View source for Los Angeles Police Department

{{Short description|American municipal police department}}
{{Redirect|LAPD}}{{Distinguish|Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department|Los Angeles General Services Police|Los Angeles School Police Department|Los Angeles Airport Police}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
<!--DO NOT REMOVE OR MOVE THE FULL ORGANIZATION NAME PER [[MOS:FIRSTCORP]].-->{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname        = City of Los Angeles Police Department
| commonname        = Los Angeles Police Department
| abbreviation      = LAPD
| patch             = Patch of the Los Angeles Police Department.svg
| patchcaption      = Patch of the LAPD, used exclusively for Traffic Assignment
| logo              = Seal of the Los Angeles Police Department.png
| logocaption       = Seal of the LAPD
| flag              = Flag of the Los Angeles Police Department.png
| flagcaption       = Flag of the LAPD
| badge             = Badge of a Los Angeles Police Department officer.png
| badgecaption      = LAPD officer badge, with number omitted
| motto             = ''To Protect and to Serve''
| formed            = {{start date and age|1869|12|13}}<ref name="LAPDmuseum" />
| employees         = 12,000 (2020)<ref name="USAToday2020">{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Carl |last2=Baranauckas |first2=Carla |title=Here's how much money goes to police departments in largest cities across the U.S. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/06/26/how-much-money-goes-to-police-departments-in-americas-largest-cities/112004904/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=June 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714185818/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/06/26/how-much-money-goes-to-police-departments-in-americas-largest-cities/112004904/ |archive-date=July 14, 2020}}</ref>
| budget            = $1.9 billion (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uscannenbergmedia.com/2023/04/18/karen-bass-increases-lapd-budget-by-63/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117162933/https://www.uscannenbergmedia.com/2023/04/18/karen-bass-increases-lapd-budget-by-63/|archive-date=January 17, 2024|access-date=September 7, 2024|title=Karen Bass increases LAPD budget by 6.3%|first1=Jinge|last1=Li|first2=Maddy|last2=Brown|first3=Nicole|last3=Bednar|first4=Veronique|last4=Louis-Jacques|date=April 18, 2023|website=USC Annenberg Media|publisher=University of Southern California|quote=The LAPD currently operates on a budget of $1.9 billion which represents 16% of L.A.’s overall budget.|url-status=live}}</ref>
| country           = United States
| divtype           = U.S. state{{!}}State
| divname           = [[California]]
| subdivtype        = City
| subdivname        = [[Los Angeles]]
| map               = LA County Incorporated Areas Los Angeles highlighted.svg
| mapcaption        = Map showing the LAPD's jurisdictional area
| sizearea          = {{convert|503|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
| sizepopulation    = 3,979,576 (2019)
| governingbody     = Los Angeles City Council
| oversightbody     = [[Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners]]
| constitution1     = Los Angeles City Charter, Article XIX
| police            = Yes
| local             = Yes
| headquarters      = 100 West 1st Street<br />Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| sworntype         = Police officer
| sworn             = {{decrease}} 8,802 of 9,500 (''2024'')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://baynews9.com/fl/tampa/public-safety/2024/12/14/lapd-remains-below-9k-sworn-officers--chief-talks-challenges | title=LAPD remains below 9K sworn officers, chief talks challenges }}</ref>
| unsworn           = 3,000
| electeetype       = [[Commissioner]]
| minister1name     = Dr. Erroll G. Southers
| minister1pfo      = President<ref name="Police Commission" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATION CHART |url=https://lapdonlinestrgeacc.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/lapdonlinemedia/Org_Chart_2025_DP4_Master_031825.pdf |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=}}</ref>
| minister2name     = Rasha Gerges Shields
| minister2pfo      = Vice President
| minister3name     = Fabian Garcia
| minister3pfo      = Commissioner
| minister4name     = Teresa Sanchez-Gordon
| minister4pfo      = Commissioner
| minister5name     = Maria Lou Calanche
| minister5pfo      = Commissioner
| chief1name        = [[Jim McDonnell (sheriff)|Jim McDonnell]]
| chief1position    = <br />[[Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department|Chief of Police]]
| chief2name        = Lizabeth Rhodes
| chief2position    = Deputy Chief, Chief of Staff Timothy “Scott” Harrelson
| chief3name        = Lizabeth Rhodes
| chief3position    = Director of Constitutional Policing and Policy
| chief4name        = [[Dominic Choi]]
| chief4position    = Assistant Chief of Operations
| chief5name        = Blake Chow
| chief5position    = Assistant Chief of Special Operations
| chief6name        = Daniel Randolph
| chief6position    = Assistant Chief of Support Services
| unittype          = Division
| unitname          = {{collapsible list |title=39<ref name="OrgChart PDF with names">{{cite web|url=https://lapdonlinestrgeacc.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/lapdonlinemedia/2022/04/org-chart.pdf |title=Los Angeles Police Department Organization Chart |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=April 1, 2022}}</ref> | Central Traffic | South Traffic | Valley Traffic | West Traffic | LAX Field Services | Robbery-Homicide | Juvenile | Technical Investigations | Forensic Sciences | Gang and Narcotics | Detective Support & Vice | Commercial Crimes | [[LAPD Metropolitan Division|Metropolitan]] | [[LAPD Air Support Division|Air Support]] | Major Crimes | Emergency Services | Custody Services | Security Services| Central | [[Rampart Division|Rampart]] | Southwest | Hollenbeck | Harbor | Hollywood | Wilshire | West Los Angeles | Van Nuys | West Valley | Northeast | 77th Street | Newton | Pacific | North Hollywood |Foothill | Devonshire | Southeast | Mission | Olympic | Topanga | Media Relations}}
| officetype        = Bureau
| officename        = {{collapsible list |title=10<ref name="OrgChart PDF with names"/> | Central | South | Valley | West | Detective | Counter-Terrorism & Special Operations | Transportation Services | Professional Standards | Administrative Services | Personnel and Training}}
| vehicle1type      = Cars
| vehicles1         = 6,000
| boat1type         = Boat
| boats1            = 2
| aircraft1type     = Helicopter
| aircraft1         = 26
| aircraft2type     = Plane
| aircraft2         = 3
| animal1type       = Horse
| animals1          = 40
| animal2type       = Dog
| animals2          = {{ubl|2 [[Bloodhound]]s|20 [[German Shepherd]]s}}
| website           = {{official website}}
}}

The '''City of Los Angeles Police Department''', commonly referred to as '''Los Angeles Police Department''' ('''LAPD'''), is the primary [[law enforcement agency]] of [[Los Angeles]], California, United States.<ref name=":3" /> With 8,832 officers<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last1=Leonard |first1=Eric |last2=Blankstein |first2=Andrew |date=2023-08-07 |title=Fewest cops in a generation: LAPD shrinks below 9,000 officers |url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/investigations/lapd-staffing-levels-employement-la-police/3201372/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |work=NBC Los Angeles |language=en-US}}</ref> and 3,000 civilian staff,<ref name="USAToday2020"/> it is the third-largest [[municipal police]] department in the United States, after the [[New York City Police Department]] and the [[Chicago Police Department]].

The LAPD is headquartered at 100 West [[1st Street, Los Angeles|1st Street]] in the [[Civic Center, Los Angeles|Civic Center district]]. The [[Los Angeles Police Department resources|department's organization and resources]] are complex, including 21 community stations (divisions) grouped in four bureaus under the Office of Operations; multiple divisions within the Detective Bureau under the Office of Special Operations; and specialized units such as the [[LAPD Metropolitan Division|Metropolitan Division]], [[LAPD Air Support Division|Air Support Division]], and Major Crimes Division under the Counterterrorism & Special Operations Bureau.

Independent investigative commissions have documented a history of [[police brutality]], [[Police corruption|corruption]], [[Police misconduct|misconduct]] and discriminatory policing within the LAPD.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Schrader |first=Stuart |title=Badges Without Borders: How Global Counterinsurgency Transformed American Policing |date=2019 |publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-29561-2|volume=56|pages=216, 220|doi=10.2307/j.ctvp2n2kv |jstor=j.ctvp2n2kv|s2cid=204688900 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Dept |editor1-last=Christopher |editor1-first=Warren |title=Report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department |date=1998 |publisher=Diane Publishing Company |url={{GBurl|KjrDngEACAAJ}} |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Greene |editor1-first=Jack Raymond |title=Encyclopedia of Police Science |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780203943175 |pages=763–767 |url={{GBurl|HIE_zF1Rv7MC}} |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Felker-Kantor |first1=Max |title=Policing Los Angeles: Race, Resistance, and the Rise of the LAPD |date=2018 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9781469646848 |url={{GBurl|C0dwDwAAQBAJ}} |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> In 2001, the [[United States Department of Justice]] entered into a [[consent decree]] with the LAPD regarding systemic civil rights violations and lack of accountability that stretched back decades; following major reforms, the decree was lifted in 2013.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

{{TOC limit|3}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of the Los Angeles Police Department}}

The first police force specific to Los Angeles was founded in 1853 as the Los Angeles Rangers, a [[Auxiliary police|volunteer force]] that assisted the existing [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (LASD).<ref name="The LAPD: 1850–1900">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1107|title=The LAPD: 1850–1900|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasd.org/aboutlasd/history.html#dates|title=History of the LASD|publisher=[[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]]|access-date=August 4, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706124720/http://lasd.org/aboutlasd/history.html#dates|archive-date=July 6, 2008}}</ref> The Rangers were soon succeeded by another volunteer force, the Los Angeles City Guards. Neither the Rangers nor the Guards were particularly efficient, and Los Angeles became known for its violence, [[gambling]], and [[vice]].<ref name="The LAPD: 1850–1900"/>

The first paid force was created in 1869 when six officers were hired to serve under City Marshal [[William C. Warren (city marshal)|William C. Warren]].<ref name=LAPDmuseum>{{cite web|url=http://www.laphs.org/history.html|title=The Los Angeles Police Department: Then and Now|publisher=Los Angeles Police Museum|access-date=November 29, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217130309/http://www.laphs.org/history.html|archive-date=December 17, 2014}}</ref> By 1900, under [[John M. Glass]], there were 70 officers, one for every 1,500 people. In 1903, with the start of the Civil Service, this force was increased to 200.<ref name="LAPDmuseum"/> In 1910, LAPD Officer [[Alice Stebbins Wells]] became the first sworn female police officer in the United States. Officer [[Georgia Ann Robinson]], hired in 1916, was the first African-American female police officer.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/releases/2000/04/cop2.htm |title=LAPD appoints first African-American female Captain |date=April 5, 2000 |access-date=July 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050215014157/http://www.lapdonline.org/releases/2000/04/cop2.htm |archive-date=February 15, 2005 |publisher=Media Relations Section, Office of the Chief of Police, Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref>

Severe corruption issues within the LAPD and the rest of the city government lasted until the 1940s. In 1933, the Reserve Unit was formed, tasked with crime suppression; it would later evolve into the Metropolitan Division. In 1946, the top-secret [[Gangster Squad (LAPD)|Gangster Squad]] was formed to combat the [[American Mafia]] and [[Los Angeles crime family]]. During [[World War II]], under [[Clemence B. Horrall]], the overall number of personnel was depleted by the demands of the military.<ref name="The LAPD: 1926–1950">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1109|title=The LAPD: 1926–1950|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref> Despite efforts to maintain numbers, the police could do little to control the 1943 [[Zoot Suit Riots]].<ref name="The LAPD: 1926–1950"/> Horrall was replaced by retired [[United States Marine Corps]] general [[William A. Worton]], who acted as interim chief until 1950, when [[William H. Parker (police officer)|William H. Parker]] succeeded him, serving until he died in 1966. Parker advocated police professionalism and autonomy from civilian administration. However, the [[Bloody Christmas (1951)|Bloody Christmas]] scandal in 1951 led to calls for civilian accountability and an end to alleged police brutality.<ref name="The LAPD: Chief Parker">{{cite web |title=The LAPD: Chief Parker |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1110 |access-date=December 24, 2008 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> In 1965, under Parker, Officer [[John Nelson (police officer)|John Nelson]] and then-Inspector [[Daryl Gates]]<ref>{{cite web |title=LAPD SWAT Team History |url=http://www.libertyreferences.com/lapd-swat.shtml |access-date=December 25, 2011 |publisher=Liberty References}}</ref> established the Metropolitan Division's [[SWAT|Special Weapons and Tactics]] (SWAT) unit, the first such unit in American law enforcement,<ref name="SWAT01">{{cite web |title=Development of SWAT |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/metropolitan_division/content_basic_view/849 |access-date=June 6, 2008 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> as well as the [[LAPD Special Investigation Section|Special Investigation Section]], a highly-secretive tactical [[stakeout]] unit.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Lait |first=Matt |date=November 29, 1998 |title=SIS: Stormy Past, Shaky Future |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-29-mn-48977-story.html |access-date=February 24, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> That same year, the [[Watts riots]] were sparked by police abuse.

In the 1970s and 1980s, [[Gang|street gangs]] became a growing issue in Los Angeles; in response, the LAPD established the [[Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums]] (CRASH) [[gang intelligence unit]] in 1979, conducting [[Operation Hammer (1987)|Operation Hammer]] in 1987. In the 1990s, corruption, and misconduct within the LAPD were revealed to the public: the 1991 [[Rodney King#1991 police assault in Los Angeles|Rodney King beating]] led to the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], while the 1997 [[Rampart scandal]] led to the disbandment of CRASH. Also in 1997, outgunned LAPD officers in [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]] were locked into [[North Hollywood shootout|a lengthy shootout]] with heavily armed and armored [[Bank robbery|bank robbers]], prompting police armament upgrades across the United States. Throughout its existence, the LAPD absorbed numerous smaller police forces in [[Greater Los Angeles]], including the [[Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority|LACMTA]] Police in 1997 and the [[Los Angeles General Services Police]] in 2012. The LAPD has made several attempts to absorb the [[Los Angeles Airport Police]] and [[Los Angeles Park Ranger Division]], though all attempts failed or did not proceed, and no mergers have been made since 2012.

