View source for Logan River

{{About|the river in Queensland, Australia|the river with the same name in Utah, USA,|Logan River (Utah)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{GeoGroup}}{{Infobox river
| name               = Logan
| native_name        = {{native name|xjb|Dugulumba}}
| name_other         = 
| name_etymology     = Captain [[Patrick Logan]]
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image              = Logan River from Tanah Merah facing Bethania.jpg
| image_size         = 280
| image_caption      = The Logan River from [[Tansey Park]], [[Tanah Merah, Queensland|Tanah Merah]] looking toward [[Bethania, Queensland|Bethania]], 2025
| map                = 
| map_size           = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Australia Queensland
| pushpin_map_size   = 
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Logan River [[river mouth|mouth]] in Queensland
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1  = Country
| subdivision_name1  = [[Australia]]
| subdivision_type2  = State
| subdivision_name2  = [[Queensland]]
| subdivision_type3  = Region
| subdivision_name3  = [[South East Queensland]]
| subdivision_type4  = [[Local government in Queensland|Local government areas]]
| subdivision_name4  = [[Scenic Rim Region]], [[City of Logan]], [[City of Gold Coast]]
| subdivision_type5  = Cities
| subdivision_name5  = {{QLDcity|Beaudesert}}, {{QLDcity|Logan City}}
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length             = {{convert|184|km|mi|abbr=on}} 
| width_min          = 
| width_avg          = 
| width_max          = 
| depth_min          = 
| depth_avg          = 
| depth_max          = 
| discharge1_location= 
| discharge1_min     = 
| discharge1_avg     = 
| discharge1_max     = 
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1            = [[Scenic Rim]]
| source1_location   = below Mount Ernest
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|28|19|40|S|152|42|55|E|display=inline|type:watercourse_region:AU-QLD|name=Logan River (source)}}
| source1_elevation  = {{convert|380|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth              = [[Moreton Bay]]
| mouth_location     = east of {{QLDcity|Alberton}}
| mouth_coordinates  = {{coord|27|41|40|S|153|20|43|E|display=inline,title|type:watercourse_region:AU-QLD|name=Logan River (mouth)}}
| mouth_elevation    = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}
| progression        = 
| river_system       = 
| basin_size         = {{convert|3076|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left   = Mount Barney Creek, Burnett Creek, [[Tamrookum Creek]], Knapps Creek (Queensland), Sandy Creek (Queensland), Allan Creek, [[Teviot Brook]], Flagstone Creek (Queensland)
| tributaries_right  = Running Creek, Oaky Creek (Queensland), Christmas Creek (Queensland), [[Albert River (Queensland)|Albert River]]
| custom_label       = [[National park]]
| custom_data        = [[Mount Barney National Park]]
| extra              = <ref name=bonzle>{{cite web |url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=209364&cmd=sp |title=Map of Logan River, QLD |work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia |access-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827033228/http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=209364&cmd=sp |archive-date=27 August 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |publisher=South East Queensland Regional Strategy Group |title=Strategic Guide to Resource Management in South East Queensland |date=November 2000 |page=112 }}</ref><ref name=logan>{{cite web |url=http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/97019/LoganRiverFactSheet.pdf |title=Logan River Catchment: Fact Sheet |publisher=[[City of Logan]] |access-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312155924/http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/97019/LoganRiverFactSheet.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
}}
The '''Logan River''' ([[Yugambeh dialect|Yugambeh]]: '''''Dugulumba'''''<ref name=logan/>) is a [[perennial river]] in the [[Scenic Rim Region|Scenic Rim]], [[City of Logan|Logan]] and [[City of Gold Coast|Gold Coast]] local government areas of the [[South East Queensland|South East]] region of [[Queensland]], Australia.  The {{convert|184|km|adj=on}}-long river is one of the dominant waterways in South East Queensland that drains the southern ranges of the [[Scenic Rim]] and empties into [[Moreton Bay]] after navigating the [[City of Logan]], a major suburban centre located south of [[Brisbane]]. The [[drainage basin|catchment]] is dominated by urban and agricultural land use. Near the [[mouth (river)|river mouth]] are [[mangrove]] forests and a number of [[aquaculture]] farms.<ref name="mbs">{{cite book |title=Moreton Bay Study: A Scientific Basis for the Healthy Waterways Campaign |author1=Dennison, William C. |author2=Abal, Eva G. |year=1999 |publisher=South East Queensland Regional Water Quality Management Strategy Team |location=Brisbane |isbn=0-9586368-1-8 |pages=186–187 }}</ref>

