View source for Liuyang

{{See also|Liu Yang (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->| name               = Liuyang
| official_name      = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name        = 浏阳市
| native_name_lang   = zh-Hans
| other_name         = 
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[County-level city]]
| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto              = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_skyline      = LIUYANG from Yintian Hotel -HUNAN-ÇİN - panoramio.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_map          = ChinaChangshaLiuyang.png
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Liuyang City within Changsha
| image_map1         = 
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| map_caption1       = 
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| pushpin_map        = China Hunan
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of downtown in Hunan
| pushpin_mapsize    = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Province (China)|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Hunan]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Changsha]]
| seat_type          = 
| seat               = [[Guankou, Liuyang|Guankou]]
| parts_type         = 
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                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts              = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
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| p2                 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> 
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1       = 
| leader_title2      = 
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = 
| leader_name3       = 
| leader_title4      = 
| leader_name4       = 
| established_title  = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date   = 
| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date1  = 
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3  = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = <!-- Area    --------------------->
| area_magnitude     = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 5008<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_blank1_title  = 
| area_blank1_km2    = 
| area_urban_km2     = 27.90
| area_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=68 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| elevation_max_ft   = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_min_ft   = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2010
| population_footnotes = 
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 1278928
| population_density_km2 = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = 
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1  = 
| population_density_blank1_km2 = 
| population_est     = 1515000
| pop_est_as_of      = 2017
| population_urban   = 260000
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>
<!-- General information  --------------->| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| coor_pinpoint      = Liuyang government
| coordinates        = {{coord|28.1637|N|113.6433|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-43_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| postal_code_type   = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code        = 410312
| area_code          = 0731
| website            = {{URL|liuyang.gov.cn}}
| footnotes          = 
}}
 
[[File:Chrysanthemum Stone.jpg|thumb|Chrysanthemum Stone ([[celestine (mineral)|celestine]] in limestone) from Liuyang]]

'''Liuyang''' ({{zh|s=浏阳 |t=瀏陽 |p=Liúyáng}}) is a [[county-level city]], the [[List of County-level divisions of Hunan by population|most populous]] and the easternmost county-level division of [[Hunan|Hunan Province]], China; it is under the administration of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Changsha]], the provincial capital. Located on the northeastern margin of Hunan, the city is bordered to the north by [[Pingjiang County]], to the west by [[Changsha County]] and [[Yuhua District, Changsha|Yuhua District]], to the south by [[Shifeng District|Shifeng]], [[Hetang District]]s of [[Zhuzhou]] and [[Liling|Liling City]], to the southeast and the east by [[Yuanzhou District, Yichun|Yuanzhou District]] of [[Yichun, Jiangxi|Yichun]], [[Shangli County|Shangli]], [[Wanzai County|Wanzai]] and [[Tonggu County|Tonggu Counties]] of [[Jiangxi]]. Liuyang City covers {{convert|4,997.35|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} with registered population of 1,453,246 and resident population of 1,297,700 (as of 2014).<ref name="Year2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.cstj.gov.cn/tjnj/2015/ |trans-title=Changsha Yearly Book 2015 |script-title=zh:长沙统计年鉴2015 |publisher=Changsha Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2017-01-05 |archive-date=2017-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610123737/http://www.cstj.gov.cn/tjnj/2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city has four [[subdistricts of China|subdistricts]], 26 [[towns of China|towns]] and two [[townships of China|townships]] under its jurisdiction. Its [[administrative centre]] is at [[Guankou, Liuyang|Guankou Subdistrict]] ({{lang|zh-hans|关口街道}}).<ref name="divison2015"/><ref name="Gejia"/>

Liuyang is home to the [[Hakka people]] with a population of more than 200,000, who immigrated here from [[Meizhou]] of [[Guangdong]] or [[Jiangxi]] in later [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and early [[Qing dynasty|Qing dynasties]].<ref>{{cite web |trans-title=About Hakka people of Liuyang |url=http://www.mz186.com/culture/zhwh/2684.html |date=29 October 2014 |script-title=zh:浏阳客家初探 }} or [http://www.kjsj.com/html/dfkj/dfkj_2002_273.html (5-Feb-15: the world of Hakka people)]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is one of the richest counties and county-level cities in tourism resources. As it was a [[revolutionary base area]] in the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]], there are many [[red tourism]] attractions and former residences of famous figures.

