View source for Loch Awe

{{Short description|Loch in Argyll and Bute, Scotland}}
{{distinguish|Loch Ore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Loch Awe
| native_name = {{native name|gd|Loch Obha}} 
| image = Loch Awe - geograph.org.uk - 171800.jpg
| caption = Loch Awe, Argyll & Bute
| alt = A lake surrounded by hills and trees
| pushpin_map = Scotland Argyll and Bute
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Argyll and Bute
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = [[Argyll and Bute]], Scotland
| coordinates = {{coord|56|17|52|N|5|14|06|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| type = freshwater [[loch]]
| inflow = [[River Orchy]], [[Kames River]]
| outflow = [[River Awe]]
| catchment = {{convert|840|km2|abbr=on}}
| basin_countries = Scotland 
| length = {{convert|41|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|38.5|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|32|m|abbr=on}}
| max-depth = {{convert|93.6|m|abbr=on}}
| volume = {{convert|1.2|km3|abbr=on}}
| residence_time = 0.7 year
| shore = {{convert|129|km|abbr=on}}
| elevation = {{convert|36.2|m|abbr=on}}
| islands = [[Innis Chonnell]], [[Inishail]], [[Innis Chonain]]
| islands_category = Islands of Loch Awe
| cities = Lochawe
}}

'''Loch Awe''' ([[Scottish Gaelic]]: ''Loch Obha''; also sometimes anglicised as '''Lochawe''', '''Lochaw''', or '''Lochow''') is a large body of [[Fresh water|freshwater]] in [[Argyll and Bute]], [[Scottish Highlands]]. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such as [[Innis Chonnell]] and [[Inishail]].

== The loch ==
It is the third-largest freshwater [[loch]] in Scotland with a surface area of {{convert|38.5|km2|sqmi|frac=8}}. It is the longest freshwater loch in Scotland, measuring {{convert|41|km|mi}} from end to end with an average width of {{convert|1|km|mi|spell=in|frac=8}}. The loch runs approximately south-west to north-east, roughly parallel to the two sea lochs of [[Loch Etive]] and [[Loch Fyne]]. Via the [[River Awe]] and Loch Etive it drains westward from its northern end and thus into the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. At the narrowest section of the loch are North Port (Taychreggan Hotel) and South Port (Portsonachan Hotel). Once used by cattle drovers, a ferry ran between these shores to facilitate crossing to markets beyond. The Transatlantic Cable, which runs through the village of Kilchrenan, was laid across at this point in 1955. There is an [[aquaculture]] site beside the loch at [[Braevallich]].<ref name="b437">{{cite web | title=Site Details | website=Scotland's Aquaculture | url=https://aquaculture.scotland.gov.uk/data/site_details_record.aspx?site_id=FS0260 | access-date=2025-04-18}}</ref>

==Hydroelectric schemes==
Loch Awe is the site of two hydroelectric facilities. One, Inverawe power station (owned by SSE – formerly Scottish and Southern Energy, originally the [[North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board]] 1943–1990), is a conventional hydro power scheme created by [[dam]]ming the River Awe in the Pass of Brander at Awe Barrage, and feeding the water through a large submerged tunnel; thus generating electricity as it emerges at the power station and rejoins the River Awe, flowing into Loch Etive. The turbine is of the [[Kaplan turbine|Kaplan type]], designed and constructed by Boving and Company of London, and develops {{convert|40500|bhp|MW|abbr=off|order=flip}}. This drives a single 30.5&nbsp;MW English Electric alternator via a vertical shaft.

Water is also passed through the Awe Barrage, powering two Neyrpic 375&nbsp;kW bulb turbines as it does so. In so doing, this water provides a constant flow into the upper River Awe. A fish pass  also exists at Awe Barrage to allow the passage of spawning salmon into Loch Awe and beyond. Despite continued faith in fish passes since the 1800s, research shows that they hinder upstream migration of salmon. The young salmon (smolts), eventually pass downstream either through the Inverawe hydro power station or the barrage structure. The hydro station features a slow rotating [[Kaplan turbine]], which delays the passage of smolts, discourages descent, and increases predation by fish such as pike and brown trout. Both Inverawe power station and the associated Awe Barrage were constructed by the North of Scotland Hydro Electricity Board during the late 1950s/early 1960s.

The second is a more unusual [[Pumped storage hydroelectricity|pumped storage]] facility, using an artificial loch in the hills above Loch Awe. Water is pumped up to the top pool (the headpond), during times of surplus power; and released to power four pump/generators situated inside the mountain at times of peak demand. The second project, known as [[Cruachan Dam|Cruachan]] from the name of the hill above, (Ben Cruachan) has a [[visitor centre]], which includes tours into the heart of the mountain. This scheme has an installed power capacity of 440&nbsp;MW, and an energy capacity of 7&nbsp;GWh. It was built by the [[North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board]] before transferring into the ownership of Scottish Power, where it remained for many years. It was acquired by the Drax Energy group in January 2019.

