View source for Louis Beel

{{Short description|Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946&ndash;1948; 1958&ndash;1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix   = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| image              = Beel, L.J.M. - SFA008007058.jpg
| caption            = Official portrait, {{circa|1958}}
| office             = [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]]
| term_start         = 1 August 1959
| term_end           = 1 July 1972
| monarch            = [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]]
| predecessor        = [[Bram Rutgers]]
| successor          = [[Marinus Ruppert]]
| office1            = [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]]
| term_start1        = 1 June 1959
| term_end1          = 1 August 1959
| term_start2        = 1 April 1958
| term_end2          = 22 December 1958
| vicepresident2     = Bram Rutgers
| office3            = [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]
| term_start3        = 22 December 1958
| term_end3          = 19 May 1959
| monarch3           = [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Juliana]]
| deputy3            = [[Teun Struycken (1906–1977)|Teun Struycken]]
| predecessor3       = [[Willem Drees]]
| successor3         = [[Jan de Quay]]
| term_start4        = 3 July 1946
| term_end4          = 7 August 1948
| monarch4           = [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Wilhelmina]]
| deputy4            = Willem Drees
| predecessor4       = [[Willem Schermerhorn]]
| successor4         = Willem Drees
| office5            = [[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] 
| term_start5        = 2 September 1952
| term_end5          = 7 July 1956
| monarch5           = Juliana
| primeminister5     = Willem Drees
| predecessor5       = [[Josef van Schaik]]
| successor5         = Teun Struycken
| office6            = [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|High Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies]]
| term_start6        = 29 October 1948 
| term_end6          = 18 May 1949
| monarch6           = Juliana
| primeminister6     = Willem Drees
| predecessor6       = [[Hubertus van Mook]] (as Lieutenant {{nowrap|Governor-General}})
| successor6         = [[Tony Lovink]]
| office7            = Member of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]
| term_start7        = 27 July 1948
| term_end7          = 7 September 1948
| term_start8        = 4 June 1946
| term_end8          = 3 July 1946
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial offices|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}
| office9            = [[List of ministers of social affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs]] [[List of ministers of health of the Netherlands|and Health]]
| term_start9        = 22 December 1958
| term_end9          = 19 May 1959
| primeminister9     = Himself
| predecessor9       = [[Ko Suurhoff]]
| successor9         = [[Charles van Rooy]]
| office10           = [[List of ministers of justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]]
| status10           = ''Ad interim''
| term_start10       = 4 February 1956
| term_end10         = 15 February 1956
| primeminister10    = Willem Drees
| predecessor10      = [[Leendert Antonie Donker]]
| successor10        = [[Julius Christiaan van Oven]]
| office11           = [[List of ministers of education of the Netherlands#List of ministers of social work|Minister of Social Work]]
| status11           = ''Ad interim''
| term_start11       = 2 September 1952 
| term_end11         = 9 September 1952
| primeminister11    = Willem Drees
| predecessor11      = ''Office established''
| successor11        = [[Frans-Jozef van Thiel]]
| office12           = [[List of Ministers of the interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior]]
| term_start12       = 6 December 1951 
| term_end12         = 7 July 1956
| primeminister12    = Willem Drees
| predecessor12      = [[Frans Teulings]] (''ad&nbsp;interim'')
| successor12        = Julius Christiaan van Oven (''ad&nbsp;interim'')
| term_start13       = 23 February 1945 
| term_end13         = 15 September 1947
| primeminister13    = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|''See list''}}
| [[Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy]]<br>(1945)
| [[Willem Schermerhorn]]<br>(1945–1946)
| Louis Beel<br>(1946–1947)}}
| predecessor13      = [[Hendrik van Boeijen]] (''ad&nbsp;interim'')
| successor13        = [[Piet Witteman]]
| office14           = [[List of ministers of kingdom relations of the Netherlands|Minister of Colonial Affairs]]
| status14           = ''Ad interim''
| term_start14       = 30 August 1947
| term_end14         = 3 November 1947
| primeminister14    = Himself
| predecessor14      = [[Jan Jonkman]]
| successor14        = Jan Jonkman
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| birth_name         = Louis Joseph Maria Beel
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1902|04|12|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Roermond]], Netherlands
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1977|02|11|1902|04|12|df=y}}
| death_place        = [[Utrecht]], Netherlands
| party              = [[Catholic People's Party]]
| otherparty         = [[Roman Catholic State Party]] {{nwr|(1933–1945)}}
| spouse             = {{marriage|Jet van der Meulen|20 September 1926|1971|reason=died}}
| alma_mater         = [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] {{nwr|([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]], [[Master of Laws|LL.M.]], [[Doctor of Law|PhD]])}}
| occupation         = {{hlist|Politician|civil servant|jurist|lawyer|researcher|author|professor|nonprofit director}}
}}
'''Louis Joseph Maria Beel''' (12 April 1902 – 11 February 1977) was a Dutch politician of the [[Roman Catholic State Party]] (RKSP) and later co-founder of the [[Catholic People's Party]] (KVP) and jurist who served as [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] from 3 July 1946 until 7 August 1948 and from 22 December 1958 until 19 May 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/beel|title=Beel, Louis Joseph Maria (1902-1977)|publisher=Huygens ING|date=12 November 2013|access-date=12 May 2019|language=nl}}</ref>