Liuyang is one of the most developed counties and county-level cities, it is one of the best developed manufacturing counties and county-level cities in the province, the [[Manufacturing|manufacturing industry]] is its economic pillar. Liuyang's manufacturing engines are electronic and information, [[biomedicine]], machinery manufacture, fireworks and firecrackers, food and beverage, materials and energy, furniture and decoration. For example, the gross domestic product of Liuyang in 2015 was CN¥111.28 billion (US$17.87 billion). Of this total, the value added of the manufacturing industry was CN¥71.37 billion (US$11.46 billion), shares 64.14 percentage of its GDP.<ref name="economy2015">{{cite web |trans-title=Liuyang's economy in 2015 |url=http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20160322/30996.html |script-title=zh:浏阳市2015年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=Changsha Bureau of Statistics |date=2016-03-22 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fireworks]] and [[firecrackers]] have being been its traditional industry.

Fireworks and [[firecrackers]] originated in Liuyang and it has always been the centre of fireworks production in China, spanning more than 1,400 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinabaike.com/t/38932/2016/0619/5419891.html |website=Chinabaike |script-title=zh:浏阳烟花的起源与发展 |date=2016-06-19}}</ref> Fireworks sales by Liuyang account for about half of China's gross sales of CN¥ 29.41 billion (US$4.34 billion).<ref>the gross sales of China's firework industry in 2010: according to 2016-2022年中国花炮产业竞争格局报告</ref>{{full citation needed|date=October 2018}}<ref>{{cite web |trans-title=gross sales of Liuyang's firework industry in 2010 |url=http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20110513/16066.html |script-title=zh:浏阳市2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher=Changsha Bureau of Statistics |date=2011-05-13 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Liuyang is also home of the International Fireworks Association.

==History==
According to historical relics discovered in Yong’an Middle School's construction site in 1991, in the Old Stone Age, there were people living in Liuyang. In the eastern Han dynasty (in 209 AD), Liuyang was established as a county, and its government was located in Juling (now the northern Guandu). In the [[Tang dynasty]], the government was moved to Huaichuan (now the Huaichuan Street), and in the [[Yuan dynasty]] (in 1295 AD), the government was moved back to Juling, and Liuyang became a “state”. In the [[Ming dynasty]] (in 1369 AD), Liuyang was degraded as a county, and its government was moved to Huaichuan again.
In the eastern Han dynasty, [[Sun Quan]] set Liuyang ({{lang|zh-Hans|刘阳}}). In the [[Three Kingdoms]]-Wu, Liuyang belonged to Changsha Prefecture. In the Liu Song period of Southern Dynasties, the name was changed from Liuyang ({{lang|zh-Hans|刘阳}}) to Liuyang ({{lang|zh|浏阳}}), and the new name is used until now. In the [[Sui dynasty]], Liuyang was merged into Changsha, and in the [[Tang dynasty]] (in 708 AD) Liuyang was established as a county again. In the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty, Liuyang belonged to Tanzhou. In the [[Ming dynasty]] and the [[Qing dynasty]], Liuyang belonged to Changsha. In the 26th reign year of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (in 1937 AD), Liuyang belonged to the First District, Hunan Province Chief Inspector's Office. In 1949, the First District, Hunan Province Chief Inspector's Office, was renamed as Changsha prefecture. In 1952, Changsha prefecture was replaced by [[Xiangtan]] prefecture, and Liuyang belonged to Xiangtan prefecture (later, it was called Xiangtan area). In February, 1983, Xiangtan area was cancelled, and Liuyang was attributed to Changsha city. On 16 January 1993, Liuyang was not a county any more, and it becomes a county-level city, called Liuyang city. In September 1927 [[Mao Zedong]] assembled Left-Kuomintang troops here, in the town of Wenjiashi ({{lang|zh|文家市}}) on the Jiangxi border, for the Com-Intern-planned seizure of Changsha, the provincial capital, 100&nbsp;km to the west. Mao led the troops 170&nbsp;km south into the Jinggang Mountains. Half a year later, he was joined there by the troops of [[Zhu De]].

