View source for Lockheed Hudson

{{Short description|Family of transport and patrol bomber aircraft}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
  |name = Hudson <br/> A-28 / A-29 / AT-18
  |image = Lockheed A-29 Hudson USAAF in flight c1941.jpg
  |caption = Lockheed A-29 Hudson
  |type = [[Bomber]], [[reconnaissance]], [[transport plane|transport]], [[maritime patrol]] aircraft 
  |manufacturer = [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]]
  |designer = [[Clarence Johnson|Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]] 
  |first_flight = 10 December 1938
  |introduction = 1939
  |retired =
  |status =
  |primary_user = [[Royal Air Force]]
  |more_users = [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] <br/>[[Royal Australian Air Force]] <br/>[[United States Army Air Forces]]
  |produced = 1938–1943
  |number_built = 2,941
  |unit cost =
  |developed_from = [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]
  |variants = 
}}

The '''Lockheed Hudson''' is a [[light bomber]] and [[maritime patrol|coastal]] [[reconnaissance]] [[aircraft]] built by the American [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed Aircraft Corporation]].  It was initially put into service by the [[Royal Air Force]] shortly before the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] and primarily operated by it thereafter. The Hudson was a military conversion of the [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra|Model 14 Super Electra]] airliner, and was the first significant aircraft construction contract for Lockheed — the initial RAF order for 200 Hudsons far surpassed any previous order the company had received.<ref>Herman 2012,  pp. 11, 85, 86.</ref><ref>Parker 2013, pp. 59, 71.</ref><ref>Borth 1945, p. 244.</ref> 

The Hudson served throughout the war, mainly with [[Coastal Command]] but also in [[transport plane|transport]] and [[trainer aircraft|training]] roles, as well as delivering agents into [[occupied France]].  It was also used extensively with the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]]'s [[anti-submarine]] squadrons and by the [[Royal Australian Air Force]].

==Design and development==
[[File:Lockheed Hudson cockpit.jpg|thumb|Lockheed Hudson cockpit]]
[[File:A Lockheed Hudson Bomber (2820267847).jpg|thumb|Lockheed Hudson Bomber, [[Clyde Engineering]] Works]]
In late 1937 Lockheed sent a cutaway drawing of the Model 14 to various publications, showing the new aircraft as a civilian aircraft and converted to a light bomber.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Popular Science Monthly|author=Bonnier Corporation|title=New Transport Plane Can Be Converted To Bomber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64|date=November 1937|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|page=64}}</ref> This attracted the interest of various air forces and in 1938, the [[British Purchasing Commission]] sought an American maritime patrol aircraft for the [[United Kingdom]] to support the [[Avro Anson]].

The Commission ordered 200 aircraft for use by the Royal Air Force and the first aircraft started flight trials from [[Burbank, California]] on 10 December 1938.{{sfn|Francillon|1982| p= 146}} The flight trials showed no major issues, and deliveries to the RAF began on 15 February 1939.{{sfn|Francillon|1982| p= 146}} Production was sped up after the British indicated they would order another 50 aircraft if the original 200 could be delivered before the end of 1939.{{sfn|Francillon|1982| p= 146}} Lockheed sub-contracted some parts assembly to [[Rohr Aircraft Corp]] of San Diego and increased its workforce, allowing the company to produce the 250th aircraft seven and a half weeks before the deadline.{{sfn|Francillon|1982| p= 146}}

A total of 350 Mk I and 20 '''Mk II''' Hudsons were supplied (the Mk II had different [[Propeller (aircraft)|propeller]]s). These had two fixed Browning [[machine gun]]s in the nose and two more in the [[Boulton Paul Aircraft#Boulton Paul gun turrets|Boulton Paul dorsal turret]]. The '''Hudson Mk III''' added one ventral and two beam machine guns and replaced the 1,100&nbsp;hp [[Wright R-1820 Cyclone]] 9-cylinder radials with 1,200&nbsp;hp versions (428 produced).<ref>Parker 2013, p. 71.</ref>

The '''Hudson Mk V''' (309 produced) and '''Mk VI''' (450 produced) were powered by the 1,200&nbsp;hp [[Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp|Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp]] 14-cylinder two-row radial. The RAF also obtained 380 '''Mk IIIA''' and 30 '''Mk IV''' Hudsons under the [[Lend-Lease]] program.

