View source for Louis-Philippe Brodeur

{{Short description|Canadian politician (1862–1924)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix  = [[The Honourable]]
| name              = Louis-Philippe Brodeur
| honorific-suffix  = [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|P.C.]], [[Queen's Counsel|Q.C.]]
| image             = Louis Philippe Brodeur.png
| order             = 
| office            = 9th [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada]]
| predecessor       = [[Thomas Bain]]
| successor         = [[Napoléon Antoine Belcourt]]
| term_start        = February 6, 1901
| term_end          = January 18, 1904
| constituency_MP1  = [[Rouville (federal electoral district)|Rouville]]
| parliament1       = Canadian
| predecessor1      = [[George Auguste Gigault]]
| successor1        = [[Rodolphe Lemieux]]
| term_start1       = March 5, 1891
| term_end1         = September 21, 1911
| nominator2        = [[Wilfrid Laurier|Sir Wilfrid Laurier]]
| office2           = [[Puisne judge|Puisne Justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of Canada]]
| predecessor2      = [[Désiré Girouard]]
| successor2        = [[Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin]]
| term_start2       = August 11, 1911
| term_end2         = October 9, 1923
| office3           = Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
| order3            = 13th
| predecessor3      = [[Charles Fitzpatrick]]
| successor3        = [[Narcisse Pérodeau]]
| monarch3          = [[George V]]
| governor_general3 = [[Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy|The Viscount Byng of Vimy]]
| premier3          = [[Louis-Alexandre Taschereau]]
| term_start3       = October 31, 1923
| term_end3         = January 2, 1924
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1862|8|21}}
| birth_place       = [[Beloeil, Quebec|Belœil]], [[Canada East]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1924|1|2|1862|8|21}}
| death_place       = [[Government House (Quebec)|Spencer Wood]], [[Sillery, Quebec City|Sillery]]
| nationality       = Canadian
| spouse            = {{marriage|Emma Brillon|June 27, 1887|January 2, 1924|end=Brodeur's death in}}
| party             = [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
| relations         = 
| children          = 5
| residence         = 
| alma_mater        = [[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law#History|Université Laval à Montréal]]
| occupation        = journalist, lawyer
| profession        = politician
| religion          = 
}}
'''Louis-Philippe Brodeur,''' {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC|QC}} baptised '''Louis-Joseph-Alexandre Brodeur''' (August 21, 1862 &ndash; January 2, 1924) was a [[Canadians|Canadian]] journalist, lawyer, politician and judge from Quebec. During his career he served as a [[Cabinet of Canada|federal Cabinet minister]] in the government of [[Wilfrid Laurier]], [[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada]], and [[Puisne judge|puisne justice]] of the [[Supreme Court of Canada]].{{sfn|Castonguay|2005}}<ref name="anciens-parle">{{cite web|url=http://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/patrimoine/anciens-parlementaires/brodeur-louis-philippe-69.html|title=National Assembly of Québec : Louis-Philippe Brodeur|website=assnat.qc.ca|language=fr-CA|access-date=October 24, 2019}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Born in [[Beloeil, Quebec|Belœil, Quebec]], he was first elected to the [[House of Commons of Canada]] in the [[1891 Canadian federal election|1891 election]] as [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Rouville (federal electoral district)|Rouville, Quebec]]. He represented the [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] continuously until his retirement prior to the [[1911 Canadian federal election|1911 election]].

Brodeur was a firm supporter of [[Wilfrid Laurier|Sir Wilfrid Laurier]] and came from a ''[[Parti rouge|Rouge]]s'' family. His father fought in the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] of 1837, and his maternal grandfather was killed in the Rebellion's [[Battle of Saint-Charles]].

== Legal and political career ==
As a young man, Brodeur studied law, graduating in 1884 with an [[Bachelor of Laws#Canada|LL.B.]] from the [[Université de Montréal Faculty of Law#History|Université Laval in Montréal]].<ref name="anciens-parle" />{{sfn|Castonguay|2005}} He worked as a young lawyer with [[Honoré Mercier]], before establishing his own law firm of Dandurand and Brodeuer with [[Raoul Dandurand]]. He also engaged in journalism for Liberal newspapers such as ''[[La Patrie (Canadian newspaper)|la Patrie]]'' and ''L'Électeur'' before becoming [[editing|editor]] of ''Le Soir''. He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons at the age of 29. After the Liberals won the [[1896 Canadian federal election|1896 election]], Brodeur was appointed deputy speaker. He was appointed as a [[Queen's Counsel]] in 1899. He became [[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada]] following the [[1900 Canadian federal election|1900 election]].

[[Image:Louis Philippe Brodeur.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.60|Brodeur {{circa|1923}}]]
In 1904, he was appointed to the Laurier [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] as [[Minister of Inland Revenue (Canada)|Minister of Inland Revenue]] where he introduced [[Competition law|antitrust]] legislation to protect [[tobacco]] farmers from the monopolistic practices of the [[American Tobacco Company]].

In 1906, he was promoted to Minister of Marine and Fisheries and reorganized the Montreal Harbours Commission and instituted reforms in the department to reduce patronage and corruption.

Brodeur was a member of the Canadian delegation to the 1907 [[Imperial Conference]] in [[London]], and also helped negotiate a trade treaty with [[France]].