Beel studied [[Law]] at the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] obtaining a [[Master of Laws]] degree and worked as a civil servant in [[Eindhoven]] and for the [[provincial executive]] of [[Overijssel]] from July 1929 until May 1942 and as a researcher at his alma mater before finishing his [[thesis]] and graduating as a [[Doctor of Law]] in [[Administrative law]] and during [[Netherlands in World War II|World War II]] worked as a lawyer in Eindhoven from May 1942 until January 1945. Shortly before the end of the War, Beel was appointed as [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior]] in the [[Third Gerbrandy cabinet|Gerbrandy III cabinet]], the last [[Dutch government-in-exile|government-in-exile]] taking office on 23 February 1945. After a [[Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]], Beel retained his position in the [[National unity government|national unity]] [[Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet]]. After the [[1946 Dutch general election|1946 general election]] Beel was asked to [[Formateur|lead]] a new cabinet and following a successful cabinet formation with [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Leader]] [[Willem Drees]] formed the [[First Beel cabinet|Beel I cabinet]] and became [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] and dual served as Minister of the Interior taking office on 3 July 1946.

After the [[1948 Dutch general election|1948 general election]], Beel failed to achieve a new coalition following a difficult cabinet formation and was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives on 27 July 1948. Beel left office following the installation of the [[Drees–Van Schaik cabinet]] on 7 August 1948 and continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a [[backbencher]]. In September 1948, Beel was nominated as the next [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|high commissioner of the Dutch East Indies]], serving from 29 October 1948 until 18 May 1949 and worked as a professor of administrative law and [[public administration]] at his alma mater and the [[Tilburg University|Catholic Economic University]] from October 1949 until December 1951. Following a [[cabinet reshuffle]] he was again appointed as minister of the interior in the [[First Drees cabinet|Drees I cabinet]], taking office on 6 December 1951. After the [[1952 Dutch general election|1952 general election]], Beel continued his office in the [[Second Drees cabinet|Drees II cabinet]] and also became [[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands|deputy prime minister]], taking office on 2 September 1952. On 7 July 1956 Beel, resigned after his appointment to lead a [[:nl:Commissie-Beel|special commission]] investigating a [[Greet Hofmans|political crisis]] concerning the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|royal family]]. In February 1958, Beel was nominated as a [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]] taking office on 1 April 1958. After the fall of the [[Third Drees cabinet|Drees III cabinet]], Beel was asked to lead an interim cabinet until the [[1959 Dutch general election|next election]], and following a successful cabinet formation formed the [[Caretaker government|caretaker]] [[Second Beel cabinet|Beel II cabinet]] and again became Prime Minister of the Netherlands and dual served as [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs]] [[List of Ministers of Health of the Netherlands|and Health]] taking office on 22 December 1958.