== Organization ==
[[File:LAPD Rampart Community Police Station.JPG|thumb|[[LAPD Rampart Division|Rampart Community Police Station]], one of the LAPD's 21 stations across the city]]
The [[Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners]], also known as the Police Commission, is a five-member civilian body that oversees the LAPD.<ref name="Police Commission">{{cite web| url=http://www.lapdonline.org/police_commission| title=Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners |publisher=LAPD|access-date= April 2, 2008}}</ref> The Chief of Police reports to the board and the rest of the department reports to the chief.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/search_results/content_basic_view/834|title=Office of the Chief of Police|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref>

The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) is an independent part of the LAPD that has oversight over the department's internal disciplinary process and reviews complaints of officer misconduct.<ref name=OIG>{{cite web |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/police_commission/content_basic_view/1076 |title=Office of the Inspector General|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> It was created by the recommendation of the [[Christopher Commission]] and it is exempt from civil service and reports directly to the Board of Police Commissioners.<ref name="OIG"/> The current Inspector General is Mark P. Smith, who was formerly the Constitutional Policing Advisor for the LASD.<ref name=OIGLeaders>{{cite web|url=https://www.oig.lacity.org/leadership|title=Office of the Inspector General Leadership|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref> The OIG receives copies of every complaint filed against members of the LAPD as well as tracking specific cases along with any resultant litigation.<ref name="OIG"/> The OIG also conducts audits on select investigations and conducts regular reviews of the disciplinary system to ensure fairness and equality.<ref name="OIG"/> As well as overseeing the LAPD's disciplinary process, the Inspector General may undertake special investigations as directed by the Board of Police Commissioners.<ref name="OIG"/>

The LAPD's Art Theft Detail "is the only full-time municipal law enforcement unit in the United States devoted to the investigation of [[art theft|art crimes]]."<ref name="Fausto">Alma Fausto, [http://www.ocregister.com/articles/art-635828-hrycyk-unit.html LAPD's lone art cop draws on plenty of experience], ''Orange County Register''.</ref> The longtime head and often sole member of the unit is Detective Don Hrycyk, who in 2014 was described as being a 40-year veteran of the department with twenty years as the only known full-time art detective in the United States.<ref name="Fausto"/><ref name="Cascone">Sarah Cascone, [https://news.artnet.com/art-world/meet-don-hrycyk-the-lapds-veteran-art-detective-105921 Meet Don Hrycyk, the LAPD's Veteran Art Detective], ArtNet News (September 18, 2014).</ref> According to the LAPD, the unit has recovered over $121 million in stolen [[Work of art|works]] since 1993. The Art Theft Detail is part of the Burglary Special Section of the Detective Bureau of the LAPD. The [[Los Angeles Police Department Cadet Program|LAPD Cadet Program]] is the department's [[Law Enforcement Exploring|police explorer]] program. The program was formerly called the Explorer Program but was changed in 2009 after the police commission broke off its partnership with the [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scouts]] over policies barring homosexuals, atheists, and agnostics from being troop leaders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/government-and-politics/20091208/scout-free-lapd-explorer-program-in-the-works|title=Scout-free LAPD Explorer program in the works|publisher=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|date=December 7, 2009|access-date=December 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2009/12/22/9530/lapds-explorers-program-sever-ties-boy-scouts/|title=LAPD's Explorers program to sever ties with Boy Scouts|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|date=December 22, 2009|access-date=December 17, 2014|archive-date=February 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208194259/https://www.scpr.org/news/2009/12/22/9530/lapds-explorers-program-sever-ties-boy-scouts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The cadet program shifted focus from an old explorer program that tried to guide members to a career in law enforcement, to a program that tries to give cadets a solid foundation in life and to help them prepare for careers by offering services such as tutoring and college scholarships.<ref name=LAPDcadets>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-0706-lopez-cadets-20140706-column.html|title=LAPD cadet program aims to give teens, communities a brighter future |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 5, 2014|access-date=December 17, 2014|last1=Lopez|first1=Steve}}</ref> The cadets complete courses not only on law enforcement but also on citizenship, leadership, financial literacy and other different skill sets.<ref name="LAPDcadets"/> Cadet's work positions include [[ride-along]]s, crowd control, charity assistance, and working in stations.<ref name="LAPDcadets"/> The cadet program has posts at all of the LAPD's regional divisions as well as specialized divisions including the Metropolitan Division and the Communications Division. As of 2014, there were 5,000 cadets.<ref name="LAPDcadets"/>

=== Office of the Chief ===
The Office of the Chief of Police has the responsibility of assisting the Chief of Police in the administration of the department. This includes the Chief of Staff, Public Communications, and Employee Relations, as well as the Community Safety Partnership Bureau. The Director of the Office of Constitutional Policing and Policy, currently Police Administrator III Lizabeth Rhodes, reports directly to the Office of the Chief. This office was created as a result of the Department of Justice's federal consent decree. It develops the LAPD's policies and procedures, conducts internal auditing and programs to ensure compliance, handles litigation, forms and ensures compliance with the LAPD's long-term strategic plan and risk management strategies, and coordinates local, state, and federal government and legislative matters.<ref name="OCPP">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/home/news_view/66053|title=Office of Constitutional Policing and Policy|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref>

=== Office of Operations ===
{{See also|Los Angeles Police Department resources#Police stations}}

The majority of the LAPD's approximately 10,000<ref name="USAToday2020"/> officers are assigned within the Office of Operations, whose primary office is located in the new Police Administration Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/search_results/content_basic_view/6370|title=Office of Operations|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> Headed by an Assistant Chief and the Assistant to the Director, who is a Commander, the office comprises four bureaus and 21 police stations, known officially as "areas" but also commonly referred to as "divisions". The Office of Operations also has a dedicated Homeless Coordinator reporting directly to the Assistant Chief. The 21 police stations are grouped geographically into four command areas, each known as a "bureau".<ref name="LAPDorganization">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/inside_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1063 |title=LAPD Organization Chart |website=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=April 23, 2021}}</ref> The latest areas, "Olympic" and "Topanga", were added on January 4, 2009.<ref name="newstation">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/20090101/lapds-topanga-station-to-open |title=LAPD's Topanga station to open |work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] |date=December 31, 2008 |access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>

=== Office of Special Operations ===

The Office of Special Operations is an office that was created in 2010 by then-Chief [[Charlie Beck]]. Headed by an Assistant Chief, the office comprises the Detective Bureau, the Counterterrorism and Special Operations Bureau, the Transit Services Bureau, and the Strategic Planning Group.<ref name="OrgChart PDF with names"/> The Detective Bureau also houses the [[CompStat]] (Computer Statistics) Division which maintains crime data. CompStat is based on the NYPD CompStat unit that was created in 1994 by former LAPD Chief [[William Bratton]], while he was still a [[New York City Police Commissioner|NYPD Police Commissioner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/HL573.cfm|title=Cutting Crime and Restoring Order: What America Can Learn from New York's Finest|publisher=[[The Heritage Foundation]]|access-date=July 7, 2006|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719115402/http://www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/HL573.cfm|archive-date=July 19, 2006}}</ref> He implemented the LAPD version on becoming Chief of Police in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/inside_the_lapd/content_basic_view/6364|title=COMPSTAT|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=July 7, 2006}}</ref><ref name="OrgChart PDF with names"/> The Counterterrorism and Special Operations Bureau provides the Los Angeles Police Department specialized tactical resources in support of operations during daily field activities, unusual occurrences, and, especially, during serious disturbances and elevated terrorism threat conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/special_operations_bureau|title=Special Operations Bureau|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=July 9, 2008}}</ref> It was created from the merger of the Counterterrorism and Criminal Intelligence Bureau with the Special Operations Bureau in 2010. The Transit Services Bureau supervises the Transit Services Group and the Traffic Group, responsible for overseeing the four Geographical Traffic Divisions.<ref name="OrgChart PDF with names"/>

{{Anchor|Headquarters}}

== Headquarters==
[[File:LAPD Headquarters (51378466951).jpg|thumb|The Police Administration Building, the LAPD's headquarters since 2009]]
Before 2009, LAPD headquarters was located at [[Parker Center]], named after former chief William H. Parker, which stood at 150 N. Los Angeles St. in the [[Downtown Los Angeles]] [[Civic Center, Los Angeles|Civic Center]] district. It was demolished in 2019.

The Police Administration Building, also known as the New Parker Center, replaced the original Parker Center in October 2009. It is located at 100 West 1st Street, also in the Civic Center, occupying the entire block between Main, Spring, 1st, and 2nd streets, immediately south of [[Los Angeles City Hall]]. [[Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall]] were the architects. The total cost of the new building complex including the data center, the Main Street Parking Structure, and the Aiso Public Parking Garage was $437 million. The main building is a {{convert|500000|sqft|sqm|abbr=on}} across 10 floors, a café ("LA Reflections"), underground parking as well as a parking structure, racks for 50 bicycles, and a 400-seat civic auditorium. It is [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED-certified]], uses energy-efficient mechanical systems, daylighting, high-performance glass, and recycled or renewable building materials. The perimeter is lined with green space. The complex provides space for about 2,300 workers, which let the department consolidate functions here which had been spread out across multiple locations.<ref>[https://www.lapdonline.org/september_2009/news_view/42777 "LAPD Facilities Update and Media Tour of New Headquarters Building NR09442SF" (News Release), Los Angeles Police Department, September 2009]</ref>

==Ranks==
{{Main|Los Angeles Police Department resources#Rank hierarchy}}
There are quite a few ranks in the LAPD. The most common to see on patrol are Police Officers 1-3, and Sergeant 1. Some more likely to be seen in press conferences include the Chief Ranks, a Captain, and a Sergeant 2. The following is a list of all ranks.
===Senior ranks===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!scope="col"| Rank
!scope="col"| Insignia
!scope="col"| Notes<ref name="lapdjoin">{{cite web|url=http://www.joinlapd.com/career_ladder.html |title=The LAPD Career Ladder |publisher=Join LAPD |access-date=August 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823140559/http://www.joinlapd.com/career_ladder.html |archive-date=August 23, 2011}}</ref><ref name="lapdtitles">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/join_the_team/content_basic_view/9127 |title=LAPD Sworn Police Officer Class Titles |publisher=LAPD |access-date=September 28, 2020}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| Chief of the police (highest)
|[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|center|108px]]
|The Chief is in charge of the entire Department. Appointment made by the mayor of Los Angeles, with majority approval of the Police Commission. Should have a college degree and at least 12 years of progressively responsible law enforcement experience. Since 1876, there have been 58 appointed chiefs of the LAPD. [[William H. Parker (police officer)|William H. Parker]] was the longest serving police chief in LAPD history, serving as chief for 16 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1110|title=Brief biography|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| Assistant Chief of Police
|[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|center|81px]]
| rowspan="2"| Deputy Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs are in charge of specific police areas or support areas within the Department 
|- Commanding Officer of an office
!scope="row"| Deputy Chief of Police
|[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|center|54px]]
|- Commaning Officer of a geographic or specialist bureau
!scope="row"| Police Commander 
|[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|center|27px]]
| rowspan="3"| Eligibility for rank promotion achieved after completion of required probationary periods.
|- Assistant Commanding Officer of a bureau
!scope="row"| Police Captain I–III 
|[[File:US-O3 insignia.svg|center|25px]]
|- Commanding Officer of a geographic patrol or specialist division
!scope="row"| Police Lieutenant I–II 
|[[File:US-O2 insignia.svg|center|10px]]
|-
| colspan="3"| Insignia are worn as metal pins on the collars of a shirt and as [[shoulder mark]]s on a jacket.
|}

===Junior officer ranks===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!scope="col"| Rank
!scope="col"| Insignia
!scope="col"| Notes<ref name="lapdjoin"/>
|-
! scope="row" | Police Detective III
|[[File:LAPD Detective-3.jpg|center|35px]]
| rowspan="2" |At least two years' service as Sergeant II or Detective III before eligibility for promotion to Lieutenant I.
|-
! scope="row" | Police Sergeant II
|[[File:LAPD Sergeant-2.jpg|center|35px]]
|-
!scope="row"| Police Detective II
| [[File:LAPD Detective-2.jpg|center|35px]]
|
|-
!Police Sergeant I
|[[File:LAPD Sergeant-1.jpg|center|43x43px]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| Police Detective I
|[[File:LAPD Detective-1.jpg|center|35px]]
|
|-
!scope="row"| Police Officer III {{nbsp}}<sup>‡</sup>
| [[File:LAPD Police Officer-3.jpg|center|35px]]
| At least four years' service as a Police Officer before becoming eligible for promotion to Sergeant I or Detective I (which requires an additional examination and interview).
|-
!scope="row"| Police Officer II
|rowspan="2"| No insignia
|At least three years' service as a Police Officer before eligibility for promotion to Police Officer III.
|-

!scope="row"| Police Officer I
|Automatic promotion to Police Officer II upon satisfactory completion of an 18-month probationary assignment (6 months at the academy plus a 12-month field assessment).
|-
| colspan="3" | Insignia are worn as embroidered chevrons on the upper sleeves of a shirt or shoulder strap of a jacket.
|}

==Demographics==

[[File:LAPD Staples Center Officers.jpg|thumb|LAPD officers patrolling the former [[Crypto.com Arena|Staples Center]] during a [[Los Angeles Lakers]] game]]