==Operational history==

===World War II===
By February 1939, RAF Hudsons began to be delivered, initially equipping [[No. 224 Squadron RAF]] at [[RAF Leuchars]], [[Scotland]] in May 1939. By the start of the war in September, 78 Hudsons were in service.<ref name="am1015 p80">Kightly 2015, p. 80.</ref> Due to the [[Neutrality Acts of the 1930s|United States' neutrality]] at that time, early series aircraft were flown to the Canada–US border, landed, and then towed on their wheels over the border into Canada by tractors or horse drawn teams, before then being flown to [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) airfields where they were then dismantled and "cocooned" for transport as deck cargo, by ship to [[Liverpool]]. The Hudsons were supplied without the [[Boulton Paul]] dorsal turret, which was installed on arrival in the United Kingdom.

Although later outclassed by larger bombers, the Hudson achieved some significant feats during the first half of the war. On 8 October 1939, over [[Jutland]], a Hudson became the first Allied aircraft operating from the [[British Isles]] to shoot down an enemy aircraft<ref>[http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/lockheed-hudson-iiia/ "Collections: Lockheed Hudson IIIA."] ''RAF Museum''. Retrieved: 15 October 2014.</ref> (earlier victories by a [[Fairey Battle]] on 20 September 1939 over [[Aachen]] and by [[Blackburn Skua]]s of the [[Fleet Air Arm]] on 26 September 1939 had been by aircraft based in [[France]] or on an [[aircraft carrier]]). Hudsons also provided top cover during the [[Battle of Dunkirk]]. On 23 July 1941 a Hudson shot down a [[Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor]], while escorting a shipping convoy off Ireland.<ref>Nesbit, R. C. ''The RAF in Camera 1939-1945'' 1998 p.65 photograph  ISBN 0750915331</ref>

On 27 August 1941, a Hudson of [[No. 269 Squadron RAF]], operating from [[RAF Kaldadarnes|Kaldadarnes, Iceland]], attacked and damaged the {{GS|U-570}} causing the submarine's crew to display a white flag and surrender – the aircraft achieved the unusual distinction of capturing a naval vessel. The Germans were taken prisoner and the submarine taken under tow when Royal Navy ships subsequently arrived on the scene.<ref>Thomas, Andrew. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610231043/http://www.oca.269squadron.btinternet.co.uk/history/icelandic_hunters/aviation_news.pdf "Icelandic Hunters - No 269 Squadron Royal Air Force."] ''Aviation News'', 24 May 2001. Retrieved: 15 October 2014.</ref> A PBO-1 Hudson of the [[United States Navy]] squadron [[VPB-125|VP-82]] became the first US aircraft to destroy a German submarine,<ref>Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 505.</ref> when it sank {{GS|U-656||2}} southwest of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] on 1 March 1942. {{GS|U-701||2}} was destroyed on 7 July 1942 while running on the surface off [[Cape Hatteras]] by a Hudson of the [[96th Air Refueling Squadron|396th Bombardment Squadron (Medium)]], [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF). A Hudson of [[No. 113 Squadron RCAF]] became the first aircraft of the RCAF's Eastern Air Command to sink a submarine, when Hudson ''625'' sank {{GS|U-754||2}} on 31 July 1942.<ref>Douglas 1986, p. 520.</ref>

A [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (RAAF) Hudson was involved in the [[1940 Canberra air disaster|Canberra air disaster]] of 1940, in which three [[minister (government)|ministers of the Australian government]] were killed.

On 10 August 1942 RAAF 13 squadron sank IJN auxiliary netlayer [[Japanese netlayer Fukuei Maru No. 15 (1939)| Fukuei Maru No. 15]] off Beco, [[Portuguese Timor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/Fukuei15_t.htm |title=Japanese Auxiliary Netlayers|publisher=Combinedfleet.com |access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>

In 1941, the USAAF began operating the Hudson; the Twin Wasp-powered variant was designated the '''A-28''' (82 acquired) and the Cyclone-powered variant was designated the '''A-29''' (418 acquired). The US Navy operated 20 A-29s, redesignated the '''PBO-1'''. A further 300 were built as aircrew trainers, designated the '''AT-18'''.