{{wide image|Liuyang City1.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014.}}

==Administrative divisions==
After an adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liuyang on 18 November 2015<ref name="divison2015">{{cite web |trans-title=result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liuyang city on 18 November 2015 |url=http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2015/12/04/3855959.htm |website=rednet Hunan |date=2015-12-04 |script-title=zh:《关于同意浏阳市乡镇区划调整方案的批复》(湘民行发〔2015〕25号)}} also see: {{cite web |url=http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2015/12/03/3854984.htm |website=rednet.cn Hunan |date=2015-12-03 |script-title=zh:《长沙正式对有关区县市下发通知调整乡镇行政区划》}}</ref> and the Gejia Township was reformed as a town in the same year,<ref name="Gejia"/> Jiaoxi Township also was reformed in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |author1=浏阳政府网 |title=政区地理 |url=http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/2018mlly/lygk2/zqdl92/index.html |access-date=2019-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401060617/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/2018mlly/lygk2/zqdl92/index.html |archive-date=2019-04-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of 2020, Liuyang City has four subdistricts, 27 towns and one township under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/43/01/81/430181.html|title=2011 Zoning codes and urban-rural division codes for statistics: Liuyang |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]|date=2011|language=Chinese|url-status=}}{{deadlink|date=September 2023}}{{Dead link|date=November 2021 |fix-attempted=yes |url=}}</ref> They are:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
;1 township:
* [[Xiaohe, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|小河乡}})

;27 towns:
* [[Baijia, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|柏加镇}})
* [[Beisheng, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|北盛镇}})
* [[Chengchong, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|枨冲镇}})
* [[Chengtanjiang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|澄潭江镇}})
* [[Chunkou, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|淳口镇}})
* [[Dahu, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|达浒镇}})
* [[Daweishan]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|大围山镇}})
* [[Dayao, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|大瑶镇}})
* [[Dongyang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|洞阳镇}})
* [[Gaoping, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|高坪镇}})
* [[Gejia, Liuyang]]<ref name="Gejia">Gejia Township was reformed into a town on July 21, 2015: {{cite web |url=http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/smzj/gzdt/201611/t20161123_1754512.html |publisher=Changsha People's Government |date=21 July 2016 |script-title=zh:关于浏阳市葛家乡撤乡设镇的通知 (长政办函〔2015〕136号) |access-date=7 January 2017 |archive-date=8 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108095002/http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfgbmxxgkml/szfgzbmxxgkml/smzj/gzdt/201611/t20161123_1754512.html |url-status=dead }}, aiso see [http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/gzdt/zwdt/1936504/index.html liuyang.gov (1-Jul-16)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108002602/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/gzdt/zwdt/1936504/index.html |date=2017-01-08 }} or [http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2016/08/30/4072583.htm rednet.cn (30-Aug-16)]</ref> ({{lang|zh-Hans|葛家镇}})
* [[Guandu, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|官渡镇}})
* [[Guanqiao, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|官桥镇}})
* [[Gugang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|古港镇}})
* [[Jingang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|金刚镇}})
* [[Longfu, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|龙伏镇}})
* [[Puji, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|普迹镇}})
* [[Shashi, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|沙市镇}})
* [[Shegang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|社港镇}})
* [[Wenjiashi]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|文家市镇}})
* [[Yanxi, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|沿溪镇}})
* [[Yong'an, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|永安镇}})
* [[Yonghe, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|永和镇}})
* [[Zhangfang, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|张坊镇}})
* [[Zhentou, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|镇头镇}})
* [[Zhonghe, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|中和镇}})
* [[Jiaoxi, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|蕉溪镇}})

;4 subdistricts:
* [[Guankou, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|关口街道}})
* [[Hehua, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|荷花街道}})
* [[Huaichuan, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|淮川街道}})
* [[Jili, Liuyang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|集里街道}})
{{div col end}}

==Geography==
Liuyang is located in the northeast of Hunan province, and it is in the upstream regions of the [[Liuyang River]]. The [[geographical coordinates]] of Liuyang is 27°51′—28°34′ N, and 113°10′—114°15′ E. Liuyang covers an area of 5,007.75 square kilometers. There are 105.8 kilometers from east to west and 80.9 kilometers from north to south. Liuyang is surrounded by mountains and hills. There are 53% mountain lands, 25% hills, 21% plains around hills and 1% water in Liuyang. The terrain of Liuyang is that north-east is higher than south-west, and landscape types change because of a lot of rivers. Liuyang is in a subtropical monsoon climate zone. Annual average temperature is 17.3&nbsp;°C, and annual precipitation is 1562&nbsp;mm. There are two national roads, G106 and G319. Besides, there are three main rivers, [[Liuyang River]], [[Laodao River]] and [[Nanchuan River]], which can be used as shipping lanes throughout the whole year. Liuyang lies in the south of [[Pingjiang County|Pingjiang county]], [[Yueyang]] city, and in the east of [[Tonggu]], [[Wanzai County|Wanzai]], Yichun and [[Shangli]], Jiangxi province, and in the north of [[Liling]] and [[Zhuzhou]] City, and in the east of Changsha county. Liuyang is about 50 kilometers far from Changsha city.

