View source for Lukang

{{other places|Lugang (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Stack|
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = Lukang
| official_name          = Lukang Township<!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name            = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hant|鹿港鎮}}}}
| other_name             = Rokkō; Luchiang; Lugang
| settlement_type        = [[Township (Taiwan)|Urban township]]
| image_skyline          = 鹿港老街小巷07.jpg
| image_caption          = An alley in the [[old town]] of Lukang
| nickname               = 
| image_map              = LugangTownship.png
| coordinates            = {{coord|24|03|N|120|26|E|region:TW|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = [[Taiwan]]
| subdivision_type1      = County
| subdivision_name1      = [[Changhua County]]
| parts_type             = [[Administrative divisions of Republic of China|Administrative divisions]]
| parts                  = 
| government_footnotes   = <ref>{{cite web |title=鎮長介紹 |url=https://www.lukang.gov.tw/content/index.aspx?Parser=1,5,32 |access-date=6 January 2019|date = 11 September 2013}}</ref>
| government_type        = Urban township
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = 許志宏
| area_total_km2         = 71.802
| population_footnotes   = <ref>{{cite web |title=彰化縣各鄉鎮市 107年12月人口數統計表 |url=https://civil.chcg.gov.tw/files/107%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%A1%A8-1_2_1080102.pdf |access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref>
| population_total       = 85423
| population_as_of       = January 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1     = Gender
| demographics1_title1   = Male
| demographics1_info1    = 44,101
| demographics1_title2   = Female
| demographics1_info2    = 42,717
| website                = {{official url}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Lukang Township
|t={{linktext|鹿港|鎮}} <!--|s={{linktext|鹿港|镇}}--> |l={{nowrap|[[Deer]] [[Harbor]]}}
|bpmf=ㄌㄨˋㄍㄤˇㄓㄣˋ
|p=Lùgǎng Zhèn |mi={{IPAc-cmn|l|u|4|.|g|ang|3|-|zh|en|4}} |gr=Luhgaang Jenn |tp=Lùgǎng Jhèn |mps=Lùgǎng Jèn |w=Lu⁴-kang³ Chên⁴ |tl=Lo̍k-káng-tìn
|poj=Lo̍k-káng-tìn |phfs=Lu̍k-kóng-chṳ́n
|showflag=wppoj
}}
}}
'''Lukang''',<!--Chinese in infobox; see WP:MOS-ZH--> formerly romanized as '''Lugang''' and also known by [[#Name|other names]], is an [[township (Taiwan)|urban township]] in northwestern [[Changhua County]], [[Taiwan]]. The township is on the west coast of Taiwan, facing the [[Taiwan Strait]]. Lukang was an important sea port in the 18th century and 19th century. It was the most populous city in central Taiwan until the early 20th century. In March 2012, it was named one of the ''Top 10 Small Tourist Towns'' by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wong |first=Maggie Hiufu |date=30 March 2012 |url=http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/10-coolest-small-tourist-town-taiwan-903796 |title=Taiwan names its 10 top small tourist towns |website=CNN Go |access-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402142554/http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/10-coolest-small-tourist-town-taiwan-903796 |archive-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy|Names}}

==Name==
The township's name, which means "[[Deer]] Port", came from its [[deerskin]] trade during the [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch period]]. Its old [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]] name was '''Lok-a-kang''' ({{zh|c=鹿仔港|poj=Lo̍k-á-káng}}) and its shortened version is seen in English texts and maps as variants such as '''Lok-kang''',{{sfnp|Campbell|1896|loc=[[:c:File:1896 map of Taiwan.png|map]]}} '''Lokang'''{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|loc=Index p.32}} and '''Lo-kiang'''.{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|loc=[[:c:File:Davidson (1901) - General Map of Formosa.jpg|map]]}}