[[File:RAAF Hudson.jpg|thumb|Lockheed Hudson aircraft of No. 1 Squadron under assembly at [[RAAF Base Richmond|RAAF Station Richmond]]. The Hudson in the right foreground was flown by [[Flight Lieutenant|Flt Lt]] John Lockwood, who led the first Allied attack against the Japanese. He and his wingmen damaged the Japanese freighter, [[MS Awazisan Maru|''Awazisan Maru'']], forcing its abandonment.]]
Following [[Battle of Kota Bharu|Japanese landings at Kota Bharu]] during the [[Malayan campaign]], Hudsons from [[No. 1 Squadron RAAF]] became the first Allied aircraft to make an attack in the [[Pacific War]], sinking a [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] transport ship, the [[Japanese ship Awazisan Maru|''Awazisan Maru'']], off [[Kota Bharu]] at 0118h local time, an hour before the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]].

Its opponents found that the Hudson had exceptional manoeuvrability for a twin-engine aircraft; it was notable for the tight turns achievable if either engine was briefly [[feathering (propeller)|feathered]]. 
 
High-scoring Japanese ace [[Saburō Sakai]], praised the skill and fighting abilities of an RAAF Hudson crew killed in action over [[New Guinea]] after being engaged by nine highly manoeuvrable [[Mitsubishi A6M Zero]]es on 22 July 1942.<ref name="ABC-TV">[https://web.archive.org/web/20020819023853/http://www.abc.net.au/austory/transcripts/s590505.htm "Australian Story: Enemy Lines".] ''ABC-TV'', 2002. Retrieved: 30 April 2014.</ref><ref>Birkett, Gordon. [http://www.adf-serials.com.au/2a16.htm "RAAF A16 Lockheed Hudson Mk.I/Mk.II/Mk.III/Mk.IIIA/Mk.IV/MK.IVA".] ''ADF-Serials'', 2013. Retrieved: 30 April 2014.</ref> The crew, captained by [[Pilot Officer|P/O]] Warren Cowan, in Hudson Mk IIIA ''A16-201'' (bu.&nbsp;no. ''41-36979'') of [[No. 32 Squadron RAAF]], was intercepted over [[Buna, Papua New Guinea|Buna]] by nine Zeroes of the [[Tainan Air Group|''Tainan Kaigun Kōkūtai'']] led by Sakai. The Hudson crew accomplished many aggressive and unexpected turns, engaging the Japanese pilots in a dogfight for more than 10 minutes. It was only after Sakai scored hits on the rear/upper turret that the Hudson could be destroyed. Its crew made such an impression on Sakai that, after the war's end, he sought to identify them. In 1997, Sakai wrote formally to the Australian government, recommending that Cowan be "posthumously awarded your country's [[Victoria Cross for Australia|highest military decoration]]".<ref name="ABC-TV"/> In 2023, the crew of ''A16-201'' were posthumously awarded the [[Medal for Gallantry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2024-05-08/remembering-heroism-82-years|title=Remembering heroism 82 years on|date=8 May 2024|website=defence.gov.au|last=Noble|first=John|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512020636/http://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2024-05-08/remembering-heroism-82-years|archive-date=12 May 2025|access-date=15 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 23 November 1942, the crew of a [[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF|No. 3 Squadron, Royal New Zealand Air Force]] (RNZAF) Hudson Mk IIIA, ''NZ2049'',<ref>[http://www.cambridgeairforce.org.nz/RNZAF_Hudson_Survivors.html "RNZAF Lockheed Hudson Survivors."] ''Cambridge Air Force'', 2008. Retrieved: 15 July 2010.</ref> (''41-46465'') after spotting an enemy convoy near [[Vella Lavella]], was engaged by three Japanese floatplane fighters. After skilled evasive manoeuvring at an altitude of less than 50 feet (15 metres), by the Hudson's captain, [[Flying Officer]] George Gudsell,<ref>[http://www.rsa.org.nz/review/art2003september/cover_story.html "A Veteran's Advice."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522114853/http://www.rsa.org.nz/review/art2003september/cover_story.html |date=2010-05-22 }} ''rsa.org.nz.'' Retrieved: 15 July 2010.</ref> the crew returned with no casualties to [[Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)|Henderson Field]], Guadalcanal.