===Climate===

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y 
|location = Liuyang, elevation {{convert|101|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
|Jan high C = 	9.8
|Feb high C = 	12.7
|Mar high C = 	16.7
|Apr high C = 	23.1
|May high C = 	27.6
|Jun high C = 	30.4
|Jul high C = 	33.8
|Aug high C = 	33.5
|Sep high C = 	29.9
|Oct high C = 	24.7
|Nov high C = 	18.8
|Dec high C = 	12.8
|Jan mean C = 	5.7
|Feb mean C = 	8.2
|Mar mean C = 	12.0
|Apr mean C = 	17.8
|May mean C = 	22.4
|Jun mean C = 	25.8
|Jul mean C = 	28.7
|Aug mean C = 	28.1
|Sep mean C = 	24.5
|Oct mean C = 	19.1
|Nov mean C = 	13.1
|Dec mean C = 	7.7
|Jan low C = 	2.9
|Feb low C = 	5.0
|Mar low C = 	8.6
|Apr low C = 	14.0
|May low C = 	18.6
|Jun low C = 	22.3
|Jul low C = 	24.6
|Aug low C = 	24.3
|Sep low C = 	20.7
|Oct low C = 	15.1
|Nov low C = 	9.3
|Dec low C = 	4.2
|Jan record high C = 24.6 |Jan record low C = -6.2
|Feb record high C = 28.8 |Feb record low C = -5.2
|Mar record high C = 33.4 |Mar record low C = -3.6
|Apr record high C = 34.8 |Apr record low C = 1.2
|May record high C = 36.4 |May record low C = 8.7
|Jun record high C = 37.4 |Jun record low C = 13.7
|Jul record high C = 40.2 |Jul record low C = 17.6
|Aug record high C = 40.5 |Aug record low C = 18.5
|Sep record high C = 38.4 |Sep record low C = 12.5
|Oct record high C = 35.4 |Oct record low C = 2.2
|Nov record high C = 31.9 |Nov record low C = -2.3
|Dec record high C = 25.1 |Dec record low C = -10.7
|year high C=  |year low C= 
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	80.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 	95.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 	175.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 	186.5
|May precipitation mm = 	221.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 	264.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 	178.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 	120.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 	78.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 	56.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 	82.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 	56.9
|Jan humidity = 	83
|Feb humidity = 	82
|Mar humidity = 	83
|Apr humidity = 	81
|May humidity = 	81
|Jun humidity = 	83
|Jul humidity = 	78
|Aug humidity = 	79
|Sep humidity = 	79
|Oct humidity = 	79
|Nov humidity = 	81
|Dec humidity = 	80
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm	
|Jan precipitation days = 	14.4
|Feb precipitation days = 	13.6
|Mar precipitation days = 	18.2
|Apr precipitation days = 	17.3
|May precipitation days = 	16.4
|Jun precipitation days = 	16.2
|Jul precipitation days = 	11.8
|Aug precipitation days = 	11.8
|Sep precipitation days = 	9.2
|Oct precipitation days = 	8.8
|Nov precipitation days = 	10.1
|Dec precipitation days = 	10.8
|year precipitation days = 	
|Jan sun = 	65.2
|Feb sun = 	69.6
|Mar sun = 	82.1
|Apr sun = 	110.7
|May sun = 	137.3
|Jun sun = 	139.0
|Jul sun = 	221.9
|Aug sun = 	211.8
|Sep sun = 	171.4
|Oct sun = 	145.7
|Nov sun = 	119.7
|Dec sun = 	105.5
|year sun = 	
| Jan percentsun = 	20
| Feb percentsun = 	22
| Mar percentsun = 	22
| Apr percentsun = 	29
| May percentsun = 	33
| Jun percentsun = 	33
| Jul percentsun = 	52
| Aug percentsun = 	52
| Sep percentsun = 	47
| Oct percentsun = 	41
| Nov percentsun = 	37
| Dec percentsun = 	33
| year percentsun =	
|Jan snow days = 	2.9
|Feb snow days = 	1.9
|Mar snow days = 	0.4
|Apr snow days = 	0
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0
|Nov snow days = 	0.1
|Dec snow days = 	1.0
|year snow days = 	
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|title=Experience Template |url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Population==
According to the sixth population census in 2010, the number of permanent resident population of Liuyang is 1,278,928, and the number of registered population is 1,407,104. In registered population, the agricultural population is 1, 252, 238, and the nonagricultural population is 154, 866. Natural population growth rate is 2.5 ‰. There are more than 300,000 Hakka whose ancestors moved from [[Meizhou]] of [[Guangdong]] to Liuyang.

