tgl=Munting Maynila<br>Maliit na Maynila}}
A '''Little Manila''' ({{langx|fil|Munting Maynila}} or {{lang|fil|Maliit na Maynila}}), also known as a '''Manilatown''' ({{langx|fil|Bayang Maynila}}) or '''Filipinotown''' ({{langx|fil|Bayang Pilipino}}), is a community with a large [[Filipinos|Filipino]] immigrant and descendant population. Little Manilas are enclaves of [[overseas Filipinos]], a term for Filipinos living outside of the [[Philippines]] indefinitely or for a limited period. It can also include [[Sailor|seamen]] and others who work outside the Philippines, but are neither permanent nor temporary residents of another country.

==Characteristics==

===Filipino markets and Businesses===
{{See also|Asian supermarket}}
According to Rick Bonus, author of ''Locating Filipino Americans: Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space'', "...Filipinos only deal with Filipinos." The author meant that Filipino society is very "tightly bound" and tends to only purchase Filipino products only from known Filipino grocery stores, even though the same products may be available at more mainstream retailers.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kub5edzzP50C&pg=PA78|title=Locating Filipino Americans: Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space|author=Rick Bonus|year=2000|isbn=9781566397797}}</ref>

===Filipino restaurants===
{{See also|Filipino cuisine}}
[[File:Philippine Food.jpg|right|thumb|350px|A selection of Filipino dishes]]
Many Filipinos who grow up in a Filipino enclave experience a yearning for Filipino food. For example, one author stated that "... my stomach was trained at an early age to love Filipino food. I ate [[tocino]] (sweet pork) and [[longanisa]] (sweet sausage) for breakfast, and had [[Philippine adobo|adobo]], [[pancit]], and beef [[Kaldereta|caldereta]] for dinner... White kids... would make faces at my food and ask what I was eating."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M6qh3BD1KyoC&pg=PA72|title=Filipino American Psychology: A Collection of Personal Narratives|first=Kevin L. Nadal|last=Ph.D|date=July 15, 2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781452001906|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Locations==
{{Main|Overseas Filipinos|Overseas Filipino Workers}}

===Australia===
====Sydney====
There are about 85,000 Filipino-Australians in the area controlled by [[Blacktown]] City Council. Philippine-born residents comprise 5.9% of the population in the City of Blacktown and are the largest directly born ethnic group in Blacktown. More than fifty percent of Filipino-Australians are based in New South Wales.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Filipino food shops exist around [[Blacktown railway station]].

====Melbourne====
"... in different areas of Metropolitan Melbourne, with the greatest number settling down in the western suburbs." [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604165444/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~filipino/ Filipinos in Victoria], a website from Vicnet, a division of the State Library of Victoria.

===Canada===
====Manitoba====
=====Winnipeg=====
[[Winnipeg]] is home to 56,400 Filipinos, making them the third largest Filipino community in Canada by total population, however the largest by percentage (8.7%).<ref name="Racial Demographics of Canadian Cities">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm|title=Census Program|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=January 15, 2001|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> The Filipino community in Winnipeg is the largest visible minority group in Winnipeg ahead of the Chinese-Canadians and Indo-Canadians (but excluding aboriginal Canadians, who are not counted as a "visible minority" by Statistics Canada). Winnipeg is home to the more established Filipino community in Canada with mass migration beginning in the 1950s.

About 1 out of 10 Filipinos in Canada call Winnipeg home. There is also a Filipino community centre called The Philippine Canadian Centre of Manitoba (PCCM) providing social and service to the Filipino community and also holds events such as [[Folklorama]]. There are also Filipino newspapers such as ''The Pilipino Express News Magazine'', ''The Filipino Journal'', and ''Ang Peryodiko''. There is also a radio station, [[CKJS]], which broadcasts Filipino related news, music, lifestyle and much more.

Winnipeg's Filipino population is largely concentrated in the [[West End, Winnipeg|West End]] and [[North End, Winnipeg|North End]] areas of the city. The neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Arlington Street is 45% Filipino,<ref>[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CT&Code1=1934&Data=Count&SearchText=R3E0B8&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=2 NHS Profile, 0029.00, Manitoba, 2011], [[Statistics Canada]]</ref> and the neighborhood around Sargent Avenue and Wall Street is 47% Filipino.<ref>[http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CT&Code1=1935&Data=Count&SearchText=R3E2S1&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=2 NHS Profile, 0030.00, Manitoba, 2011], [[Statistics Canada]]</ref><ref>Petz, Sarah. [https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/filipinos-find-a-home-in-winnipeg-as-family-ties-drive-immigration-in-manitoba Filipinos find a home in Winnipeg as family ties drive immigration in Manitoba], ''[[National Post]]'', May 29, 2014.</ref>

There were reports of a proposal to establish a Filipino cultural district that is seeking community consultations.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/filipino-district-winnipeg-joseph-orobia-1.5478221| title = Winnipeg architect has a vision for a future Filipino district in city {{!}} CBC News}}</ref>

====Ontario====
=====Greater Toronto Area=====
Toronto, in the province of Ontario, is home to the largest Filipino contingency in Canada with over 250,000 living in Toronto and its suburbs. Toronto's population is 5% Filipino and they are the fourth-largest visible minority group. Toronto is the premier destination for Filipino immigrants and tourists with about 9,000 coming every year.

======Downtown Toronto======
Downtown Toronto is home to over 670,000 people of which 3% or over 20,000 are of Filipino origin. Most Filipinos living in Downtown Toronto live in the neighbourhoods of [[St. James Town]], where Filipinos make the largest visible minority group accounting for 22% of the population, and [[Parkdale, Toronto|Parkdale]], particularly around Jameson Avenue.

Compared to other parts of Toronto, Downtown Toronto has a small number of Filipino businesses. In St. James Town and the surrounding neighbourhoods, there are a few businesses and offices scattered around the area. Some of these include a store ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090329052830/http://www.philippinevariety.com/ Philippine Variety Store]), a take-out restaurant (Wow Philippines! Eat Bulaga!), and a dental office (Dr. Victoria Santiago and Associates). The community centre (The Filipino Centre, Toronto) has moved to the suburb of Scarborough.

======North York======
[[North York]], the northern inner suburb of [[Toronto]], is home to over 620,000 people of which about 4% or over 25,000 are of Filipino origin. North York's Filipino community is concentrated primarily around [[Clanton Park, Toronto|Clanton Park]] and [[Flemingdon Park]].

The main thoroughfare of Bathurst street is generally populated by Filipino residents. In Clanton Park, the intersection of Bathurst Street and Wilson Avenue is the site of a high concentration of Filipino businesses.  Due to their active presence, the area is unofficially called "Little Manila." Street festivals occur during the summer season. The biggest Filipino street festival called Taste of Manila is held at this location.  

Across the Overlea Bridge from Thorncliffe Park, Flemingdon Park is home to many Filipinos. Of the almost 25,000 residents of Flemingdon Park, about 2,500 are of Filipino descent. Like most high-rise communities in Toronto, Flemingdon Park witnessed the growth of their Filipino community during the 1970s and 80s.

Filipinos make up the majority, or about 60%, of the congregation at St. John XXIII Parish. For many years, the Filipino Chaplaincy of the Archdiocese of Toronto was housed at the church. Mass was held every Sunday in Tagalog, Simbang Gabi masses were held every year and devotions to Sto. Nino and the Black Nazarene were held while the Filipino Chaplaincy was active at St. John XXIII Parish. The Filipino Chaplaincy left the parish in the August 2008 for Our Lady of Assumption Parish in the Bathurst Street area. The school adjacent to the parish, St. John XXIII Catholic School, is also attended by predominantly Filipino students.<ref>{{cite web | last=Cabana | first=Ysh | title=Toronto's Little Manila | url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/toronto-little-manila | date=November 16, 2022 | access-date=October 20, 2023}}</ref>

======Scarborough======
[[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]], the eastern part of [[Toronto]] is home to about 600,000 people with about 7% or over 40,000 people are of Filipino origin. [[Filipino Canadian]]s are the third largest [[Asian Canadian]] subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group in Scarborough.