Hudsons were also operated by RAF Special Duties squadrons for clandestine operations; [[No. 161 Squadron RAF|No. 161 Squadron]] in [[Europe]] and [[No. 357 Squadron RAF|No. 357 Squadron]] in [[Burma]].

===Postwar use===
[[File:Lockheed L-414 VH-AGS Adastra SYD 09.04.71 edited-2.jpg|thumb|Hudson III, ex RAAF, operated by Adastra Aerial Surveys 1953–1972]]
After the war, numbers of Hudsons were sold by the military for civil operation as airliners and survey aircraft. In Australia, [[East-West Airlines (Australia)|East-West Airlines]] of [[Tamworth, New South Wales]] (NSW), operated four Hudsons on scheduled services from Tamworth to many towns in NSW and Queensland between 1950 and 1955.<ref>Marson 2001, p. 110.</ref>  [[Adastra Aerial Surveys]] based at Sydney's Mascot Airport operated seven L-414s between 1950 and 1972 on air taxi, survey and photographic flights.<ref>Marson 2001, p. 76.</ref>

A total of 2,941 Hudsons were built.<ref>Francillon 1987, pp. 148, 501–502.</ref>

The type formed the basis for development of the [[Lockheed Ventura]] resulting in them being withdrawn from front line service from 1944, though many survived the war to be used as civil transports, primarily in Australia and a single example was briefly used as an airline crew trainer in New Zealand.

==Variants==
[[File:Lockheed Hudson ExCC.jpg|thumb|A Hudson I from 11 Squadron, RCAF]]
[[File:Hudson V 48 Sqn RAF in flight 1942.jpg|thumb|Hudson Mk V of [[No. 48 Squadron RAF]], in early 1942]]
[[File:PBO-1 VP-82 NAS Argentia.jpg|thumb|A US Navy PBO-1 from VP-82 at Argentia, 1942]]
[[File:Lockheed AT-18 Hudson 3-view line drawing.png|thumb|A 3-view drawing of a Lockheed AT-18 Hudson]]

;Model 414:Company designation for the military A-28 / A-29 and Hudson variants.
;Hudson I
:Production aircraft for the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF); 351 built and 50 for the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] (RAAF).
;Hudson II
:As the Mk I but with [[Spinner (aircraft)|spinnerless]] constant speed propellers; 20 built for the RAF and 50 for the RAAF.
;Hudson III
:Production aircraft with retractable ventral gun position; 428 built.
;Hudson IIIA
:Lend-lease variants of the A-29 and A-29A aircraft; 800 built.
;Hudson IV
:As Mk II with ventral gun removed; 30 built and RAAF Mk I and IIs were converted to this standard.
;Hudson IVA
:52 A-28s delivered to the RAAF.
;Hudson V
:Mk III with two {{convert|1,200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S3C4-G Twin Wasp]] engines; 409 built.
;Hudson VI
:A-28As under lend-lease; 450 built.
;A-28
:US Military designation powered by two {{convert|1,050|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830-45]] engines; 52 lend-lease to Australia as Hudson IVA.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp= 151–152}}
;A-28A
:US Military designation powered by two {{convert|1,200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Pratt & Whitney R-1830-67]] engines,  interiors convertible to troop transports; 450 lend-lease to RAF/RCAF/RNZAF as Hudson VI; 27 units passed to the [[Brazilian Air Force]].{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp= 151–152}}
;A-29
:US Military designation powered by two {{convert|1,200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Wright R-1820 Cyclone|Wright R-1820-87]] engines;  lend lease version intended for the RAF, 153 diverted to [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) as the RA-29 and 20 to the [[United States Navy]] (USN) as the PBO-1.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp= 151–152}}
;A-29A
:As A-29 but with convertible interiors as troop transports; 384 lend-lease to the RAF/RAAF/RCAF/RNZAF Chinese Air Force as Hudson IIIA, some retained by USAAF as the RA-29A.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp= 151–152}}
;A-29B
:24 of the 153 A-29s retained by the USAAF converted for photo-survey.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp= 151–152}}
;AT-18
:Gunnery trainer version of the A-29 powered by two Wright R-1820-87 engines, 217 built.
;AT-18A
:Navigational trainer version with dorsal turret removed, 83 built.
;C-63
:Provisional designation changed to A-29A.
;PBO-1
:Twenty former RAF Hudson IIIAs repossessed for use by Patrol Squadron 82 (VP-82) of the USN