In 2011, the Ministry of Interior decided to keep the historical [[Wade-Giles]] spelling "Lukang" and abandon the change to the [[Pinyin]] spelling "Lugang" consistent with the switch to Tongyong Pinyin in 2002 and later Hanyu Pinyin 2009.<ref>Liu, M. (2011). [http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/BREAKINGNEWS3/6426643.shtml 鹿港譯名恢復Lukang].''United Daily News'', retrieved at 28 June 2011.</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2021}} 
An important trading port during Lukang's heyday from 1785 to 1845, Lukang's population reached 20,000.{{sfnp|DeGlopper|1995|pp=78–79}} Lukang was Taiwan's second largest city after [[Tainan]] and was larger than [[Wanhua District|Bangka]] (now a district of [[Taipei]]), then the island's third-largest city.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} The rice industry brought great wealth to the city. During the late 1800s the most prominent families in Lukang were the Huang and Koo clans.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheung |first1=Han |title=Taiwan in Time: Crafting Taiwan’s temples |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/08/15/2003762618 |website=www.taipeitimes.com |publisher=Taipei Times |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>

The subsequent [[silting]] of the harbor and the city's refusal to allow [[rail transport in Taiwan|railroads]] to pass through the city led to losses in trade in commerce, which, in turn led to Lukang's decline relative to other cities, which were experiencing considerable urbanization and population growth.  This same decline, however, averted the modernization processes that demolished historical buildings in Tainan and Taipei, leaving Lukang preserved as it was in the past.

During the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|period of Japanese rule]], the city was Taiwan's fifth most populous city, with a population of 19,805 according to the December 1904 census.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Takekoshi |first1=Yosaburō |author-link=Takekoshi Yosaburō |title=Japanese rule in Formosa |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180113 |date=1907 |publisher = Longmans, Green, and co. |location = London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta |ol=6986981M |oclc=753129 |chapter=Chapter XIII: Population and future development of the island resources |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180113/page/n225 200] }}</ref> The [[Hoklo people]] in the area were predominantly of [[Xiamen]] and [[Quanzhou]] origin,{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=591}} thereby speaking the [[Quanzhou dialect]] of [[Hokkien]]. [[Nanguan music]] is highly popular in Lukang and originates from Quanzhou.

[[File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-6550512-rokko-2119-ii.jpg|left|thumb|Map of Lukang (labeled as ROKKŌ) and surrounding area (1944)]]
[[File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-459.jpg|left|thumb|Map including Lukang (labeled as Lu-chiang (Rokko) {{lang|zh-tw|鹿港}}) (1954)]]
In 1920, Lukang was governed as {{nihongo|Rokkō Town|鹿港街}} under Shōka District of [[Taichū Prefecture]].

==Overview==
[[File:Lukang Lung-shan Temple 2004.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Longshan Temple (Lukang)|Lukang Longshan Temple]].]]
[[File:鹿港天后宮.JPG|thumb|left|[[Lukang Mazu Temple]]]]
There are many old temples in Lukang, such as [[Lukang Longshan Temple|Longshan Temple]] and [[Lugang Mazu Temple|Matzu Temple]]. The city boasts over 200 temples dedicated to a wide variety of folk deities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/local/changhua/2010/03/01/246327/Historic-town.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304132950/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/local/changhua/2010/03/01/246327/Historic-town.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2010 |title=Historic town of Lukang boasts over 200 temples |agency=CNA |publisher=China Post |date=1 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010}}</ref> The town is also the origin of the terms "ē-káng" (下港) and "téng-káng" (頂港) used respectively to refer to southern Taiwan and northern Taiwan; the literal meanings of the terms are "below the harbor" and "above the harbor".