==Course and features==
[[File:Logan River at Woodhill, Queensland.jpg|thumb|left|[[Woodhill, Queensland|Woodhill]], 2016]]
[[File:StateLibQld 1 232902 Riders on the Logan Bridge below Tamrookum, 1903.jpg|thumb|left|Logan Bridge below [[Tamrookum, Queensland|Tamrookum]], 1903]]
[[File:StateLibQld 1 132332 Bridge construction on the Logan River, 1930.jpg|thumb|left|Bridge construction on the Logan River, 1930]]
The river rises below Mount Ernest on the southern slopes of the Scenic Rim, part of the [[Great Dividing Range]] and forms in the [[Mount Barney National Park]], near the Queensland{{spaced endash}}[[New South Wales]] border, below [[Mount Lindesay (Queensland)|Mount Lindesay]]. The river flows generally north by northeast, joined by eleven minor [[tributary|tributaries]], before heading east and eventually emptying into [[Moreton Bay]]. Its principal tributaries are the [[Albert River (Queensland)|Albert River]] which joins it just east of [[Beenleigh]]; Teviot Brook which begins at [[Mount Superbus]] and joins the Logan River at Cedar Pocket; and Burnett Creek which is subverted by the [[Maroon Dam]] west of [[Rathdowney, Queensland|Rathdowney]]. The river descends {{convert|380|m}} over its {{convert|184|km|adj=on}} [[watercourse|course]].<ref name=bonzle/>
[[File:Maclean Bridge North Maclean.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Mount Lindesay Highway]] via the Maclean Bridge at {{QLDcity|North Maclean}}, 2014]]
[[File:Logan River at Carbrook (left) and Alberton (right), 2014.JPG|thumb|left|Logan River at Carbrook (left) and Alberton (right), 2014]]
In addition to the Scenic Rim, the Logan and its tributaries drain more than {{convert|3000|km2}} including the northern parts of the [[Border Ranges National Park|Border Ranges]], the western slopes of the [[McPherson Range]] and the eastern slopes of the [[Main Range National Park#Geology|Main Range]]. The river's upper catchment is heavily influenced by the national parks of [[Tamborine National Park|Tamborine]], Mount Barney, [[Moogerah Peaks National Park|Moogerah Peaks]], [[Main Range National Park|Main Range]] and the [[Lamington National Park|Lamington Plateau]], and numerous local government-owned reserves and conservation areas,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seqcatchments.com.au/_literature_70174/Logan_Albert_Rivers |format=[[PDF]] |title=Logan and Albert Rivers Catchments |work=Fact sheets |publisher=SEQ Catchments |access-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313192606/http://www.seqcatchments.com.au/_literature_70174/Logan_Albert_Rivers |archive-date=13 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> that comprise part of the Shield Volcano Group of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] [[Gondwana Rainforests|Gondwana Rainforests of Australia]].

The river is crossed by the [[Mount Lindesay Highway]] near Rathdowney and at {{QLDcity|North Maclean}} via Maclean's Bridge. The river is also crossed by the [[Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads)|Pacific Motorway]] and the Old Pacific Highway south of {{QLDcity|Loganholme}}.<ref name=bonzle/> The [[Beenleigh railway line]] crosses the Logan between [[Loganlea railway station|Loganlea]] and [[Bethania railway station|Bethania]].  A second rail crossing is planned to accommodate a doubling of rail tracks between the Kuraby and Beenleigh in time for the 2032 Brisbane Olympics.<ref name="k2bfacts"> {{cite web |url=https://hdp-au-prod-app-qldtmr-yoursay-files.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/4016/2856/2783/Factsheet_2_-_Wembley_Road_to_Logan_River.pdf |title=Logan and Gold Coast Faster Rail Area 2: Wembley Road to the Logan River |publisher=Department of Transport and Main Roads |access-date=22 October 2021}}</ref>  Tidal waters reach to just downstream of the Maclean's Bridge.<ref name=logan/>

==Water harvesting==
Maroon Dam subverts Burnnett Creek, and supplies water to the [[Beaudesert Shire]]. Maroon is managed by [[SunWater]] and covers approximately {{convert|106|km2}}. The [[Queensland Government]] has considered several projects to supply water to its ''Southern Regional Pipeline''. The Bromelton off-stream storage facility is under construction on the Logan River, outside Beaudesert, as is the [[Cedar Grove Weir]], near Jimboomba. In 2006 the Queensland Government decided against the construction of a Logan River dam at Tilley's Bridge in Rathdowney due to mounting public pressure and high road diversion costs. Instead, the [[Wyaralong Dam]] was proposed on Teviot Brook near [[Boonah, Queensland|Boonah]] which will inundate fifteen properties instead of the one hundred properties for the Tilley's Bridge site. The Tilley's Bridge dam, if it had been approved, would have inundated the area of land between Tilley's Bridge, just to the south of Rathdowney, and Bigriggan Camping Reserve ({{Coord|-28.1986|152.7799|type:city_region:AU-QLD|display=|name=Bigriggan}}), some {{convert|8|km|mi}} west, covering a significant section of the Boonah-Rathdowney Road.