Before the [[1959 Dutch general election|1959 general election]], Beel indicated that he would not serve another term as prime minister or not stand for the election. Beel left office a second time following the installation of the [[De Quay cabinet]] on 19 May 1959. Beel continued to be active in politics and in July 1959 was nominated as the next [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|vice-president of the Council of State]], serving from 1 August 1959 until 1 July 1972.

Beel retired from active politics at 70 and became active in the [[public sector]] as a non-profit director and served on several [[:nl:Staatscommissie|state commissions]] and councils on behalf of the government. Beel was known for his abilities as an efficient manager and effective consensus builder. Beel was granted the honorary title of [[Minister of State (Netherlands)|minister of state]] on 21 November 1956 and continued to comment on political affairs as a statesman until he was diagnosed with [[leukemia]] in August 1976, dying six months later at the age of 74. He holds the distinction as the only prime minister to have served two non-consecutive terms after World War II and because of his short terms in office his premiership is therefore usually omitted both by scholars and the public in [[Historical rankings of prime ministers of the Netherlands|rankings]] but his legacy as a minister in the 1940s and 50s and later as vice-president of the Council of State continue to this day.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://geschiedenis.vpro.nl/artikelen/25181804/ Dr. L.J.M. (Louis) Beel - Geschiedenis VPRO]  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608103323/http://geschiedenis.vpro.nl/artikelen/25181804/ |date=8 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.europa-nu.nl/id/vg09lkxtgnws/l_j_m_louis_beel Dr. L.J.M. (Louis) Beel]</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.geschiedenis24.nl/nieuws/2006/januari/Willem-Drees-gekozen-tot-D-premier-na-WO-II.html Willem Drees gekozen tot ‘Dé premier na WO II’], Geschiedenis24.nl, 15 January 2006</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/09/28/nrc-enquete-drees-en-lubbers-beste-premiers-sinds-1900/ NRC-enquête: Drees en Lubbers beste premiers sinds 1900], NRC Handelsblad, 28 September 2013</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.ioresearch.nl/actueel/mark-rutte-gezien-als-beste-premier-sinds-woii/ I&O Research], I&O Research, 13 March 2020</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life===
Louis Joseph Maria Beel was born on 12 April 1902 in [[Roermond]], a town with a [[bishop]]'s [[Episcopal see|see]] in the province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]], in the very south of the Netherlands. He grew up in a predominantly Roman Catholic community and went to school at the famous Bisschoppelijk College (Diocesan College) of Roermond. He graduated in 1920 and found work as clerk-volunteer at the municipality of Roermond. Two years later he became secretary to the Educational Religious Inspector of the Roermond diocese, [[Monsignor]] Petrus van Gils. When in 1923 a Catholic University was founded in [[Nijmegen]] (presently known as the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]), Monsignor van Gils insisted on his secretary becoming a part-time law student in Nijmegen. In 1924 Beel began commuting between Roermond and Nijmegen. After obtaining his [[bachelor's degree]] in 1925 he found a new job as an administrative assistant in the government of the eastern province of [[Overijssel]]. He moved to its capital, the town of [[Zwolle]], and left his place of birth Roermond. During the time he lived in Zwolle, Beel got married and his first child, a son, was born. In addition to being a provincial civil servant, Beel accepted a part-time lectureship at an institute for professional training, Katholieke Leergangen, and he wrote his first articles on legal subjects.

In 1928 Beel obtained his master's degree in law at [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]. Subsequently, he applied for a better job, and managed to find one as a clerk at the municipality of [[Eindhoven]], also in the south of the Netherlands at that time a booming city as a result of the establishment of the [[Philips]] group. With his wife, his son and his mother-in-law he moved to Eindhoven in 1929 and lived there for more than fifteen years. Three daughters were born there. Beel's professional career progressed rapidly and in less than one year he became a principal clerk. As he had in [[Zwolle]], Beel proved to be an industrious man. He continued his part-time lecturing at the Katholieke Leergangen, he published regularly in the legal press and in 1935 he obtained his doctorate in law at the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]].

