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{{For|the commune in the Jura department|Longwy-sur-le-Doubs}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Longwy
|commune status         = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image                  = Porte de France en automne.jpg
|image flag             = Flag of Longwy.gif
|caption                = Porte de France
|image coat of arms     = Blason Longwy 54.svg
|arrondissement         = Val-de-Briey
|canton                 = Longwy
|INSEE                  = 54323
|postal code            = 54400
|mayor                  = Vincent Hamen<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=12 March 2025|language=fr}}</ref>
|term                   = 2024&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Grand Longwy Agglomération]]
|coordinates            = {{coord|49.52|5.7606|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m            = 254
|elevation min m        = 250
|elevation max m        = 396
|area km2               = 5.34
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|website                = [http://www.mairie-longwy.fr/ mairie-longwy.fr]
}}

'''Longwy''' ({{IPA|fr|lɔ̃wi|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mathieu Kappler-Longwy.wav}}; older {{langx|de|Langich}}, {{IPA|de|ˈlaŋɪç|}}; {{langx|lb|label=[[Luxembourgish]]|Lonkech}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Departments of France|French department]] of [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]], [[Lorraine]], administrative region of [[Grand Est]], northeastern [[France]].

The inhabitants are known as ''Longoviciens''.

In 2008, the ''ville neuve'' ("New Town") was listed as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], as part of the "[[Fortifications of Vauban]]" group for its contributions to the development of military architecture and engineering.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283 |title = Fortifications of Vauban |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 14 November 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
Longwy has historically been an industrial center of the [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]] [[iron mining]] district. Factories lined the river in historic postcards.

The town is also known for its artistic [[faience]], produced there since 1798. It is produced today by the Société des faïenceries de Longwy et Senelle, often in cooperation with artists and ceramists.  [[Overglaze decoration|Overglaze enamel]] decoration, known as ''émaux'' and often in a manner similar to [[cloisonné]], has been produced in Longwy ceramics since 1872.<ref>[http://en.plab.org/P-66-19-B1-0-manufacture-des-emaux-de-longwy-1798.html Emaux de Longwy],</ref> Initially produced under the direction of Amadeo de Carenza, this style reached a peak in the [[Art Deco]] style, retailed by the Parisian department store [[Printemps]].<ref>[https://www.emauxdelongwy.com/historique.html Historique: émaux et faïences]</ref>

==Transport==

[[Route nationale 52]] (part of [[European route E411]]) passes through Longwy. [[Longwy station]] has rail connections to Luxembourg, Charleville-Mézières and Nancy.

==History==
[[File:Destruction of Longwy France 1914.jpg|thumb|Destruction of Longwy France 1914]]

Longwy initially belonged to [[Lotharingia]]. After the division of that kingdom, the town became part of [[Duchy of Lorraine|Upper Lorraine]] and ultimately the [[Duchy of Bar]]. Longwy was ceded to [[Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg]] in 1368, but was returned to Bar in 1378. The Duchy of Bar was then annexed into the [[Duchy of Lorraine]] in 1480.
[[File:Plan de Longwy 1698 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Plan of Longwy, 1698.]]
From 1648 to 1660 Longwy was part of the [[Ancien Régime in France|Kingdom of France]], returning to the Duchy of Lorraine afterwards. It was made part of France again in 1670, a situation which was finalized in the [[Treaties of Nijmegen]] in 1678. [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban|Vauban]] fortified the town during the reign of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], having demolished the medieval [[Château de Longwy]], of which one tower remains.

After the French defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870–71, almost all of the [[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] department, along with [[Alsace]] and portions of the Meurthe and Vosges departments, was ceded to the [[German Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Treaty of Frankfurt]] on the ground that the population in those areas spoke [[German dialects]]. Only one fifth of Moselle, including Longwy, was spared annexation. [[Otto von Bismarck]] later bitterly regretted his decision when it was discovered that the region of Briey and Longwy was rich with iron ore, exploited by the [[Aciéries de Longwy]] among other members of the cartel [[Comptoir Métallurgique de Longwy]].

After the [[Battle of the Ardennes]] in August 1914, Longwy was occupied by the [[Imperial German army]] until the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|1918 Armistice]].  At the start of the war the fort at Longwy was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel [[Natalis Constant Darche]].  With a force of 3,500 men he was able to hold up the German [[5th Army (German Empire)|5th Army]] for three weeks.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Gerald |title=Verdun to the Vosges: Impressions of the War on the Fortress Frontier of France |date=19 December 2019 |publisher=Good Press |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yf_FDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-54323#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|graph-pos = right
|1968 |21076
|1975 |20131
|1982 |17338
|1990 |15439
|1999 |14521
|2007 |14346
|2012 |14195
|2017 |14378
}}

==People==
* [[Count Claude Florimond de Mercy]] (1666–1734), [[Holy Roman Empire]] Field Marshal
* [[François Dominique Séraphin]] (1747–1800), French [[puppeteer]] 
* [[Jean-Baptiste Fresez]] (1800–1867), [[Luxembourg]]ish painter
* [[Paul Delisse]] (1817–1888), French trombonist
* [[Geneviève de Fontenay]] (1932–2023), French businesswoman

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline|Longwy}}
* [http://www.mairie-longwy.fr/ Town council website] {{in lang|fr}}

{{Meurthe-et-Moselle communes}}
{{Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Meurthe-et-Moselle]]
[[Category:Vauban fortifications in France]]
[[Category:Three Bishoprics]]