==History==
The [[Yugambeh people|Yugambeh]] clan of the [[Jagera people|Jagera]] people are thought to have once roamed throughout the catchment. [[Traditional owners]] in the catchment made use of the abundant natural resources, various plants and animals were used as staple foods as the seasons changed and as new food sources became available. They called the river ''Dugulumba'' in their traditional [[Yugambeh dialect]]<ref name=logan/> of the [[Bandjalang language]]. Yugembah (also known as Yugumbir, Jugambel, Jugambeir, Jugumbir, Jukam, Jukamba) is one of the [[Australian Aboriginal languages]] in areas that include the [[Beenleigh, Queensland|Beenleigh]], [[Beaudesert, Queensland|Beaudesert]], Gold Coast, Logan, [[Scenic Rim]], [[Albert River (South East Queensland)|Albert River]], [[Coolangatta]], [[Coomera, Queensland|Coomera]], Logan River, [[Pimpama, Queensland|Pimpama]], [[Tamborine Mountain|Tamborine]] and [[Tweed River (New South Wales)|Tweed River]] Valley, within the local government boundaries of the [[City of Gold Coast]], [[Logan City|City of Logan]], [[Scenic Rim]] Regional Council and the Tweed River Valley.<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/yugambeh-167|title=Yugambeh|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>

Mununjali (also known as Mananjahli, Manaldjahli and Manandjali) is a dialect of the [[Yugambeh language]]. The Mununjali language area includes landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Scenic Rim Region|Scenic Rim]] and [[Beaudesert Shire]] Councils.<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/mununjali-72|title=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|author=|date=|website=State Library of Queensland|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>

In August 1826 Captain [[Patrick Logan]] was the first European to discover the river. Logan initially named the river the Darling River, but to avoid confusion, Governor [[Ralph Darling]] ordered the name be changed to honour its discoverer.<ref name="stories">{{cite book |title=Stories of the Southside |last=Roberts |first=Beryl |year=1991 |publisher=Aussie Books |location=Archerfield, Queensland |isbn=0-947336-01-X |page=45 }}</ref> A run at [[Bromelton, Queensland|Bromelton]] was the first property along the river to be settled in 1842 by Hugh Henry Robertson.<ref name="ltm">{{cite book |last=Starr |first=Joan |title=Logan, the man, the river and the city. |year=1988 |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2134406 |location=Tenterfield, New South Wales |publisher=Southern Cross PR and Press Services |page=7 |isbn=0958802114}}</ref> By 1850 the property had transferred hands to [[Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior]].  [[Rosa Campbell Praed]], one of Queensland's first novelists spent time at the property and wrote about station life in detail in a 1902 book titled ''My Australian Girlhood''.<ref name="ltm"/>

Boat traffic was thriving along the river by the 1860s mostly because it was the best transport route in the area.  Steam ships, cutters and hand-loaded punts were the most common vessels.<ref name="lrih">{{cite book |title=Logan : rich in history, young in spirit |last=Buchanan |first=Robyn |year=1999 |publisher=Logan City Council |pages=59–63, 73–75 |url=http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/7325/richinhistory-kingcotton.pdf |access-date=6 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055549/http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/7325/richinhistory-kingcotton.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

For navigation purposes the river was surveyed in 1871 from its mouth upstream to McLean.<ref name="lrih"/>  Wharfs were initially built at McLean, Beenleigh, Waterford and Logan Village with more built due to public demand.<ref name="lrih"/>  Unofficial ferry crossings were conducted as early as 1862.<ref name="lrih"/>  Long-term services were established at Alberton, Loganholme and Waterford. The rail bridge at Loganlea was operating in 1885 only to be demolished two years later during floods.  A new bridge opened in 1888 and lasted until 1972 when another bridge was built.<ref name="lrih"/>

In 1905, a {{height|ft=12|in=7}} [[saltwater crocodile]] was found shot dead floating near the ferry by banks of the river.<ref name="alca">{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article124513415 |title=Alligator Captured. |newspaper=[[Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald & General Advertiser]] |date=24 June 1905 |access-date=24 July 2015 |page=13 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>  The find was preceded by reports of sightings for several years which were met with scepticism because southern Queensland is well south of their natural distribution.<ref name="alca"/>