==Operators==
[[File:RAAF 13 Sqn (AWM AC0069).jpg|thumb|Two Australian Lockheed Hudsons in 1940]]

;{{AUS}}
*[[Royal Australian Air Force]]
**Squadrons serving in the [[Pacific War]]:
***[[No. 1 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 2 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 6 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 7 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 8 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 13 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 14 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 23 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 24 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 32 Squadron RAAF]]
***[[No. 1 Operational Training Unit RAAF]]
** [[Article XV squadrons]] serving with [[RAF Middle East Command]]:
***[[No. 459 Squadron RAAF]]
;{{BRA}}
*[[Brazilian Air Force]]
**2nd Medium Bomber Group (27 units A-28A)
;{{flag|Canada|1921}}
*[[Royal Canadian Air Force]]
**Squadrons serving with the [[History of the Royal Canadian Air Force#Home defence|Home War Establishment]] (HWE):
*** [[No. 11 Squadron RCAF]]
*** [[No. 113 Squadron RCAF]]
*** [[No. 119 Squadron RCAF]]
*** [[No. 120 Squadron RCAF]]
*** [[No. 145 Squadron RCAF]]
** [[Article XV squadrons]] serving with [[RAF Coastal Command during World War II|RAF Coastal Command]]:
*** [[407 Long Range Patrol Squadron|No. 407 Squadron RCAF]]
;{{China as ROC}}
*[[Chinese Nationalist Air Force]]
;{{IRL}}
*[[Irish Air Corps]]
;{{ISR}}
*[[Israeli Air Force]]
;{{NLD}}
*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
**[[No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF]]
[[File:RNZAFMuseumLockheed Hudson.jpg|thumb|Hudson in the [[RNZAF Museum]]]]
;{{NZL}}
*[[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]
**[[No. 1 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 2 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 3 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 4 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 9 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 40 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 41 Squadron RNZAF]]
**[[No. 42 Squadron RNZAF]]
;{{POR}}
*[[Portugal Air Force]]
;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}
*[[South African Air Force]]
;{{UK}}
*[[Royal Air Force]]
**[[No. 24 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 48 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 53 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 59 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 62 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 117 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 139 Squadron RAF|No. 139 (Jamaica) Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 161 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 163 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 194 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 200 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 203 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 206 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 212 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 217 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 220 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 224 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 231 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 233 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 251 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 267 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 269 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 271 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 279 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 285 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 287 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 288 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 289 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 353 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 357 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 500 Squadron RAF|No. 500 (County of Kent) Squadron RAuxAF]]
**[[No. 517 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 519 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 520 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 521 Squadron RAF]]
**[[No. 608 Squadron RAF|No. 608 (North Riding) Squadron RAuxAF]]
**Communication Flight Iraq and Persia<ref>Lake 1999,  p. 5</ref>
*[[Royal Navy]] [[Fleet Air Arm]]
** 4 aircraft from Royal Air Force
;{{USA}}
* [[Sperry Gyroscope]]
* [[United States Army Air Forces]]
* [[United States Navy]]
[[File:RAF Lockheed Hudson.jpg|thumb|Lockheed Hudson Mk IIIA (T9422) at the North Atlantic Aviation Museum, [[Gander, Newfoundland]]]]