Filipino establishments and offices dot the Scarborough landscape with almost every mall and plaza having at least one Filipino establishment. Some of the popular restaurants are Marcy Fine Foods, Remely's, Kapitbahay, Tagpuan(4 branches in Scarborough and 1 downtown), JJ Kapuso, Jesse Jr., Laguna, Palma’s, Coffee In, Edge barbecue and FV Foods. Home of Empanada, Nette’s, Manila Bakery and Baker's Best all specialize in Filipino sweets and breads. US-based, Filipino-owned grocery chain Seafood City has a branch here. Most of these establishments double as a store with imported Filipino products. Many remittance and door to door services have offices in Scarborough such as Mabini Express, PNB, Forex, UMAC Express Cargo, Gemini Express, and RemitX. The community centre (The Filipino Centre, Toronto) is now located at the southeast corner of Brimley and Sheppard Avenue. It was formerly located downtown.

======Mississauga======
[[Mississauga]], a city immediately west of Toronto and [[Canada]]'s sixth-largest city, is home to over 700,000 people of which 4.6% or just over 30,000 are of Filipino origin. [[Filipino Canadian]]s constitute the third largest [[Asian Canadian]] subgroup and fourth largest visible minority group. Tagalog is the 7th most spoken language in the city. The growth of Mississauga's Filipino community is mostly due to its proximity to Toronto.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Mississauga has many Filipino establishments and professional offices scattered throughout the city. Some of the popular establishments are Something Sweet 4 U (2 branches), Maharlika's, Halo Halo World Cafe. There are several stores that specialize in Filipino goods and many [[Asian supermarket]]s carry Filipino products. US-based, Filipino-owned grocery chain Seafood City has a branch here. There are many professional offices, mainly dental and law offices.

Mississauga plays host to many Filipino cultural events. Mississauga has two Filipino community centres, Kalayaan Community Centre and The Fiesta Filipina Centre for the Arts. Mississauga Valley Park hosts many community events including the Kalayaan Independence Day Picnic and the Philippine Colleges and Universities Alumni Associations Summerfest. At the city centre, [[Mississauga Celebration Square]] hosts the annual Philippine Festival.

====Quebec====
=====Montreal=====
[[Montreal]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Montreal's Filipino community calls for place at the table as city grapples with youth violence |date=2022-01-19 |website=[[CBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628205231/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-filipino-community-more-inclusion-1.6320284 |archive-date=2023-06-28 |url-status=live |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-filipino-community-more-inclusion-1.6320284}}</ref> the largest city in Quebec, also hosts the largest Filipino community in the province of [[Quebec]]. The sixth largest Filipino community in Canada, [[Montreal]] is home to nearly 44,000 Filipinos. Filipinos in Montreal are concentrated in the [[Snowdon, Montreal|Snowdon]] neighbourhood and around [[Quebec Autoroute 15|Decarie Expressway]], both areas have many Filipino establishments and professional offices. The Filipino Association of Montreal and Suburbs is an advocacy group for Filipino Canadians active in and around the city of [[Montreal]]. It is the oldest such association in [[Quebec]].<ref>[http://www.filamimage.com/2007_TOFA/mschachter.html Marlene Birao Schachter<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314024712/http://www.filamimage.com/2007_TOFA/mschachter.html |date=March 14, 2008 }}</ref>

===Hong Kong===
{{Main|Filipinos in Hong Kong}}

===Indonesia===
{{Main|Filipinos in Indonesia}}

===Italy===
{{See also|Filipino Italian}}

In [[Palermo]], [[Italy]], the predominantly Filipino quarter is called Little Tondo.<ref>[http://www.igma.tv/article.php?articleid=1180 Official GMA TV Network, iGMA.tv], retrieved on: 12 June 2007</ref> Italy is home to 250,000 Filipinos.

=== Japan ===
{{Main|Filipinos in Japan}}
In Takenotsuka, [[Adachi, Tokyo|Adachi Ward]], [[Tokyo]], there is an unrecognised Little Manila that mainly comprises a selection of Filipino pubs.

=== Kuwait ===
{{main|Filipinos in Kuwait}}
There are roughly 241,000 (as of December 2020) Filipinos in Kuwait. Most are migrant workers,<ref name=amnesty>{{Cite web|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=68858|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209230026/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=68858|url-status=dead|title=Kuwait grants amnesty to illegal aliens|archivedate=February 9, 2012}}</ref> and approximately 60% of Filipinos in Kuwait are employed as [[domestic worker]]s.

In 2011, Kuwait was the sixth-largest destination of [[Overseas Filipino Workers]], with 65,000 hired or rehired in the nation in 2011, and accordingly Kuwait has been an important source of [[remittance]]s back to the Philippines, with over $105 million [[United States dollar|USD]] being remitted in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/AG%202012-04%20-%20OFW.pdf|title=Overseas Filipino Workers At A Glance|date=May 2012|publisher=[[Senate of the Philippines]]|accessdate=6 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="KCIC">{{cite web|url=https://expatcrossing.com/contribution-rose-from-ofw-to-the-philippine-economy|title=Contribution Rose from OFWs to the Philippine Economy|date=May 2021|publisher=[[Expat Crossing]]|access-date=2021-05-16|archive-date=2021-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516082640/https://expatcrossing.com/contribution-rose-from-ofw-to-the-philippine-economy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nine Filipino banks have [[correspondent account]]s with banks in Kuwait to allow for remittance transfers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smc.org.ph/MAPID/MAPID%20CD/Italy%20pdf%20file/012.III.3%20ANNEX%201%20Philippine%20Banks%20with%20Remittance%20Network%20Abroad.pdf|title=Philippine Banks With Remittance Networks Abroad|publisher=Scalabrini Migration Center|pages=5|accessdate=6 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309054437/http://www.smc.org.ph/MAPID/MAPID%20CD/Italy%20pdf%20file/012.III.3%20ANNEX%201%20Philippine%20Banks%20with%20Remittance%20Network%20Abroad.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There is a Filipino Worker's Resource Center (FWRC) located in [[Jabriya]], and it provides refuge for Filipino workers in Kuwait who have "[experienced] various forms of maltreatment from their employers such as fatigue, non-payment of salaries,"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/NewsDetails/tabid/96/smid/414/ArticleID/184406/reftab/96/t/Seventy-distressed-HSWs-repatriated-to-Philippines/Default.aspx|title=Seventy Distressed HSWs Repatriated To Philippines|date=12 June 2012|publisher=Arab Times|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> as well as "lack of food [and] physical, verbal and sexual abuse".<ref name="Arab2">{{cite news|url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/NewsDetails/tabid/96/smid/414/ArticleID/170034/reftab/96/t/131-distressed-Pinoys-fly-home-to-Philippines/Default.aspx|title=131 Distressed Pinoys Fly Home To Philippines|date=7 June 2012|publisher=Arab Times|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> Through assistance from the FWRC, the Philippine Embassy in Kuwait, the [[Philippine Overseas Employment Administration]], and Overseas Workers' Welfare Administration, hundreds of Filipinos in Kuwait have been repatriated to the Philippines due to these issues.<ref name="Arab2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/274878/pinoyabroad/news/dfa-31-ofws-repatriated-from-kuwait-400-more-to-come-home-soon|title=DFA: 31 OFWs repatriated from Kuwait, 400 more to come home soon|date=20 September 2012|publisher=GMA News|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>