A [[Balliemeanoch Pumped Storage Hydro|third project]], located at Balliemeanoch, aims to store 45&nbsp;GWh and deliver 1.5&nbsp;GW for 30 hours.<ref>{{cite web |title=ILI Group to develop 1.5GW pumped storage hydro project |url=https://www.solarpowerportal.co.uk/news/ili_group_to_develop_1.5gw_pumped_storage_hydro_project |website=Solar Power Portal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220208143424/https://www.solarpowerportal.co.uk/news/ili_group_to_develop_1.5gw_pumped_storage_hydro_project |archive-date=8 February 2022 |language=en |date=8 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Tourism==
Loch Awe is renowned for its trout fishing. Salmon pass through the loch, coming past the barrage in the River Awe and continuing into the River Orchy. Loch Awe contains several ruined castles on islands, and at the northern end has one of the most photographed castles in Scotland, [[Kilchurn Castle]], which in summer may be visited by a short boat trip or by a {{convert|1/2|mi|m|adj=on|abbr=off|spell=in}} walk from a small car park just after the bridge over the River Orchy.  [[St Conan's Kirk]] and [[Chapel of St Fyndoca]] are located in Loch Awe.

==History==
[[File:(Hotel and Ben Lui, Loch Awe, Scotland) (LOC) (3449513817).jpg|thumb|"Hotel and Ben Lui, Loch Awe, Scotland", {{circa|1890–1900}}.]]
One of the oldest Argyll clans, the [[Clan Arthur|Macarthurs]], owned lands around Loch Awe which was populated in close proximity with MacGregors, Campbells and Stewarts.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.scotlandinoils.com/clan/Clan-MacArthur.html | title=Clan MacArthur, their Castle and information}}</ref><ref>Anderson, William (1862). The Scottish Nation; Or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, And Biographical History Of The People Of Scotland. 2. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.. p. 709.</ref>

Clan Macarthur artefacts, including the four-poster state bed, are held at [[Inveraray Castle]].<ref>{{cite web|title=First Floor |url=http://www.inveraray-castle.com/inveraray-castle-first-floor.html |publisher=Inveraray Castle |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523041453/http://www.inveraray-castle.com/inveraray-castle-first-floor.html |archivedate=2013-05-23 }}</ref>

It was from Loch Awe and surrounding area that [[Clan Campbell]] established itself as a powerful family. In 1308, Robert the Bruce defeated the [[Clan MacDougall]] at the [[Battle of the Pass of Brander]] downstream from the loch.

==Vessels operated on the loch==
List of ships which operated on Loch Awe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duckworth |first1=Christian Leslie Dyce |last2=Langmuir |first2=Graham Easton |author-link= |date=1990 |title=Clyde River and Other Steamers |url= |location= |publisher=Brown, Son & Ferguson, Ltd. Glasgow |page=162 |isbn=0851745652}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Launched
! Ship's&nbsp;name<br>at launch
! Tonnage<br>(GRT)
! Notes
|-
| 1861
|{{SS|Eva}}
| 95
| Built by J.R. Swan, in Kelvin Dock, Maryhill, Glasgow and launched on Loch Awe in July 1861.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Steamer on Loch Awe |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000446/18610725/011/0003 |newspaper=Inverness Courier| location=Scotland |date=25 July 1861 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|-
| 1863
|{{SS|Queen of the Lake}}
| 
| In service on the Loch in 1865. Appears to have sunk in 1869 following ice damage<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Greenock |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001702/18691231/067/0004 |newspaper=Shipping and Mercantile Gazette| location=England |date=31 December 1869 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> but re-floated and operated until around 1876.
|-
| 1876
|{{SS|Lochawe}}
| 97
| Built by [[A. & J. Inglis]] in Pointhouse yard, Glasgow for David Hutcheson & [[David MacBrayne]]. She was launched on 30 May 1876.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Launch of a Tourist Steamer on Loch Awe |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001702/18691231/067/0004 |newspaper=Oban Times and Argyllshire Advertiser | location=England |date=3 June 1876 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Length {{convert|101|ft|m}}, breadth {{convert|16.8|ft|m}} and depth {{convert|8.8|ft|m}}. Laid up in 1914 and scrapped in 1924.
|-
| 1882
|{{SS|Countess of Breadalbane}}
| 95
| Built by the Abercorn Shipbuilding Company in Paisley, paid for by the Earl of Breadalbane for the Loch Awe Hotel Company to sail in connection with trains of the Callendar an Oban Railway. Launched on Monday 29 June 1882.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=New Steamer on Loch Awe |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004367/18820603/029/0009 |newspaper=Railway News | location=England |date=3 June 1882 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Length of {{convert|100|ft|m}}, a breadth of {{convert|14|ft|m}} a depth of {{convert|11|ft|m}} and a draft of {{convert|7|ft|m}}. In 1922 ownership transferred to the [[Caledonian Steam Packet Company]] and she was broken up in 1936.
|-
| 1881
|{{SS|Eagle}}
| 
| Cargo vessel built for William Campbell Muir of Innistrynich. Sank in 1936.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Chatty side of the News |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/19500621/108/0004 |newspaper=Edinburgh Evening News | location=England |date=21 June 1950 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|-
| 1883
|{{SS|Kilchurn Castle}}
| 
| Built in 1882 on the River Clyde. Launched in 1883 for Thomas Cameron of the Port Sonachan Hotel. Replaced in 1895 by the TSS ''Caledonia''.
|-
| 
|{{SS|Margery}}
| 
| Cargo steamer
|-
| 1895
|{{TSS|Caledonia}}
| 91
| Built by [[Bow, McLachlan and Company]], Thistle Works in Paisley for Thomas Cameron of the Port Sonachan Hotel. Launched on 6 May 1895.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=A handsomely-built steel twin-screw steamer… |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004369/18950511/035/0008 |newspaper=Railway News | location=England |date=11 May 1895 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref> She was 91 tons, with a length of {{convert|80|ft|m}}, a breadth of {{convert|14.5|ft|m}} and a depth of {{convert|8|ft|m}}. Sold in 1918, later moved to Belgium and reported lost in 1938.
|-
| 1899
|Motor Yacht Sonachan
| 16
| Daimler motor launch designed by J. Paterson of Greenock and built by Paul Jones.& Son, Gourock for Mr. E.S. Macdougall of Sonachan House, Argyllshire. She was launched on 31 July 1899.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Yesterday afternoon |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000735/18990801/003/0003 |newspaper=Daily Record | location=Scotland |date=1 August 1899 |access-date=30 November 2024 |via = [[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|-
| 1901
|SS ''Ben Cruachan''
| 
| Cargo vessel built by Robert Rodger of Port Glasgow for Thomas Dow. In 1921 she was converted from steam to diesel propulsion and renamed M.V. Glenorchy. She was withdrawn in 1935. 
|-
| 1900
|{{SS|Growley (I)}}
| 
| Built by Scott’s Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Greenock. 
|-
| 1936
|{{SS|Growley (II)}}
| 
| Taken by the Admiralty at the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]. Wrecked near Inverary.
|-
| 1936
|{{MV|Countess of Breadalbane}}
| 106
| For the [[Caledonian Steam Packet Company]] built by William Denny & Bros,. Dumbarton. Yard number 106. Transferred to the River Clyde in 1952. Broken up in 1999.
|}