===Civil operators===
;{{AUS}}
*[[East-West Airlines (Australia)|East-West Airlines]]
* Adastra Air Surveys<ref>{{cite web|title=LOCKHEED HUDSON|url=http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/hudson.htm|website=Adastra Aerial Surveys|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
;{{BEL}}
*[[COBETA Compagnie Belge de Transports Aeriens]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://airlinehistory.co.uk/airline/cobeta-compagnie-belge-de-transports-aeriens/ | title = COBETA Compagnie Belge de Transports Aeriens  | publisher = Airline History | access-date = 9 November 2021}}</ref>
;{{POR}}
*[[TAP Portugal|TAP – Transportes Aéreos Portugueses]]
;{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago|colonial}}
*[[British West Indian Airways]]
;{{GBR}}
*[[British Overseas Airways Corporation|BOAC – British Overseas Airways Corporation]]

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:Lockheed Hudson III Point Cook Vabre.jpg|thumb|Hudson Mk III at Point Cook (2008)]]
[[File:Hudson bomber passenger variant DSC02062.JPG|thumb|Hudson Bomber converted for civilian passenger use after the Second World War and flown by East-West Airlines; it is restored as a Hudson Mk III and is currently located at the Temora Aviation Museum]]

;Australia
* A16-105 – Hudson IV on static display at [[Canberra Airport]] in [[Pialligo, Australian Capital Territory]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Connery|first1=Georgina|title=Restored Lockheed Hudson bomber on display at Canberra Airport|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/restored-lockheed-hudson-bomber-on-display-at-canberra-airport-20161219-gte1p3.html|access-date=18 October 2017|work=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media|date=22 December 2016}}</ref> It is owned by the [[Australian War Memorial]] and was restored at the museum's Treloar Technology Centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Hudson Mk IV bomber A16-105 : 1 Operational Training Unit, RAAF|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/REL28674|website=Australian War Memorial|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Blog: Lockheed Hudson Mk IV bomber A16-105|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/blog/tags/lockheed-hudson-mk-iv-bomber-a16-105/|website=Australian War Memorial|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed Hudson IV, s/n A16-105 RAAF, c/n 414-6034, c/r VH-AGP|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=151150|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cuskelly|first1=Ron|title=VH-AGP|url=http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-fxf.htm|website=Adastra Aerial Surveys|access-date=13 December 2016|date=25 October 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220112605/http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-fxf.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A16-112 – Hudson IV airworthy at the [[Temora Aviation Museum]] in [[Temora, New South Wales]]. As of March 2023 this aircraft is the only flying Hudson.  It is painted as a Hudson III, serial number A16-211, with the nose art ''The Tojo Busters''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Hudson|url=http://www.aviationmuseum.com.au/aircraft_colection/hudson/index.html|website=Temora Aviation Museum|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=11 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711070002/http://www.aviationmuseum.com.au/aircraft_colection/hudson/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed Hudson IV, s/n A16-112 RAAF, c/n 414-6041, c/r VH-KOY|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=16308|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft Register [VH-KOY]|url=https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?vh=KOY|website=Australian Government Civil Aviation Safety Authority|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cuskelly|first1=Ron|title=VH-AGS|url=http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-koy.htm|website=Adastra Aerial Surveys|access-date=13 December 2016|date=26 February 2016|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001928/http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-koy.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ownership was transferred to the RAAF in July 2019 and it is operated by the [[No. 100 Squadron RAAF|Air Force Heritage Squadron (Temora Historic Flight)]].
* A16-122 – Hudson IVA in storage at the [[RAAF Museum]] in [[Point Cook, Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed Hudson IVA, s/n A16-122 RAAF, c/n 414-6051, c/r VH-AGX|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=171874|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cuskelly|first1=Ron|title=VH-AGX|url=http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-agx.htm|website=Adastra Aerial Surveys|access-date=13 December 2016|date=12 September 2016}}</ref>