Kuwait had the largest number of voters registered under the [[Overseas Absentee Voting Act]] eligible to vote in the [[2013 Philippine general election]].<ref name="Arab1">{{cite news|url=http://www.arabtimesonline.com/NewsDetails/tabid/96/smid/414/ArticleID/182646/reftab/96/t/Kuwait-Filipinos-top-OAV-globally/Default.aspx|title=Kuwait Filipinos Top OAV Globally|date=1 May 2012|publisher=Arab Times|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref>

===Malaysia===
{{See also|Filipinos in Malaysia}}
Due to the close geographical location, Malaysia is home to one of the largest Filipino communities in the world which estimate to be around 245,000 and 637,000 individuals.<ref name="no">{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view/20090206-187868/No-foreign-workers-layoffs-in-Malaysia |title=No foreign workers' layoffs in Malaysia |last=Uy |first=Vernoica |date=6 February 2009 |publisher=Global Enquirer |access-date=16 February 2009 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209101514/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view/20090206-187868/No-foreign-workers-layoffs-in-Malaysia |archive-date=9 February 2009 }}</ref><ref name="ops">{{Cite book|url=http://www.ops.gov.ph/namsummit2003/backgrounder.htm |chapter=Filipino workers in Malaysia |title=The Non-Aligned Movement |publisher=Office of the Press Secretary |location=Philippines |year=2003 |access-date=2008-11-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423065955/http://www.ops.gov.ph/namsummit2003/backgrounder.htm |archive-date=2009-04-23 }}</ref> The presence of the Filipinos in Malaysia has been continuous since antiquity. The Filipinos are mainly concentrated in the eastern shores in [[Sabah]] where the influence is evident, spurning ghettos in the state such as in [[Pulau Gaya]]. Another sizable community also resides in the [[Klang Valley|Kuala Lumpur metropolitan]] region. The Filipinos in Malaysia are represented in all walks of life, beginning from the refugees from the south to professionals.

===Saudi Arabia===
{{Main|Filipinos in Saudi Arabia}}
There are many cities in Saudi Arabia where Filipinos have made businesses. For example, in [[Khobar|Al Khobar]]‚ in the eastern province, Filipinos are the majority of the visitors in the Al Ramaniyah Mall‚ where one will find the only [[Jollibee|Jollibee Restaurant]] in Eastern Province. There are several Philippine eateries or restaurants in the city. There are also Filipino stores named "Kadiwa" where they sell Philippine products and vegetables such as kangkong and malunggay.

In the city of Jeddah, there is a place called Balad along Jeddah City Center and Jeddah International Market along Madinah Road where Filipinos gather the most during weekends. Surrounded with shopping malls which caters to mainly Filipino customers, you will find everything Filipino from restaurants, groceries and goods from the Philippines. There are three Jollibee Restaurants in Jeddah alone which makes it for Filipinos in Jeddah less likely to miss their comfort Filipino cuisines from home.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

===Singapore===
{{see also|Filipinos in Singapore}}

An unrecognised Little Manila exists at the [[Lucky Plaza]], where there are numerous Filipino restaurants, remittance agencies, Filipino beauty salons, Filipino medical offices, and Filipino stores.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://axiomfrenzysingapore.blogspot.com/2011/10/lucky-plazathe-little-manila-in.html|title=Lucky Plaza..The Little Manila in Singapore|work=axiomfrenzysingapore.Blogspot.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

===South Korea===
{{Main|Filipinos in South Korea}}
A Little Manila exists in the city of [[Seoul]] where many Filipinos work and live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryeats.com/2006/10/06/little-manila/|title=Little Manila|work=MaryEats.com|access-date=13 February 2017|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218101505/http://maryeats.com/2006/10/06/little-manila/|archive-date=18 February 2012}}</ref> The main area where Filipinos congregate and mingle is in the [[Hyehwa-dong|Hyehwa]] (혜화동) area of Seoul near the Hyehwa Catholic Church. On Sundays‚ Outside the church on the Hyehwa rotary before and after mass, there are many stalls selling various ''balikbayan'' goods from the Philippines as well as the United States and some stalls selling snacks and food.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/today/infocus/specialreport/1236752_5093.php |title=Youthful vibes and artistic endeavors merge in an area that never sleeps |publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Government |access-date=6 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705025818/http://english.seoul.go.kr/today/infocus/specialreport/1236752_5093.php |archive-date=July 5, 2007 }}</ref>

===Spain===
{{see also|Spanish people of Filipino ancestry}}

The district of [[Tetuán (Madrid)|Tetuán]] in [[Madrid]] is home to the city's largest concentration of Filipinos,<ref name="filipinomajority">{{cite news | title=Los filipinos ya son los extranjeros mayoritarios en Tetuán y los chinos en Arganzuela | trans-title=Filipinos are now the largest group of foreigners in Tetuán and the Chinese in Arganzuela | url=https://www.europapress.es/madrid/noticia-filipinos-ya-son-extranjeros-mayoritarios-tetuan-chinos-arganzuela-20160410113339.html | language=es | publisher=[[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]] | date=April 10, 2016 | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> with Filipinos forming the largest immigrant group in four of the district's six neighborhoods.<ref name="filipinomajority2">{{cite news | title=Los chinos ya son los extranjeros mayoritarios en 19 barrios madrileños y los filipinos en 8 | trans-title=The Chinese are now the largest group of foreigners in 19 Madrid neighborhoods and the Filipinos in 8 | url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/madrid/20180429/443119460042/los-chinos-ya-son-los-extranjeros-mayoritarios-en-19-barrios-madrilenos-y-los-filipinos-en-8.html | language=es | work=[[La Vanguardia]] | date=April 29, 2018 | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> In [[Barcelona]], the majority of Filipinos living in the city is concentrated in the northern half of [[El Raval]],<ref name="barcelona">{{cite news | last=Márquez Daniel | first=Carlos | title=Filipinos: la comunidad silente de Barcelona | trans-title=Filipinos: the silent community of Barcelona | url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/barcelona/20201120/comunidad-filipina-barcelona-raval-8213971 | language=es | work=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] | date=November 20, 2020 | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref> which is reportedly home to fifteen percent of all Filipino citizens in Spain and is also home to most of the local community's cultural and social institutions.<ref name="barcelona2">{{cite news | last1=Pareja | first1=Pol | last2=Calvó | first2=Sònia | title=220 menús diarios y lo que haga falta: la discreta red de ayuda entre los filipinos para evitar el colapso de la comunidad | trans-title=220 meals of the day and whatever is needed: the discreet help network between Filipinos to avert community collapse | url=https://www.eldiario.es/catalunya/filipinos-barcelona-derrumbe-comunidad-precariedad_1_6047044.html | language=es | work=[[elDiario.es]] | date=May 30, 2020 | access-date=October 15, 2021}}</ref>

===Taiwan===
There are about 77,933 Filipino workers in Taiwan, with 53,868 of them working in the manufacturing sector and 22,994 people working as caregivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinoy-ofw.com/news|title=Pinoy OFW - Overseas Filipino Workers|website=News|date=14 November 2021 }}</ref> In Taipei, Little Manila is located in Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan District. Shops and stalls that cater the needs of the Filipino expatriates were established near the Saint Christopher's Roman Catholic Church as most of the church goers are Filipinos or locals with Filipino lineage. [[Balut (food)|Balut]] is also sold in this location in Taipei.

===United Arab Emirates===
The district of Karama and Satwa in [[Dubai]] is home to thousands of Filipinos working in Dubai. St. Mary's Church is the focal meeting centre of the Filipino community.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

===United Kingdom===
{{See also|Filipinos in the United Kingdom}}

The largest Filipino community in the [[United Kingdom]] is in and around [[Greater London|London]], based around [[Earl's Court]]. Other towns and cities with significant Filipino communities include [[Liverpool]], [[Manchester]], [[Birmingham]], [[Leeds]] and [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. Fiestas are held during June, July and August in various cities throughout the UK. The biggest and longest-running Filipino festival in the UK is 'The Barrio Fiesta sa London', held every year in [[Lampton|Lampton Park]], [[London Borough of Hounslow|Hounslow]], [[West London]], usually in the month of July.