===World War II===
At the time of his resignation as a municipal [[Civil service|Civil servant]] in 1942, Beel was Director of Social Affairs and Deputy Town Clerk. Beel resigned because he opposed the [[Netherlands in World War II|German occupation of the Netherlands]]. To avoid being taken prisoner by the German occupational forces he frequently had to go in hiding. [[Eindhoven]] was liberated on 18 September 1944 at the time of the World War II military offensive known as [[Operation Market Garden]]. [[Dutch resistance]] fighters, massively manifesting themselves immediately after the Germans had gone, saw Beel as one of them. He became the spokesman of a group of prominent citizens in Eindhoven, who had resisted the [[Germany|Germans]] during the war. The group was not in favour of a continuation of the pre-war political party-lines, with the ever-dominant [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]]. In this vein they sent an Address, drafted by Beel, to [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], who still resided in London. Beel was urged to accept the function of adviser to the Military Administration (''Militair Gezag''), the temporary government in the liberated southern part of the Netherlands under [[Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force]]. In this capacity Beel was invited by the [[Dutch government-in-exile]] to travel to London and to advise on dealing with the war victims. He arrived in London on 1 January 1945. On 10 January he visited at her request [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] in her English mansion Mortimer. This visit gave a decisive turn to Beel's life.

[[File:Aankomst Bondskanselier Dr. Figl van Oostenrijk in Den Haag, met Minister Beel C, Bestanddeelnr 905-3722.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Prime Minister Louis Beel and [[Chancellor of Austria]] [[Leopold Figl]] at The Hague's [[Den Haag Centraal railway station|Staatsspoor railway station]] on 21 October 1952]]
[[File:Koninklijk huis, prinsen, geboorten, actes, handtekeningen, stadhuizen, minister, Bestanddeelnr 018-0296.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Vice-President of the Council of State Louis Beel, Prince [[Prince Claus of the Netherlands|Claus]], and Prime Minister [[Piet de Jong]] during the announcement following the birth of Prince [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] on 2 May 1967]]

===Politics===
The [[Queen regnant|Queen]] intuitively saw in Beel, a Roman Catholic from the South who ostentatiously had rejected Nazism, the prototype of the patriot and of the sort of "renewed" person she was looking for to replace the members of her war-cabinet, of whom she no longer wholeheartedly approved. Beel was promptly appointed [[Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations|Minister of the Interior]] in the [[third Gerbrandy cabinet]]. This cabinet resigned immediately after the end of the war, in May 1945, to free the path for a new one to be formed by two a [[Liberalism|liberal]], [[Wim Schermerhorn]], and [[Social democracy|social democrat]], [[Willem Drees]]. They invited Beel to remain as [[Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations|Minister of the Interior]] in their cabinet (the [[Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet]]). According to his own words, Beel reluctantly agreed. He moved with his family from [[Eindhoven]] to [[Wassenaar]], a villadom close to [[The Hague]], the government's residence.

A post-war parliamentary election could finally be held in May 1946. In the election campaign Beel voiced the political resistance from the religious and liberal parties against the economic planning and socialism favoured by Prime Minister Schermerhorn and his political supporters. Unlike the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|British election]] of the previous year where the Labour Party gained a decisive victory, in the Netherlands the "Socialist breakthrough" which had been expected did not materialise in this first post-war election. The [[Catholic People's Party]] was the big winner, though no party had an overall majority. [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] requested Beel to form a new cabinet. He became prime minister of a [[Roman/Red]] coalition, which he called the "New Truce", since it was the first cabinet in Dutch history of socialists and Roman Catholics. This Beel cabinet set the course for the political and economic development of the post-war Netherlands.

In social policy, temporary measures were introduced in December 1946 entitling wage-earners to an allowance for the first and second child under the age of 18. The Old Age Pensions Emergency Provisions Act of May 1947 provided means-tested pensions for all persons over the age of 65 regardless of their previous employment record, and the Pensioners' Family Allowances Act of July 1948 introduced family allowance for those in receipt of invalidity, old age, or survivors' benefits "according to the Invalidity Insurance Act 1919."<ref>Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II, Volume 2 edited by Peter Flora</ref> In 1947, the duration of sickness benefits was doubled from 26 to 52 weeks.<ref>[https://www.frisch.uio.no/publikasjoner/pdf/rapp12_02.pdf  Privatization of the absenteeism scheme: Experiences from the Netherlands, Julia van den Bemd, Wolter Hassink]</ref> Under a law of 15 July 1948 (Stb. I 309) the age limit for the right to orphan's annuity under the Disability law went up from 14 to 16 years.<ref>[https://repository.overheid.nl/frbr/sgd/19551956/0000278656/1/pdf/SGD_19551956_0002425.pdf ZITTING 1955—1956 — 4341 Nadere wijziging van de Invaliditeitswet MEMORIE VAN TOELICHTING No. 3]</ref>