==Language==
Traditionally, there are three dialect areas in Liuyang, [[Gan Chinese|Gan Dialect]], new [[Xiang Chinese|Xiang Dialect]] and [[Hakka]]. Gan Dialect is Jiangxi Dialect, and it is used in downtown, northern Liuyang, eastern Liuyang and southern Liuyang. This is the most popular dialect in Liuyang, and people may call it Liuyang Dialect. Besides, new [[Xiang Chinese|Xiang Dialect]] is used in western Liuyang, like Puji, Zhentou, Baijia, Guanqiao, Gejia and Chengchong, and it is also used in some areas in northern Liuyang, like Beisheng and Yong’an. This kind of dialect is not exactly the same as Changsha Dialect, but it is similar to it. As for [[Hakka]], most people living in the east of Liuyang use this, and it is almost the same as Hakka in [[Meizhou]] area.

==Economy==
{{wide image|Liuyang City2.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|A panoramic view of Liuyang in 2014.}}
Liuyang is one of the most developed counties in Hunan, it ranked the 11th in the Top100 of counties and county-level cities of China by comprehensive strength in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|editor1=Wang Jingdong ({{lang|zh|王敬东}})|url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/05/10/ARTImXAK2doqnIxnr89XxpkK200510.shtml |script-title=zh:百强县榜单来了！看不懂，这个经济大省竟只有三席 |work=CCTV.COM |date=10 May 2020 |access-date=29 July 2020 |language=zh}}</ref> According to preliminary accounting of the statistical authority, the [[gross domestic product]] of Liuyang City in 2017 was 136,510 million [[Renminbi|yuan]] (20,218 million [[United States dollar|US dollars]]), up by 10.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the [[value added]] of the primary industry was 10,680 million yuan (1,582 million US dollars), up by five percent, that of the secondary industry was 93,940 million yuan (13,913 million US dollars), up by 11 percent and that of the tertiary industry was 31,890 million yuan (4,723 million US dollars), up by 12.3 percent. The value added of the primary industry accounted for 7.82 percent of the GDP; that of the secondary industry accounted for 68.82 percent; and that of the tertiary industry accounted for 23.36 percent. The per capita GDP by year-end household population in 2017 was 92,006 yuan (13,627 US dollars).<ref>according to the ''Statistical Communiqué of Liuyang City on the 2017 National Economic and Social Development'' / 浏阳市2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报 see [http://www.hntj.gov.cn/tjfx/tjgb/xqtjgb/zsgxsq/201803/t20180330_4983625.html hntj.gov (2018-04-02)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233633/http://www.hntj.gov.cn/tjfx/tjgb/xqtjgb/zsgxsq/201803/t20180330_4983625.html |date=2018-04-09 }} or [http://tjj.changsha.gov.cn/zstj/tjsj/tjgb/201804/t20180403_2204336.html changsha.gov (2018-04-03)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233531/http://tjj.changsha.gov.cn/zstj/tjsj/tjgb/201804/t20180403_2204336.html |date=2018-04-09 }}</ref>