This event, organised by The Philippine Centre (a voluntary, non-governmental organisation and registered charity in the UK), has been going strong since 1985. It used to be a one-day event on a Sunday, but since 2003, it was extended to two days covering the weekend of both Saturday and Sunday, in order to accommodate all those attending due to a huge boost in visitors and the ever-increasing number of Filipinos in the UK. The Barrio Fiesta sa London is now in its {{Ordinal|{{Years ago|1984}}}} year as of {{CURRENTISOYEAR}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

===United States===
{{Main|Filipino American}}

====California====
The [[2010 United States Census|2010 U.S. census]], counted approximately 1.2 million Filipino Americans (not including multiracial persons) in California, by far the largest number in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=CA: home to 1.2M Pinoys |author=Jun Medina |url=http://filamstar.net/index.php?id=3498 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127022011/http://filamstar.net/index.php?id=3498 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 27, 2012 |newspaper=FilAm Star |date=8 July 2011 |access-date=5 January 2012}}</ref> [[Greater Los Angeles area|Greater Los Angeles]] is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipino Americans, with the population numbering over 600,000.<ref name="GLA2010USC"/> [[Los Angeles County]] alone accounts for 374,285 Filipinos,<ref name="GLA2010USC">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_PCT7&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213039/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_PCT7&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2020 |title=ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS |work=2010 Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=5 January 2012}}</ref> the most of any single county in the United States. The [[San Francisco Bay Area]] is the metropolitan area with the second largest number of Filipino Americans in the U.S., with a population of over 460,000 as of the 2010 Census.<ref name="GLA2010USC" />

Elsewhere in California, [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]] has the second largest Filipino American population of any county in the nation, with a population of about 180,000, and [[Stockton, California|Stockton]] in the Central Valley has a significant and historic Filipino population.<ref name="GLA2010USC" /> Although there's no "Little Manila", there's a large Filipino community in [[Delano, California|Delano]] north of [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]] in the San Joaquin Valley, it has a Filipino cultural community center<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Filipino+Community+Cultural+Center+Of+Delano/@35.7751557,-119.2503329,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xd7da0091e105ee73!8m2!3d35.7751557!4d-119.2503329|title=Filipino Community Cultural Center Of Delano|website=Filipino Community Cultural Center Of Delano}}</ref> and an annual Filipino festival.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kerngoldenempire.com/kget-hot-link/filipino-community-festival-begins-thursday-in-delano/776614011 |title=Filipino community festival begins Thursday in Delano - Story |access-date=2017-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911210510/http://www.kerngoldenempire.com/kget-hot-link/filipino-community-festival-begins-thursday-in-delano/776614011 |archive-date=2017-09-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=====Greater Los Angeles=====
{{Main|Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles}}

[[Greater Los Angeles area|Greater Los Angeles]] is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipinos outside of the Philippines, with the population numbering around 606,657;<ref>{{cite web |title=Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA; California |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF2/SF2DP1/340M100US06348/popgroup~038 |work=2010 Census Summary File 2 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210064841/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF2/SF2DP1/340M100US06348/popgroup~038 |archive-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Los Angeles County]] alone accounts for over 374,285 Filipinos,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF2/SF2DP1/0500000US06037/popgroup~038?slice=GEO~0500000US06037 |title=Filipino alone or in any combination |work=2010 Census Summary File 2 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210064937/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF2/SF2DP1/0500000US06037/popgroup~038?slice=GEO~0500000US06037 |archive-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the most of any single county in the United States.<ref name="Atlas of American Diversity">{{cite book|author1=Larry Hajime Shinagawa|author2=Michael Jang|title=Atlas of American Diversity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B5w9P64051oC&pg=PA46|year=1998|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7619-9128-1|page=46}}</ref> Greater Los Angeles is also home to the largest number of Filipino immigrants (16 percent of the total Filipino immigrant population of the United States), as of 2011.<ref name="MPIjun2013">{{cite journal |url=http://migrationpolicy.org/article/filipino-immigrants-united-states |title=Filipino Immigrants in the United States |first1=Sierra |last1=Stoney |first2=Jeanne |last2=Batalova |date=5 June 2013 |journal=Migration Information Source |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |issn=1946-4037 |access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>

Filipinos are the largest group of Asian Americans in the region. The [[Los Angeles|City of Los Angeles]] designated a section of [[Westlake, Los Angeles, California|Westlake]] as [[Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles|Historic Filipinotown]] in 2002. Historic Filipinotown is now largely populated by [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] with most Filipinos who once resided in the area and the city in general having moved to the suburbs.<ref name="Montoya2009">{{cite book|author=Carina Monica Montoya|title=Los Angeles's Historic Filipinotown|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQzdqdB3AIsC&pg=PA7|year=2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-6954-3|page=7}}</ref><ref name="PulidoBarraclough2012">{{cite book|author1=Laura Pulido|author2=Laura R. Barraclough|author3=Wendy Cheng|title=A People's Guide to Los Angeles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XI6c--mh-UC&pg=PA27|year=2012|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-27081-7|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Pyong Gap Min|title=Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PSYZMs8TzEC&pg=PA188|year=2006|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4129-0556-5|page=188}}</ref> In 2014, about a quarter of Historic Filipinotown's population is Filipino, however the population does not have a significant "visible cultural impact";.<ref>{{cite news |last=Trinidad |first=Elson |date=2 August 2012 |title=L.A.'s Historic Filipinotown Turns Ten: What's Changed? |url=http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/commentary/los-angeles-historic-filipinotown-turns-ten-whats-changed.html |newspaper=KCET |access-date=2 December 2014 }}</ref>