Up to the Gates administration, the LAPD was predominantly white (80% in 1980), and many officers had resided outside the city limits.<ref name="ACLU survey">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-03-29-me-39666-story.html |title=ACLU Says 83% of Police Live Outside L.A. |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=March 29, 1994|access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]], the [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] suburb that later became infamous as the site of the state trial that immediately preceded the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]], has long been home to a large concentration of LAPD officers, most of them white. [[Hiring quota]]s began to change this during the 1980s, but it was not until the [[Christopher Commission]] reforms that substantial numbers of black, Hispanic, and Asian officers began to be hired onto the force. Minority officers can be found in both rank-and-file and leadership positions in virtually all divisions. In 1910 the LAPD hired the first female police officer with the power to arrest in the United States, [[Alice Stebbins Wells]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lapdonline.org/women-in-the-lapd/|title=Women in the LAPD|work=LAPD Online |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=September 21, 2007}}</ref> LAPD's first Latina officer, [[Josephine Serrano Collier]], was hired in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-josephine-serrano-collier-20140323-story.html|title=Josephine Serrano Collier dies at 91; LAPD's first Latina officer|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 22, 2014|access-date=December 7, 2021}}</ref> On the LAPD through the early 1970s, women were classified as "policewomen".<ref name="timearticle">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974878-3,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411042648/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974878-3,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2008|title=Are Women Better Cops?|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=February 17, 1992|access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> Through the 1950s, their duties generally consisted as working as matrons in the jail system or dealing with troubled youths working in detective assignments.<ref name="timearticle"/>  Rarely did they work any field assignment, and they were not allowed to rise above the rank of sergeant.<ref name="timearticle"/> A lawsuit by a policewoman, Fanchon Blake, in the 1980s, instituted court-ordered mandates that the department begin actively hiring and promoting women police officers in its ranks.<ref name="timearticle"/>  The department eliminated the rank of "policeman" from new hires at that time along with the rank of "policewoman".<ref name="timearticle"/>  Anyone already in those positions was grandfathered in, but new hires were classified instead as "police officers", which continues to this day.<ref name="timearticle"/> In 2002, women made up 18.9% of the force. In 1886, the department hired its first two black officers, [[Robert William Stewart]] and Roy Green.<ref name="The LAPD: 1850–1900"/> The LAPD was one of the first two police departments in the country to hire an African-American woman officer, [[Georgia Ann Robinson]] in 1919.<ref name="Corsianos">{{cite book|last1=Corsianos|first1=Marilyn|title=Policing and gendered justice: examining the possibilities|date=2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=9780802096791|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ab4YN0w_R8YC&pg=PA5|access-date=June 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Janik">{{cite book|last1=Janik|first1=Erika|title=Pistols and Petticoats: 175 Years of Lady Detectives in Fact and Fiction|date=2017|publisher=Beacon Press|location=Boston MA|isbn=978-0807047880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kIdDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|access-date=June 24, 2017}}</ref> Despite this, the department was slow at integration. During the 1965 [[Watts riots]], only 5 of the 205 police assigned to South Central Los Angeles were black, even though it was the largest black community in Los Angeles. Los Angeles' first black mayor, [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]] was a former LAPD officer and quit the department after being unable to advance past the rank of lieutenant like other black police officers in the department. When Bradley was elected mayor in 1972, only 5% of LAPD officers were black<ref>{{cite book|title=Official negligence: how Rodney King and the riots changed Los Angeles and the LAPD|first=Lou|last=Cannon|page=71|isbn=0-8133-3725-9|date=October 15, 1999|publisher=Basic Books }}</ref> and there was only one black captain in the department, Homer Broome. Broome would break down racial barriers on the force going on to become the first black officer to obtain the rank of commander and the first black station commander, leading the Southwest Division.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-nov-27-me-broome27-story.html|title=LAPD's First Black Commander |work=Los Angeles Times |date=November 27, 2007|access-date=May 11, 2010}}</ref>

As of 2019, the LAPD had 10,008 sworn officers. Of these, 81% (8,158) were male and 19% (1,850) female. The racial/ethnic breakdown:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://assets.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/PR91%20Jun2019.pdf |title=Sworn & civilian personnel by class, sex, and descent  |access-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101115311/http://assets.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/PR91%20Jun2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 48.78% or 4,882 were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic/Latino (of any race)]]
* 30.88% or 3,090 were [[White American|non-Hispanic White]]
* 9.61% or 962 were [[African American]]
* 7.65% or 766 were [[Asian American|Asian]]
* 2.46% or 246 were [[Filipino American]]
* 0.62% or 62 were [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] and Other Ethnicities

The LAPD has grown over the years in the number of officers who speak languages in addition to English. There were 483 bilingual or multilingual officers in 1974, 1,560 in 1998, and 2,500 in 2001 who spoke at least one of 32 languages.<ref name=lapdlang>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-13-me-9867-story.html|title=LAPD Found Lacking in Languages |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=June 13, 2001|access-date=December 17, 2014}}</ref> In 2001, a study was released that found that non-English-speaking callers to the 911 and non-emergency response lines often receive no language translation, often receive incomplete information, and sometimes receive rude responses from police employees.<ref name="lapdlang"/> The issue of a lack of multilingual officers led to reforms including bonuses and salary increases for officers who are certified in second languages.<ref name="lapdlang"/> Currently, over a third of LAPD officers are certified in speaking one or more languages other than English.<ref name=lapdtranslator>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-translate16jan16-story.html|title=LAPD finds a way to connect |work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 16, 2008|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The department also uses a device called the [[phraselator]] to translate and broadcast thousands of prerecorded phrases in a multitude of languages, commonly used to broadcast messages in different languages from police vehicles.<ref name="lapdtranslator"/>

==Work environment and revenue==
[[File:Lapd Bikers (84226095).jpeg|thumb|LAPD [[Police bicycle|bicycle officers]] in 2014]]
LAPD patrol officers have a three-day 12-hour and four-day 10-hour workweek schedule. The department has over 250 types of job assignments, and each officer is eligible for such assignments after two years on patrol. LAPD patrol officers almost always work with a partner, unlike most suburban departments surrounding the City of Los Angeles, which deploy officers in one-officer units to maximize police presence and allow a smaller number of officers to patrol a larger area. The department's training division has three facilities throughout the city, including the Los Angeles Police Academy ([[Elysian Park]]), Ahmanson Recruit Training Center ([[Westchester, Los Angeles|Westchester]]), and the Edward Davis Training Center ([[Granada Hills, Los Angeles|Granada Hills]]).<ref name="Training Division">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/home/content_basic_view/6375|title=LAPD Training Division Mission Statement and Overview|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=December 22, 2008}}</ref> From spring 2007 through the spring of 2009, recruits could earn money through sign-on bonuses ranging from $5,000 to $10,000. Those bonuses ended in 2009.<ref name="Join LAPD">{{cite web|url=http://www.joinlapd.com/index2.html|title=Join LAPD-Official Recruitment Site|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=July 13, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514153423/http://www.joinlapd.com/index2.html|archive-date=May 14, 2008}}</ref><ref name="LAPD-Bonus">{{cite web|url=http://www.joinlapd.com/bonus.html|title=Join LAPD-Signing Bonus|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=July 13, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708141036/http://www.joinlapd.com/bonus.html|archive-date=July 8, 2008}}</ref> Sign on bonuses were paid 1/2 after graduation from the academy, and 1/2 after completion of probation.<ref name="LAPD-Bonus"/> $2,000 could be added for sign-ons from outside the Los Angeles area for housing arrangements.<ref name="LAPD-Bonus"/> As of July 2009, recruits earned starting salaries of $56,522–61,095 depending on education level and began earning their full salary on their first day of academy training.<ref name="LAPD Salary">{{cite web |url=http://www.joinlapd.com/salary.html |title=Join LAPD-Official Recruitment Site |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=July 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211201943/http://joinlapd.com/salary.html |archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref>

In January 2010, the starting base salary for incoming police officers was lowered by 20%. At the time If applicants had graduated from high school their starting salary would be $45,226, if they had at least 60 college units, with an overall GPA of 2.0 or better, their salary would start at $47,043, and if the applicant had fully completed a college degree, the salary would start at $48,880. In 2014, after negotiations between the [[Government of Los Angeles|city]] and the police officers [[Los Angeles Police Protective League|union]], an agreement on police officer pay that would give pay increases to nearly 1,000 officers who joined the department since the salaries for incoming officers were cut, was reached.<ref name=payraise>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-la-police-union-deal-20140630-story.html|title=More overtime pay, limited raises in tentative LAPD labor deal |work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 1, 2014|access-date=December 3, 2014}}</ref> The agreement also raised starting salaries for officers to $57,420 with an additional increase to $60,552 after six months which would become effective in the beginning of 2015.<ref name="payraise"/> The agreement would also change the current overtime payment system from a deferred payment system, which was implemented to cut costs, to a pay-as-you-go overtime system as well as increase the overtime budget from $30 million to $70 million.<ref name="payraise"/>

== Resources ==
{{Main|Los Angeles Police Department resources}}
=== Vehicles ===
[[File:LAPD on MVA.jpg|thumb|LAPD cruisers at the scene of a [[traffic collision]]]]
The LAPD operates a wide variety of [[police car]]s, primarily the [[Ford Explorer|Ford Police Interceptor Utility]], [[Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor]], and [[Dodge Charger (2005)|Dodge Charger]], with limited numbers of the [[Ford Taurus (sixth generation)|Ford Police Interceptor Sedan]], [[Chevrolet Impala]], [[Dodge Challenger]] and [[Chevrolet Tahoe]]/[[Chevrolet Suburban|Suburban]], among an assortment of other models. 

The LAPD has one of the oldest and largest [[police motorcycle]] units in the world, celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2009 with 304 motor officers on its rolls at that time. The fleet currently consists primarily of [[BMW R1200RT|BMW R1200RT-P]] and [[Harley-Davidson FL|Harley-Davidson FLHP]] motorcycles.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romeral |first1=Manny |title=100th Motor Unit Anniversary Celebration |url=https://policemotorunits.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2010-Spring-The-Motor-Officer.pdf |work=The Motor Officer |volume=81 |issue=1 |publisher=Harley Davidson |date=Spring 2010 |pages=12-13}}</ref> 

The LAPD SWAT's primary [[SWAT vehicle|vehicle]] is the [[Lenco BearCat]]. In the early 1980s, the LAPD obtained two [[Cadillac Gage Commando]]s from the U.S. Department of Energy, in preparation for security for the city's hosting of the 1984 Summer Olympics. They were used as battering rams to breach structures and buildings inhabited by hostile occupants. They saw action in the 1997 [[North Hollywood shootout]], but have since been retired.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/66577054@N00/7002167193 | title=LAPD V-100 Commando | date=19 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://cdn.akamai.steamstatic.com/steam/apps/560350/manuals/PQ_SWAT_2-Manual.pdf|page=171|publisher=Sierra On-Line, Inc.|date=1998|title=Police Quest: SWAT 2|quote=In the early 1980s, SWAT purchased a used armored vehicle from the Department of Energy for one dollar. They turned the vehicle into a battering ram by adding a pole and a steel plate (with a smiley face painted on it) to the front of the tank. The tank is predominantly used for breaching fortified crack houses. After surveillance locates the gas and electricity lines and determines that there are no children inside the building, SWAT attempts to establish communications. If there's no response, the tank driver rams a 3x4 foot hole through the wall of the barricaded house. The battering ram pulls out and within seconds, the entry team is inside, clearing the floor and securing the surprised occupants.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/weapon-mass-destruction|quote=The SWAT leaders advised Chief Gates that they needed a strategy for conducting more effective rock house busts. His solution came in the form of a couple of V-100 armored vehicles borrowed from the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Army had first used the two tanklike personnel carriers in the Vietnam War and, later, for security at a nuclear facility. By the early 1980s, they were out of commission, which created an opportunity for Los Angeles. The LAPD first acquired the six-ton armored vehicles as part of its crisis readiness in case of terrorism during the 1984 Olympics. Once the Games had closed, the U.S. government expressed no interest in reclaiming the twenty-year-old V-100s, and so they sat in storage for several months until someone in the LAPD’s gang and drug tactical units proposed using them in rock house raids. To that end, they suggested a few basic modifications: paint them a dark blue color to mask the military camouflage and to better represent the city agency; label them with the Los Angeles city seal and the words L.A.P.D. RESCUE VEHICLE (because, as Gates argued, rock house busts aimed to rescue communities from drug dealers); and, most importantly, outfit each of them with a steel battering ram. The idea was simple: a fourteen-foot steel ram, with six tons of bulk behind it, would be a 'precision' tool for forced entry. As Toddy Tee rapped, the LAPD was 'sick and tired of snatchin’ down bars' with cables and tow trucks.|title=Weapon of Mass Destruction|work=Lapham's Quarterly|date=February 25, 2020}}</ref>

===Aviation===
{{See also|LAPD Air Support Division}}
[[File:Airbus H125 - Los Angeles Police Department Air Support (cropped).jpg|thumb|An LAPD [[Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil|Eurocopter AS350]]]]
The LAPD is also one of the largest police air forces in the world with 19 helicopters ("airships")—5 [[Bell 206|Bell 206 Jet Ranger]]s and 14 [[Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil|Eurocopter AS350-B2s]]—and 1 [[Beechcraft King Air 200]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Langton |first1=Lynn |title=Aviation Units in Large Law Enforcement Agencies, 2007 |url=https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/aullea07.pdf |agency=The Bureau of Justice Statistics |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/home/content_basic_view/1179 |title=official website of THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT |publisher=Lapdonline.org |access-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> LAPD aircraft are operated by the [[LAPD Air Support Division]]. Main airship missions are flown out of [[LAPD Hooper Heliport|Hooper Heliport]], located near [[Union Station (Los Angeles)|Union Station]]. The LAPD also houses air units at [[Van Nuys Airport]]. 