== Environs ==
[[Image:Lochaweandinnischonain.jpg|right|thumb|Loch Awe showing some of the islands in the loch, including [[Innis Chonan]]]]
The [[A85 road]] and the [[West Highland Line]] run along the northern bank of the loch, and the [[A819 road|A819]] follows the south-east bank for a short distance up to the village of Cladich. From there the single-track [[B840 road|B840]] runs for the remaining distance to the head of the loch at [[Ford, Argyll|Ford]] and then joining the [[A816 road|A816]] a short distance north of [[Kilmartin]]. Similarly, on the north-west side an unclassified single-track road runs the full length from the [[A85 road|A85]] in Taynuilt to Ford.

;Lochawe village and Loch Awe railway station
At the northern tip of the Loch, [[Loch Awe railway station|a railway station]] was opened in 1880 when the [[Callander and Oban Railway]] passed that way, and a large luxury [[hotel]] was created (Loch Awe Hotel, 1871). There is also the Ben Cruachan Inn which used to be the coach-house for the hotel. A village has grown up around the hotel, essentially running along the single strip defined by the A85 road.  A steamer service used to operate on the loch from the pier just below the hotel, stopping at Portsonachan, Taycreggan, [[Eredine]] and Ford. The village now includes [[St Conan’s Kirk]], one of the most interesting pieces of Church architecture in Scotland. Confusingly, while the railway station is called Loch Awe, the village is contracted to '''Lochawe'''. The author [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]] resided in her Lochard home, House of Letterawe, during the last several decades of her long life.

==See also==
*[[Cailleach]]
*[[List of reservoirs and dams in the United Kingdom]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Awe, Loch}}
* [http://www.loch-awe.com/ The Loch Awe community web site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703162546/http://www.fishing-argyll.co.uk/ Fishing-Argyll web site]
* [http://www.scotlandontv.tv/scotland_on_tv/video.html?vxSiteId=60fdd544-9c52-4e17-be7e-57a2a2d76992&vxChannel=SeeScot%20Places&vxClipId=1380_SMG422&vxBitrate=300 Video tour of St Conan's Kirk, Loch Awe]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.alexandercarrick.webeden.co.uk/#/lochawe/4516803103/ Link to website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916022731/http://www.alexandercarrick.webeden.co.uk/#/lochawe/4516803103/ |date=16 September 2013 }} of [[Alexander Carrick]], sculptor of war memorial and St. Conan's Kirk
*[http://openwaterpedia.com/index.php?title=Three_Lakes_Challenge Three Lakes Challenge]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Awe, Loch}}
[[Category:Loch Awe| ]]
[[Category:Freshwater lochs of Scotland]]
[[Category:Lochs of Argyll and Bute]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Argyll and Bute]]