;Canada
* BW769 – Hudson IIIA on static display at the [[North Atlantic Aviation Museum]] in [[Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador]]. It was previously mounted on a pedestal near [[Gander International Airport]] for many years. It is painted as T9422.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Hudson Bomber|url=http://northatlanticaviationmuseum.com/lockheed-hudson-bomber|website=North Atlantic Aviation Museum|date=15 September 2013 |access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
* FK466 – Hudson VI under restoration at the [[National Air Force Museum of Canada]] in [[Trenton, Ontario]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restoration|url=http://airforcemuseum.ca/en/hudson-restoration|website=National Air Force Museum of Canada|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803095032/http://airforcemuseum.ca/en/hudson-restoration|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;New Zealand
* NZ2013 – Hudson III on static display at the [[Air Force Museum of New Zealand]] in [[Wigram|Wigram, Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Featured Aircraft|url=http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/collections/featured-collections/?c_type=aircraft|website=Air Force Museum of New Zealand|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220185851/http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/collections/featured-collections/?c_type=aircraft|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>
* NZ2031 – Hudson III on static display at the [[Museum of Transport and Technology]] in [[Western Springs (Auckland suburb)|Western Springs]], Auckland.<ref>{{cite web|title=AVIATION|url=http://www.motat.org.nz/collection/collection-themes/aviation/|website=Museum of Transport and Technology|publisher=MOTAT|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113095339/http://www.motat.org.nz/collection/collection-themes/aviation|archive-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wesley|first1=Richard|title=Lockheed 414 Hudson GR.III|url=http://motataircraft.blogspot.com/2007/12/lockheed-414-hudson-griii.html|website=MOTAT Aircraft Collection|publisher=Blogger|access-date=13 December 2016|date=23 December 2007}}</ref>
* NZ2035 – Hudson III under restoration at the Ferrymead Aeronautical Society at [[Ferrymead Heritage Park]] in [[Christchurch, Canterbury]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Hudson NZ2035|url=http://www.ferrymeadaero.org.nz/about-us/lockheed-hudson-nz2035|website=Ferrymead Aeronautical Society|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed Hudson III, s/n NZ2035 RNZAF, c/n 414-3858|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=123140|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
* NZ2049 – Hudson IIIA owned by Bill Reid<ref name="WOC">{{cite web|last1=Homewood|first1=Dave|title=Royal New Zealand Air Force Lockheed Hudson Survivors|url=http://www.cambridgeairforce.org.nz/RNZAF_Hudson_Survivors.html|website=Wings Over Cambridge|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="NZDFS">{{cite web|title=RNZAF Lockheed Hudson Mk.III, Mk.IIIA, Mk.V & Mk.VI NZ2001 to NZ2094|url=http://www.adf-serials.com.au/nz-serials/nzhudson.htm|website=NZDF-SERIALS|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> and on display at the [[Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre]].
* NZ2084 – Hudson IIIA with Nigel Wilcox in Christchurch, Canterbury.<ref name="WOC" /><ref name="NZDFS" />
* Unknown – Unknown fuselage under restoration to static display in a private collection near [[Ardmore Aerodrome]] near [[Manurewa|Manurewa, Auckland]].{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

;United Kingdom
* A16-199 – Hudson IIIA on static display at the [[Royal Air Force Museum London]] in [[London]]. It is painted in the colours of the 13 Squadron of the Royal Australian Air Force.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Hudson IIIA|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/lockheed-hudson-iiia|website=Royal Air Force Museum|publisher=Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Simpson|first1=Andrew|title=INDIVIDUAL HISTORY|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/81-AF-1057-Hudson-111A-A16-199.pdf|website=Royal Air Force Museum|access-date=13 December 2016|date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cuskelly|first1=Ron|title=VH-AGJ|url=http://www.adastron.com/adastra/aircraft/hudson/vh-agj.htm|website=Adastra Aerial Surveys|access-date=13 December 2016|date=2 March 2016}}</ref>