=== Body-worn cameras===
Beginning in September 2013, the LAPD started a trial program for the use of [[Police body camera|body-worn cameras]] with 30 officers in the [[Skid Row, Los Angeles|Skid Row]] area.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lapd-cameras-20140115-story.html|title=LAPD begins testing on-body cameras on officers |work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 15, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> Reports from the trial program indicated that the cameras functioned well and that they assisted in deescalating situations although there were some technical issues with the cameras along with slight issues with the cameras falling off of officers during movement.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20140311/officials-report-positive-reviews-of-lapds-on-body-cameras|title=Officials report positive reviews of LAPD's on-body cameras|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Daily News]]|date=March 11, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/05/06/44015/lapd-body-cameras-tests-show-they-fall-off/|title=LAPD body cameras: Tests show they fall off|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|date=May 6, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> In November 2014, the LAPD chose [[Axon Enterprise]] (formerly Taser International) as the vendor for body cameras to be used by officers after their trial program earlier in the year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lapd-body-cameras-20141104-story.html|title=LAPD moves one step closer to on-body cameras for officers |work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 4, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://abc7.com/news/lapd-selects-taser-brand-body-cameras-for-future-use/380954/|title=LAPD selects Taser brand body-cameras for future use|newspaper=[[KABC-TV]]|publisher=[[ABC Owned Television Stations]]|date=November 4, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> On December 16, 2014, Mayor [[Eric Garcetti]] announced that the city would purchase 7,000 body worn cameras from Taser for use by the department.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mayor-to-announce-onbody-camera-rol-lout-for-lapd-20141216-story.html|title=L.A. will buy 7,000 body cameras for police officers |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 16, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> Patrol officers are now equipped with the cameras, and are required to use these devices while on assignment.{{update inline|date=December 2017}}<ref name=kpcccam>{{cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/12/16/48713/l-a-mayor-announces-body-camera-rollout-for-lapd-o/|title=LAPD announces body camera rollout for patrol officers|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|date=December 16, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> 700 of the cameras were deployed to patrol officers in the Central, Mission and Newton patrol areas of the city beginning in January 2015.<ref name="kpcccam"/> $1.55 million was raised from private donors to start the body camera program for the initial rollout phase in order to ease budget constraints for the city with another $1 million coming from the [[National Institute of Justice]], a branch of the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]].<ref name="kpcccam"/> Before all of the cameras were deployed to patrol officers, the Police Commission created a policy that governs the use of the cameras and video footage while consulting with department and city officials along with outside organizations including other departments who already use body cameras.<ref name="psn">{{cite news|date=December 16, 2014|title=LAPD to get 7,000 officer body cameras|publisher=[[Pasadena Star-News]]|url=https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2014/12/16/lapd-to-get-7000-officer-body-cameras/|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The commission has created a policy that officers would have to turn on the cameras whenever they arrest or detain someone for interrogation and that many public interactions such as domestic violence interviews would not be recorded.<ref name="psn"/> Prior to the rollout of any body worn cameras, officers were able to carry personally owned audio recording devices since 1994 if they filed an application and obtained the requisite permission.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/09/22/46848/can-cops-record-you-without-your-consent-and-other/|title=Can cops record you without your consent? And other questions from the Watts case|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|date=September 22, 2014|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref>

===Firearms===
[[File: LAPD Mission Hills.jpg|thumb|An LAPD officer armed with an [[AR-15]] in 2011]]As of 2023, the LAPD issues the [[FN 509|FN 509 MRD-LE]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAPD picks FN 509 MRD-LE as new duty weapon |url=https://www.police1.com/police-products/firearms/articles/lapd-picks-fn-509-mrd-le-as-new-duty-weapon-fs3uUtR442e1S0hX/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Police1 |date=August 11, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LAPD gets first delivery of its new duty weapon, the FN 509 MRD-LE |url=https://www.police1.com/police-products/firearms/articles/lapd-gets-first-delivery-of-its-new-duty-weapon-the-fn-509-mrd-le-tU8UORqEARuRc2SS/ |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Police1 |date=January 19, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Smith & Wesson M&P]] to all new officers, alongside a variety of [[Glock Ges.m.b.H.|Glock]], [[Kimber Manufacturing|Kimber]], Staccato, or [[Beretta]] pistols. Officers are also issued long guns, including the [[Remington Model 870|Remington 870]] and [[Benelli M4|Benelli M4 Super 90]] shotguns,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.policemag.com/344326/lapd-authorizes-benelli-m4-tactical-shotgun-for-duty-use|title=LAPD Authorizes Benelli M4 Tactical Shotgun For Duty Use|work=Police|date=4 February 2009|access-date=16 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="lapdequipment">{{cite web |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/lapd_equipment |title=LAPD Equipment |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department |access-date=December 4, 2014}}</ref> as well as [[Smith & Wesson]], [[Colt's Manufacturing Company|Colt]], or [[Bushmaster Firearms International|Bushmaster]] [[AR-15]] rifles. LAPD possesses two [[M60 machine gun]]s reserved for LAPD SWAT as a last resort or in case of "extraordinary circumstances"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Michael R. |date=April 26, 2022 |title=USE OF EQUIPMENT COVERED BY CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY BILL 481 - ESTABLISHED; AND, CALIFORNIA ASSEMBLY BILL 481 EQUIPMENT REPORT 2022 |url=https://lapdonlinestrgeacc.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/lapdonlinemedia/2022/04/NEW-CA-ASSEMBLY-BILL-481-EQUIPTMENT-REPORT-2022.pdf |access-date=August 8, 2022 |website=lapdonline.org |page=37}}</ref> The LAPD also has [[riot gun]]s capable of firing [[37 mm flare|37mm munitions]] and [[bean bag round]]s.<ref name="lapdequipment" />

The SWAT used the [[Kimber Custom|Kimber Custom TLE II]] as their sidearms in 2002, renaming it the Kimber LAPD SWAT Custom II.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2004/wtt_03_29.html |title=The .45 makes a comeback during the war on terrorism |publisher=WorldTechTribune |date=April 5, 2004 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224171337/http://www.worldtribune.com/worldtribune/WTARC/2004/wtt_03_29.html |archive-date=December 24, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2014, [[SWAT]]'s primary weapons were the [[Heckler & Koch HK416]], [[M4 carbine]], and [[FN SCAR]] rifles; the [[Colt 9mm SMG|Colt 9mm]] and [[Heckler & Koch MP5|HK MP5]] submachine guns; the [[ArmaLite AR-10#AR-10B|Armalite AR-10]], [[Remington 700]], [[Barrett M82]], and [[M14 rifle|M14]] sniper rifles; and the [[Benelli M4]] and [[Remington Model 870|Remington 870]] shotguns. After World War II, the LAPD began to issue the [[Smith & Wesson Model 10]].<ref name="lapdgunhistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.gunnuts.net/2013/10/08/guns-of-the-los-angeles-police-department/|title=Guns of the Los Angeles Police Department|publisher=Gun Nuts Media|date=October 8, 2013|access-date=December 4, 2014|archive-date=January 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123024632/https://www.gunnuts.net/2013/10/08/guns-of-the-los-angeles-police-department/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the 1960s and 1970s the department issued the [[Smith & Wesson Model 15|S&W Model 15]] Combat Masterpiece. These guns were modified to fire double-action only. Some specialized units (specifically Motor Officers) were issued the stainless-steel version, the Model 67. In the 1980s, LAPD patrol officers began to be issued the [[Beretta 92#92F (92SB-F)|Beretta 92F]] and [[Smith & Wesson Model 5906]] semi-automatic 9mm pistols.<ref name="lapdgunhistory" /> Following the 1997 [[North Hollywood shootout]], LAPD obtained [[M16 rifle]]s<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9709/22/m16s/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107081519/http://www.cnn.com/US/9709/22/m16s/ | archive-date=November 7, 2012 | title=CNN - LAPD gets M-16s - Sept. 22, 1997 | website=[[CNN]] }}</ref> and officers were given the option of carrying the [[Smith & Wesson Model 4506]] and 4566 service pistols.<ref name="lapdgunhistory" /> When William Bratton was Chief, he allowed officers to carry the [[Glock]], the firearm carried in the two previous departments Bratton led (the [[New York City Police Department]] and the [[Boston Police Department]]).<ref name="lapdgunhistory"/>

== Awards and commendations ==
The department presents several medals to its members for meritorious service.<ref name="History-LAPD Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1127|title=Description of LAPD Awards and Decorations|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> The LAPD awards medals for bravery, service, unit citations, ribbons for assignment and time-specific service, and [[Marksmanship badges (United States)#U.S. law enforcement|marksmanship]].

* [[Los Angeles Police Medal of Valor|Medal of Valor]]
[[File:Los Angeles Police Department Medal of Valor ribbon.svg|right|border|100px]]
The LAPD Medal of Valor is the highest law enforcement medal awarded to officers by the Los Angeles Police Department. The Medal of Valor is an award for bravery, usually awarded to officers for individual acts of extraordinary heroism performed in the line of duty at extreme and life-threatening personal risk.<ref name="History-LAPD Awards"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/search_results/content_basic_view/27313|title=Medal of Valor|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department|access-date=August 5, 2008}}</ref>

==Public opinion==
In a 2020 survey of Los Angeles residents, two-thirds said they believe the department is doing a good job maintaining public safety, while 88% supported community policing, 82% supported an unarmed response model, and 62% supported redirecting some money from the department to community initiatives.<ref name="2020 Community Trust Survey">{{cite web |last1=Peña |first1=Marina |last2=Bushman |first2=Monica |title=Most Angelenos Support LAPD But Favor Reforms Like Community Policing, Unarmed Response |url=https://laist.com/latest/post/20201208/lapd-community-trust-survey-lmu-study-los-angeles-center |website=LAist |date=December 9, 2020 |access-date=February 14, 2021}}</ref> There were differences of opinion along racial lines, with three in five white and Asian residents and one in three black residents trusting the LAPD to "do what is right".<ref name="2020 Community Trust Survey"/>

== Controversies, corruption, misconducts, and scandals ==
Over the years, the Los Angeles Police Department has been the subject of several scandals, misconduct, and other controversies. According to one study, during the lengthy tenure of [[William H. Parker (police officer)|William H. Parker]] as police chief (1950–1966), the LAPD was "outwardly racist",<ref name=":1"/> and the tenure of police chief [[Daryl Gates]] (1978–1992) was marked by "scandalous racist violence" among the LAPD.<ref name=":1"/> Following the [[Rampart Division]] [[Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums|CRASH]] [[Rampart scandal|scandal]] of the late 1990s and early 2000s, the [[United States Department of Justice]] entered into a [[consent decree]] with the LAPD regarding systemic civil rights violations and lack of accountability that stretched back decades, requiring major reforms.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2013 |title=Federal judge lifts LAPD consent decree |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2013-may-16-la-me-lapd-consent-decree-20130517-story.html |access-date=February 13, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Consent Decree Overview: Civil Rights Consent Decree |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/search_results/content_basic_view/928 |access-date=April 2, 2008 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> The consent decree was lifted in 2013.<ref name=":0"/> The executive director of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] of Southern California stated that the decree "accomplished its purpose by and large" and that the department "has made serious culture changes", but cautioned against backsliding and said there was more work to be done regarding racial disparities and treatment of the homeless.<ref name=":0"/>

===1920s–1940s===
[[Louis D. Oaks]], chief of the LAPD in the early 1920s, was a member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]].<ref name="2001 New Yorker">{{cite magazine|last=Boyer|first=Peter J.|date=May 14, 2001|title=Bad Cops|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/05/21/bad-cops|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> [[James E. Davis (Los Angeles police officer)|James E. Davis]] served two terms as LAPD police chief, heading the department from 1926 to 1929 and from 1933 to 1938.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chiefs of the Los Angeles Police Department|url=https://www.lapdonline.org/chiefs_of_the_los_angeles_police_department|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=LAPD Online|publisher=Los Angeles Police Foundation}}</ref> During his first term as chief, Davis called for violence against criminals while leading a [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] vice squad, and the department was known for controversies including accusations of conspiracy, blackmail, and murder.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=August 8, 2004|title=Officers in Elite Team Did Things Their Way|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-08-me-then8-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> Davis also formed a [[LAPD Red Squad|Red Squad]] to combat labor unions; headed by Capt. [[William F. Hynes]], the squad arrested hundreds of strike participants.<ref>{{cite web|last=Boyarsky|first=Bill|date=January 20, 1991|title=Big Brother in Blue: Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Police Repression in Urban America, By Frank Donner (University of California Press: $34.95; 496 pp.)|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-20-bk-1017-story.html|access-date=May 17, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cruz|first1=Adrian|date=2010|title=There Will be No 'One Big Union': The Struggle for Interracial Labor Unionism in California Agriculture, 1933–1939|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0921374010368307|journal=Cultural Dynamics|volume=22|issue=1|page=34|doi=10.1177/0921374010368307|access-date=May 17, 2021|s2cid=143534662|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In March 1928, Christine Collins reported her nine-year-old son, Walter, missing. Five months later, a boy named Arthur Hutchins came forth claiming to be Walter; when Mrs. Collins told the police that the boy was not her son, she was committed to a mental institution under a Section 12 internment. It was later determined that Walter had fallen victim to a child rapist/murderer in the infamous [[Wineville Chicken Coop murders]], and Arthur Hutchins admitted that he had lied about his identity to meet his favorite actor, [[Tom Mix]]. The widely publicized case was depicted in the 2008 film ''[[Changeling (2008 film)|Changeling]]''.