A toll bridge on the river north of Beenleigh was opened and began collecting tolls in 1931,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50283171 |title=TOLL AT LOGAN GOING OF. |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |location=Brisbane |date=28 September 1945 |access-date=18 January 2016 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> as weekend traffic between Brisbane and the Gold Coast increased.<ref name="gghf">{{cite book |title=Gold Coast:Our heritage in focus |last=Longhurst |first=Robert |year=1995 |publisher=[[State Library of Queensland]] |location=South Brisbane, Queensland |isbn=0-7242-6563-5 |page=44 }}</ref>

The worst flooding in the lower reaches of the river in the 20th century occurred during the [[1974 Brisbane flood]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/hydro/flood/qld/brochures/logan_albert/logan_albert.shtml |title=Flood Warning System For The Logan & Albert Rivers |date=November 2010 |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=25 May 2011 }}</ref>

==Water quality and conservation==
[[File:Running Creek.ogv|thumb|Running Creek near Andrew Drynan Park at [[Running Creek, Queensland|Running Creek]], 2016]]
The quality of the water in the Logan River is very turbid.<ref name="mbs"/> The annual Healthy Waterways Report Card for the waterways and catchments of South East Queensland in 2007 rated the condition of the Logan River as very poor.<ref>[http://www.ehmp.org/filelibrary/1_reportcard2007.pdf EcosystemHealth Monitoring Program, “ReportCard ‘07”] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721145843/http://www.ehmp.org/FileLibrary/1_reportcard2007.pdf |date=21 July 2008 }}, accessed 25 November 2007.</ref> Much of the [[environmental degradation]] has been caused by land clearing, the Bromelton Industrial Estate,<ref>[http://www.healthywaterways.org/logan_albert.html Ecosystem Health Monitoring Programme, “About SEQ Waterways: Logan – Albert Catchments"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029232012/http://www.healthywaterways.org/logan_albert.html |date=29 October 2007 }}, accessed on 30 January 2007.</ref>  nutrient run-off, and pumping wastewater directly from several wastewater treatment plants in and around the Logan River.<ref>[http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00351aa.pdf/LoganNerang_water_quality_study.pdf Queensland Government, Environmental Protection Agency, “Queensland Waterways No. 3, March 2001 – Logan-Nerang Water Quality Study"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711004134/http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/publications/p00351aa.pdf/LoganNerang_water_quality_study.pdf |date=11 July 2004 }}, accessed on 25 November 2007.</ref> In 2009, the Healthy Waterways Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program rated the River's freshwater area at a "D"; its Estuarine area was given an "F".<ref>[http://www.healthywaterways.org/media/scripts/doc_download.aspx?did=1495 Healthy Waterways, "EcosystemHealth: Monitoring Program: Southern Catchments - Sub-regional Summary]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Accessed on 23 July 2010</ref>
Historically, cholera has been found in the Logan River from around 1977.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barua |first=Dhiman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4vSBwAAQBAJ&dq=logan+river+cholera&pg=PA23 |title=Cholera |last2=III |first2=William B. Greenough |date=2013-11-11 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4757-9688-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Evans |first=Alfred S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEOEBwAAQBAJ&dq=logan+river+cholera&pg=PA195 |title=Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control |date=2013-04-18 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4757-1140-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Queensland Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)-Legislative Assembly, 20 March 1980 at pp 2823-2824. Found at {{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1980/1980_03_20.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-01-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202032059/http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/hansard/1980/1980_03_20.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}. Downloaded 23 January 2017.</ref><ref>David G. Myatt & G.H.G. Davis, Isolation of medically significant Vibrio species from riverine sources in South East Queensland. ''Microbio (60)'', 111-123.
</ref>
Community projects in the Logan catchment area aim to improve the quality of the ecosystem. Competitions such as ''Carp-busters'' are aimed at reducing the number of [[carp]] and hence allowing native species of fish a better chance of survival.

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Water|Environment|Queensland}}}}
*{{Section link|List of rivers of Australia|Queensland}}
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Logan River}}
*{{cite map |url=http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/97018/LoganCreekRiverCatchments.pdf |title=Logan's Creek and River Catchments |work=Logan Waterways |publisher=[[City of Logan]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331173834/https://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/97018/LoganCreekRiverCatchments.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead }}

{{Rivers of Queensland}}

[[Category:Logan River| ]]
[[Category:Logan City]]
[[Category:Scenic Rim Region]]
[[Category:Gondwana Rainforests of Australia]]