[[File:Bezoek van minister-president Beel aan Sumatra Inspectie van de erewacht, Bestanddeelnr 478-1-4.jpg|left|thumb|Prime Minister Louis Beel inspecting native soldiers during his visit to [[Sumatra]]]]
In 1948 a parliamentary election was again required for a constitutional renewal, which was thought necessary to solve the problems emerging in the [[Dutch East Indies]], where the nationalists led by [[Sukarno]] and [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]] had proclaimed the independence of their country immediately after the Japanese surrender. The KVP won again and Beel was asked to form a new cabinet. He might again have become prime minister, but he failed to form the grand coalition of socialist, Catholic and liberal parties, which he deemed necessary to secure the corrections in the Constitution. [[Josef van Schaik]], a fellow KVP politician, took over and succeeded in forming a broad based cabinet by offering the socialist [[Willem Drees]] the function of prime minister, [[Josef van Schaik]] himself being satisfied with the function of deputy prime minister. Drees appointed Beel [[High Commissioner of the Crown in the Dutch East Indies]], as a successor to Lieutenant Governor General [[Hubertus van Mook]], a man of proven managerial abilities, who had to resign unwillingly.

The Dutch government in [[The Hague]] made several attempts to reach an agreement with the [[Indonesian National Revolution#Formation of the Republican government|Republic of Indonesia]]. Beel, stationed in Batavia (now named [[Jakarta]]), was not in favour of such an agreement because of his suspicions - later proven to be right - that the new Republic did not want the establishment of a federal state, as was planned in the Dutch [[decolonisation]] policy. Under the auspices of the [[United Nations Security Council]] an agreement was achieved in May 1949 to hold a Round Table Conference in [[The Hague]] in order to prepare the transfer of sovereignty. Beel made efforts to thwart the agreement. However he was unsuccessful and he resigned from his Office of High Commissioner of the Crown.

Beel returned to his home at the end of May 1949 and a few months later he accepted a professorate in administrative law at his [[Alma Mater]] in [[Nijmegen]], one of his early ambitions.

On 7 November 1951, [[Johan van Maarseveen]], [[Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations|Minister of the Interior]], suddenly died. Prime Minister Drees appealed to Beel to return to office. Again reluctantly, Beel accepted Prime Minister Drees' offer. He also held the function of [[Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations|Minister of the Interior]] in the next Drees cabinet after the elections of 1952. In July 1956 Beel asked that he be allowed to resign from government to become, as a private citizen, chairman of a committee of three "wise men" that was requested by [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Queen Juliana]] and the Consort [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] to help solve problems pertaining to the royal family. The problems were related to faith healer [[Greet Hofmans]], whom the Queen had invited to the royal palace in order to cure her youngest daughter, who had been born half blind in 1947. The renowned German magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' had accused Mrs. Hofmans of playing a "[[Rasputin]]" role in the royal family. Within a month the committee had fulfilled its task by writing a secret report, which banished the sensitive affair from publicity. Three months later Beel was appointed [[Minister of State]], a prestigious title of honour.

In 1958 after an interlude of eighteen months without a public office, Beel was appointed member of the [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Council of State]]. Soon afterwards however he was called upon to form his second cabinet - a [[rump cabinet]] from December 1958 until May 1959, that had to dissolve parliament and call a new election. After this election Beel assisted the Roman Catholic politician [[Jan de Quay]] in forming a Catholic–liberal cabinet, thus ending the Roman/red coalition, which had been Beel's own initiative in 1946. The [[De Quay cabinet]] appointed Beel as Vice-President of the Council of State, the most prestigious office in the Dutch administration, the head of state being the honorary President of the Council of State.