When [[Frank L. Shaw]] was elected mayor in 1933, he reappointed Davis as police chief, and the LAPD––already considered "nationally notorious" for police corruption––entered a new phase of widespread criminal activity.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=September 17, 1999|title=Police Scandal Is Worst Since 1930s|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-sep-17-mn-11278-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> In 1936, Davis sent members of the LAPD to California's state borders, along Arizona, Nevada, and Oregon, to institute checkpoints blocking the entry of migrants, or [[Okie|"okies"]].<ref name="2003 LAT Migrants">{{cite news|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Cecilia|date=March 9, 2003|title=LAPD Blocked Dust Bowl Migrants at State Borders|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-mar-09-me-then9-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> The police began raids and mass arrests of populations including the homeless and disabled; those taken in by police were given the option of leaving California or serving a 180-day jail term.<ref name="2003 LAT Migrants" /> The so-called "bum blockade" ended after significant negative publicity, including a suit filed by the ACLU in federal court.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Dust Bowl Exodus: How Drought and the Depression Took Their Toll |url=https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-21-3-a-dust-bowl-exodus-how-drought-and-the-depression-took-their-toll.html|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=Constitutional Rights Foundation}}</ref>

By 1937, the LAPD was leading a vast intelligence operation wiretapping politicians, judges, and federal agents. Some records of police surveillance were taken under subpoena after Harry Raymond, a former officer investigating corruption in the force, was the victim of a car bomb. During the trial that followed, LAPD captain [[Earl Kynette]] was found guilty of Raymond's attempted murder; Davis acknowledged that he had known Raymond was under police surveillance.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 28, 1938|title=Kynette Gets Two Years to Life for Harry Raymond Bombing|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25123278/kynette-sentenced/|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> In the late 1930s, the LAPD engaged in widespread racial profiling of [[Mexican Americans]].<ref name="2012 Hillstrom Zoot Suit Riots">{{cite book|last1=Hillstrom|first1=Kevin|url={{GBurl|hgt7tgAACAAJ|p=59}}|title=The Zoot Suit Riots|date=2013|publisher=Omnigraphics|isbn=9780780812857|pages=59–73|chapter=The Trial of the 38th Street Boys|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref> The LAPD and the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] used the 1942 "[[Sleepy Lagoon murder]]" of José Gallardo Díaz to justify a coordinated crackdown: the police identified primarily-Mexican American communities, cordoned them off with blockades, and carried out mass searches and arrests.<ref name="2012 Hillstrom Zoot Suit Riots" /> The police detained hundreds of Mexican Americans before indicting 22 for murder.<ref name="2012 Hillstrom Zoot Suit Riots" /> Twelve of the defendants were charged with murder and incarcerated; all convictions were later overturned.<ref name="2012 Hillstrom Zoot Suit Riots" /> Members of the LAPD were accused of participating in anti-Mexican American violence during the [[Zoot Suit Riots]] that followed in 1943; despite the LAPD's insistence that the riots were caused by Mexican American crime, there was broad consensus that the riots were the result of racial discrimination.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Escobar|first1=Edward J.|url={{GBurl|u68wDwAAQBAJ|p=233}}|title=Race, Police, and the Making of a Political Identity: Mexican Americans and the Los Angeles Police Department, 1900-1945|date=September 1999|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520213357|pages=233–253|chapter=The Riots and Their Aftermath|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref>

===1950s–1960s===
[[William H. Parker (police officer)|William H. Parker]], who served as chief of the LAPD from August 9, 1950, until his death on July 16, 1966,<ref>{{cite web|title=William H. Parker|url=https://www.lapdonline.org/chiefs_of_the_los_angeles_police_department/content_basic_view/33114|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=LAPD Online|publisher=Los Angeles Police Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 17, 1966|title=Chief of Police in Los Angeles, William H. Parker, Dies at 64|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/07/17/archives/chief-of-police-in-los-angeles-william-h-parker-dies-at-64.html|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=The New York Times}}</ref> was frequently criticized for racist remarks, his refusal to acknowledge police brutality, and his demands that the police not be subject to the same laws as citizens;<ref name="2003 LAPD 1950s">{{cite journal|last1=Escobar|first1=Edward J.|date=May 2003|title=Bloody Christmas and the Irony of Police Professionalism: The Los Angeles Police Department, Mexican Americans, and Police Reform in the 1950s|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/phr.2003.72.2.171|journal=Pacific Historical Review|publisher=University of California Press|volume=72|issue=2|pages=171–199|doi=10.1525/phr.2003.72.2.171|jstor=10.1525/phr.2003.72.2.171|access-date=March 6, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> the last of these contributed to ongoing conflicts with the FBI, with the agency refusing to train LAPD officers until after Parker's death.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 19, 2009|title=Chief Parker's time is past|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-apr-19-ed-parker19-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Parker adopted the rhetoric of Los Angeles as the "[[White Spot of America|white spot]]" of America, first popularized by ''Los Angeles Times'' publisher [[Harry Chandler]], and explicitly set it against the "black picture" of the nation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wild|first1=Mark|url={{GBurl|9bIwDwAAQBAJ|p=38}}|title=Street Meeting: Multiethnic Neighborhoods in Early Twentieth-Century Los Angeles|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520240834|location=Berkeley|page=38|chapter=Building the White Spot of America|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref><ref name="1992 Los Angeles Times Parker">{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=David|date=May 25, 1992|title=Chief Parker Molded LAPD Image--Then Came the '60s : Police: Press treated officers as heroes until social upheaval prompted skepticism and confrontation.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-25-mn-236-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The [[Los Angeles City Council]] once confronted him with a recording in which he referred to Mexican Americans as not being far from "the wild tribes of Mexico";<ref>{{cite web|title=Police Chief Parker listens to tape recording|url=https://calisphere.org/item/a56040b66d82d23e835c69194f7128f5/|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=University of California: Calisphere|year=1960|publisher=California Digital Library}}</ref> in the 1960s, he claimed that "by 1970, 45% of the metropolitan area of Los Angeles will be Negro" and that the city should support a strong police force because "if you don't, come 1970, God help you"; he described Black participants in the 1965 [[Watts riots]] as acting like "monkeys in a zoo".<ref name="1992 Los Angeles Times Parker" /> The Los Angeles Police Department was not integrated until the 1960s.<ref name="2001 New Yorker" />

Early in his tenure as police chief, Parker launched an extensive public relations campaign for the LAPD.<ref name="1992 Los Angeles Times Parker" /> In the 1950s, he was a credited consultant for police procedural drama ''[[Dragnet (franchise)|Dragnet]]'', even offering the show departmental support in providing case examples and fact-checking;<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=J.R.|date=August 24, 2017|title=How Dragnet became a PR coup for law enforcement|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/dragnet-jack-webb-rodney-king-daryl-gates-lapd/Content?oid=29417901|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=The Chicago Reader}}</ref> he popularized the term "[[thin blue line]]" in both his speeches<ref name="2018 LARB Thin White Line">{{cite web|last1=Darda|first1=Joseph|date=November 19, 2018|title=The Thin White Line|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-thin-white-line/|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=Los Angeles Review of Books}}</ref> and in [[The Thin Blue Line (1952 TV series)|a TV show]] he conceived and produced for Los Angeles NBC network [[KNBC]];<ref name="1992 Los Angeles Times Parker" /> he hired ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' creator [[Gene Roddenberry]] as a speech writer;<ref>{{cite web|last1=Champlin|first1=Charles|date=December 20, 1988|title=Roddenberry's TV 'Trek' Into the Final Frontier|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-20-ca-672-story.html|access-date=March 6, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> and he introduced the department's first press office. These efforts were seen as tied to his efforts to curry public favor and extend the reach of officers of the LAPD.<ref name="1992 Los Angeles Times Parker" />

[[Bloody Christmas (1951)|Bloody Christmas]] was the name given to the severe beating of seven civilians under LAPD custody on December 25, 1951. The attacks, which left five [[Hispanic]] and two [[White people|white]] young men with broken bones and ruptured organs, were only properly investigated after lobbying from the Mexican American community. The internal inquiry by Chief Parker resulted in eight police officers being indicted for the assaults, 54 being transferred, and 39 suspended.<ref name="Escobar">{{cite journal|last=Escobar|first=Edward|date=May 2003|title=Bloody Christmas and the Irony of Police Professionalism: The Los Angeles Police Department, Mexican Americans, and Police Reform in the 1950s|journal=Pacific Historical Review|volume=72|issue=2|pages=171–199|doi=10.1525/phr.2003.72.2.171}}</ref> In 1962, the controversial LAPD shooting of seven unarmed members of the [[Nation of Islam]] resulted in the death of Ronald Stokes, and led to protests of the LAPD led by [[Malcolm X]] and the Nation of Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=" And This Happened in Los Angeles:" Malcolm X Describes Police Brutality Against Members of the Nation of Islam|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/7041/|access-date=August 4, 2008|publisher=[[George Mason University]]}}</ref>

===1970s–1980s===
In the 1970s and into the 1980s "biased policing", also known as [[racial profiling]], was commonplace in the department.<ref name="lapdprofile">{{cite news|date=March 27, 2012|title=LAPD officer profiled Latinos in traffic stops, internal probe concludes|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2012-mar-27-la-me-lapd-racial-profile-20120326-story.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="lapdprofile2">{{cite news|date=March 26, 2012|title=Officer engaged in racial profiling, LAPD probe finds|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/03/lapd-accuses-officer-of-racial-profiling.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> This policing alienated the department from minority residents and gained the department a reputation of abuse of power and bias against minority residents.<ref name="lapdprofile" /><ref name="lapdprofile2" /> A major controversy erupted in 1979 over the [[shooting of Eula Love]] by two LAPD officers; no legal consequences befell the officers responsible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 6, 1999|title=A Shooting Reminiscent of the LAPD's Worst Days|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-06-op-44648-story.html|access-date=April 8, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

Early in his tenure as Chief of Police, Daryl Gates re-instituted the use of the chokehold (placing an arm or flashlight over someone's throat) to subdue suspects. In 1982, this technique was used and led to the death of [[James Mincey Jr.]] Following Mincey's death, the [[Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners|Police Commission]] barred the use of chokeholds by officers unless in a life-threatening situation.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 29, 1993|title=Final Suit Over LAPD's Use of Chokehold Settled|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-29-me-40159-story.html|access-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref> An investigation found that sixteen people had died after being restrained by police chokeholds.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 4, 2014|title=How The Supreme Court Helped Make It Possible For Police To Kill By Chokehold|publisher=[[ThinkProgress]]|url=http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2014/12/04/3599605/how-the-supreme-court-helped-make-it-possible-for-police-to-kill-by-chokehold/|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> In 1986, Officer [[Stephanie Lazarus]] killed her ex-boyfriend's new wife. Despite the victim's father's insistence that Lazarus should be a suspect in the homicide, she was not considered by the police and the case went cold. In the 2000s, detectives revisiting cold cases deduced that Stephanie was a suspect. DNA evidence led to her arrest and conviction.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 25, 2013|title=Parents of woman killed by ex-LAPD cop Stephanie Lazarus can't sue|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2013/02/parents-stephanie-lazarus-victim-cant-sue.html|access-date=December 14, 2014|author-first1=Joel|author-last1=Rubin}}</ref>

Also in 1986, the department purchased a 14-ton armored breaching vehicle, used to smash quickly through the walls of houses of suspects.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 10, 1986|title=A Ram at Rest : These Are Quiet Times for LAPD's 'Battering' Vehicle|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-10-me-27297-story.html|access-date=November 30, 2010}}</ref> The ACLU questioned the constitutionality of the vehicle,<ref name="justialaw">{{cite web|title=Langford v. Superior Court (1987)|url=http://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/3d/43/21.html|access-date=December 14, 2014|publisher=Justia US Law}}</ref> and the California Appellate Court later ruled the vehicle was unconstitutional, violating lawful search and seizure.<ref name="justialaw"/> In 1988, African American [[Major League Baseball|baseball]] sportscaster and retired [[Major League Baseball Hall of Fame|Baseball Hall of Fame]] player [[Joe Morgan]] was detained at [[Los Angeles International Airport]] by LAPD and L.A. Airport Police officers after being falsely identified as a drug dealer.<ref name="Morgan v. City of Los Angeles">{{cite news|date=November 17, 1993|title=L.A. Settles Joe Morgan Suit for $796,000|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-11-17-mn-57767-story.html|access-date=July 3, 2007}}</ref> He was released when the LAPD realized their mistake. The city cleared the detective of wrongdoing, but Morgan subsequently filed a civil suit against both the LAPD and the city for the unlawful detention; the lawsuit was settled in 1993, and Morgan was awarded $800,000 by the Los Angeles City Council.<ref name="Morgan v. City of Los Angeles"/>

On August 1, 1988, as part of Chief Gates' ''[[Operation Hammer (1987)|Operation Hammer]]'' directed against gangs, SWAT teams raided four apartments at 39th Street and Dalton Avenue. According to an investigation by the department's Internal Affairs, the team leader, Captain Thomas Elfmont, directed his men to "hit" the apartments "hard", to "level" them, and to leave them "uninhabitable". The police detained 37 people, making seven arrests. They found six ounces of marijuana and a small amount of cocaine. The seven were beaten by the police and at the police station forced to whistle the theme to ''[[The Andy Griffith Show]]''. Those who refused to comply were beaten again. Nobody was charged with a crime. The city paid four million dollars to settle the matter.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 5, 2013|title=Raid Of The Day: The 39th & Dalton Edition|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/05/raid-of-the-day-the-39th-_n_2621763.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=November 26, 1990|title=Reports Tell of Frenzy and Zeal in Police Raid|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-26-mn-3977-story.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

On September 4, 1988, LAPD officers raided the home of Roger Guydon looking for drugs. They found nothing. In 1991, Guydon won a $760,000 lawsuit against the city.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 22, 1991|title=Man Awarded $760,000 in Police Brutality Suit|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-22-me-809-story.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