==Specifications (Hudson Mk I)==
[[File:Lockheed Hudson.svg|300px|right|Lockheed Hudson 3-view drawing]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913<ref name="Frncp147,58">Francillon 1982, pp. 147, 158.</ref><!-- reference -->
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=Five
|capacity=
|length m=
|length ft=44
|length in=4
|span m=
|span ft=65
|span in=6
|height m=
|height ft=11
|height in=10
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=551
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=11630
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=17500
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-1820 Cyclone|Wright GR-1820-G102A Cyclone]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder [[radial engine]]s
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=1100<!-- prop engines -->
|power original=
|more power=

|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=246
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|6500|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=220<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=1960
|range nmi=
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=25000
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=2180
|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=<br/>
**2 × [[.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[M1919 Browning machine gun|Browning machine gun]]s in dorsal turret
**2× .303 Browning machine guns in nose
|bombs={{convert|1400|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of bombs or [[depth charge]]s
|rockets= 
|missiles= 
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]
* [[Lockheed Ventura]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Avro Anson]]
* [[Bristol Blenheim]]
* [[Dornier Do 17]]
* [[Douglas A-20 Havoc]]
* [[Martin Maryland]]
* [[PZL.37 Łoś]]
* [[Tupolev SB]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]
* [[List of aircraft of the Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
* [[List of Lockheed aircraft]]
|see also=
* {{slink|Aircraft in fiction#Lockheed Hudson}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* Borth, Christy. ''Masters of Mass Production''. Indianapolis, Indiana: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1945.
*{{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Des avions alliés aux couleurs japonais |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 2002 |issue=109 |pages=17–21 |trans-title=Allied Aircraft in Japanese Colors|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
* Douglas, W.A.B. ''The Creation of a National Air Force''. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1986. {{ISBN|978-0-80202-584-5}}.
* {{cite book|last=Francillon |first= René J. |title=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 |location= London |publisher= Putnam & Company |year= 1982 |isbn=0-370-30329-6 }}.
* Francillon, René. ''Lockheed Aircraft since 1913''. London: Putnam, 1987. {{ISBN|0-85177-805-4}}.
* Herman, Arthur. ''Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II''. New York: Random House, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-4000-6964-4}}.
* Kightly, James."Database: Lockheed Hudson". ''[[Aeroplane Monthly|Aeroplane]]'', Vol. 43, No. 10, October 2015. pp.&nbsp;73–88.
* {{cite book |last = Lawrence |first = Joseph |title = The Observer's Book Of Airplanes |location = London and New York |publisher = Frederick Warne & Co |year = 1945}}
* Marson, Peter J. ''The Lockheed Twins''. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, 2001. {{ISBN|0-85130-284-X}}.
* Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II''.  Cypress, California: Amazon Digital Services, Inc., 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-9897906-0-4}}.
*{{cite journal |last1=Roba|first1=Jean-Louis|last2=Cony|first2=Christophe|name-list-style=amp |title=Donnerkeil: 12 février 1942 |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=October 2001 |issue=103 |pages=25–32|trans-title=Operation Donnerkeil: 12 February 1942 |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Stitt|first=Robert M.|title=Round-out |magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]] |date=July–August 2002|issue=100 |page=75 |issn=0143-5450}}
* Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. ''United States Navy Aircraft since 1911''. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976. {{ISBN|0-87021-792-5}}.
* Vincent, David. ''The RAAF Hudson Story: Book One'' Highbury, South Australia: David Vincent, 1999. {{ISBN|0-9596052-2-3}}
* Lake, Alan. ''Flying Units of the RAF – The ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912.'' Airlife Publishing Ltd, Shrewsbury, UK, 1999, {{ISBN|1840370866}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Lockheed Hudson}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916151852/http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/main/LockheedHudson/ RNZAF Museum Hudson page]
*[https://www.aviationmuseum.com.au/lockhead-hudson Temora Aviation Museum Hudson page]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193311/http://www.adastra.adastron.com/aircraft/hudson/hudson.htm ADASTRA Aerial Surveys Hudson page]

{{Lockheed Model 10 Electra family}}
{{Lockheed}}
{{USAF attack aircraft}}
{{USAF trainer aircraft}}
{{USAF transports}}
{{USN patrol aircraft}}
{{ADF aircraft designations}}
{{FAB aircraft designations}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lockheed aircraft|Hudson]]
[[Category:1930s United States patrol aircraft|Lockheed PBO]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1938]]
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[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]