The [[San Gabriel Valley]] is home to a large population of Filipino Americans, particularly in the cities of [[West Covina, California|West Covina]], [[Walnut, California|Walnut]], [[Diamond Bar, California|Diamond Bar]], [[Rowland Heights, California|Rowland Heights]], and [[Chino Hills, California|Chino Hills]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Arax |first=Mark |date=5 April 1987 |title=San Gabriel Valley : Asian Influx Alters Life in Suburbia |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-04-05-mn-351-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=1 December 2014 |quote=Farther east--in Hacienda Heights, Rowland Heights, Walnut and West Covina--full-fledged Korean and Filipino communities that are among the largest in the state have taken root. }}</ref><ref name="OngBonacichCheng">{{cite book|author1=Paul M. Ong|author2=Edna Bonacich|author3=Lucie Cheng|author3-link=Lucie Cheng|title=The New Asian Immigration in Los Angeles and Global Restructuring|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Go_ZBQhMEvMC&pg=PA121|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0158-8|page=121}}</ref><ref name="ZhaoPh.D.2013">{{cite book|author1=Xiaojian Zhao|author2=Edward J.W. Park Ph.D.|title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History &#91;3 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1039|date=26 November 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-240-1|pages=1039–1042}}</ref> Other large concentrations of Filipino Americans in Los Angeles County can be found in the South Bay area in the cities of [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], and [[Carson, California|Carson]],<ref name="Nadal2011-1">{{cite book|author=Kevin Nadal|title=Filipino American Psychology: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zN7-s84jAkoC&pg=PT27|date=23 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-01977-1|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Darryl V. Caterine|title=Conservative Catholicism and the Carmelites: Identity, Ethnicity, and Tradition in the Modern Church|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENZ_WUdI4QoC&pg=PA43|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-34011-X|page=43}}<br />{{cite book|author1=Florante Peter Ibanez|author2=Roselyn Estepa Ibanez|title=Filipinos in Carson and the South Bay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ6tLcm9yK4C&pg=PA8|year=2009|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-7036-5|page=8}}<br />{{cite news |last=Ochoa |first=Cecile Caguingin |date=3 November 2013 |title=Carson, California commemoration caps Fil-Am history month |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/89415/carson-california-commemoration-caps-fil-am-history-month/ |newspaper=Inquirer |access-date=1 December 2014 |quote=After all, it is reputed to be the fourth city in the US with the highest percentage of Filipinos–approximately 20,000 out of its total 92,000 residents. }}<br />{{cite news |last=Texeira |first=Erin |date=27 November 2000 |title=Carson, a Model of Multiracial Politics, Hit by Discord |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57847-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=1 December 2014 |quote= In recent decades, Filipino newcomers have arrived at a rapid rate, now making up about 20 percent of Carson's population and 24 percent of the teens at the high school, according to city estimates. }}</ref> where "[[Larry Itliong]] Day" was dedicated,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Xiaojian Zhao|author2=Edward J.W. Park Ph.D.|title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History &#91;3 volumes&#93;: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA578|date=26 November 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-240-1|page=578}}</ref> [[Panorama City, California|Panorama City]] in the San Fernando Valley, and the [[Cerritos, California|Cerritos]]-[[Norwalk, California|Norwalk]]-[[La Palma, California|La Palma]] area.<ref name="OngBonacichCheng"/><ref name="ZhaoPh.D.2013"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Marich|title=Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies Used by Major Studios and Independents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZ7cAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267|date=18 April 2005|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-136-06862-1|page=267}}<br />{{cite book|author1=Rhonda Phillips|author2=Robert H. Pittman|title=An Introduction to Community Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gw2UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA337|date=2 December 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-97722-1|page=337}}<br />{{cite book|author=Rhacel Salazar Parrenas|title=The Force of Domesticity: Filipina Migrants and Globalization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq_A_Tm-JdUC&pg=PA96|date=10 August 2008|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-6789-4|page=96}}</ref>

The city of [[Glendale, California|Glendale]] and [[Eagle Rock, California|Eagle Rock]] neighborhood of Los Angeles is home to a large Filipino community. The Westfield Eagle Rock Plaza Mall has a section with a number of Filipino businesses such as Seafood City, Jollibee, Leelin Bakery, Chow King, and Cebuana Lhullier alongside a Macy's and Target store. [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] also has a sizable and growing Filipino population,<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Population in Orange County |author=Kathie Bozanich |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-16-me-1456-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=16 June 1991 |access-date=15 October 2012 }}<br />{{cite web |url=http://www.anaheim.net/docs_agend/AnaheimProfileII.pdf |title=Census 2000 Demographic Profile II |date=August 2012 |work=Center for Demographic Research |publisher=City of Anaheim |access-date=15 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207231755/http://www.anaheim.net/docs_agend/AnaheimProfileII.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2012 }}<br />{{cite news |title=O.C.'s top 10 immigrant populations |url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/survey-335971-born-foreign.html?pic=10 |newspaper=Orange County Register |date=18 January 2012 |access-date=15 October 2012 }}</ref> whose population grew by 178 percent in the 1980s. Large populations in the county can be found in the cities of [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]], [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], and [[Irvine, California|Irvine]].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Asian Population in Orange County |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-16-me-1456-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=16 June 1991 |access-date=9 December 2014 }}</ref> And also in the [[Inland Empire]] region including [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[Moreno Valley, California|Moreno Valley]], the [[Coachella Valley]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23518756/the_desert_sun/|title=Clipped From The Desert Sun|newspaper=The Desert Sun |date=November 30, 2009|page=1|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> and [[Mojave Desert]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianamericanriverside.ucr.edu/NotableAsianAmericans/Filipinos/|title=Asian American Riverside|work=UCR.edu|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

Historic Filipinotown is a district of Los Angeles, located between the neighborhoods of [[Westlake, Los Angeles|Westlake]] and [[Echo Park, Los Angeles|Echo Park]]. The district's boundaries are defined by the 101 Freeway to the north, Beverly Boulevard to the south, Hoover Street to the west, and Glendale Boulevard to the east, northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. It was created by a resolution proposed by city council member [[Eric Garcetti]] on August 2, 2002. The crosswalks in Filipinotown are decorated with traditional Filipino basket weaving patterns.

Historic Filipinotown is one of the few areas where Filipinos first settled in Los Angeles during the early part of the 20th century. Many Filipino American families began purchasing homes and establishing businesses in the area beginning from the 1940s, shifting away from the [[Little Tokyo, Los Angeles|Little Tokyo]] area in the 1920s and the Bunker Hill area later. In modern times, Historic Filipinotown reflects the polyglot nature of Los Angeles.

While the district still has a sizable Filipino population, they are in the minority, overshadowed by a sizable [[Mexican people|Mexican]] and [[Central America]]n population. Nevertheless, the area still has one of the highest concentrations of Filipino Americans in Southern California and still remains the cultural heart of Filipinos throughout Los Angeles. Of the 100,000 Filipinos that reside in the City of Los Angeles, an estimated 6,900 are within Historic Filipinotown.

The Historic Filipinotown Chamber of Commerce leads the effort for commercial expansion in the area. Many Filipino service organizations and institutions, such as the Remy's on Temple Art Gallery, Tribal Cafe, Pilipino Workers Center (PWC), Filipino American Community of Los Angeles (FACLA), People's CORE, Filipino American Service Group, Inc. (FASGI), Search to Involve Pilipino Americans (SIPA), and the Filipino American Library (FAL) are located in Historic Filipinotown. The area is also host to many Filipino restaurants, medical clinics and churches, including St. Columban Filipino Church, the first Filipino Catholic church in the United States (founded in 1946).

=====San Francisco Bay Area=====

Until the 1970s, there existed a [[Manilatown, San Francisco|Manilatown]] in San Francisco; one of its last remnants was the [[I-Hotel|International Hotel]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Ashley |date=30 April 2011 |title=The International Hotel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/us/01bcintel.html |work= New York Times |access-date=25 April 2018 }}<br />{{cite news |last=Franko |first=Kantele |date=4 August 2007 |title=I-Hotel, 30 years later - Manilatown legacy honored |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/I-Hotel-30-years-later-Manilatown-legacy-3416119.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle  |access-date=25 April 2018 }}</ref> In 2004, part of [[Kearny Street]] in San Francisco was designated Manilatown.<ref>{{cite news |last=Estrella |first=Cicero A. |date=28 July 2004 |title=SAN FRANCISCO / 'Manilatown' will rise again / 2 blocks of Kearny designated to honor Filipino immigrants |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Manilatown-will-rise-again-2-2738327.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=25 April 2018 }}</ref> In April 2016, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established the SOMA Pilipinas Filipino Cultural Heritage District located in San Francisco's [[South of Market, San Francisco|South of Market]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somapilipinas.org/history|title=History|website=SOMA PILIPINAS|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

[[Daly City]], on the [[San Francisco Peninsula|Peninsula]] region of the [[Bay Area]], has the highest concentration of Filipino Americans of any municipality in the mainland United States; Filipino Americans comprise 33% of the city's population (plus another 10% of Filipino descent), as of 2010. It also has a place in the vernacular as the "Pinoy capital", as well as a sister city of Quezon City, Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/bay-area/2011/03/after-100-years-daly-city-reflects-history-diversity|title=After 100 years, Daly City reflects on history of diversity|work=[[San Francisco Examiner]]|author=Terrezas, Alexis|date=19 March 2011|access-date=15 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529055028/http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/bay-area/2011/03/after-100-years-daly-city-reflects-history-diversity|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref>

Directly surrounding Daly City and spanning southeast into the Peninsula subregion are other cities that have significant Filipino American populations, such as [[Colma, California|Colma]], [[Broadmoor, California|Broadmoor]], [[South San Francisco, California|South San Francisco]], and [[San Bruno, California|San Bruno]] where Filipino Americans form 24%, 23%, 20.2% and 15% of the total population, respectively.<ref name="USA rank">{{cite web|url=http://www.usa.com/rank/california-state--filipino-population-percentage--city-rank.htm|title=California Filipino Population Percentage City Rank Based on US Census 2010 data|work=USA.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> The Peninsula city of [[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]] is home to the Filipino television networks of [[ABS-CBN International|ABS-CBN]] and [[The Filipino Channel]] (TFC).