The [[Yu Jen Jai]] (玉珍齋) cakes are famous local specialties, as well as Lukang's Ox Tongue Cakes (牛舌餅) and oyster pancakes. It will host the 2012 Taiwan Lantern Festival, beating out six other contenders.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taiwantoday.tw/ct.asp?xItem=152771&ctNode=445|title=Lugang unveiled as host of 2012 Taiwan Lantern Festival|publisher=Taiwan Today|date=22 February 2011|access-date=22 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003355/http://www.taiwantoday.tw/ct.asp?xItem=152771&ctNode=445|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Lukang encompasses {{convert|39.46|km2|sp=us}} with a population of 85,423, including 43,199 males and 42,224 females as of January 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://accounting.chcg.gov.tw/07static/static01_con.asp?bull_id=239488 | script-title =zh:統計資料 {{!}} 一月 {{!}} 表四|language=zh|trans-title=Statistics{{!}}January{{!}}Table 4 | date =10 February 2017 | website =accounting.chcg.gov.tw | publisher =Changhua County Government | access-date =11 February 2017}}</ref>

==Administrative divisions==
[[File:Lukang Township Office, Changhua County.jpg|thumb|Lukang Township Office]]
[[File:鹿港老街08.jpg|thumb|Street view in Lukang]]
The township comprises 29 villages, which are Dayou, Zhongxing, Luojin, Shunxing, Pulun, Xingong, Yushun, Tungshi, Guocuo, Yongan, Jingfu, Taixing, Zhangxing, Xinghua, Longshan, Caiyuan, Jiewei, Zhaoan, Haipu, Yangcuo, Caozhong, Tounan, Shanlun, Dingpan, Toulun, Gouqi, Liaocuo, Tungqi and Dingcuo.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Infrastructure==
* [[Hsingneng Power Plant]]
* [[Hsingyuan Power Plant]]

==Tourist attractions==

[[File:Lugang Koo's House.JPG|thumb|[[Lukang Folk Arts Museum]], the former Koo's family mansion (see [[Koo Hsien-jung]])]]
[[File:Mazu Temple in Taiwan Glass Gallery, Changhua County (Taiwan).jpg|thumb|The Glass [[Mazu Temple]] at Taiwan Glass Gallery in Lukang]]
* [[BRAND'S Health Museum]]
* [[Chang Bin Show-Chwan Health Mall]]
* [[Eight Wonders]]
* [[Lukang Ai Gate]]
* [[Lukang Artist Village]]
* [[Lukang Culture Center]]
* [[Lukang Folk Arts Museum]]
* [[Lukang Kinmen Hall]]
* [[Lukang Longshan Temple]]
* [[Lukang Rimao Hang]]
* [[Lukang Tianhou Temple]]
* [[Lukang Wen Wu Temple]]
* [[No Heaven Street]]
* [https://www.rtaiwanr.com/lukang/taiwan-glass-gallery-glass-temple Taiwan Glass Gallery & Glass Temple]

== In popular culture ==
The town was referenced in the 1982 song "Lukang, The Small Town" (鹿港小鎮) by [[Lo Ta-yu]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Notable natives==
* [[Chao Shou-po]], politician, educator, civic activist and lawyer
* [[Koo Hsien-jung]], former businessperson
* [[Koo Chen-fu]], businessman, diplomat
* [[Koo Kwang-ming]], politician
* [[Stan Shih]], Co-founder & Honorary Chairman of Acer Inc.
* [[Li Ang (writer)|Li Ang]], writer
* [[Shi Shuqing]], writer