Whereas other political leaders, who had come forward after the war, one by one left the political scene and the "participation-democracy" of the New Left movement created a new type of politician, Beel retained in the authority of the Council of State a great influence on government. He owed his role to the way he performed his high office as well to his position of confidence with the royal family. In various affairs the royals faced, Beel's taciturn way of acting on behalf of the monarchy and his prudent pulling the strings behind the scene as Vice-President of the Dutch Council of State gave him the nickname "The [[Sphinx]]". The power he derived from both positions christened him "Viceroy of the Netherlands". The authority of Beel and his controlling influence in political circles became manifest when new cabinets had to be formed or cabinet crises had to be warded off. Through the thirteen years of his vice-presidency Beel had a steering hand in nearly every cabinet formation, including the dramatic formation of the cabinet of the [[Social democracy|social democrat]] [[Joop den Uyl]] in 1973.

===Later life===
As from 1 July 1972, at the age of seventy, Beel resigned (prematurely) from his office of Vice-President of the Council of State. His wife had died some years before. He retired with his [[mentally handicapped]] eldest daughter and her attendant to the quiet village of [[Doorn]]. On 11 February 1977 Beel died in the [[:nl:Academisch Ziekenhuis Utrecht|University Hospital Utrecht]] from [[leukemia]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}
* {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09lkxtgnws/l_j_m_louis_beel Mr.Dr. L.J.M. (Louis) Beel] Parlement & Politiek

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Bram Rutgers]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]]|years=1959–1972}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Marinus Ruppert]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Willem Drees]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]<br>[[Ministry of General Affairs|Minister of General Affairs]]|years=1958–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jan de Quay]]}}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ko Suurhoff]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ministers of social affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs]] [[List of Ministers of Health of the Netherlands|and Health]]|years=1958–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Charles van Rooy]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Leendert Antonie Donker]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ministers of justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]]<br>(''ad interim'')|years=1956}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Julius Christiaan van Oven]]}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ministers of education of the Netherlands#List of ministers of social work|Minister of Social Work]]<br>(''ad interim'')|years=1952}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frans-Jozef van Thiel]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Josef van Schaik]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]|years=1952–1956}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Teun Struycken (1906–1977)|Teun Struycken]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Frans Teulings]]<br>(''ad interim'')}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior]]|years=1951–1956}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Julius Christiaan van Oven]]<br>(''ad interim'')}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hubertus van Mook]]|as=Lieutenant Governor-General}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|High Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies]]|years=1948–1949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tony Lovink]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jan Jonkman]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ministers of kingdom relations of the Netherlands|Minister of Colonial Affairs]]<br>(''ad interim'')|years=1947}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jan Jonkman]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hendrik van Boeijen]]<br>(in 1945)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of General Affairs|Minister of General Affairs]]|years=1947–1948}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Willem Drees]]|rows=2}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Willem Schermerhorn]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]|years=1946–1948}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hendrik van Boeijen]]<br>(''ad interim'')}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of ministers of the interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior]]|years=1945–1947}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Piet Witteman]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime Ministers of the Netherlands}}
{{Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Health of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Sport of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Social Work of the Netherlands}}
{{Governors-General of the Dutch East Indies}}
{{Ministers of Colonial Affairs of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands}}
{{Second Beel cabinet}}
{{Second Drees cabinet}}
{{First Drees cabinet}}
{{First Beel cabinet}}
{{Schermerhorn–Drees cabinet}}
{{Third Gerbrandy cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:1902 births]]
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[[Category:Ministers of justice of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of social affairs of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of social work of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of sport of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of state of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of the interior of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:People from Doorn]]
[[Category:People from Eindhoven]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nijmegen]]
[[Category:People from Roermond]]
[[Category:People from Wassenaar]]
[[Category:People from Zwolle]]
[[Category:Politicians from The Hague]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Radboud University Nijmegen alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the House of Orange]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic State Party politicians]]
[[Category:Scholars of administrative law]]
[[Category:Vice-presidents of the Council of State (Netherlands)]]