Liuyang cultivates food crops, like rice. Main cash crops are flue-cured tobacco, medicinal materials, vegetables, oil-seed camellias, flowers and plants. Liuyang has been mining some natural resources, like [[sepiolite]], [[chrysanthemum stone]], [[coal]] and [[phosphorite]]. Industries include fireworks production, bio-pharmaceuticals and food processing. Liuyang fireworks have been in the global market for more than 100 years, and they were sold to [[Hong Kong]], [[Macao]] and the [[Southeast Asia]] in the [[Guangxu Emperor|Guangxu period]] of the [[Qing dynasty]], and fireworks become an important brand and pillar industry of Liuyang. Liuyang fireworks are protected as an original product and hold the honor of China's famous brand. In 2010, Liuyang's GDP was up to 55.677 billion RMB (8.225 billion dollars). The [[added value]] of the [[primary sector]] was 5.169 billion RMB (0.764 billion dollars). The added value of the [[secondary sector]] was 37.905 billion RMB (5.599 billion dollars). The added value of the [[tertiary sector]] was 12.603 billion RMB (1.862 billion dollars). The total value of out-put of Agriculture Animal Husbandry and Fishery was 8.006 billion RMB (1.183 billion dollars). In agriculture, except for grain production, the annual output of flue-cured tobacco was 131,670,000 tons. Liuyang's total industrial output value was 90.289 billion RMB (13.338 billion dollars). There are 89 cooperates with a more than 100,000,000 RMB turnover. Total sales of fireworks industry is 12.43 billion RMB (1.84 billion dollars), and the revenue of fireworks industry is 0.97 billion RMB. The total industrial output value of Liuyang Biomedical Park is 17.082 billion RMB (2.523 billion dollars). The volume of export goods is 0.39 billion dollars. Liuyang's general financial revenue is 3.324 billion RMB, including 29% fireworks' revenue. The per-capita disposable income of rural residents is 10,747 RMB (1,588 dollars), and the per-capita disposable income of city dwellers is 21,258 RMB (3,140 dollars).

===Agriculture===
Liuyang's main grain crops are rice, and Liuyang is one of the top counties for food production in Hunan province. Main cash crops are [[flue-cured tobacco]], vegetables, flowers and plants, and oil-seed camellias. Production of fruits, corns, bamboo shoots, phyllostachys pubescens, and medicinal materials also has a certain scale. In fish breeding and poultry feeding, except for traditional pigs raising, black goats and bees' raising are also competitive to some extent. Liuyang enjoys the honor as a city of flowers and plants' cultivation in China, and it is famous for Hongzhimu (a kind of plants). In regional distribution of agricultural industry, eastern Liuyang focus on fruits, and western Liuyang focus on flowers and plants, and northern Liuyang focus on tobacco, and these contribute to a grain, vegetables, flue-cured tobacco, flowers and plants-oriented agricultural economy. Liuyang is one of the top 100 counties that have advantages in grain production, and it is a big city for raising pigs and black goats. Vegetable production in Liuyang is up to 304,239 tons, and it is in the second place in Hunan province. The meat output is 80,450 tons, and it is in the 21st place in China. Liuyang runs scale operation, and the quantity of black goats is more than 700 thousand.

===Fireworks industry===
Liuyang fireworks have a history of more than 1,400 years. During the [[Northern Song dynasty]], Liuyang fireworks prospered greatly. During the [[Qing dynasty]] (in 1723), Liuyang fireworks served as [[tribute]]. Since 1875, Liuyang fireworks have been exported to [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[India]], [[Iran]], [[the UK]], [[United States]], [[Russia]], etc. In the 1990s, Liuyang's fireworks were the area's biggest export. However, in 1998, Liuyang fireworks went through a bottleneck period because of technological deficiencies. Since 1998, Liuyang has been reforming its industry. It is currently undergoing industrial consolidation and the upgrading of technology. Liuyang sets a ban on more than 10 thousand illegal factories, and Liuyang sets a standard to ensure the safety of fireworks production. Liuyang cooperates with some institutions of higher education and research institutes to invent fireworks with better technology and safety. On 8 August 2001, Liuyang fireworks went public in Shanghai. In 2003, Liuyang succeeded in getting a fireworks display project in [[Brazil]]. Liuyang has invested more than one million dollars to buy lands in Brazil to build fireworks factories. There are more than 30 fireworks companies in Liuyang.{{Citation needed|reason=The whole section has no references.|date=February 2024}}