===1990s–2000s: Rodney King, LA riots, consent decree ===
{{See also|Rodney King|Christopher Commission}}
In April 1991, the Christopher Commission was formed in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating, by the then-mayor of Los Angeles [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]]. It was chaired by attorney [[Warren Christopher]] and was created to examine the structure and operation of the LAPD. The commission found that there were a significant number of LAPD officers who used excessive force and that the disciplinary structure was weak and ineffective.<ref>{{cite web|title=Report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department|url=http://www.parc.info/client_files/Special%20Reports/1%20-%20Chistopher%20Commision.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124708/http://www.parc.info/client_files/Special%20Reports/1%20-%20Chistopher%20Commision.pdf|archive-date=July 22, 2011|access-date=August 8, 2011|publisher=Police Assessment Resource Center}}</ref> Fewer than a third of the suggested reforms were put into place.<ref>{{cite news|date=January 3, 1995|title=L.A. adopts less than third of post-riot police reforms|newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]]|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-01-03-1995003010-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728234917/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-01-03-1995003010-story.html |access-date=December 14, 2014|archive-date=July 28, 2021 }}</ref>

To reduce [[drive-by shooting]]s, LAPD initiated [[Operation Cul-de-Sac]] in 1991. This consisted of installing barriers on residential streets to block vehicle traffic. As a result, homicides and assaults were greatly reduced. The program ended after two years, with violent crime rates returning to their previous levels.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kondo|first1=Michelle C.|last2=Andreyeva|first2=Elena|last3=South|first3=Eugenia C.|last4=MacDonald|first4=John M.|last5=Branas|first5=Charles C.|year=2018|title=Neighborhood Interventions to Reduce Violence|journal=Annual Review of Public Health|volume=39|pages=253–271|doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014600|pmid=29328874|doi-access=free}}</ref>

On July 1, 1992, John Daniels Jr., 36, a tow truck driver, was fatally shot by LAPD Officer Douglas Iversen as he was driving away from a service station in South Central. Iversen was charged with [[second-degree murder]], the first officer to ever be charged with murder for an on-duty shooting.  Two separate juries were deadlocked on the charge with 20 out of 24 voting for acquittal of all charges. The case was dismissed by a judge.<ref name="Lapd">{{cite web|date=September 22, 2011|title=Kelly Thomas: Convicting a cop is a tough call|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-sep-22-la-me-kelly-thomas-legal-20110922-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>  Daniels' family received a $1.2 million settlement after filing a lawsuit against the City of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 18, 1993|title=LA agrees to pay almost $2 million in two police shootings|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-03-18-me-12294-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

{{Main|1992 Los Angeles riots}}

<!-- Commented out: [[File:R King beating.png|thumb|A screenshot of a recording of Rodney King being beaten by LAPD officers]] -->
The Los Angeles riots of 1992, also known as the Rodney King uprising or the Rodney King riots, began on April 29, 1992, when a jury acquitted four LAPD police officers accused in the videotaped beating of Rodney King following a high-speed car pursuit on March 3, 1991.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 30, 1992|title=The police verdict; Los Angeles Policemen Acquitted in Taped Beating|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/02/08/home/rodney-verdict.html|access-date=August 11, 2008}}</ref> After seven days of [[Deliberation|jury deliberations]], the jury acquitted all four officers of assault and acquitted three of the four of using excessive force. The evening after the verdict, thousands of people in the Los Angeles area rioted for over six days following the verdict. Widespread [[looting]], [[assault]], [[arson]], and [[murder]] occurred, and property damages totaled one billion dollars. In all, 53 people died during the riots.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 27, 2012|title=Twenty Years Later, L.A.'s Divisions Fade|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303990604577370231727848006|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

{{Main|Rampart scandal}}

On October 12, 1996, LAPD Officers [[Rafael Pérez (police officer)|Rafael Pérez]] and [[Nino Durden]] entered the apartment of [[Javier Ovando]]. They shot Ovando in the back, paralyzing him from the waist down. They then planted a gun on the unarmed Ovando to make it appear he had attacked them. The two officers then perjured themselves. Ovando was sentenced to 23 years in custody based on their testimony. Later, one of the officers admitted his crime. Ovando was released, and in 2000, was paid $15 million for his injuries and imprisonment. The officers' actions led to the exposure of the [[Rampart scandal]].<ref name="PBS Timeline">{{cite news|title=Rampart Scandal Timeline|publisher=[[PBS]]|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html|access-date=August 4, 2008}}</ref> By 2001, the resulting investigations would lead to more than 75 officers being investigated or charged, and over 100 criminal cases being overturned, due to perjury or other forms of misconduct, much based on the plea-bargain testimony of Perez.<ref name="PBS Timeline" />

Following the Rampart scandal, the United States Department of Justice entered into a consent decree with the LAPD regarding systemic civil rights violations and lack of accountability that stretched back decades.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Many in the LAPD resisted federal oversight and proposed reforms but entered into a consent decree when the DOJ threatened to sue the city and take complete control over the LAPD.<ref name=":0" /> Mayor [[Richard J. Riordan]] and the Los Angeles city council agreed to the terms of the decree on November 2, 2000. The federal judge formally entered the decree into law on June 15, 2001. To promote civil rights integrity, the legally binding decree emphasized several areas, including management and supervisory measures, revising critical incident procedures, documentation, investigation and review, revising the management of gang units, revising the management of confidential informants, program development for response to persons with mental illness, improving training, increased integrity audits, increasing the operations of the Police Commission and the Inspector General, and increasing community outreach and public information.<ref name="LAPD consent decree">{{cite web|title=Consent Decree Bureau|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/search_results/content_basic_view/928|access-date=October 6, 2013|publisher=LAPD}}</ref>

Other provisions in the decree called for divisions to investigate all use of force (now known as Force Investigative Division) and conduct audits department-wide; the development of a risk management system; the creation of a field data capture system to track the race, ethnicity or national origin of the motorists and pedestrians stopped by the department; the creation of an Ethics Enforcement Section within the Internal Affairs Group; the transfer of investigative authority to Internal Affairs of all serious personnel complaint investigations; a nationwide study by an independent consultant on law enforcement dealing with the mentally ill, to help the department refine its system; a study by an independent consultant of the department's training programs; and the creation of an informant manual and database.<ref name="LAPD consent decree" />

The Consent Decree Bureau was the LAPD bureau charged with overseeing this process. Until 2009, the commanding officer of the Consent Decree Bureau, a civilian appointed by the chief of police, was Police Administrator Gerald L. Chaleff.<ref name="LAPD consent decree" /><ref>{{cite web|title=About the Consent Decree Bureau|url=http://www.lapdonline.org/home/comm_bio_view/7588|access-date=July 9, 2007|publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> In 2006, the consent decree was extended by six years, as U.S. District Court Judge [[Gary Feess]] found that the LAPD had not implemented the reforms that it had committed to.<ref name=":0" /> The federal oversight of the LAPD was lifted in 2013.<ref name=":0" />  On July 10, 2005, while under the influence of alcohol and cocaine, Jose Pena took his 19-month-old daughter, Suzie, hostage in his home.<ref name="pena">{{cite news|date=March 16, 2008|title=The LAPD's assault on SWAT|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-mar-16-op-parry16-story.html|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> After police arrived, Pena threatened to kill her and himself after firing at others earlier. SWAT officers were called in.<ref name="pena" /> After negotiations to try and release Pena's daughter were unsuccessful, four SWAT officers entered the home and, during a gunfight, both Mr. Pena and his infant daughter were shot and killed by SWAT team members.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 July 2005|title=Suzie Marie Pena, 1 - The Homicide Report|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://homicide.latimes.com/post/suzie-marie-pena/|access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> One officer was shot and wounded by Pena.<ref name="pena" /> Suzie Pena's death was the first death of a hostage ever in LAPD SWAT history and the LAPD was criticized for their actions. An independent board of inquiry later cleared the SWAT officers of any wrongdoing.<ref name="pena" /> A judge later dismissed a lawsuit by the mother of Suzie Pena because the officers acted reasonably in the case and no negligence was involved.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 3, 2009|title=Judge dismisses suit filed by mother of toddler killed by LAPD bullet|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/08/judge-sides-with-lapd-throws-out-lawsuit-by-family-of-susie-pena.html|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>

In 2003, the LAPD arrested [[Long Shot (2017 film)|Juan Catalan]] after a 16-year-old girl was shot dead. Catalan was sentenced to death after a witness stated that he looked like the killer. Catalan turned out to be innocent; it was footage shot for the sitcom [[Curb Your Enthusiasm]] which showed him at [[Dodger Stadium]], showing him watching a baseball game with his family, that exonerated him.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://innocenceproject.org/how-curb-your-enthusiasm-saved-an-innocent-man-from-death-row/ | title=How 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' Saved an Innocent Man from Death Row | date=September 29, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/california/newsletter/2022-04-07/a-notorious-lapd-settlement-revisited-hbos-role-in-clearing-an-l-a-mans-name-essential-california | title=A notorious LAPD settlement, revisited: HBO's role in clearing an L.A. Man's name | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=April 7, 2022 }}</ref>

{{Main|2007 MacArthur Park rallies}}

On [[May Day]], 2007, immigrant rights groups held rallies in [[MacArthur Park]] in support of undocumented immigrants. The rallies were permitted and initially the protesters followed the terms of the permits, but some of the protesters began blocking the street. After warnings by the LAPD, the protesters failed to disperse and the rally was declared an unlawful assembly.<ref name="mayday">{{cite news|date=June 30, 2010|title=May Day melee civil trial nears end|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2010/06/30/16759/may-day-melee-civil-trial-nears-end/|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The LAPD only announced the declaration of the unlawful assembly in English leading to confusion by some in the crowd who only spoke Spanish.<ref name="mayday" /> Police officers held a line to prevent protesters from entering the street and did not disperse the crowd until rocks, bottles, and other objects began to be thrown at the police.<ref name="nationalreview">{{cite news|date=May 3, 2007|title=May Day Madness|work=[[National Review]]|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/220818/may-day-madness/jack-dunphy|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The officers began slowly advancing and fired rubber bullets and used batons to disperse crowd members who refused to comply with police orders to leave the area.<ref name="nationalreview" /> Police were heavily criticized for firing rubber bullets at some journalists and hitting some with batons who did not disperse along with the crowds.<ref name="nationalreview" /> Seventeen officers and two sergeants of the metropolitan division were recommended for punishment by a department internal review for their actions in the incident.<ref>{{cite news|date=July 9, 2008|title=Officers in melee to face censure|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-melee9-2008jul09,0,709480,full.story|url-status=dead|access-date=December 18, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910014037/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-melee9-2008jul09,0,709480,full.story|archive-date=September 10, 2012}}</ref>

In 2008, Officer Russell Mecano offered to not arrest a woman in exchange for [[sex]] and offered cash to another woman in exchange for sex. He was convicted and sentenced to more than eight years.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 26, 2011|title=LAPD officer sentenced to prison for sexual assaulting one woman, soliciting sex from another|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/05/lapd-officer-sentenced-to-prison-sexual-assaulting-woman-soliciting-sex.html|access-date=May 26, 2011}}</ref>

===2010s–2020s===
On July 22, 2012, Alesia Thomas, an African American woman, died in the back of a police car after being kicked in the upper thigh, groin, and abdomen. Her cause of death was ruled "undetermined", and the autopsy report mentioned cocaine intoxication as a "major" contributing factor, but also indicated that the struggle with officers "could not be excluded" as a contributing factor to her death. It was later revealed that Thomas was also determined to have [[bipolar disorder]].<ref>{{cite news|date=June 28, 2013|title=Officer Used Unnecessary Force Before Woman's Death, LAPD Says|newspaper=[[KNBC]]|publisher=[[NBC Owned Television Stations|NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations]]|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/lapd-Unreasonable-Force-Used-In-Womans-In-Custody-Death-213435391.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> Later, LAPD officer Mary O'Callaghan was charged with assault over her actions in the case.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 15, 2013|title=LAPD Officer Pleads Not Guilty to Assault Charge in Arrest Death Case|newspaper=KNBC|publisher=NBCUniversal Owned Television Stations|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/LAPD-Officer-Assault-Charge-Alesia-Thomas-Arrest-Death-227852831.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> As a result of these events, on September 1, 2012, civil rights activists requested an emergency meeting with LAPD Chief [[Charlie Beck]] to review arrest and use-of-force policies.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 1, 2012|title=Civil rights groups call for emergency meeting with LAPD chief|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/09/civil-rights-groups-call-for-emergency-meeting-with-lapd-chief-charlie-beck.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

On August 18, 2012, Ronald Weekley Jr., a college student, was punched in the face while being arrested after being stopped for riding his skateboard on the wrong side of the street.<ref name="huffingtonpost1">{{cite news|date=August 31, 2012|title=LAPD Violent Arrests: Recent Spate Of Controversies Could Harm Goodwill Efforts|work=The Huffington Post|publisher=AOL|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/01/lapd-violent-arrests-rece_n_1849031.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> On August 21, 2012, Michelle Jordan, a [[registered nurse]], was pulled over for holding her cell phone while driving. She was thrown to the ground twice in the course of being arrested after getting out of the car and refusing to comply with an officer's command to get back in the vehicle.<ref name="huffingtonpost1" />