In 1910, he became Minister of the Naval Service and was responsible for introducing legislation to create the [[Canadian Forces Maritime Command|Canadian Navy]]. This signified a move towards Canadian independence from [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]]. It was opposed by the [[Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)|Conservative Party]], which preferred Canada's participation in the [[Royal Navy]]. By the end of his term, the new Navy consisted of 233 sailors and two cruisers, one on each coast. The policy of creating a Canadian Navy was also opposed by French-Canadian [[Nationalism|nationalists]] such as [[Henri Bourassa]] who feared that the Canadian Navy would only be used as a device to engage Canada in British wars.

Prior to the [[1911 Canadian federal election|1911 election]], Brodeur retired from politics.

== Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada ==

On August 11, 1911, Prime Minister Laurier appointed Louis-Philippe Brodeur of Quebec to the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] after the death of Justice [[Désiré Girouard]] on March 22. Brodeur was well liked and a close friend of Laurier, though described as having shown "no great skill in politics or law."{{sfn|Snell|Vaughan|1985|p=92}}

Historians Snell and Vaughan note that Laurier appointees like Brodeur, [[Louis Henry Davies]], and [[Charles Fitzpatrick]], who came from elected office, lacked the well-developed legal reasoning expected of judges and did not "make as useful a contribution to the law" as their more qualified colleagues.{{sfn|Snell|Vaughan|1985|p=92}}

On October 9, 1923, Brodeur resigned from the Court at age 61 due to poor health and arthritis that impaired his ability to write. Mackenzie King, who described Brodeur as "like a brother or a father," arranged for his appointment as the [[List of lieutenant governors of Quebec#Lieutenant Governors of Quebec, 1867–present|13th]] [[Lieutenant Governor of Quebec]], succeeding Charles Fitzpatrick.{{sfn|Snell|Vaughan|1985|p=118}}

Brodeur died on 2 January 1924, at the Lieutenant Governor's official residence of [[Government House (Quebec)|Spencer Wood]] in [[Sillery, Quebec City|Sillery]].{{sfn|Castonguay|2005}}<ref name="anciens-parle" />

== Family ==
[[File:Madame Emma Brodeur.jpg|thumb|upright=.64|Madame Emma Brodeur {{circa|1900}} by [[William James Topley]]]]
Louis-Philippe Brodeur married Emma Brillon, daughter of J. R. (Joseph-Régnier) Brillon, of Belœil, P.Q., in June 1887.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Morgan|editor-first=Henry James|editor-link=Henry James Morgan|title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada|location=Toronto|publisher=Williams Briggs|date=1903|url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft|page=[https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/40 40]|lccn=06010811|oclc=14026725|ol=7115470M}}</ref><ref name="anciens-parle" /> Their son, [[Victor Brodeur|Victor]], attained the rank of Rear Admiral in the Royal Canadian Navy. The [[École Victor-Brodeur]] in [[Esquimalt]], [[British Columbia]], is named after him. Victor's son Nigel attained the rank of Vice Admiral.

== Archives ==
There are Louis-Philippe Brodeur fonds at [[Library and Archives Canada]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Louis-Philippe Brodeur fonds, Library and Archives Canada|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=103866&lang=eng|access-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref> and [[Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Louis-Philippe Brodeur fonds, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec|url=https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/561752|access-date=August 31, 2020}}</ref>

== Electoral record ==
{{1891 Canadian federal election/Rouville}}
{{1896 Canadian federal election/Rouville}}
{{1900 Canadian federal election/Rouville}}

By-election: On Mr. Brodeur being appointed [[Minister of Inland Revenue]], 19 January 1904

{{CanElec1-by|30 January 1904}}
{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Louis-Philippe Brodeur|acclaimed}}
{{end}}
{{1904 Canadian federal election/Rouville}}
{{1908 Canadian federal election/Rouville}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title = Captive Court: A Study of the Supreme Court of Canada|last = Bushnell|first = Ian|publisher = McGill-Queen's University Press|year = 1992|isbn = 978-0-7735-0851-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/captivecourtstud0000bush |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite DCB |title=Brodeur, Louis-Philippe |first=René |last=Castonguay |volume=15 |year=2005 |url= https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brodeur_louis_philippe_15E.html}}
* {{Cite book|title = The Supreme Court of Canada: History of the Institution|last1 = Snell|first1 = James G. |last2 = Vaughan|first2 = Frederick |publisher = The Osgoode Society|year = 1985|isbn = 978-0-8020-3417-5 |location = Toronto|url = https://archive.org/details/supremecourtofca0000snel|url-access = registration}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.scc-csc.ca/judges-juges/bio-eng.aspx?id=louis-philippe-brodeur Supreme Court of Canada biography]
* {{Canadian Parliament links|ID=12590}}
* {{OL author}}
* [https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Brodeur,+L.+P.+(Louis-Philippe),+1862-1924 Works by Brodeur, L. P. (Louis-Philippe), 1862-1924] at [[Online Books Page|The Online Books Page]]

{{QCLG}}
{{Speakers of the Canadian House of Commons}}
{{CA-Ministers of Fisheries}}
{{CA-Ministers of Defence}}
{{CA-Ministers of Inland Revenue}}
{{Fitzpatrick-court}}
{{Davies-court}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brodeur, Louis Philippe}}
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Quebec]]
[[Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Lawyers in Quebec]]
[[Category:Canadian King's Counsel]]
[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1924 deaths]]
[[Category:Université de Montréal Faculty of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Université Laval alumni]]
[[Category:People from Beloeil, Quebec]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]