Another cluster with a high concentration of Filipino Americans is centered on [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]] - the largest city in [[Solano County]] and just north (across the [[Carquinez Bridge]]) of the [[East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|East Bay]] in the eastern part of the [[North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|North Bay]]. Vallejo has a population of 116,000, 21% of which are Filipino Americans. Many towns around Vallejo also have high populations. American Canyon, just to the north, is almost 30% Filipino American. To the south, on the northernmost tip of the East Bay, are several towns that many Filipino Americans call home, such as [[Hercules, California|Hercules]], with 25.1%, and (with at least 10% Filipino American) [[Rodeo, California|Rodeo]], [[Pinole, California|Pinole]], and [[Pittsburg, California|Pittsburg]].<ref name="USA rank" />

The suburbanization of the Filipino American population has also resulted in many living within a large swath of land that includes the southern portion of the East Bay and much of [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara County]], which is the county with the largest Filipino American population in the Bay Area - although this is in some part due to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] having nearly one million residents, with 5.6% being Filipino Americans.<ref>{{cite book |title=Filipino American faith in action: immigration, religion, and civic engagement |last=Gonzalez |first=Joaquin Lucero |year=2009 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-3197-0 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vxdJXdqPuuEC&pg=PA26|access-date=27 April 2011}}</ref> Just north of Santa Clara County, in the southern ~ third of the East Bay, are several cities with high populations: [[Union City, California|Union City]] in particular, with 20.1% Filipino Americans, but also (with over 9% of the total population) [[Alameda, California|Alameda]], [[Hayward, California|Hayward]], [[Newark, California|Newark]], and [[San Leandro, California|San Leandro]].<ref name="USA rank" />

=====San Diego=====
In the early 20th century, Filipinos were concentrated in [[downtown San Diego]], particularly around Market Street;<ref>{{cite book|author1=Rubén G. Rumbaut|author1-link=Rubén G. Rumbaut|author2=Alejandro Portes|title=Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nGwUCDe_TkC&pg=PA162|date=10 September 2001|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-23012-5|page=162}}</ref> the area was known as "skid row".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guevarra Jr. |first1=Rudy P. |date=Winter 2008 |title="Skid Row": Filipinos, Race and the Social Construction of Space in San Diego |url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/v54-1/pdf/Guevarra.pdf |journal=The Journal of San Diego History |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=26–38 |access-date=22 May 2018 }}</ref> In the 21st century, Filipino Americans form the largest [[Asian American]] subgroup in San Diego County, at almost 6% of the entire county population. San Diego has historically been a popular destination for Filipino immigrants, and has contributed to the growth of its population.<ref>{{cite book |title=Life in America: identity and everyday experience |last=Baker |first=Lee D. |year=2004 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |location=Malden, Massachusetts |isbn=978-1-4051-0564-4 |page=198 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--9FhG69PP0C&pg=PA197|access-date=27 April 2011}}</ref>

[[National City, California|National City]], a city bordering the south boundary of [[San Diego]], has a large concentration of Filipino residents,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://asianjournalusa.com/grocery-stores-can-impact-obesity-among-filipino-americans-p9859-161.htm |title=Grocery Stores Can Impact Obesity Among Filipino Americans |author=Dr. Ofelia Dirige |newspaper=Asian Journal |date=17 Dec 2010}}</ref> forming almost 17% of the population as of the 2010 Census.<ref name="USA rank" /> Other concentrations include the neighborhoods of [[Mira Mesa, San Diego, California|Mira Mesa]], often referred to as "Manila Mesa",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bakitwhy.com/articles/professional-series-willy-santos-pro-skater |title=Professional Series: Willy Santos - Pro Skater |date=3 March 2009 |work=Bakitwhy.com |publisher=Kasama Media, LLC |access-date=7 March 2012 |quote=Mira Mesa, CA is a region in North County San Diego for its visible and largely Pilipina/o population.}}</ref> [[Rancho Penasquitos]], [[Paradise Hills, San Diego|Paradise Hills]] and along Plaza Boulevard in [[National City, California|National City]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Linda Trinh Võ|title=Mobilizing an Asian American Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etKbIhfnCiYC&pg=PA32|year=2004|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-59213-262-1|page=32}}</ref> A portion of [[California State Route 54]] in San Diego is officially named the "Filipino-American Highway", in honor of the Filipino American Community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_0151-0200/acr_157_bill_20060912_chaptered.pdf |title=Assembly Concurrent Resolution No.157 |publisher=California Secretary of State |access-date=22 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5nAn0JvY1?url=http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/05-06/bill/asm/ab_0151-0200/acr_157_bill_20060912_chaptered.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2010 }}</ref>

=====Stockton=====
{{Main|Little Manila, Stockton, California}}
[[Stockton, California|Stockton]] in the northern [[San Joaquin Valley]] is home to a historic Filipino population that dates back to the 1930s. As of 2010, Filipinos made up 7.2% of Stockton's population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |title=U.S. Census website |publisher=United States Census Bureau |work=Census.gov |access-date=13 February 2017 }}</ref>

====New York====
{{Main|Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area}}
New York State's cumulative Filipino population is at 200,000, mostly within the [[New York, New York|New York City]] area. Within New York City, [[Queens, New York|Queens]] contains the most number of Filipinos in the Empire State. To a lesser extent, Filipino communities are also present in [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]], [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]], and [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]] counties.

=====Woodside, Queens=====
[[File:KrystalCafe JohnnyAirCargo WoodsideQueensNY Commons.JPG|thumb|200px|Krystal's Cafe and Johnny Air Cargo shops on Roosevelt Avenue, Woodside, Queens, New York.]]
[[File:PhilAmGrocryStoreWoodsideQeensNY.JPG|thumbnail|right|120px|The Phil-Am grocery store in Woodside, Queens, New York]]
[[Woodside, New York|Woodside]], [[Queens]] is known for its concentration of Filipinos known as Filipinotown or Little Manila. Along the [[7 (New York City Subway service)|7]] line, known colloquially as the "International Express", the 69th Street station serves as the gateway to Queens' very own Little Manila. This area attracts many local Filipinos and non-Filipinos alike and from neighboring places of [[Long Island, New York|Long Island]], [[Connecticut]], [[Pennsylvania]], and [[New Jersey]]. The coverage of Little Manila is along Roosevelt Avenue, from 63rd Street to 71st Street.