===Industrial districts===
Liuyang has three main [[industrial district]]s of [[Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone|Economic and Technological Development Zone]], [[Liuyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone|High-Tech Industrial Development Zone]] and [[Liuyang Two-oriented Industrial Park|Two-oriented Industrial Park]], the economy of its three industrial districts occupies a large proportion of the city. As of 2015, the gross output value of industries in the city reaches CNY 236.66 billion (US$38.00 billion), that of the total in three industrial districts is CNY 123.57 billion (US$19.84 billion). The total financial revenue of Liuyang reaches 11.19 billion yuan (US$1.80 billion), that of the three industrial districts has 4.16 billion yuan (US$0.67 billion), accounting for 37.19% of the total.<ref name="data2015">the economic data of 2015, according to the '''''Statistical Communiqué of Liuyang on the 2015 National Economic and Social Development''''': [http://www.cstj.gov.cn/static/ndqx/20160322/30996.html cstj.gov.cn]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} or [http://www.ahmhxc.com/tongjigongbao/5262.html ahmhxc.com]</ref>

===Biopharmaceutical industry===
[[Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone]] is a national [[Biological Industries|biological industry]] base created on 10 January 1998, located in [[Dongyang, Liuyang|Dongyang Town]]. Its pillar industry comprises [[Biomedicine|biological pharmacy]], [[Information technology]] and [[Health food]]. As of 2015, It has more than 700 registered enterprises. The total industrial output value of the zone hits 85.6 billion yuan (US$13.7 billion) and its [[Adjusted gross income|business income]] is 100.2 billion yuan (US$16.1 billion).<ref name="letz">About Liuyang ETZ: [http://www.letz.gov.cn/articles/360/2015-5/16698.html letz.gov.cn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224212005/http://www.letz.gov.cn/articles/360/2015-5/16698.html |date=2017-02-24 }}</ref>  Its builtup area covers {{convert|16.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="year2015">Development Report of LETZ in 2016 - 浏阳经开区2016年经济工作报告: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170224132355/http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/liuyanggov/xxgk/xxgkml/1514333/1514335/1514361/1514365/1693905/index.html liuyang.gov.cn liuyang.gov.cn]</ref>

==Natural resources and special local products==
The Daweishan Nature Reserve is home to the [[red-billed leiothrix]] and many other species. The Liuyang area is abundant in mineral deposits such as [[coal]], [[tungsten]], [[sulphur]], [[phosphorus]], and [[barite]]. There are four main special local products of Liuyang, [[glycinemax]], [[grass cloth]], [[chrysanthemum stone]] and [[fireworks]].

==Culture and tourism==
In 2010, Liuyang attracted 5.7 million tourists which brought an income of 3.5 billion RMB. Since Liuyang was established as a county in the [[Han dynasty]], it is abundant in historical tourist resources. There are two national relic protection units, the [[Former Residence of Tan Sitong]] and [[Site of Joining Forces in Wenjiashi of Autumn Harvest Uprising]] in [[Wenjiashi, Liuyang|Wenjiashi Town]]. There are eight provincial culture and relics sites, like Xin'an Wind-Rain Bridge that was built in the [[Ming dynasty]] and the [[Liuyang Confucius Temple]] built in the [[Song dynasty]]. There are 13 Changsha city cultural relics' protection units, like the [[Stone Frost Temple]] built in the [[Tang dynasty]]. There are 17 county cultural relics' protection units, like Yaotou Mountain site and Luobei Mountain site.<ref>[http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g1152531-Liuyang_Hunan-Vacations.html Liuyang Tourism] Retrieved June 13, 2014.</ref>

The [[Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater]], named after Chinese dramatist [[Ouyang Yuqian]], was founded in 2002 and is used for drama, musical and children's theater performances.

Major Buddhist Temples in Liuyang include [[Wenjin Temple]] (built in Tang dynasty) and Shishuang Temple. Major Taoist Temples include [[Yaowang Shengchong Palace]].  Major tourist destinations include [[Former Residence of Tan Sitong]], [[Former Residence of Song Renqiong]], [[Former Residence of Wang Zhen]], [[Former Residence of Yang Yong]], and [[Former Residence of Hu Yaobang]].

{{multiple image
| align     = center
| direction = horizontal 
| width     = 250
| header    = 
| image1    = Confucius Temple of Liuyang 13.jpg
| caption1  = The [[Liuyang Confucius Temple]]
| image2    = Wenjin Temple 02.jpg
| caption2  = The [[Wenjin Temple]]
| image3    = Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater4.jpg
| caption3  = The [[Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater]]
}}
{{multiple image
| align     = center
| direction = horizontal 
| width     = 250
| header    = 
| image1    = Tan Sitong's Former Residence 02.jpg
| caption1  = The [[Former Residence of Tan Sitong]]
| image2    = Hu Yaobang's Former Residence 033.jpg
| caption2  = The [[Former Residence of Hu Yaobang]]
| image3    = Wang Zhen's Former Residence001.jpg
| caption3  = The [[Former Residence of Wang Zhen]]
}}