{{Main|Christopher Dorner shootings and manhunt}}

On February 7, 2013, the LAPD was involved in what Chief Beck called "a case of mistaken identity" when, during the manhunt for the murderer and fired LAPD officer, Christopher Dorner, the LAPD and the [[Torrance Police Department]] fired upon pickup trucks at two separate locations, believing them to be Dorner.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 8, 2013|title=Christopher Dorner manhunt: Two innocent women shot by LAPD officers had "no warning"|newspaper=[[CBS News]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/christopher-dorner-manhunt-two-innocent-women-shot-by-lapd-officers-had-no-warning/|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> The first incident took place on the 19500 Block of Redbeam Avenue. LAPD officers fired numerous shots into the back of a blue pickup truck, allegedly without warning, and injured the two women inside. Twenty-five minutes later, the Torrance Police shot into the windshield of another pickup truck, narrowly missing the driver. In both cases the victims were not involved with the Dorner case.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 8, 2013|title=Police shoot two in Torrance in search for ex-LAPD cop|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2013/02/torrance-shootings.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> The Dorner case involved allegations of impropriety by other LAPD officers, as Dorner alleged that he had been fired for reporting brutality by his training officer. The manhunt was triggered by Dorner's alleged attacks against LAPD and ex-LAPD personnel. In 2013, the city of Los Angeles agreed to pay the two female victims of the first incident $2.1 million each to settle the matter.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 4, 2014|title=California: Officers Faulted in Mistaken Shooting|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/05/us/california-officers-faulted-in-mistaken-shooting.html?_r=0|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> The city of Torrance agreed to pay the victim of the second incident $1.8 million.<ref>{{cite news|date=July 24, 2014|title=Torrance suffer shot at during Dorner manhunt to receive $1.8 million|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-torrance-settlement-dorner-20140724-story.html|access-date=November 22, 2014}}</ref>

In May 2014, after much controversy in their city, the [[Seattle Police Department]] transferred two [[Draganflyer X6]] UAVs to the LAPD.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 2, 2014|title=SPD UAVs Leave Seattle to Try to Make It In Hollywood|publisher=[[Seattle Police Department]]|url=http://spdblotter.seattle.gov/2014/06/02/spd-uavs-leave-seattle-to-try-to-make-it-in-hollywood/|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> The LAPD stated that the only uses for the drones would be for narrow and prescribed circumstances such as hostage situations, but that they would not be put into use until the Board of Police Commissioners and the City Attorney crafted a policy for their use after the LA City Council ordered the policy creation.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 30, 2014|title=LAPD adds drones to the arsenal, says they'll be used sparingly|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lapd-adds-drones-to-arsenal-20140530-story.html|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=October 31, 2014|title=Los Angeles City Council Instructs Los Angeles Police Department To Create Drone Policy|newspaper=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregorymcneal/2014/10/31/los-angeles-city-council-instructs-los-angeles-police-department-to-create-drone-policy/|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> The decision to use the drones gained significant opposition from community activists including the ACLU and new groups founded after the announcement about drone use including Stop LAPD Spying Coalition and the Drone-Free LAPD, No Drones, LA! Activist groups protested outside of city hall against the use of drones by the LAPD.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 15, 2014|title=LAPD's 2 Drones Will Remain Grounded During Policy Review, Police Commission Says Amid Protest|newspaper=KTLA|publisher=Tribune Broadcasting|url=http://ktla.com/2014/09/15/anti-spying-group-drone-free-lapd-to-protest-state-bill-that-would-allow-police-drones/|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>

On August 11, 2014, an African-American man named [[shooting of Ezell Ford|Ezell Ford]] was shot by two LAPD gang detectives after they made an investigative stop of Ford on the street. Ford was unarmed and the officers claimed that he got into a physical struggle with one of them and then reached for their gun, forcing them to fire on Ford, while some witnesses who claimed to have seen the incident alleged that there was no struggle.<ref>{{cite news|date=December 4, 2014|title=LAPD chief: No new witnesses in police shooting of Ezell Ford|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-lapd-chiefs-witnesses-ezell-ford-20141204-story.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref> The autopsy report was ordered to be released by Mayor [[Eric Garcetti]] before the end of 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=November 13, 2014|title=Ezell Ford shooting: Mayor orders autopsy report to be released soon|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-ezell-ford-autopsy-20141113-story.html|access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

On September 11, 2014, African-American actress [[Danièle Watts]] was temporarily detained by the LAPD when she and her boyfriend were in Studio City.<ref name="wattslapd">{{cite news|date=September 14, 2014|title=LAPD investigates officers' conduct in detention of actress|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-actress-detained-20140915-story.html|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> Watts accused the officers who stopped her of racially profiling her because she was African-American and her boyfriend was Caucasian, claiming that they treated her as if she was a "prostitute" and that the officers had been disrespectful to her because she was African-American.<ref name="wattslapd" /> LAPD Sergeant Jim Parker who was one of the two officers accused by Watts of misconduct, released a personal audio recording of the entire incident to [[TMZ]].<ref name="latimeswatts">{{cite news|date=October 3, 2014|title=Did 'Django' actress pre-judge LAPD officer?|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-banks-police-race-20141004-column.html|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The recording showed that police had received a 911 call about lewd acts in a car and the couple who were described to have committed the lewd acts fit Watts' and her boyfriend's description.<ref name="latimeswatts" /> It also showed that when officers arrived on the scene, Watts' boyfriend cooperated with police but Watts refused to cooperate and identify herself, accused the officers of racism, and ignored officers requests and walked away from them leading to her being handcuffed and temporarily detained.<ref name="latimeswatts" /> Following the release of the recording, local civil rights activists called for Watts to apologize to the LAPD for falsely accusing them of racial profiling but Watts refused.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 24, 2014|title=Actress Refuses To Apologize To LAPD Over Racial-Profiling Accusation|newspaper=[[KCBS-TV|CBS Los Angeles]]|publisher=CBS Interactive|url=http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2014/09/24/actress-refuses-to-apologize-to-lapd-for-racial-profiling-accusation/|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> The two officers were cleared of any wrongdoing by the department shortly after the release of the audio recordings.<ref>{{cite news|date=September 16, 2014|title=LAPD Chief Beck: Officer who handcuffed actress Daniele Watts 'acted appropriately'|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/09/16/46771/lapd-chief-beck-defends-officer-who-handcuffed-act/|access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref>

In October 2014, the LAPD Office of the Inspector General released a report that members of the department had been using department computers to falsely inflate the number of officers and patrol cars that were on duty at any given time in a method known as "ghost cars".<ref>{{cite news|date=October 10, 2014|title=Ghost cars: LAPD faked patrol stats, police watchdog says|publisher=[[KPCC (radio station)|KPCC]]|url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/10/10/47312/ghost-cars-lapd-faked-patrol-stats-police-watchdog/|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> The report found that supervisors of various ranks would check officers into vacant assignments right before the department's computerized patrol software did its headcount and then log the officers off when the count was done.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 14, 2014|title=LAPD Watchdog Finds 'Ghost cars,' Inflated Patrol Numbers|newspaper=KABC-TV|publisher=ABC Owned Television Stations|url=http://abc7.com/news/lapd-watchdog-finds-ghost-cars-inflated-patrol-numbers/350855/|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> The report found that the practice occurred in at least five out of 21 patrol divisions, and the report also highlighted the causes including understaffing in the LAPD.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 10, 2014|title=LAPD deployed 'ghost cars' to meet staffing standards, report finds|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-lapd-ghost-cars-20141011-story.html|access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref>

In 2018, LAPD officers Louis Lozano and Eric Mitchell were fired for misconduct, making false statements, and violating the public's trust in their actions during an armed robbery in 2017. On April 15, 2017, Lozano and Mitchell were on duty when they received a call for an armed robbery at a nearby [[Macy's]]. Despite being close to the scene, the officers remained parked in an alleyway; Sergeant Jose Gomez, patrol sergeant for that shift, asked that the officers respond to the robbery, but they did not reply. While being questioned over the incident, Lozano and Mitchell claimed they could not hear the call due to loud music from a nearby park. When Sergeant Gomez reviewed their vehicle recordings, he found the officers were distracted by the mobile game ''[[Pokémon Go]]'', and that they ignored the robbery call and left their patrol jurisdiction to continue playing the game. Lozano and Mitchell attempted to appeal their firing, arguing their vehicle recordings were used improperly as evidence, but the California Second District Court of Appeal rejected their appeal.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Victor|first=Daniel|date=2022-01-11|title=Officers Who Ignored Robbery to Play Pokémon Go Lose Appeal|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/11/us/lapd-pokemon-go-appeal.html|access-date=2022-01-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Sara|last=Smart|title=Two LAPD officers fired for playing Pokémon GO and ignoring robbery call|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/12/us/los-angeles-officers-fired-playing-pokemon-go-trnd/index.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=CNN|date=January 12, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-11|title=Court upholds firing of LAPD officers who ignored robbery to play Pokémon Go|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-01-10/appeals-court-upholds-firing-of-lapd-officers-who-ignored-robbery-to-play-pokemon-go|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> 

In June 2020, following a campaign by a coalition of community groups including [[Black Lives Matter]], Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti announced LAPD budget cuts of $150 million.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 5, 2020|title=LA Mayor Faces Backlash For Defunding Police With $150 Million Budget Cut|work=Newsweek|url=https://www.newsweek.com/la-mayor-faces-backlash-defunding-police-150-million-budget-cut-1509131}}</ref> Garcetti announced the funds would be redirected to community initiatives.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 5, 2020|title=Growing the LAPD was gospel at City Hall. George Floyd changed that|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-05/eric-garcetti-lapd-budget-cuts-10000-officers-protests}}</ref> Then-Senator [[Kamala Harris]] supported Garcetti's decision to cut the LAPD's budget.<ref>{{cite news|date=June 10, 2020|title=Sen. Kamala Harris voices support of LA Mayor Garcetti's call for police reform, budget cuts|work=ABC7 News|url=https://abc7.com/george-floyd-death-kamala-harris-protests-police-brutality/6239699/}}</ref>

In 2020, the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office announced that six LAPD officers had been charged with conspiracy and falsifying information in a false gang labeling scandal,<ref>{{cite web|date=July 2020|title=July 10, 2020: Three LAPD Officers Charged With Conspiracy, Falsifying Information|url=https://da.lacounty.gov/sites/default/files/press/071020-Three-LAPD-Officers-Charged-With-Conspiracy-Falsifying-Information.pdf|access-date=July 31, 2021|website=Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=October 2, 2020|title=October 2, 2020: Additional LAPD Officers Charged With Falsifying Information|url=https://da.lacounty.gov/sites/default/files/press/100220-Additional-LAPD-Officers-Charged-With-Falsifying-Information.pdf|access-date=July 31, 2021|website=Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office}}</ref> with an additional 18 officers under investigation.<ref name="LATimes 2020-10-02">{{cite web|last1=Rector|first1=Kevin|last2=Winton|first2=Richard|last3=Poston|first3=Ben|date=October 2, 2020|title=Three more LAPD officers charged with falsifying information in gang labeling scandal|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-02/three-more-lapd-officers-charged-with-falsifying-information-in-gang-labeling-scandal|access-date=May 7, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The discovery of false accusations led to the review of hundreds of cases and the dismissal of several felony charges dating back to 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Poston|first1=Ben|last2=Rector|first2=Kevin|date=September 2, 2020|title=Prosecutors begin dismissing felony cases involving LAPD officers accused in gang-framing scandal|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-09-02/da-dismisses-several-cases-involving-lapd-officers-accused-of-corruption|access-date=May 7, 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

On February 13, 2021, the LAPD announced in a series of tweets it was launching an internal investigation into the Harbor Division after their employees allegedly passed around a [[Valentine's Day]]-themed [[e-card]] depicting [[George Floyd]] with the caption "You take my breath away", which referred to [[Murder of George Floyd|Floyd's murder]]. The LAPD said it "will have zero tolerance for this type of behavior".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chan|first=Stella|date=February 15, 2021|title=LAPD launches internal investigation into Valentine-themed image with George Floyd and the phrase 'You take my breath away'|work=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/15/us/lapd-george-floyd-valentines-day-image/index.html}}</ref>

On June 30, 2021, an LAPD [[bomb disposal]] squad detonated confiscated illegal fireworks in a residential neighborhood, injuring 17 people, causing extensive damage to nearby houses, and destroying the LAPD's bomb disposal truck. The explosion reportedly occurred when the bomb squad significantly underestimated the weight of the fireworks that were loaded into the truck's blast chamber. 42 pounds of fireworks were loaded into the blast chamber; however, it was only designed to sustain 15 pounds of explosives, with a maximum of 25 pounds (though this would disable the truck). The LAPD was criticized for carelessly handling explosives and detonating them in a neighborhood; Chief Moore publicly apologized during a news conference, informing reporters the bomb squad had begun implementing new procedures to prevent similar incidents in the future.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cain |first1=Josh |title=LAPD bomb squad miscalculated explosives before South LA blast, chief says |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2021/07/19/lapd-bomb-squad-miscalculated-explosives-before-south-la-blast-chief-says/ |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=Orange County Register |date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Officers Likely Erred In Weighing Explosives In South LA Blast, LAPD Chief Says|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/weight-of-explosives-in-south-la-fireworks-blast-exceeded-bomb-squad-trucks-capacity-chief-says/2642135/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=NBC Los Angeles|date=July 19, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2021, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that LAPD officers had been instructed by Chief [[Michel Moore]] to collect [[social media]] account information from all citizens they interview, whether or not they have been accused of committing a crime. Further, officers were asked to collect [[Social Security number]]s and instructed to tell individuals that they "must be provided" under federal law, although it is unclear if this is true. In a response to the comment, the LAPD stated that the field interview policy was "being updated".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=2021-09-08|title=Revealed: LAPD officers told to collect social media data on every civilian they stop|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/08/revealed-los-angeles-police-officers-gathering-social-media|access-date=2021-09-10|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> An updated policy instructs officers not to collect Social Security numbers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levin|first=Sam|date=2021-09-18|title=LAPD to stop requesting civilians' social security numbers after backlash|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/17/los-angeles-police-department-social-security-numbers|access-date=2021-10-06|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