Filipino cafés and restaurants dominate the area, as well as several freight and [[remittance]] centers scattered throughout the neighborhood. Other Filipino-owned businesses including professional services (medical, dental, optical), driving schools, beauty salons, immigration services, and video rental places providing the latest movies from the Philippines dot the community.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Restaurants such as Ihawan, Perlas ng Silangan, Renee's Kitchenette, Fritzie's Bakeshop, Fiesta Grill, Barrio Fiesta and Krystal's Cafe, are the most popular ones, while Philippine remittance and shipping centers such as Johnny Air Cargo, FRS, Edwards Travel, Apholo Shippers, Macro, [[Philippine National Bank]], and [[Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company|Metrobank]] are present in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whatshouldwedo.com/blog/little-manila-woodside-queens/|title=A Culinary Tour of Little Manila in Woodside, Queens|last=Do™|first=What Should We|date=2017-06-14|website=What Should We Do™|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

Establishments such as Eyellusion, Jefelli Photo and Video, Manila Phil-Am Driving, Santos Medical Clinic, Luz-Vi-Minda, Marlyn's Beauty Salon, Marry Indo Beauty Salon, Freddy Lucero Beauty Salon, Dimple Beauty Salon, Bambina Salon, Jan-Mar Technologies, Don's Professional Services, Casino Law Office, Kulay at Gupit, Phil-Am Foodmart, Mabuhay Filipino Store, and Nepa Q Mart are also there to serve the thriving Filipino American community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://events.nytimes.com/2005/01/05/dining/05UNDE.html?ex=1181620800&en=20cb7cc919b58df0&ei=5070|title=The New York Times > Dining & Wine > $25 and Under: Filipino Comfort Food in Woodside|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Jollibee]], a famous fast-food chain in the Philippines, opened its first branch in [[New York City|New York]] in February 2009, selecting Woodside, Queens.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/nyregion/thecity/15joll.html | work=The New York Times | title=Fast Food for the Filipino Soul | first=Mark | last=Foggin | date=15 February 2009 | access-date=11 May 2010}}</ref> [[Red Ribbon (bakeshop)|Red Ribbon Bakeshop]], a sister company of Jollibee, followed suit in January 2010.

[[Bank of the Philippine Islands|BPI]], Getz Travel, Lucky Money Remittance, an office of [[The Filipino Channel|TFC]] and Papa's Kitchen, that offers KAMAYAN night every Friday and Saturday (featured in The NY Times on October 9, 2013/Dining/Hungry City) on 65th Place & Woodside have also opened in Woodside's Little Manila.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/09/dining/reviews/hungry-city-papas-kitchen-in-queens.html | work=The New York Times | first=Ligaya | last=Mishan | title=Hungry City: Papa's Kitchen in Queens | date=3 October 2013 }}</ref>

In February 2008, the Bayanihan Filipino Community Center opened its doors in [[Woodside, New York|Woodside]], a project spearheaded by the Philippine Forum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianjournal.com/?c=175&a=26440|title=Asian Journal|work=AsianJournal.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> The Philippine Forum also hosts an annual festival at the Hart Playground in commemoration of Filipino American History Month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bayanihanfestival.com/|title=ストレス社会を生き抜く - ストレスばかり溜まる|work=BayanihanFestival.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

Other Filipino businesses that exist in Woodside but are not within the Little Manila area are Engeline's, a Filipino restaurant at 59th Street and Roosevelt Avenue, Tito Rad's Restaurant at Queens Boulevard and 50th Street, Payag Restaurant on 52nd Street - Roosevelt Avenue, Lourdess Restaurant on 58th Street and 37th Avenue and Papa's Kitchen on 65th Place and Woodside Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/life-in-little-manila/article_a84160bc-2799-5092-a2b4-4820b29eeddf.html|title=LIFE IN LITTLE MANILA|website=Queens Chronicle|date=23 June 2016 |access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

On June 12, 2022, a sign-unveiling ceremony and celebration was held at the intersection of 70th Street and Roosevelt Avenue to commemorate the presence and contributions of the Filipino community in Queens. The corner was co-named "Little Manila Avenue."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Woodside Street Corner to Be Co-Named "Little Manila Avenue" Next Month in Celebration of Filipino Community |url=https://sunnysidepost.com/woodside-street-corner-to-be-co-named-little-manila-avenue-next-month-in-celebration-of-filipino-community |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=Sunnyside Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

=====Manhattan=====
[[File:PhilippineCenterNYC.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Philippine Center]] in New York City]]
The [[Philippine Center|Philippine Consulate of New York]] has a multipurpose role, aside from its governmental duties and functions, it also caters to many events of the Filipino American community and has a school called ''Paaralan sa Konsulado'' (School at the consulate), which teaches new-generation Filipino Americans about their culture and language. It is known just as the [[Philippine Center]] instead of the consulate. The Philippine Center's newly renovated large edifice is situated in [[Fifth Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]] and is open to the public on business days and closed on Philippine and American holidays. The building itself is considered as the largest foreign consulate on the strip of the avenue.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

[[New York City]] also hosts the annual [[Philippine Independence Day Parade]] along [[Madison Avenue]] on the first Sunday of June. It is also said to be one of the largest parades of any kind in the city and the largest Philippine celebration in the [[United States]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} This celebration is a combination of a parade and a street fair. Madison Avenue bursts on this day with Filipino culture, colors and people and is attended by many important political figures, entertainers, civic groups, etc. Former Mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]] and Senator [[Charles Schumer]] are devout attendees of this annual parade.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

A Filipino restaurant to open in Manhattan is the ''Bayan Cafe'' around Midtown (2006).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bayancafe.com/|title=BayanCafe.com|work=BayanCafe.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> Grill 21 is a popular Filipino restaurant located on the East Side of Manhattan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In the East Village and Lower East Side, there was a significant Filipino migration in the late 1980s due to mass recruitment of Filipino medical professionals to area hospitals, notably New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, St. Vincent's Hospital, and Beth Israel Medical Center. Migration was spurred by the hospitals' offer of subsidized housing to employees, in the midst of ongoing rent strikes in the neighborhood. The burgeoning Little Manila centered on 1st Avenue and 14th Street, around which there were, at the peak, a number of grocer and video rental stores and Filipino restaurants within a few blocks of one another. Filipino American community relations were strengthened by local Roman Catholic churches in the East Village and Gramercy area. As rents increased, and properties were taken over by New York University, the number of Filipinos and Filipino businesses in East Village Little Manila waned. Elvie's Turo-Turo, the longest standing Filipino business in the area, closed in late 2009 after almost 20 years of operation. New Filipino business continue to sprout up.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philippinenews.com/article.php?id=6940|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221142200/http://philippinenews.com/article.php?id=6940|url-status=dead|title=Bar goes mainstream Manhattan, PhilippineNews.com retrieved on February 26, 2010|archive-date=December 21, 2010}}</ref>

The Archdiocese of New York designated a chapel named after the first Filipino Saint Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila for the Filipino Apostolate. Officially designated as the "Church of Filipinos," or the [[Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz]] is the second in the United States and only the third in the world dedicated as such.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

====New Jersey====
[[File:PhilAmJC.JPG|thumb|A Philippine Grocery in Jersey City, NJ]]
[[New Jersey]] is home to a Filipino population numbering at more than 100,000 statewide, according to the 2000 U.S. Census. This number may have been closing in to the 200,000 level, in 2006, due to a high birth rate among [[Filipino American]]s and 8,000 Filipino immigrants annually. While Filipinos can be found across the state, the commercial districts catering to the Filipino community are found mostly in the state's urban areas.