==Transportation==
===Rail===
The [[Liling–Liuyang railway]], more commonly known as "Liliu railway", is a branch from [[Liling]] to Yonghe Town of Liuyang, through downtown.<ref name="mapsutras">{{cite book |editor=Zhang Hong|script-chapter=zh:《浏阳市》|chapter=Liuyang |script-title=zh:《中国分省系列地图册：湖南》|trans-title=Maps of Provinces in China: Hunan |year=2018 |publisher=SinoMaps Press |location=Xicheng District, Beijing |pages=32–33 |isbn=978-7-5031-8949-4|language=zh}}</ref>  It opened on May 1, 1966, in order to provide rail access to Yonghe phosphorus mine and Qibaoshan iron mine.  It was closed in 2004, after a serious train crash the previous year.

The [[Hangzhou–Changsha high-speed railway]] passes through the southwestern Liuyang's Baijia Town, Zhentou Town and Guanqiao Town.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

===Expressway===
The [[G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway]] passes across the southwestern Liuyang's Guanqiao Town.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

The Liuyang–Liling Expressway, commonly abbreviated as "Liuli Expressway", is a north–south highway passing through the western city.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

The Changsha–Liuyang Expressway, locally known as "Changliu Expressway", is a west–east highway passing through the central Liuyang city.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

===National Highway===
The National Highway G106, more commonly known as "G106", is a north–south highway traveling through central Liuyang city.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

The National Highway G319, commonly abbreviated as "G319", is a west-southeast highway passing through the city's downtown, commercial, and industrial subdistricts.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

===Provincial Highway===
The Provincial Highway S103, which heads west to [[Changsha]] and east to Liuyang, passing through the southwestern part of the city.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

The Provincial Highway S309, connecting downtown Liuyang to Paibu Town of [[Jiangxi]] province.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

The Provincial Highway S310 passes through the city's towns of Dayao, Chengtanjiang, Zhonghe and Wenjiashi, leading eastwards to Jiangxi province.<ref name="mapsutras"/>

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Ouyang Xuan]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|欧阳玄}})
*[[Ouyang Yuqian]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|欧阳予倩}})
*[[Tan Sitong]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|谭嗣同}})
*[[Tang Caichang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|唐才常}})
*[[Hu Yaobang]], general secretary (1980–87) and chairman (1981–82) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/274138/Hu-Yaobang Hu Yaobang] Retrieved June 13, 2014.</ref>
*[[Liu Chao-shiuan]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|刘兆玄}})
*[[Wang Zhen (general)|Wang Zhen]], politician and general, who was an uncompromising hard-liner who used his position as vice president (1988–93) of China to promote Maoism<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635448/Wang-Zhen-WANG-CHEN Wang Zhen] Retrieved June 13, 2014.</ref>
*[[Xun Huaizhou]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|寻淮洲}})
*[[Song Renqiong]], one of the [[Eight Elders]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140706070101/http://chinadailymail.com/2012/12/28/china-heirs-of-communist-partys-founding-fathers-at-forefront-of-red-aristocracy/ Renqiong]}} Retrieved June 13, 2014.</ref>
*[[Yang Yong (general)|Yang Yong]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|杨勇}})
*[[Tang Liang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|唐亮}})
*[[Li Zhimin]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|李志民}})
*[[Li Bai (spy)|Li Bai]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|李白}})
*[[Luo Zhanglong]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|罗章龙}})
*[[Jiao Dafeng]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|焦达峰}})
*[[Long Yun]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|龙云}})
*[[Peng Shiliang]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|彭士亮}})
*[[Peng Peiyun]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|彭佩云}})
*[[Zhou Qifeng]] ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|周其凤}}), President of Peking University<ref>[http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Zhou_Qifeng Zhou Qifeng] Retrieved June 13, 2014.</ref>
*[[Zhang Chu (singer)|Zhang Chu]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|张楚}})
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[West Lake Restaurant]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Liuyang}}
*[http://www.liuyang.gov.cn/ Liuyang official website]

{{Hunan Liuyang divisions}}
{{County-level divisions of Hunan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Liuyang| ]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Changsha]]
[[Category:Cities in Hunan]]