== Fallen officers ==
[[Image:Randal Simmons.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Randal Simmons, the first LAPD SWAT officer to be killed in the line of duty, on February 7, 2008]]
Since the establishment of the Los Angeles Police Department, 240 officers have died in the line of duty, with Los Angeles City Marshal William Warren, a precursor to the current structure of the LAPD, shot by one of his own deputies in 1870.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Marshal William Warren |url=https://www.odmp.org/officer/22499-city-marshal-william-warren |website=The Officer Down Memorial Page |access-date=27 September 2025}}</ref> Officer Charles Keary is reported as the first officer lost on July 1, 1886.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fallen Officers |url=https://lapmf.org/fallenofficers/ |website=Los Angeles Police Memorial Foundation |access-date=27 September 2025}}</ref> Officer Walter Krep was the first motorcycle officer lost on March 28, 1916.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregory |first1=John |title=LAPD honors first motor officer to die in line of duty |url=https://abc7.com/post/lapd-honors-first-motor-officer-to-die-on-duty-/406398/ |work=ABC 7 Eyewitness News |publisher=KABC Television |date=21 November 2014}}</ref> In 2008, Randal Simmons became the first LAPD SWAT officer to be killed in the line of duty.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 9, 2014 |title=LAPD Metro Division's 7th Annual Randy Simmons 5k Challenge Run, Crossfit and Bike Ride |newspaper=[[KTLA]] |publisher=[[Tribune Broadcasting]] |url=http://ktla.com/2014/10/09/lapd-metro-divisions-7th-annual-randy-simmons-5k-challenge-run-crossfit-and-bike-ride/ |access-date=December 6, 2014}}</ref> 

There have been two memorials to fallen LAPD officers. One was outside [[Parker Center]], the former headquarters, which was unveiled on October 1, 1971.<ref name="History of Parker Center">{{cite web |title=History of Parker Center |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1123 |access-date=April 8, 2008 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> The monument was a fountain made from black [[granite]], its base inscribed with the names of deceased LAPD officers.<ref name="History of Parker Center"/>

The old monument located at Parker Center was destroyed in the process of being transported but was replaced by a new memorial at the Police Administration Building, the [[Los Angeles Police Department Memorial for Fallen Officers]], dedicated on October 14, 2009. The memorial is made up of more than 2,000 brass alloy plaques, 207 of which are inscribed with the names of fallen police officers.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 23, 2009 |title=LAPD memorial for fallen officers finds its way home |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-sep-23-me-lapd-memorial23-story.html |access-date=December 6, 2014}}</ref> Two deaths are unsolved,<ref>{{cite web |title=Unsolved Deaths of Officers Killed in the Line of Duty |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/unsolved |access-date=March 3, 2014 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> both of off-duty officers: Fred Early, shot in 1972,<ref>{{cite web |date=April 4, 1973 |title=Special Bulletin: Murder of Los Angeles Police Officer Information Wanted |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/Early.pdf |access-date=December 6, 2014 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> and Michael Lee Edwards, shot in May 1974.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 25, 2000 |title=Los Angeles Police Department Bulletin |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/assets/pdf/EdwardsRHD.pdf |access-date=December 6, 2014 |publisher=Los Angeles Police Department}}</ref> In addition to the numbers listed above, eight police officers and two other LAPD employees died due to [[COVID-19]] complications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eighth LAPD Officer Dies Due to Covid 19 Complications |date=August 3, 2021 |url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/eighth-lapd-officer-dies-due-to-covid-19-complications/2659621/}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
{{See also|Category: Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department}}
[[File:Ford Crown Victoria Interceptor LAPD Police (46997794394).jpg|thumb|A [[Ford Crown Victoria]] in a mock LAPD configuration in [[Beaune]], [[France]], exemplifying the widespread recognizability of the LAPD]]
Los Angeles' relationship with the [[Cinema of the United States|American film industry]] and entertainment industries led to the LAPD being prominently featured in popular media. Combined with news stories relating to it, the LAPD's image was effectively broadcast worldwide, making it a well-known archetype of urban North American law enforcement. The LAPD occasionally sanctioned works that depicted it positively.

===LAPD-sanctioned media entities===
One of the earliest notable representations of the LAPD in media was the 1930s [[CBS]] [[radio drama]] ''[[Calling All Cars (radio program)|Calling All Cars]]'', which hired LAPD radio dispatcher [[Jesse Rosenquist]] to voice the series' dispatcher.<ref>[[iarchive:OTRR Calling All Cars Singles|Calling All Cars: Old Time Radio: Internet Archive]]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Calling All Cars .. episodic log |url=http://otrsite.com/logs/logc1018.htm |website=otrsite.com}}</ref>  Rosenquist was already famous because home radios could tune in to early police radio frequencies; as the first police radio dispatcher presented to the public ear, he was the voice that actors went to when called upon for a radio dispatcher role.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 13, 2008 |title=Rquistcalls |url=http://harrymarnell.com/media/rquistcalls.wav |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513103625/http://harrymarnell.com/media/rquistcalls.wav |archive-date=May 13, 2008}}</ref> Chief [[James E. Davis (Los Angeles police officer)|James E. Davis]] also presented the show, and many of its plotlines were based on actual incidents the LAPD had handled, a concept that would be a staple of most future LAPD-sanctioned works.

From April to September 1952, [[KNBH]] aired ''[[The Thin Blue Line (American TV series)|The Thin Blue Line]]'', a [[panel show]] hosted by LAPD Chief William H. Parker, who discussed police affairs with a panel of experts and the audience. [[Jack Webb]] produced the [[Dragnet (franchise)|''Dragnet'']] franchise, following LAPD Detective Sergeant [[Joe Friday]], in cooperation with the LAPD. ''Dragnet'', which started as a late-1940s radio drama and moved into television in the 1950s and 1960s, was the first major mass media representation of the LAPD.<ref name="True Story of Dragnet">{{cite book |first=Michael J. |last=Hayde |title=My Name's Friday: The Unauthorized but True Story of Dragnet and the Films of Jack Webb |publisher=Cumberland House |year=2001 |isbn=1-58182-190-5}}</ref> Real LAPD operations inspired Webb to create the series, and close cooperation with LAPD officers let him make it as realistic as possible, including authentic police equipment, sound recording on-site at police facilities, and access to LAPD case files for story plotlines.<ref name="True Story of Dragnet" />  The popularity of ''Dragnet''<nowiki/>'s 1950s television adaptation made then-Chief William H. Parker "the most well-known and respected law enforcement official in the nation" aside from [[J. Edgar Hoover]].<ref name="True Story of Dragnet" /> The 1960s television series aired under Chiefs [[Thomas Reddin]] and [[Edward M. Davis]], and oriented from straightforward crime-solving to internal matters and community policing, per Reddin's attempts to improve the LAPD's community relations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayde |first=Michael J. |title=My Name's Friday: The Unauthorized but True Story of Dragnet and the Films of Jack Webb |date=2001 |publisher=Cumberland House |isbn=1-58182-190-5 |page=192 |quote=[B]ecame, after [[J. Edgar Hoover]], the most well-known and respected law enforcement official in the nation}}</ref> ''[[Adam-12]]'', also produced by Webb, followed a pair of LAPD patrol officers, running from 1968 to 1975, longer than ''Dragnet''{{'}}s 1960s run. The show familiarized the American public with LAPD operations and procedures. It made several of the LAPD's organizational quirks, such as its black-and-white paint scheme and "to protect and serve" motto, widely recognizable and symbolic of American policing.

=== Media featuring the LAPD ===
==== Films and television ====
Films prominently featuring the LAPD and its officers include ''[[Traffic with the Devil]]'' (1946), [[Assault on Precinct 13 (1976 film)|''Assault on Precinct 13'']] (1976), ''[[Blade Runner]]'' (1982), ''[[Blue Thunder]]'' (1983), [[Dragnet (1987 film)|''Dragnet'']] (1987), the ''[[Lethal Weapon (franchise)|Lethal Weapon]]'' series (1987–1998), [[Colors (1988 film)|''Colors'']] (1988), ''[[Die Hard]]'' (1988), ''[[Predator 2]]'' (1990), ''[[One False Move]]'' (1992), [[Demolition Man (film)|''Demolition Man'']] (1993), [[Speed (1994 film)|''Speed'']] (1994), [[Heat (1995 film)|''Heat'']] (1995), [[L.A. Confidential (film)|''L.A. Confidential'']] (1997), [[Rush Hour (1998 film)|''Rush Hour'']] (1998), ''[[Training Day]]'' (2001), ''[[44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out]]'' (2003), [[S.W.A.T. (2003 film)|''S.W.A.T.'']] (2003), [[Crash (2004 film)|''Crash'']] (2004), ''[[Lakeview Terrace]]'' (2008), [[Rampart (film)|''Rampart'']] (2011), ''[[End of Watch]]'' (2012), [[Gangster Squad (film)|''Gangster Squad'']] (2013), ''[[Let's Be Cops]]'' (2014), [[Bright (film)|''Bright'']] (2017), [[Crown Vic (film)|''Crown Vic'']] (2019), and [[Ambulance (2022 film)|''Ambulance'']] (2022).

Television series featuring the LAPD include ''[[Columbo]]'' (1968), [[Police Story (1973 TV series)|''Police Story'']] (1973), [[Hunter (1984 American TV series)|''Hunter'']] (1984), ''[[The Shield]]'' (2002), ''[[The Closer]]'' (2005), [[Southland (TV series)|''Southland'']] (2009), ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]'' (2009), ''[[Law & Order: LA]]'' (2010), ''[[New Girl]]'' (2011), [[Major Crimes (TV series)|''Major Crimes'']] (2012), [[Lucifer (TV series)|''Lucifer'']] (2016), ''[[Angie Tribeca]]'' (2016), [[Bosch (TV series)|''Bosch'']] (2017), [[S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series)|''S.W.A.T.'']] (2017), [[The Rookie (TV series)|''The Rookie'']] (2018), [[9-1-1 (TV series)|''9-1-1'']] (2018), ''[[L.A.'s Finest]]'' (2019), ''[[Close Enough]]'' (2020), ''[[The Rookie: Feds]]'' (2022), and [[High Potential]] (2024).

==== Video games ====
Video games featuring the LAPD, or entities based on the LAPD, include ''[[Police Quest: Open Season]]'' (1993), the first three [[Police Quest|'' SWAT'']] games (1995–1999), ''[[Future Cop: LAPD]]'' (1998), ''[[Police 911]]'' (2000), ''[[True Crime: Streets of LA]]'' (2003), ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' (2004),''[[The Shield (video game)|The Shield]]'' (2007), ''[[Midnight Club: Los Angeles]]'' (2008), ''[[L.A. Noire]]'' (2011), ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]'' (2012), ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'' (2013), [[Need for Speed (2015 video game)|''Need for Speed'']] (2015), and ''[[Ready or Not (video game)|Ready or Not]]'' (2023).

== See also ==
{{Portal|Los Angeles}}
* [[Crime in Los Angeles]]
* [[Law enforcement in Los Angeles County]]
* [[List of law enforcement agencies in California]]
* [[LAPD Red Squad raid on John Reed Club art show]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Appier, Janis. ''Policing women: The sexual politics of law enforcement and the LAPD'' (Temple UP, 1998).
* Brayne, Sarah. 2020. ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Predict_and_Surveil.html?id=01AAEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description Predict and Surveil: Data, Discretion, and the Future of Policing]''. Oxford University Press.
*Bultema, James A.  ''Guardians of Angels: A History of the Los Angeles Police Department Anniversary Edition, 1869-2019'' (2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Guardians-Angels-History-Angeles-Department/dp/0741498707/ excerpt from 2013 edition]
* Cannon, Lou. ''Official Negligence: How Rodney King and the riots changed Los Angeles and the LAPD'' (Westview Press, 1999).
* Domanick, Joe. ''To protect and to serve: the LAPD's century of war in the city of dreams'' (Pocket, 1995).
* Domanick, Joe. ''Blue: the LAPD and the battle to redeem American policing'' (Simon and Schuster, 2016). [https://www.amazon.com/Blue-Battle-Redeem-American-Policing/dp/1451641079/ excerpt]
* Felker-Kantor, Max. ''Policing Los Angeles: Race, Resistance, and the Rise of the LAPD'' (U of North Carolina Press, 2018) [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53886 online review]
* Gates, Daryl F., and Diane K. Shah. ''Chief: My life in the LAPD'' (Bantam, 1993).
* Jenks, David A., J. Scott Carter, and Catherine A. Jenks. "Command Staff Leadership Training and Job Commitment in the LAPD." ''Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice'' 4.2 (2007). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Catherine_Jenks/publication/237227661_Command_Staff_Leadership_Training_and_Job_Commitment_in_the_LAPD/links/54e7854e0cf2f7aa4d4d8b8d.pdf online]
* Jenning, Patrick, ''The Long Winding Road of Harry Raymond:  A Detective's Journey Down the Mean Streets of Pre-War Los Angeles'' (Bay City Press, 2021)
* Lasley, James R., and Michael K. Hooper. "On racism and the LAPD: was the Christopher commission wrong?." ''Social Science Quarterly'' (1998): 378–389.
* Maya, Theodore W. "To Serve and Protect or to Betray and Neglect: The LAPD and Undocumented Immigrants." ''UCLA Law Review'' 49 (2001): 1611+.
* Reese, Renford. ''Leadership in the LAPD: Walking the tightrope'' (Carolina Academic Press, 2005).
* Stone, Christopher, Todd S. Foglesong, and Christine M. Cole. "Policing Los Angeles under a consent degree: The dynamics of change at the LAPD" (Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, Harvard Kennedy School, 2009) [http://watch-command-1142464325.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com/assets/pdf/Harvard-LAPD%20Study.pdf online].

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Los Angeles Police Department}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Los Angeles Police Department}}
{{Los Angeles}}
{{Los Angeles Government}}
{{Police departments of California}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Los Angeles Police Department| ]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1869]]
[[Category:Municipal police departments of California]]