State and local governments in the Garden State have significant number of employees of Filipino background and they play a vital role in the state's affairs, issues, and commerce.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}
Filipino enclaves exist in [[Jersey City]], [[Bergenfield, New Jersey|Bergenfield]], [[Passaic, New Jersey|Passaic]], [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]] and [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]]. The [[Meadowlands Sports Complex|Meadowlands Exposition Center]] in [[Secaucus, New Jersey|Secaucus]] hosts the annual [[Philippine Fiesta]], a cultural event that draws Filipinos and non-Filipinos alike from across the New York metropolitan area. The event takes place on the weekend of the second week of August.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

=====Jersey City=====
Jersey City is home to a high-profile Little Manila. Seven percent (7%) of [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]'s population is Filipino.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filipinohome.com/timeline.html|title=The History of Filipino-Americans in Jersey City|work=FilipinoHome.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>
The city's [[Five Corners, Jersey City|Five Corners]] district has a thriving Filipino community, one which makes up the largest [[Asian-American]] subgroup in the city.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} [[Newark Plank Road|Newark Avenue]]'s strip of Filipino culture and commerce dwarfs that of [[New York City]]. A variety of Filipino restaurants, shippers and freighters, doctors' offices, bakeries, stores, and even an office of [[The Filipino Channel]] have made Newark Avenue their home in recent decades. The largest Filipino-owned grocery store on the East Coast, Phil-Am Food, has been established on the avenue since 1973. An array of Filipino-owned businesses can also be found in Jersey City's [[West Side, Jersey City|West Side]] section, where many residents are of Filipino descent. In 2006, [[Red Ribbon Bakeshop]], one of the Philippines' most famous food chains, opened a new pastry store in Jersey City—the chain's first branch on the East Coast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=business04_feb13_2006|title=Manila Standard|date=13 February 2006|work=ManilaStandardToday.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

[[Manila Avenue (Hudson County)|Manila Avenue]] in [[Downtown Jersey City]] was named for the Philippine capital city because of the many Filipinos who built their homes on the street during the 1970s. A memorial dedicated to the Filipino-American veterans of the Vietnam War was built in a small square on Manila Avenue. A park and statue dedicated to [[Jose P. Rizal]], the national hero of the Philippines, can also be found in downtown Jersey City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/Search.aspx?q=rizal%20statue%20jersey%20city|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125112400/http://www.highbeam.com/Search.aspx?q=rizal+statue+jersey+city|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=rizal statue jersey city |work=|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

Furthermore, Jersey City hosts the annual [[Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area#Philippine-American Friendship Day Parade|Philippine–American Friendship Day Parade]], an event that occurs yearly on the last Sunday in June. The City Hall of Jersey City raises the Philippine flag in correlation with this event and as a tribute to the contributions of the local Filipino community. The city's annual Santacruzan procession has been held since 1977 along Manila Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2011/05/amid_delays_santacruzan_street.html|title=Amid Delays, 33rd Annual Santacruzan procession circles downtown neighborhood|date=30 May 2011|work=NJ.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

=====Bergenfield=====
[[Bergenfield, New Jersey|Bergenfield]] is informally known as the Little Manila of Bergen County.<ref>Stevens, Jean. [http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk2MTUmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxOTQxNzYmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkxNQ== " Popular roast pig finds a following in North Jersey"], ''[[Herald News]]'', September 12, 2007. Accessed December 8, 2007. "One might find more lechon in Passaic these days. The city may be North Jersey's next so-called Little Manila, following Bergenfield, Bloomfield and Belleville."</ref> Of the 14,224 Filipino population in the county as a whole, 3,133 (22% of the county total) live in Bergenfield.<ref>[http://www.rcan.org/planning/Asians.htm Filipino Population by County] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051225121139/http://www.rcan.org/planning/Asians.htm |date=2005-12-25 }}, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark]]. Accessed April 10, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bergenfield.areaconnect.com/statistics.htm|title=Bergenfield Population and Demographics (Bergenfield, NJ)|work=AreaConnect.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> It is home to many Filipino businesses, particularly restaurants and bakeshops. [[Red Ribbon (Bakeshop)|Red Ribbon]], a popular bakeshop in the Philippines, will open its second branch in Bergenfield, after Jersey City.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

=====Edison=====
[[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]], in [[Middlesex County, New Jersey]], has emerged as a growing hub for Filipinos since 2000.<ref name=PhilippineFiesta>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/fiesta-in-america-gives-north-jersey-filipinos-a-taste-of-home-1.1645492|title=Fiesta in America gives North Jersey Filipinos a taste of home|author=Minjae Park|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=August 14, 2016|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> A significant number of Filipinos in Middlesex County work in the burgeoning [[health care|healthcare]] and other [[life sciences|life-science]] disciplines at Central Jersey's numerous [[hospital|medical]] and [[pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical institutions]].

====Oregon====

=====Portland and Beaverton=====

Portland is considered as a focal point of Filipino businesses. There are Filipino restaurants and stores in Portland and Beaverton. One Filipino restaurant is called "Tambayan Restaurant and Mart".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefilipino.com/filipinostores/filipinostoresinOregon.html|title=Filipino Stores in Hillsboro, Beaverton, Portland, Oregon|work=TheFilipino.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

====Hawaii====
Hawaii is known for its demographic structure, in which it does not have a specific majority group. The [[Filipino-American]] community makes up about 23% of the state's entire population and is second to its [[Japanese-American]] counterpart. Its geographic confines contain as many as 275,000 Filipinos (according to the 2000 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starbulletin.com/2005/12/11/editorial/special.html|title=StarBulletin.com - Editorial - /2005/12/11/|first=Honolulu|last=Star-Bulletin|date=11 December 2005|work=StarBulletin.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> and receives a yearly 4,000 new Filipino immigrants.

The [[Filipino Community Center]] is the largest Filipino establishment of any kind in the [[United States]]. It is celebrating the Filipino Centennial, which commemorates 100 years of Filipino immigration and contributions to the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filipinosinhawaii100.org/|title=FilipinosInHawaii100.Org -|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615165705/http://filipinosinhawaii100.org/|archive-date=15 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The census designated place of [[Waipahu]], on the island of Oahu, has a majority-Filipino population. Many of them are immigrants of the Philippines, and the streets of Waipahu have many small Filipino-owned businesses. Waipahu could be considered as "Hawaii's Little Manila". 85% of the Filipino American population in Hawaii are of Ilocano descent.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

====Kansas City Metropolitan Area====
The [[Kansas City metropolitan area]] is thought to be home to a Filipino community<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filipino-association.org/|title=Filipino Association of Greater Kansas City|work=Filipino-Association.org|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> and it has the Fiesta Filipina event held every June.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eventful.com/overlandpark/events/fiesta-filipina-/E0-001-039168088-6@2011061112|title=Fiesta Filipina|work=Eventful.com|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref>

====Texas====

=====Houston===== 

In Houston near the [[NRG Stadium]] there is a growing Filipino American Little Manila which contains a [[Jollibee]], [[Max's Restaurant]], and a small Filipino supermarket called Cherry Foodarama.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hlavaty, Craig|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/International-Houston-13196431.php|title=International dining and shopping chains find followings in Houston|work=[[Houston Chronicle]]|date=2018-08-31|accessdate=2019-10-18}}</ref><ref>https://www.houstonchronicle.com/projects/2024/texas-medical-center-filipino-nurses/</ref> The Houston area has the highest population of Filipino Americans in the South.

====New Filipinotowns====
There has been{{When|date=February 2017}} a surge of Filipino immigration to various cities. [[Las Vegas]] is now home to some 90,000 Filipinos, mostly living throughout the [[Las Vegas Valley]] (Henderson, Las Vegas and the overall Clark County). The article also references the following cities as having had a surge of new Filipino immigration:
* [[Seattle]]
* [[New York City]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Orlando, Florida]]
* [[New Orleans]]
* [[Houston]]
* [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]]
* [[Portland, Oregon]]
* [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]
<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gjvUvVY-ngC&pg=PA71|title=Filipino Americans|first=Jon|last=Sterngass|date=October 25, 2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9781438107110|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Ethnic enclave]]
* [[Overseas Filipino]]
* [[Balikbayan box]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Anatalio C. Ubalde|title=Filipino American Enclaves and the Development of a Filipino American Center|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAxSAQAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=University of California, Berkeley}}

==External links==
*[http://www.littlemanila.org www.littlemanila.org]
*[http://www.manilatown.org www.manilatown.org]

{{Ethnic enclaves}}

[[Category:Ethnic enclaves|Manila]]
[[Category:Filipino-American history]]
[[Category:Asian-American culture]]
[[Category:Filipino diaspora]]