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Lukang (2012–2023 normals, extremes 2012–present)
|Jan record high C = 30.1
|Feb record high C = 32.7
|Mar record high C = 32.3
|Apr record high C = 34.3
|May record high C = 34.8
|Jun record high C = 36.4
|Jul record high C = 39.1
|Aug record high C = 37.5
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 35.2
|Nov record high C = 33.3
|Dec record high C = 30.5
|Jan record low C = 4.7
|Feb record low C = 6.1
|Mar record low C = 10.0
|Apr record low C = 11.0
|May record low C = 15.4
|Jun record low C = 22.5
|Jul record low C = 22.5
|Aug record low C = 23.5
|Sep record low C = 20.7
|Oct record low C = 14.6
|Nov record low C = 7.6
|Dec record low C = 7.5
|Jan high C = 20.4
|Feb high C = 21.0
|Mar high C = 24.3
|Apr high C = 27.4
|May high C = 30.3
|Jun high C = 32.3
|Jul high C = 33.4
|Aug high C = 33.0
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 29.8
|Nov high C = 26.7
|Dec high C = 22.2
| year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 16.7
|Feb mean C = 16.9
|Mar mean C = 19.7
|Apr mean C = 23.2
|May mean C = 26.3
|Jun mean C = 28.4
|Jul mean C = 29.4
|Aug mean C = 28.9
|Sep mean C = 28.2
|Oct mean C = 25.4
|Nov mean C = 22.6
|Dec mean C = 18.6
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 13.9
|Feb low C = 14.1
|Mar low C = 16.5
|Apr low C = 19.9
|May low C = 23.3
|Jun low C = 25.5
|Jul low C = 26.3
|Aug low C = 25.9
|Sep low C = 25.0
|Oct low C = 22.3
|Nov low C = 19.6
|Dec low C = 15.7
| year low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 25.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 43.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 68.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 98.4
|May precipitation mm = 181.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 217.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 183.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 206.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 93.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 18.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 19.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 24.7
|year precipitation mm = 
| Jan precipitation days = 4.5
| Feb precipitation days = 5.9
| Mar precipitation days = 7.6
| Apr precipitation days = 8.3
| May precipitation days = 9.4
| Jun precipitation days = 10.6
| Jul precipitation days = 8.4
| Aug precipitation days = 10.5
| Sep precipitation days = 5.4
| Oct precipitation days = 1.9
| Nov precipitation days = 2.9
| Dec precipitation days = 3.4
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity = 82.5
| Feb humidity = 84.6
| Mar humidity = 84.3
| Apr humidity = 84.0
| May humidity = 86.3
| Jun humidity = 86.2
| Jul humidity = 82.7
| Aug humidity = 86.1
| Sep humidity = 82.8
| Oct humidity = 79.2
| Nov humidity = 82.6
| Dec humidity = 80.2
| year humidity =
|source 1 = Central Weather Administration<ref name= CWA>{{cite web 
|url = https://codis.cwa.gov.tw/StationData 
| title = 月報表(逐日資料) : 鹿港 (撤銷站) (C0G640)
| publisher= Central Weather Administration
|access-date = 7 October 2024 }}</ref>
|source 2 = Atmospheric Science Research and Application Databank (precipitation 1993–2020, precipitation days and humidity 2000–2013)<ref name= ASRAD>{{cite web |url = https://asrad.pccu.edu.tw/catalog/clim/ 
| title = 中央氣象署 測站氣候資料 : 彰化鹿港 C0G640
| publisher= Atmospheric Science Research and Application Databank
|access-date = 7 October 2024 }}</ref>
}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite journal |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William_Campbell_(missionary) |title=The island of Formosa: Its past and future |journal=Scottish Geographical Magazine |date=1896 |volume=12 |issue=8 |pages=385–399 |doi=10.1080/00369229608732903 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430413 }} 
*{{cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=James W. |author-link=James W. Davidson |title=The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions |year=1903 |publisher=Macmillan & co. |url=https://archive.org/details/islandofformosap00davi |location=London and New York |ol=6931635M }}
*{{cite book |last1=DeGlopper |first1=Donald R. |title=Lukang: Commerce and Community in a Chinese City |year=1995 |publisher=  State University of New York Press, Albany |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5FX6AC-hdbkC&q=tainan+taipei+population+1900&pg=PR4 |location=Albany |isbn=9780791426906 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Lukang Township, Changhua}}
{{Wiktionary|Lukang|Lu-kang|Lugang}}
*{{official website}} {{in lang|en}}

{{Taiwan Changhua divisions}}
{{Townships in Taiwan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Townships in Changhua County]]